JPH0112722B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention is directed to the onion fly, Hylemya antiqua, which is a pest of plants of the genus Allium (onions, etc.).
Meigen (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), a seed fly that injures a wide range of plants, Hylemya platura
Concerning an attractant for Hylemya pests such as Meigen (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). The onion fly Hylemya antiqua Meigen is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and is an important pest of plants of the genus Allium such as onions. Furthermore, seed flies
H. Platura M. is a global agricultural pest that damages a wide range of crops and damages germinated seeds and young plants of various crops. In particular, these female pests lay eggs near the roots of young plants, etc., and their larvae feed on the underground parts, causing crops to wilt and die. Moreover, since these are soil pests, it is difficult to expect a control effect from insecticides. In addition to the above-mentioned two species, examples of pests of the genus Hylemia include Hylemya floralis Fallen and H pilipyga VILLEN., which damage radish and the like. Conventionally, onion slices, ground onion juice, molasses, fish scraps, etc. have been used as lures for onion flies, seed flies, etc., respectively. However, these lures not only have insufficient attracting power, but also the attracting power is not constant depending on the product, or the attracting power changes over time, so the use of chemical attractants is strongly required. desired. In recent years, the structure of so-called sex pheromone has been determined for moth pests, and this attractive sex pheromone has been used to investigate the development and development of pests. However, the attraction of the sex pheromone of flies is extremely weak compared to that of moths, and even if its chemical structure has been determined, its use in research on development and development is questionable. Furthermore, since sex pheromones generally attract only male pests, the number of female pests that cause damage cannot be reduced, and there is currently little hope of direct reduction of damage. On the other hand, Kairomone is used for pest control.
Attempts have begun to utilize substances that transmit information between individuals of different species and physiologically active substances that benefit the receiving side. For example, in flower-visiting insects, the scent of flowers, etc. It has long been known that damaged plants have a stronger attraction to onion flies and seed flies than healthy plants, but recently it has been shown that this is due to the production of attracting kairomones by bacteria acting on the plant body. revealed. The present inventor isolated and identified an attractant kairomone from the ground onion fly juice that is being denatured by the action of bacteria, and developed an attractant for onion fly, seed fly, and other pests of the genus Fillemia by using this attractant kairomone. I was able to complete it. The purpose of the present invention is to attract male and female adults or larvae of onion flies, seed flies, and other pests of the genus Fillemia.
By capturing these pests and knowing the density of their occurrence, this not only helps in predicting the occurrence of these pests, but also
It is an object of the present invention to provide an attractant for pests of the genus Hieremia, which can reduce damage caused by these pests or control them by mass-killing them, and which does not cause fluctuations in attracting power. To achieve the above object, according to the attractant of the present invention, the attractant is selected from the group of acids propionic acid, n-butyric acid, iso-butyric acid, n-valeric acid, iso-valeric acid and isocaproic acid. 2-phenylethanol. Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained in detail. The above-mentioned attractant used in the present invention is extracted from the ground onion juice as follows. That is, after vacuum steam distillation of the left-ground onion juice, which has a strong attraction, the distillate is extracted with ether, and this is fractionated into acidic and neutral fractions by a conventional method.
- Extracting phenylethanol and extracting the acids propionic, n-butyric, iso-butyric, n-valeric, iso-valeric and isocaproic from the acidic fraction. All of these acid attractants have strong attraction, but the attraction of n-valeric acid is particularly excellent, and the coexistence of 2-phenylethanol with these makes it even more attractive. exhibit power. The attractant of the present invention contains an acid attractant alone or as a mixture, or in combination with 2-phenylethanol,
It may be dissolved in a solvent such as water, hexane, or ether. Preferably, the attractant of the present invention is
The acids include 2-phenylethanol, or more preferably, the acids include n-valeric acid and 2-phenylethanol. The attractant of the present invention may be encapsulated in a plastic capsule, or may be contained in rubber, synthetic resin, sand, silica gel,
It is used by adsorbing it on cellulose powder, other powders, or granular carriers. An example of attracting and capturing using the attractant of the present invention is to place a solvent, a powder, or an appropriate molded article coated or impregnated with these on a vat containing water or other liquid, or on an appropriate By placing the object on or near an object coated with a sticky substance, onion flies, seed flies, etc. are attracted by the attractant of the present invention and fall into the vat, or are captured by the sticky substance and die. According to the above-mentioned attractant of the present invention, onion fly,
Not only can it strongly attract pests of the genus Fillemia (male and female adults and larvae) such as seed flies, but if the concentration and composition of the attractant are set at a desired constant value, the attracting force will not fluctuate. It can also be used as a standard attractant and can be used to investigate and compare outbreaks across the country. Furthermore, unlike sex pheromones, the attractant of the present invention can also capture a large number of female adults, so it is possible to directly reduce damage by mass-killing, and is useful for controlling important pests such as onion fly and seed fly. This contributes greatly, and it is also possible to control the closely related species, the Japanese radish fly and the Japanese radish fly. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples. Example 1 An attractive force test was conducted on each acid (0.05% aqueous solution) having the general formula C _o H _2o+1 COOH (n=2 to 6).
The results are shown in Table 1. This attraction test was conducted as follows. First, using the fly trap shown in the figure, put the above-mentioned attractant of the present invention into the shear tray 1 shown in Fig. 1 in a frame test field in the Hokkaido Agricultural Experiment Station, No. 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo City, and place the net-like lid 2 on it. administer. When this attraction source is installed under the transparent acrylic trap 3, the attractant of the present invention in the shear tray 1 will diffuse into the atmosphere at a moderate rate, and therefore male and female onion flies, seed flies, etc. will be attracted to the bottom of the trap 3. When they take off, they pass through the hole 4 and are captured in the trap 3 by phototaxis. In Table 1, the numbers are the total number of catches in one day (from 3:00 pm to 9:00 am the next morning) from 5 traps, and
ns indicates no significant difference from control.

[Table] As can be seen from Table 1, among the acids tested, n-
Attractivity is observed for all acids except caproic acid and n-heptanoic acid. Table 3 also shows that although the attraction to onion flies is not so strong, the attraction to seed flies is relatively strong. Example 2 0.2% of 2-phenylethanol was added to an aqueous solution of the attractant of the present invention containing 0.05% of the various acids listed in Table 2.
% was added, and the argument increase ratio was measured. The ratio X in Table 2 is the value of X=2-phenylethanol+acid attraction factor/2-phenylethanol attraction factor, and is an evaluation value based on 5 traps.

[Table] *Statistically significant As can be seen from Table 2, it was observed that the attraction force significantly increased by adding 2-phenylethanol to the acid. In particular, n-valeric acid has a high synergistic effect and reduces the number of onion flies and seed flies caught.
Increased from 2.3 times to 4.3 times. Although increases may also be observed in other acids. It is judged that n-valeric acid is the best. Example 3 A test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 to add a fixed amount of 0.2% of 2-phenylethanol to the step change of n-valeric acid, that is, to detect the optimal concentration of n-valeric acid, and the results are shown in Table 3. It was shown to. In Table 1, Phe represents 2-phenylethanol, Val represents n-valeric acid, and the numbers represent the total number of traps captured in one day (from 3:00 pm to 9:00 am the next morning).

[Table] As can be seen from Table 3, it is determined that 0.05% is the best overall concentration of n-valeric acid that changes in stages. However, 1.25% against seed flies
However, there was considerable capture, whereas 2-phenylethanol was determined at 0.2%, indicating that it has a reinforcing effect over a fairly wide range of varying concentrations of n-valeric acid. Example 4 An attractive force comparison test of a mixture of n-valeric acid and 2-phenylethanol, a single substance of n-valeric acid, and ground onion juice was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 4. Indicated. In Table 4, Phe and
Each concentration of Val is the same as in Table 3, and the ground onion juice left standing is the same as in Table 2, and I indicates the total of 4 traps and the number of catches per day.

[Table] As is obvious from Table 4, 0.05% n-valeric acid contains 0.2
The mixture of % phenylethanol has several times stronger attraction than n-valeric acid alone, and also attracts onion flies 2.6 to 5.0 times more to females and 1.8 to 4.5 times more to males than n-valeric acid alone. , In the case of seed flies, females attracted 5.7 times to 14.0 times more, and males attracted 6.5 to 7.4 times more.
It has very good attracting power. In Table 4, the first fly capture state is shown in zones A, B, C, and E in the attached reference photo [1]. As described above, in the present invention, it has been found that using n-valeric acid alone or as a mixture of n-valeric acid and 2-phenylethanol exhibits a stronger attraction to onion flies and seed flies. It can be seen that other acids exhibit considerable attractive power when mixed in the same way. The present invention is arranged as shown in the figure, and by installing it in an onion fly field, adult male and female insects living around the trap are attracted to the trap and captured, thereby reducing the density of onion flies, seed flies, etc. It is a very useful attractant for practical purposes, as it not only allows you to know what is going on, but also allows you to control pests and reduce damage by attracting large amounts of insects. Furthermore, the present invention is also effective against important pests belonging to the genus Hieremia, such as the Japanese radish fly and the Japanese radish fly, in the same manner as described above.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

(1) The figure shows a fly trap for using the attractant of the present invention. 1... Shear, 2... Lid, 3... Trap, 4... Hole. (2) Reference photo [I] shows the state of fly capture.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. As an attractant, one or more mixtures selected from the group of acids propionic acid, n-butyric acid, iso-butyric acid, n-valeric acid, iso-valeric acid and isocaproic acid. An attractant for pests belonging to the genus Fillemia, characterized by containing the following. 2. The attractant according to claim 1, which contains n-valeric acid alone as the attractant. 3. As an attractant, 2-phenylethanol is added to a mixture of one or more acids selected from the group of acids propionic acid, n-butyric acid, iso-butyric acid, n-valeric acid, iso-valeric acid and isocaproic acid. An attractant for pests belonging to the genus Fillemia, characterized by containing a combination of the following. 4. The attractant according to claim 3, which contains a combination of n-valeric acid and 2-phenylethanol as the attractant.