JP7509830B2 - 腫瘍免疫寛容を破綻させるためのyapの阻害方法 - Google Patents
腫瘍免疫寛容を破綻させるためのyapの阻害方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005747 tumor angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000717 tumor promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- SPDZFJLQFWSJGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N uredepa Chemical compound C1CN1P(=O)(NC(=O)OCC)N1CC1 SPDZFJLQFWSJGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006929 uredepa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- AQTQHPDCURKLKT-JKDPCDLQSA-N vincristine sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C=O)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 AQTQHPDCURKLKT-JKDPCDLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002110 vincristine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004355 vindesine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N vindesine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(N)=O)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1N=C1[C]2C=CC=C1 UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005212 vindesine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000922 vinflunine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NMDYYWFGPIMTKO-HBVLKOHWSA-N vinflunine Chemical compound C([C@@](C1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2N1)C1)(C2=C(OC)C=C3N(C)[C@@H]4[C@@]5(C3=C2)CCN2CC=C[C@]([C@@H]52)([C@H]([C@]4(O)C(=O)OC)OC(C)=O)CC)C(=O)OC)[C@H]2C[C@@H](C(C)(F)F)CN1C2 NMDYYWFGPIMTKO-HBVLKOHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002166 vinorelbine tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GBABOYUKABKIAF-IWWDSPBFSA-N vinorelbinetartrate Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC(C23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-IWWDSPBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001771 vorozole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLMPPFTZALNBFS-INIZCTEOSA-N vorozole Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C2=CC=C3N=NN(C3=C2)C)N2N=CN=C2)=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 XLMPPFTZALNBFS-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 1
- DVPVGSLIUJPOCJ-XXRQFBABSA-N x1j761618a Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(=O)CN(C)C)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21.C([C@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(=O)CN(C)C)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 DVPVGSLIUJPOCJ-XXRQFBABSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003017 zeniplatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Description
本願は、2015年2月12日に出願された「Inhibition of YAP for Breaking Tumor Immune Tolerance」という名称の米国仮出願第62/115,414号に対して、米国特許法第119条(e)に基づく優先権の恩典を主張する国際特許出願であり、前記米国仮出願は参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
本発明はがん治療の分野に関係する。特に本発明は、がん免疫治療に関する。
調節性T細胞(Treg)は、免疫細胞の自己寛容およびホメオスタシスの維持に決定的な役割を果たしている。同時にTregは、腫瘍に対する効果的な免疫応答の発生にとっての障壁でもある。Tregの枯渇は、がんに対する有望な治療アプローチになっており、数種類のがんにおいて、Treg浸潤の程度は患者生存の予後と相関する。Foxp3はTreg中で発現するカノニカルな転写因子であるが、Tregの抑制能を課すには、Foxp3発現だけでは十分でない。Foxp3はその抑制機能を媒介するために他のコファクターと会合する必要があることが示唆されている。当技術分野では、がんに対する免疫トレランスを引き起こす抑制のキー媒介因子を同定し、それを標的とすることが、引き続いて必要とされている。それゆえに、Treg調整に基づいてがんを処置するための新しい治療戦略には、まだ満たされていないニーズがある。
特に言明した場合または文脈から自明である場合を除き、本明細書において使用する用語「約」は、当技術分野における普通公差の範囲内、例えば平均の2標準偏差以内と理解される。「約」は、言明した値の10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%、または0.01%以内と理解することができる。文脈からそうでないことが明らかである場合を除き、本明細書に掲載する数値はすべて、用語「約」によって修飾される。
YAP阻害剤と免疫治療剤とを対象に投与する工程を含む、対象におけるがんを処置する方法。
[本発明1002]
YAP阻害剤がベルテポルフィンである、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
YAP阻害剤がスタチン薬である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1004]
YAP阻害剤がシンバスタチンである、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1005]
免疫治療剤が免疫チェックポイント阻害剤である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1006]
免疫治療剤が抗PD-1抗体である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1007]
免疫治療剤が抗腫瘍ワクチンである、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1008]
免疫治療剤がGVAX抗腫瘍ワクチンである、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1009]
免疫治療剤が、GVAX肺がん(GVAX lung)、GVAX膵がん(GVAX pancreas)、GVAX白血病(GVAX leukemia)、GVAX乳がん(GVAX breast)、GVAX肉腫(GVAX sarcoma)、GVAXメラノーマ(GVAX melanoma)、およびGVAX腎細胞癌(GVAX renal cell carcinoma)からなる群より選択される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1010]
前記阻害剤および前記剤が互いに1ヶ月以内に投与される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1011]
前記阻害剤および前記剤が互いに1週間以内に投与される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1012]
前記阻害剤および前記剤が互いに2日以内に投与される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1013]
YAP阻害剤と免疫治療剤とを含む、治療組成物。
[本発明1014]
YAP阻害剤がベルテポルフィンである、本発明1013の治療組成物。
[本発明1015]
YAP阻害剤がスタチン薬である、本発明1013の治療組成物。
[本発明1016]
YAP阻害剤がシンバスタチンである、本発明1013の治療組成物。
[本発明1017]
免疫治療剤が免疫チェックポイント阻害剤である、本発明1013の治療組成物。
[本発明1018]
免疫治療剤が抗PD-1抗体である、本発明1013の治療組成物。
[本発明1019]
免疫治療剤が抗腫瘍ワクチンである、本発明1013の治療組成物。
[本発明1020]
免疫治療剤がGVAX抗腫瘍ワクチンである、本発明1013の治療組成物。
[本発明1021]
免疫治療剤が、GVAX肺がん、GVAX膵がん、GVAX白血病、GVAX乳がん、GVAX肉腫、GVAXメラノーマ、およびGVAX腎細胞癌からなる群より選択される、本発明1013の治療組成物。
[本発明1022]
免疫治療剤がペプチドワクチンである、本発明1013の治療組成物。
[本発明1023]
YAP阻害剤が、YAPの一部分またはTEADの一部分を含むペプチド阻害剤である、本発明1013の治療組成物。
[本発明1024]
YAP阻害剤と免疫治療剤とを含む、対象におけるがんを処置するためのキット。
[本発明1025]
YAP阻害剤がベルテポルフィンである、本発明1024のキット。
[本発明1026]
YAP阻害剤がスタチン薬である、本発明1024のキット。
[本発明1027]
YAP阻害剤がシンバスタチンである、本発明1024のキット。
[本発明1028]
免疫治療剤が免疫チェックポイント阻害剤である、本発明1024のキット。
[本発明1029]
免疫治療剤が抗PD-1抗体である、本発明1024のキット。
[本発明1030]
免疫治療剤が抗腫瘍ワクチンである、本発明1024のキット。
[本発明1031]
免疫治療剤がGVAX抗腫瘍ワクチンである、本発明1024のキット。
[本発明1032]
免疫治療剤が、GVAX肺がん、GVAX膵がん、GVAX白血病、GVAX乳がん、GVAX肉腫、GVAXメラノーマ、およびGVAX腎細胞癌からなる群より選択される、本発明1024のキット。
[本発明1033]
免疫治療剤がペプチドワクチンである、本発明1024のキット。
[本発明1034]
YAP阻害剤が、YAPの一部分またはTEADの一部分を含むペプチド阻害剤である、本発明1024のキット。
本発明の他の特徴および利点は、その好ましい態様の以下の説明および特許請求の範囲から、明白になるであろう。別段の定義がある場合を除き、本明細書において使用する技術用語および科学用語はすべて、本発明が属する技術分野における通常の技能を有する者に共通して理解されているものと同じ意味を有する。本発明の実施または試験では、本明細書に記載するものと類似するまたは等価な方法および材料を使用することができるが、適切な方法および材料を以下に記載する。本明細書において言及する公開された外国特許および特許出願はすべて、参照により、本明細書に組み入れられる。本明細書において言及するアクセッション番号によって示されるGenbankおよびNCBI提出物は、参照により、本明細書に組み入れられる。本明細書において言及する他の公表済み参考文献、文書、原稿および科学文献は、参照により、本明細書に組み入れられる。矛盾が生じた場合は、定義を含めて本明細書が優先される。さらにまた、材料、方法および実施例は、例示に過ぎず、限定を意図していない。
本発明は、少なくとも部分的には、Treg細胞の機能、活性、または増殖を調整するためにYes関連タンパク質(YAP)シグナリングを標的とすることによって、がんを処置する方法の開発に基づく。以下に詳述するように、YAPシグナリングの阻害は腫瘍の成長を抑制した。さらにまた、本明細書において述べるように、YAPシグナリングの阻害は、それを細胞ベースの抗腫瘍ワクチンと併用した場合に、同ワクチンの有効性を改良した。
本発明者らは、がんを処置するための方法および製品を開発した。本方法は、免疫寛容を破綻させ、対象が頑強な抗腫瘍免疫応答を開始することを可能にする。腫瘍成長の強い抑制を生じさせるために、作用物質を併用する。
調節性T細胞(Treg)は、免疫系を調整し、自己抗原に対する寛容を維持し、自己免疫疾患を抑止するT細胞の亜集団である。これらの細胞は一般に、エフェクターT細胞の誘導および増殖を抑制しまたはダウンレギュレートする。Treg17細胞と呼ばれる新たな調節性T細胞が最近同定された。マウスモデルにより、Tregの調整は、自己免疫疾患およびがんを処置することができ、臓器移植を容易にしうることが示唆されている。
FOXP3(フォークヘッドボックスP3)は、スカルフィンとしても公知であり、免疫系応答に関与するタンパク質である。FOXタンパク質ファミリーのメンバーであるFOXP3は、調節性T細胞の発生および機能においてマスター調節因子(転写因子)として機能するようである。調節性T細胞は一般に免疫応答を低下させる。がんでは、過剰な調節性T細胞活性によって、免疫系によるがん細胞の破壊が妨げられる場合がある。自己免疫疾患では、調節性T細胞の欠損が、他の自己免疫細胞によるその身体自身の組織への攻撃を可能にしうる。
Hippoシグナリング経路は、Salvador/Warts/Hippo(SWH)経路としても公知であり、細胞の増殖およびアポトーシスの調節によって、動物における臓器サイズを制御している。この経路は、そのキーシグナリング構成要素の一つ、すなわちプロテインキナーゼHippo(Hpo)からその名がとられている。この遺伝子中の突然変異は、組織の過剰成長、すなわち「ヒポポタマス(hippopotamus)」様表現型につながる。
YAP1(Yes関連タンパク質1)は、YAPまたはYAP65としても公知であり、最初は、YesおよびSrcタンパク質チロシンキナーゼのSH3ドメインと会合するその能力によって同定された。YAP1は、さまざまなヒトがんにおいて増幅される強力ながん遺伝子であり、これは、Hippo腫瘍サプレッサー経路の2つの主要エフェクターのうちの一方である。
Tregは、潜在的な致死的自己指向性(自己免疫)応答または通常は無害な常在微生物に対して開始される過剰応答(IBD)を制限するために不可欠である(Sakaguchi, S., et al., Cell, 2008. 133:775-87)。しかしがん患者では、腫瘍内でも、患者全体にわたって全身性にも、Tregが著しく富化している場合がある(Miller, A.M., et al., J Immunol, 2006. 177:7398-405)。この状況では、これらの細胞の抑制機能が腫瘍指向性免疫の有効性を弱め、効果的な抗がん免疫治療の開発にとって大きな支障になる(Klages, K., et al., Cancer Res, 2010. 70:7788-99)。本明細書に記載する発明以前は、Tregが機能する正確な機序と、これらの重要な細胞が多様な微小環境要因とどのように協調するかの把握とが不完全であった。
スタチン(すなわちHMG-CoAレダクターゼ阻害剤)は、コレステロールの生産に中心的役割を果たす酵素HMG-CoAレダクターゼを阻害する一群のコレステロール降下薬である。スタチンは、メバロン酸経路に最初に関与する酵素HMG-CoAレダクターゼを競合的に阻害することによって作用する。スタチンは構造が分子レベルでHMG-CoAに似ているので、酵素の活性部位にフィットして、本来の基質(HMG-CoA)と競合する。この競合は、最終的にはコレステロールを生産するこのカスケードにおける次の分子であるメバロン酸をHMG-CoAレダクターゼが生産することのできる速度を低減する。スタチンは、がんのリスクの低減と関連付けられている。スタチンは、食道がん、結腸直腸がん、胃がん、肝細胞癌、そしておそらくは前立腺がんのリスクを低減しうる。
がんは、身体の他の部分に侵入または伝播する潜在能力を持つ異常な細胞生育を伴う大きな疾患ファミリーである。がんは、新生物のサブセットを形成する。新生物または腫瘍は、調節を受けない成長を起こす一群の細胞であって、腫瘤またはしこりを形成することが多いが、散在性に分布することもある。がんの6つの特徴が提唱されている。すなわち、成長シグナリングの自給自足、抗成長シグナルに対する非感受性、アポトーシスの回避、無限の複製能を可能にすること、血管新生の誘導および持続、ならびに組織の転移浸潤の活性化である。正常細胞から、識別可能な腫瘤を形成することができる細胞、ないしあからさまながんへの進行は、悪性進行として公知の複数の段階を必要とする。
がん細胞-間質細胞ネットワークに関連する疾患、障害または状態を処置する方法が、ここに提供される。本明細書に記載する組成物は、がん細胞由来の形質膜でコーティングされたナノ粒子に免疫系を曝露することによって、がん細胞に対する免疫応答を刺激し、活性化するために使用される。さらにまた、がん細胞由来の形質膜でコーティングされたナノ粒子に免疫系を事前に曝露することは、当該タイプのがんに対するワクチン接種として作用する。
いくつかの態様において、本発明は、免疫治療に基づいてがんを処置する方法を提供する。免疫治療は、免疫応答を誘導し、強化し、または抑制することによる疾患の処置である。免疫応答を引き出しまたは増幅するように設計された免疫治療は活性化免疫治療として分類され、一方、低減または抑制する免疫治療は抑制免疫治療として分類される。
本発明の組成物は、薬学的複合製剤において、または併用治療としての投与レジメンにおいて、抗過剰増殖特性を持つ第2化合物または過剰増殖性障害(例えばがん)を処置するために有用な第2化合物と組み合わせることができる。薬学的複合製剤または投与レジメンの第2化合物は、好ましくは、互いに有害な影響を及ぼさないように、本発明の化合物にとって相補的な活性を有する。そのような分子は、意図した目的にとって有効な量で組み合わせされて、適切に存在する。
一定の態様において、本発明は、本発明において使用される作用物質を含む薬学的組成物を提供する。作用物質は適切に製剤化して、そのような送達のために認識されている任意の手段によって、対象または細胞の環境に導入することができる。
マウス系統
C57/BL6 Yap f/fマウスはDuojia Pan博士のご厚意により寄贈された。C57/BL6 CD4-creおよびFoxp3-CreマウスはJackson Laboratoryから購入した。動物実験はすべてジョンズ・ホプキンズ動物実験指針(Johns Hopkins Animal Care and Use Policy)に従って行われた。
ナイーブCD4+ T細胞(CD4+ CD25- CD62LHi)をFACS Aria高速ソーターで選別した。選別された細胞を、プレート結合型aCD3(10ug/ml)および可溶性aCD28(2ug/ml)により、24ウェルプレート中、以下の偏向条件で活性化した:Th1(IL-12(10ng/ml)、aIL-4(10ug/ml)、Th2(IL-4(10ng/ml)、aIFN-g(10ug/ml)、aIL-12(10ug/ml)、Th17(IL-6(10ng/ml)、TGF-b1(1.25ng/ml)、IL-23(10ng/ml)、IL-1b(10ng/ml)、aIFN-g(10ug/ml)、aIL-4(10ug/ml)、Treg(TGFb1(5ng/ml)、IL-2(100IU/ml)。
0.1×106個のWTナイーブCD4+ T細胞をCFSEで標識し、96ウェルボトムプレート中、aCD3/aCD28コンジュゲートビーズと共に、1:1の細胞対ビーズ比で培養した。連続希釈したTreg細胞(CD4+ CD25Hi)を72時間にわたって共培養し、CFSEにより、細胞増殖をフローサイトメトリーで測定した。
YAP+/+; Foxp3-Cre-YFP+野生型(WT)およびYAP flox/flox(f/f); Foxp3-cre-YFP+マウス(YAP cKO)(n=5/群)から脾臓および末梢リンパ節を収穫した。CD4+ T細胞を磁気により濃縮し、ナイーブ(CD4+ CD62L+ YFP-)細胞およびナチュラルTreg(nTreg、CD4+ CD62L+/- YFP+)細胞を各群からフロー選別した。活性化条件については、選別されたnTreg細胞をさらに、2ug/mlのプレート被覆αCD3および2ug/mlの可溶性αCD28ならびにTGF-β1(5ng/ml)およびIL-2(100U/ml)で、24時間活性化した。2×106個のナイーブまたはnTreg(刺激なしまたは刺激あり)をWTおよびYAP cKOから収穫し、1×PBSで2回洗浄し、さらなるRNA-seq分析まで、直ちに瞬間凍結しておいた。
野生型もしくはYAP KO ナイーブCD4+ T細胞、または抗CD3/CD28による48時間の刺激ありもしくはなしのYFP-Foxp3+ナチュラルTreg細胞から、TRIZOLによって全RNAを単離した。RNA量はBioanalyzerでモニタリングした。TruSeq Stranded Total RNA LT Sample Prep Kit(with Ribo-Zero Gold、RS-122-2301、Illumina)を使用し、製造者のプロトコールに従って、322ngの全RNAから、鎖特異的RNA-seqライブラリーを調製した。簡単に述べると、Ribo-Zero rRNA除去ビーズと組み合わせたビオチン化標的特異的オリゴを使って、細胞質およびミトコンドリアの両方のリボソームRNA(rRNA)を枯渇させた。精製後に、高温下で二価カチオンを使って、RNAを小さな断片にフラグメント化し、それらを、逆転写酵素およびランダムプライマーを使って第1鎖cDNAに転写し、次に、DNAポリメラーゼIおよびRNase Hを使って第2鎖cDNA合成を行った。これらのcDNAフラグメントには一つの「A」塩基が付加され、次いでそれをアダプターとライゲーションさせた。生成物を12サイクルのPCRで富化した。30ul ddH2O中の最終cDNAライブラリーの濃度は、Qubit 2.0で決定したところ、24~27ng/ulに達した。
細胞外染色の場合は、収穫した細胞を洗浄し、U底96ウェルプレート中、下記の蛍光色素コンジュゲート抗体を含有する1%FBS含有PBSでインキュベートした。細胞内サイトカイン染色の場合は、収穫した細胞を、Golg-Plug(BD Biosciences)の存在下、PMAおよびイオノマイシン中で再刺激した。5時間のインキュベーション後に細胞を固定/透過処理し(eBioscience)、抗体と共にインキュベートした。IFN-g PE、IFN-g APC、IL-13 PE、IL-17 APC(BD Bioscience)、IL-2 APC(BD Pharmingen)、Foxp3 PE(eBioscience)。細胞増殖には、Cell Trace CFSE細胞増殖キット(Invitrogen)を製造者のマニュアルどおりに使用した。
Trizol(Invitrogen)を使ってRNAを抽出し、次に、20ul反応系/ウェルで、SuperScript III(Invitrogen)を使ってcDNA合成反応を行った。各cDNA合成反応には、NanoDrop分光測光器(ThermoScientific)による測定で、同量のRNAを使用した。各遺伝子の転写産物レベルを評価するために、SYBR Green(Pierce)および表示のプライマーを使用するリアルタイムPCR分析用に、一試料あたり同じ体積のcDNAを調製した。
B16メラノーマ細胞を、DMEM+10%熱非働化ウシ胎児血清中でインビトロ培養し、トリプシン処理によって剥離し、洗浄してから、C57BL/6マウス(NCI)の足蹠にs.c.注射した。1~5×104個のB16メラノーマ細胞を各マウスの足蹠に注射した。場合によっては、105個のB16細胞を注射した。腫瘍が触知可能になったら(7~10日)、致死的照射(150Gy)を行った1×106個のB16 GMワクチン細胞100mlを、対側肢に皮下注射した。これらの実験はいずれも、1群あたり5~10匹のマウスを使用した。遮断抗PD-1抗体(クローンG4)を発現するハイブリドーマ細胞株は、Charles Drake博士(JHH)から入手した。腫瘍が触知可能になったら(7~10日)、ワクチンおよびベルテポルフィン(USP、カタログ番号USP-1711461)処置と合わせて、100μg/マウス/注射の抗PD-1(G4)を、週に2回、腹腔内注射した。ベルテポルフィンは2mg/マウスをPBSで200μlに希釈して投与し、2日ごとに腹腔内注射した。実験全体を通して腫瘍体積はデジタルカリパスで決定した。式:長さ(mm)×幅(mm)×高さ(mm)×0.5326×0.01によって、相対的腫瘍体積を算出した。苦痛が少ないようにマウスを安楽死させ、2,000rpmで20分間のパーコール遠心分離(40%/80%勾配)によってTILを単離した。細胞内フローサイトメトリーによってサイトカインおよびFoxp3を測定した。
YAPは、Hippoシグナリング経路におけるその役割で知られる転写コアクチベーターである。よってYAPは、腫瘍形成および臓器サイズ決定において重要である。しかし、本明細書に記載する発明以前は、免疫細胞におけるHippo経路およびYAPの役割について、ほとんどわかっていなかった。Hippo経路とTGF-βシグナリングとの間のクロストークの報告は、前者の要素が、免疫の活性化および寛容を支配する機序において、何らかの役割を有しうるという推測につながった。
TregサブセットではYap発現が著しくアップレギュレートされていたので、その機能的役割をさらに調べることにした。Tregを含むCD4+ T細胞の生物学におけるYAPの潜在的役割を詳細に調べるために、YAPfl/flマウスをCD4-creトランスジェニックと交配することで、T細胞特異的YAP欠失を持つマウスを作出した。これらのコンディショナルノックアウトマウスは、T細胞発生または末梢免疫細胞集団にはあからさまな欠損を伴わずに、正常に発生した(図6Aおよび図6B)。コンディショナルノックアウトYap f/f;CD4-cre(YAP cKO)および野生型(WT)マウスからナイーブCD4+ T細胞を単離し、さまざまなヘルパーCD4+ T細胞(Th)偏向条件下で72時間活性化した。Th0条件下では、YAP cKO CD4+ T細胞の方が高レベルのIL-2およびIFN-γを発現する(図2A)。また、YAP cKO CD4+ T細胞は、Th17偏向条件下で、WT CD4+ T細胞より多量のIL-17Aを発現し(図2B)、これと整合して、Yap cKO CD4+ T細胞は、WT細胞より高レベルのil17a mRNAを発現した(図2C)。Th17条件下で培養したYAP cKO由来T細胞では、Foxp3+細胞のあまり大きくない減少が、見られた(図2B)。これと、YAPがiTregにおいてアップレギュレートされるという発見とにより、YAP欠損はインビトロでiTregの生成に負の影響を及ぼすかもしれないことが示唆された。
Tregは免疫ホメオスタシスの維持にとって必要であるが、それらは、効果的な抗腫瘍免疫応答の開始にとって支障になり、それらの抑制機能は、抗がん免疫治療の効力を弱める。Tregは腫瘍進行において重要な役割を果たす[14]。Yap cKO Tregによる抑制の喪失が抗腫瘍免疫応答を強化できるかどうかを調べた。これらの理由から、Treg活性を阻害することを目指す治療は、がん免疫治療の選択肢を増やす有望な治療である(Klages, K., et al., Cancer Res, 2010. 70:7788-99)。YAP非存在下での抑制機能の明らかな喪失は、抗腫瘍免疫応答を強化することができるだろう。これを検証するために、WTおよびYAP cKOマウスに、攻撃的な「非免疫原性」腫瘍であるB16メラノーマをチャレンジし、それらの腫瘍成長曲線を21日目まで追跡した。際だったことに、YAP cKOマウスは、攻撃的で免疫原性の低いB16メラノーマの皮下成長を抑え込んだ(図3A~3B)。本明細書に記載するインビトロでの知見と合致して、腫瘍浸潤CD4+T細胞でのFoxp3発現は、WTマウスとYap cKOマウスとの間で同等だった。これに対し、YAP cKOマウスからのCD4+およびCD8+腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)は、腫瘍内免疫応答の制限が少ないことを示す有意に高レベルのIFN-γおよびTNF-αを発現する(図3C)。これらの結果は、T細胞中にYAPが存在しない場合、より頑強な抗腫瘍免疫応答が開始されることを示唆している。Treg限定的YAP欠損を持つマウスの腫瘍チャレンジも類似する結果を与えた。野生型対照が頑強な腫瘍成長を許したのに対し、Foxp3Cre+/YAPfl/flマウスは、より多くの炎症性サイトカイン生産白血球が浸潤した小さな腫瘍を維持した(図3D~3E)。これらの実験は、免疫原性の低いがんにおける、Tregが強いる内在性抗腫瘍免疫の阻害の駆動因子(driver)としての、YAPの役割を強く主張している。
本明細書に記載した本発明の具体的態様の数多くの等価物は、当業者にはわかるか、日常的な実験を用いるだけで確かめることができるであろう。そのような等価物は、後述の特許請求の範囲に包含されるものとする。
本発明を、その詳細な説明と共に説明し終えたが、上記の説明は、本願請求項の範囲によって規定される本発明の範囲を例示しようとするものであって、限定しようとするものではない。他の局面、利点、および改変も、添付の請求の範囲内にある。
Claims (1)
- YAP阻害剤と抗PD-1抗体とを対象に投与する工程を含む対象におけるメラノーマを処置する方法に使用するための、YAP阻害剤と抗PD-1抗体とを含む、薬学的組成物であって、
該YAP阻害剤がベルテポルフィンである、薬学的組成物。
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KR20170085619A (ko) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-25 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | Alk 저해제에 대한 내성을 획득한 eml4-alk 양성 비소세포폐암의 치료를 위한 스타틴계 약물의 용도 |
KR102434879B1 (ko) | 2016-05-26 | 2022-08-22 | 유니버시티 오브 피츠버그 - 오브 더 커먼웰쓰 시스템 오브 하이어 에듀케이션 | 폐혈관 질환 치료용 조성물 및 방법 |
WO2018085275A1 (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-05-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Targeting lats1/2 and the hippo intracellular signaling pathway for cancer immunotherapy |
JP6886278B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-01 | 2021-06-16 | 学校法人慶應義塾 | 抗癌剤 |
WO2018119418A1 (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2018-06-28 | Nivien Therapeutics Company | Methods relating to the treatment of chemoresistant and immuno-resistant cancer |
WO2018132516A1 (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2018-07-19 | Nodus Therapeutics | Combination tumor treatment with an integrin-binding-fc fusion protein and immune modulator |
JP7394463B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-22 | 2023-12-08 | ユニバーシティ オブ ピッツバーグ -オブ ザ コモンウェルス システム オブ ハイヤー エデュケイション | Yap1/wwrt1阻害組成物およびgls1阻害組成物を投与するための組成物および方法 |
US11360080B2 (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2022-06-14 | National Health Research Institutes | AhR-ROR-γt complex as a biomarker and therapeutic target for autoimmune disease and IL-17A-associated disease |
AU2020216444A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2021-07-29 | Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Modulators of YAP1 expression |
US20200323905A1 (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2020-10-15 | Trustees Of Boston University | Methods and compositions for modulating the immune system |
US20210338265A1 (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Ethicon, Inc. | Methods and devices for delivering cancer therapy to a target tissue site via a cored tissue cavity |
JP7514508B2 (ja) | 2020-05-19 | 2024-07-11 | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | 胆道がん治療薬 |
CN113456633A (zh) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-10-01 | 广西医科大学 | 红海海绵素a在制备抗肺癌侵袭转移药物中的应用 |
CN118105483A (zh) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-05-31 | 济宁医学院附属医院 | Ox40激活抗体和抗血管生成剂在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用 |
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CA2663521A1 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2008-07-17 | The Johns Hopkins University | Combinatorial therapy of cancer and infectious diseases with anti-b7-h1 antibodies |
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WO2013188138A1 (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2013-12-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Inhibitors of hippo-yap signaling pathway |
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CA2976377A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
AU2016219161A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
JP7186196B2 (ja) | 2022-12-08 |
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AU2021203851B2 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
WO2016130889A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
AU2021203851A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
EP3256123A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
EP3256123B1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
JP2018505223A (ja) | 2018-02-22 |
CN107635582A (zh) | 2018-01-26 |
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JP2020164539A (ja) | 2020-10-08 |
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