JPH01190219A - Current limiter - Google Patents

Current limiter

Info

Publication number
JPH01190219A
JPH01190219A JP63013557A JP1355788A JPH01190219A JP H01190219 A JPH01190219 A JP H01190219A JP 63013557 A JP63013557 A JP 63013557A JP 1355788 A JP1355788 A JP 1355788A JP H01190219 A JPH01190219 A JP H01190219A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
current
resistance
coil
superconducting
magnetic field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP63013557A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tatsuya Hayashi
龍也 林
Mitsugi Takahashi
貢 高橋
Hiroyuki Sasao
笹尾 博之
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority to JP63013557A priority Critical patent/JPH01190219A/en
Publication of JPH01190219A publication Critical patent/JPH01190219A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/023Current limitation using superconducting elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/005Mechanisms for operating contacts making use of superconductivity, e.g. levitation switch
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10Operating or release mechanisms
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a current limiter having a long service life and a high efficiency, by providing a superconducting member connected in series with a power conducting path through two or more current terminals and a magnetic field generating coil having opposite ends connected near to the opposite end sections of the power conducting section of the superconducting member and arranged around the power conducting section. CONSTITUTION:When current higher than the critical current I1 of a superconducting member 11 flows through a current limiter, superconducting state disappears to exhibit an electrical resistance R1, and thereby the current is branched to a coil 2 thus producing a magnetic field. When the magnitude of the magnetic field exceeds the critical field of the member 11, breakage of superconducting state is promoted thus increasing the resistance R1. The relation of magnitude between the resistance R1 and the resistance or the impedance R2 of the coil 2 are inverted, after the current level exceeds current I2, due to temperature rise and increase in resistance caused by Joule's heat, thus increasing the resistance R1 furthermore. Consequently, most of the current flows through the coil 2 and current limitation is performed almost entirely through the coil 12. By such arrangement, the member 11 can be protected thermally and physically.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は電気回路の保饅に用いられる限流装置に関す
るものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a current limiting device used for insulating electrical circuits.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

第8図に示すものは、例えば、三菱電機株式会社発行の
[永久ヒユーズの説明書J(Y−0253−A(801
0)HAK)に示されている従来の限流装置である永久
ヒユーズの断面図である。
The one shown in Fig. 8 is, for example, [Permanent Fuse Manual J (Y-0253-A (801
0) HAK) is a sectional view of a permanent fuse, which is a conventional current limiting device.

図において、符号(1)は電流端子1、(2)は電流端
子2であって、この電流端子112(1) 、(2)の
間にはその両方を電気的に接続するアルカリ金属部(3
)が設けられて通電経路(4)を形成している。
In the figure, symbol (1) is current terminal 1, and (2) is current terminal 2. Between these current terminals 112 (1) and (2) is an alkali metal part (112) that electrically connects both. 3
) is provided to form an energizing path (4).

次に(5)は電流端子2(2)側に設けられている圧力
緩衝用のピストンで、アルカリ金属部(3)の反対側に
は封入ガスであるアルゴンガス(6)が密封されている
Next, (5) is a pressure buffering piston provided on the current terminal 2 (2) side, and the opposite side of the alkali metal part (3) is sealed with argon gas (6), which is a sealed gas. .

また、を流端子(1)の外周を包むように、熱伝導率が
アルミニウムに近い特殊セラミックス材(7)が設けら
れており、更に通電経路(4)を囲むように、ステンレ
ス銅製のケース(8)が設けられている。
In addition, a special ceramic material (7) whose thermal conductivity is close to that of aluminum is provided so as to wrap around the outer periphery of the current terminal (1), and a stainless steel case (8) is provided to further surround the current conduction path (4). ) is provided.

次にこの従来装置の動作について説明する。Next, the operation of this conventional device will be explained.

通電経路(4)に過電流が流れた場合、2個の電流端子
1.2(1) 、(2)間のアルカリ金属部(3)のナ
トリウムが、自己のジュール発熱によって、高温高圧で
あってかつ高電気抵抗のプラズマ気体に変化し、両1!
流端子1 、2(1) #(2)間の抵抗が急激に増加
する。
If an overcurrent flows through the current carrying path (4), the sodium in the alkali metal part (3) between the two current terminals 1.2 (1) and (2) will be at high temperature and high pressure due to its own Joule heat generation. It changes into a plasma gas with high electrical resistance, and both 1!
The resistance between current terminals 1 and 2 (1) #(2) increases rapidly.

このプラズマ気体の高電気廷抗によって、過電流は限流
される。
This high electric current of the plasma gas limits the excess current.

一方、高圧となったプラズマ気体の圧力はピントン(5
)の移動によって軽減される。
On the other hand, the pressure of the high-pressure plasma gas is pinton (5
) is reduced by the movement of

このようにして、過電流は限流され、最終的に図示され
ていない遮断器により遮断された後、気体化しているナ
トリウムは冷却固化し、元のアルカリ金属部(3)のナ
トリウム電路を形成し、これによって、電流端子l、 
2(1) 、(2)間はもつとの電気抵抗値に復帰する
In this way, the overcurrent is limited and finally cut off by a circuit breaker (not shown), after which the vaporized sodium cools and solidifies, forming the original sodium circuit in the alkali metal section (3). Therefore, the current terminal l,
Between 2(1) and (2), the electrical resistance returns to its original value.

〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕[Problem to be solved by the invention]

従来の限流装置は、以上のように構成されているので、
過電流が流れると、限流材料のアルカリ金属部は、その
自己ジュール熱により、高温高圧の高電気抵抗体に変化
するため、特殊セラミックス材(7)の溶融や圧力に対
する対策が必要となり、過電流が除去された後には、特
殊セラミックス材(7)の体積が増加するので、次に過
電流が流れたときの限流性能が低下し、限流装置内のエ
ネルギーが著しく高くなってしまい、その結果、数回の
使用にしか耐えられず、また限流時の急激な抵抗上昇に
よる電流変化がサージ電圧を発生させるという課題を有
していた。
Since the conventional current limiting device is configured as described above,
When an overcurrent flows, the alkali metal part of the current limiting material transforms into a high temperature, high pressure, high electrical resistance body due to its own Joule heat, so it is necessary to take measures to prevent melting of the special ceramic material (7) and pressure. After the current is removed, the volume of the special ceramic material (7) increases, so the current limiting performance decreases the next time an overcurrent flows, and the energy within the current limiting device increases significantly. As a result, it can withstand only a few uses, and the current change due to a sudden increase in resistance during current limiting generates a surge voltage.

この発明は、上記のような課題を解決するためになされ
たもので、高温高圧となることを阻止し、限流材料の急
激な抵抗上昇によるサージ電圧を抑制すると共に、多数
回の使用に耐え得て長寿命を套する限流装置を得ること
を目的とする。
This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it prevents high temperature and high pressure, suppresses surge voltage caused by a sudden increase in resistance of current limiting material, and can withstand repeated use. The object of the present invention is to obtain a current limiting device that has a long service life.

〔課題を解決するための手段〕[Means to solve the problem]

この発明に係る限流装置は、2個以上の電流端子によっ
て通電路に直列に接続されている超電導部材と、該超電
導部材の連凧部の両端部近辺に両端が接続していると共
に通電部を囲んで設けられている磁界発生用のコイルと
を備えているものである。
The current limiting device according to the present invention includes a superconducting member connected in series to a current-carrying path by two or more current terminals, and a current-carrying portion having both ends connected to near both ends of a linking part of the superconducting member. It is equipped with a coil for generating a magnetic field, which is provided surrounding the magnetic field.

〔作 用〕[For production]

この発明における限流装置は、臨界TtKを超える過電
流の流入により、超電導部材の超電導状態が破壊され、
て抵抗が発生し上昇する。その後、超電導部材の抵抗の
発生により、超電導部材を囲んで配ヤされ【いるコイル
に過電流が分流し、これによって、磁界を発生して超電
導状態の破壊を促進し、これによって、超電導部材の抵
抗は、コイルの抵抗又はインピーダンスを上まわるよう
になり、その結果、過電流はコイルへ一層流れて超電導
部材へのIIc流は減少する。
In the current limiting device of the present invention, the superconducting state of the superconducting member is destroyed by the inflow of an overcurrent exceeding the critical TtK,
resistance is generated and rises. Thereafter, due to the generation of resistance in the superconducting member, an overcurrent is shunted to the coils arranged surrounding the superconducting member, which generates a magnetic field and promotes the destruction of the superconducting state. The resistance becomes greater than the resistance or impedance of the coil, so that the excess current flows more into the coil and the IIc current into the superconducting member is reduced.

なお、限流は、上記のようにして生ずる超電導状態の破
壊の時点から始まる。
Note that current limiting starts from the point in time when the superconducting state is destroyed, which occurs as described above.

また、通常時は、超電導部材は、臨界温度に保持されて
いるために、電気抵抗は零であって、損失はない。
Furthermore, since the superconducting member is normally maintained at a critical temperature, the electrical resistance is zero and there is no loss.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

以下、この発明をその一実施例を示す図に基づいて説明
する。
The present invention will be explained below based on the drawings showing one embodiment thereof.

第1図において、符号(11)は超電導部材であって、
その両端は、2個の電流端子1(1)及び電流端子2(
2)に接続され【、at路に直列に接続されている。(
12)は超ll導部材(11)の通電部を囲んで設けら
れていると共に、その両端はW41!導部材(11)の
両端部近辺に接続されているコイルである。(13)は
上記全体を包む断熱容器、例えば、発泡スチロールやス
テンレス鋼製の真空2重層又はガラス製の真空2重層か
らなる各種の断熱容器であって、断熱容器(13)内に
は、超電導部材(11)をその通常電流において超電導
状態を維持するための冷媒、例えは、液体ヘリウム若し
くは液体窒素又は液体酸累あるいは水など(14,)を
充填しているものである。
In FIG. 1, symbol (11) is a superconducting member,
Its both ends are connected to two current terminals 1 (1) and 2 (current terminal 2).
2) and is connected in series to the at path. (
12) is provided surrounding the current-carrying part of the super conductive member (11), and both ends thereof are W41! This is a coil connected near both ends of the conductive member (11). (13) is a heat insulating container that envelops the whole of the above, for example, various heat insulating containers made of a double vacuum layer made of styrofoam or stainless steel, or a double vacuum layer made of glass. (11) is filled with a coolant such as liquid helium, liquid nitrogen, liquid acid, or water (14) to maintain the superconducting state at its normal current.

そして、上記谷部によって限流装置が構成されている。The valley portions constitute a current limiting device.

次に、この限流装置の動作について説明する。Next, the operation of this current limiting device will be explained.

通常電流が流れているときは、臨界温度以下に保持され
ているので、その電気抵抗は零となって損失はない。
When current is normally flowing, the temperature is kept below the critical temperature, so the electrical resistance is zero and there is no loss.

これに対して、過電流が流れると、超電導部材(11)
の臨界4流■1を超えた磁流が流れることになり、その
結果、超電導状態が破壊し、第2図に示すように、電気
抵抗(R1)が発生する。この時点から限流作用が生じ
る。
On the other hand, when an overcurrent flows, the superconducting member (11)
A magnetic current exceeding the critical current 1 will flow, and as a result, the superconducting state will be destroyed and electrical resistance (R1) will occur as shown in FIG. From this point on, a current limiting effect occurs.

このようにして、超電導部材(]1)に抵抗(R1)が
発生すると、電流はコイル(12)に分流されて磁界が
発生する。この磁界が超電導部材(11”)の臨界磁界
を超えると、超電導部材(11)の超亀尋破壊が促進さ
れ、従って、抵抗(R1)が増々増加する。また、超電
導部材(11)の抵抗(R1)とコイル(12)の抵抗
又はインピーダンス(R2)とは、ジュール発熱による
温度上昇と抵抗の増加とがなされる。超電導部材(11
)の抵抗とコイル(12)の抵抗又はインピーダンス(
R2)とは、図に示す電流■2以後においては、抵抗又
はインピーダンス値の大小が逆転し、超電導部材(11
)の抵抗(R1)が更に増加する。その結果、電流は主
にコイル(12)K流れるようになる。このとき、限流
はほとんどコイル(12)で行なわれることとなり、超
電導部材(11)による限流はほとんど行なわれず、従
って、超電導部材(11)の熱的又は物理的保護がなさ
れることとなる。
In this way, when resistance (R1) is generated in the superconducting member (1), the current is shunted to the coil (12) and a magnetic field is generated. When this magnetic field exceeds the critical magnetic field of the superconducting member (11"), superconducting fracture of the superconducting member (11) is promoted, and therefore the resistance (R1) increases more and more. Also, the resistance of the superconducting member (11) (R1) and the resistance or impedance (R2) of the coil (12), the temperature rise and resistance increase due to Joule heat generation.Superconducting member (11)
) and the resistance or impedance of the coil (12) (
R2) means that after the current 2 shown in the figure, the magnitude of the resistance or impedance value is reversed and the superconducting member (11
) resistance (R1) further increases. As a result, current mainly flows through the coil (12)K. At this time, current limiting is mostly done by the coil (12), and current limiting by the superconducting member (11) is hardly done, so the superconducting member (11) is thermally or physically protected. .

なお、上記実施例では、断熱容器(13)に冷媒(14
)を入れたものを示したが、超電導状態を維持するのに
必要であれば、加熱する媒体あるいは冷却又は加熱する
装置を有するものであってもよ〜1゜ また、超電導部材(11)を囲むように配置したコイル
(12)ノ両端ヲ、*a端子112(1) 、(2)に
取り付けたが、第3図に示すように、超vL導部材(’
11)に直接取り付けてもよく、あるいは、第4図に示
すように、亀、流端子1 、2(1) 、(2)を超M
!導部材(11)の側面に取り付けて構成してもよ℃・
In the above embodiment, the refrigerant (14) is placed in the heat insulating container (13).
), but if necessary to maintain the superconducting state, the superconducting member (11) may be equipped with a heating medium or cooling or heating device. Both ends of the coil (12) arranged so as to surround it were attached to *a terminals 112 (1) and (2), but as shown in FIG.
11), or as shown in Figure 4, the terminals 1, 2 (1), (2)
! It can also be configured by being attached to the side of the conductive member (11).
.

史に、コイル(12)の配置であるが、第5図及び第6
図に示すように、コイル(12)を超電導部材(11)
の外周に複数個配置して超電導部材(11)を囲んでも
よい。
Historically, the arrangement of the coil (12) is shown in Figures 5 and 6.
As shown in the figure, the coil (12) is connected to the superconducting member (11).
A plurality of them may be arranged around the outer periphery of the superconducting member (11) to surround the superconducting member (11).

更に又、第7図に示すように、@鑞導部材(11)又は
コイル(12)に韮列に抵抗(15)を入れてもよい。
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, a resistor (15) may be inserted in a diagonal row in the soldering member (11) or the coil (12).

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上のように、この開明によれば、限流素子に超電導部
材を用いて通wL′@に厘夕13に挿入接続し、かつ、
超IC4部材の両端部近辺に両端が魯・続されていると
共に超電導部材の通を部を囲んで設けている磁界発生用
のコイルを設けており、これによって、過電流通電時に
は、超電導部材の超電導状態を破壊して過電流をコイル
に分流して臨界磁界を超える磁界を発生させ、これによ
って、上記破壊を一層促進させて超電導部材への過xi
の流入を抑制しているので、高温高圧になることもなく
、また、サージ電圧の発生もなく、従って、多数回の使
用に耐えることができて長寿命で効率の良い限流状態が
得られる効果を有している。
As described above, according to this disclosure, a superconducting member is used for the current limiting element, and the current limiting element is inserted and connected to the current limiting element 13, and
A coil for generating a magnetic field is provided near both ends of the super IC4 member, and both ends are connected to each other, and the coil for generating a magnetic field is provided surrounding the passage of the superconducting member. The superconducting state is destroyed and the overcurrent is shunted to the coil to generate a magnetic field that exceeds the critical magnetic field, thereby further promoting the above-mentioned destruction and reducing the overcurrent to the superconducting member.
Since the inflow of the current is suppressed, there is no high temperature and high pressure, and there is no generation of surge voltage.Therefore, it can withstand multiple uses, providing a long life and efficient current limiting state. It has an effect.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図はこの発明の実施例による限流装置の構成説明図
、第2図は第1図の電流と抵抗との関係を示す馴図、第
3図、第4図、第5図及び第7図は他の4種類の実施例
の構成説明図、第6図は第5図の側面図、第8図は従来
の限流装置の断面図である。 (1)・・tfL端子1、(2)・・電流端子2、(1
1)・・超電導部材、(12)・・コイル、(13)・
・断熱容器、(14)・・冷媒。 なお、各図中、同一符号は同−又は相当部分を示す。 垢1図 1.2:電克鳩+1.2 11、超電r4部材 12:  コイル 13=I1111 14:;牛煤 電 ;た 手続補正書 昭和63年 8月25日
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of a current limiting device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current and resistance of FIG. 1, and FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of four other embodiments, FIG. 6 is a side view of FIG. 5, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a conventional current limiting device. (1)...tfL terminal 1, (2)...current terminal 2, (1
1)...Superconducting member, (12)...Coil, (13)...
・Insulating container, (14)...Refrigerant. In each figure, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts. Figure 1 Figure 1.2: Denkakuhato +1.2 11, Superden R4 member 12: Coil 13 = I1111 14:; Cow soot electric; Procedural amendment August 25, 1988

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 2個以上の電流端子によつて通電路に直列に接続されて
いる超電導部材と、該超電導部材の通電部の両端部近辺
に両端が接続されていると共に通電部を囲んで設けられ
ている磁界発生用のコイルとを備えていることを特徴と
する限流装置。
A superconducting member connected in series to a current-carrying path by two or more current terminals, and a magnetic field having both ends connected near both ends of a current-carrying part of the superconducting member and surrounding the current-carrying part. A current limiting device characterized by comprising a generating coil.
JP63013557A 1988-01-26 1988-01-26 Current limiter Pending JPH01190219A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63013557A JPH01190219A (en) 1988-01-26 1988-01-26 Current limiter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63013557A JPH01190219A (en) 1988-01-26 1988-01-26 Current limiter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01190219A true JPH01190219A (en) 1989-07-31

Family

ID=11836480

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63013557A Pending JPH01190219A (en) 1988-01-26 1988-01-26 Current limiter

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005191539A (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-07-14 Nexans Superconducting current limiting device
US7558030B2 (en) 2005-12-02 2009-07-07 Ls Industrial System Co., Ltd. Resistive superconducting fault current limiter

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4826093A (en) * 1971-08-06 1973-04-05
JPS6426326A (en) * 1987-07-20 1989-01-27 Toshiba Corp Superconductive current limiter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4826093A (en) * 1971-08-06 1973-04-05
JPS6426326A (en) * 1987-07-20 1989-01-27 Toshiba Corp Superconductive current limiter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005191539A (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-07-14 Nexans Superconducting current limiting device
US7558030B2 (en) 2005-12-02 2009-07-07 Ls Industrial System Co., Ltd. Resistive superconducting fault current limiter

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