JP7488564B2 - Composting Equipment - Google Patents

Composting Equipment Download PDF

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JP7488564B2
JP7488564B2 JP2020168886A JP2020168886A JP7488564B2 JP 7488564 B2 JP7488564 B2 JP 7488564B2 JP 2020168886 A JP2020168886 A JP 2020168886A JP 2020168886 A JP2020168886 A JP 2020168886A JP 7488564 B2 JP7488564 B2 JP 7488564B2
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drainage
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composting apparatus
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JP2022061110A (en
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洋 内海
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

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Description

本発明は、被処理物を堆肥化処理するための堆肥化装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a composting device for composting materials.

従来、例えば下記の特許文献１に記載された堆肥化装置（有機廃棄物の発酵処理設備）が知られている。 Conventionally, for example, a composting apparatus (organic waste fermentation treatment equipment) is known, as described in Patent Document 1 below.

この従来の堆肥化装置は、例えば２条の溝が形成されたコンクリート床と、このコンクリート床上の被処理物（有機廃棄物）に空気を供給する空気供給手段（給気手段）とを備えている。また、空気供給手段は、コンクリート床の溝内に配設された多孔管と、この多孔管に空気を供給するための送風機とを有している。 This conventional composting device is equipped with a concrete floor with, for example, two grooves, and an air supply means (air supply means) that supplies air to the material to be treated (organic waste) on the concrete floor. The air supply means also includes a perforated pipe disposed in the groove of the concrete floor, and a blower for supplying air to the perforated pipe.

特開２００２－９６０４６号公報JP 2002-96046 A

しかし、上記従来の堆肥化装置では、例えば被処理物が多くの水分を含む場合等においては、被処理物からの水がコンクリート床の溝内に溜まるおそれがある。 However, in the above-mentioned conventional composting apparatus, for example, when the material being treated contains a lot of moisture, there is a risk that water from the material will accumulate in the grooves in the concrete floor.

本発明は、このような点に鑑みなされたもので、被処理物からの水を適切に排出できる堆肥化装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in consideration of these points, and aims to provide a composting device that can properly discharge water from the material being treated.

本発明に係る堆肥化装置は、被処理物を堆肥化処理するための堆肥化装置であって、凹溝を有する床体と、前記床体上の被処理物からの水を排出する排水手段とを備え、前記排水手段は、排水管と、この排水管に設けられた複数の立上管とを有し、前記立上管は、前記凹溝内に向かって開口する排水孔を有するものである。 The composting apparatus according to the present invention is a composting apparatus for composting materials, and is equipped with a bed body having a groove and a drainage means for draining water from the materials on the bed body, the drainage means having a drain pipe and a number of riser pipes attached to the drain pipe, and the riser pipes have drainage holes that open into the groove.

本発明によれば、被処理物からの水を適切に排出できる。 The present invention allows water to be properly discharged from the treated material.

本発明の一実施の形態に係る堆肥化装置の平面図である。FIG. 1 is a plan view of a composting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図１におけるＡ－Ａ断面図である。2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1. 図１におけるＢ－Ｂ断面図である。This is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 同上堆肥化装置の空気供給手段の多孔管体の下面図である。FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the perforated pipe of the air supply means of the composting apparatus. 同上堆肥化装置の排水手段を示す断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the drainage means of the composting apparatus. 同上排水手段の立上管を示す図で、（ａ）は部分斜視図、（ｂ）は部分平面図、（ｃ）は部分断面図である。4A is a partial perspective view of the riser pipe of the drainage means, FIG. 4B is a partial plan view, and FIG. 4C is a partial sectional view. 本発明の他の実施の形態に係る堆肥化装置の排水手段を示す図で、（ａ）は断面図、（ｂ）は斜視図である。13A and 13B are views showing a drainage means of a composting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a cross-sectional view and (b) is a perspective view.

本発明の一実施の形態について図１ないし図６を参照して説明する。なお、図１に示す矢印の方向を前後方向及び左右方向として説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 6. Note that the directions of the arrows shown in Figure 1 will be described as the front-rear and left-right directions.

図中の１は堆肥化装置で、この堆肥化装置１は、好気性微生物による好気性発酵によって被処理物Ｗを堆肥化処理するための装置（設備）である。 In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a composting apparatus. This composting apparatus 1 is a device (facility) for composting the material to be treated W through aerobic fermentation by aerobic microorganisms.

つまり、堆肥化装置１は、有機物を含む有機廃棄物である被処理物Ｗを堆肥化して堆肥（処理済み物）を得るための有機廃棄物発酵処理装置である。なお、被処理物Ｗは、例えば水分を多く含む牛糞（畜糞）におがくず等を加えたものである。 In other words, the composting device 1 is an organic waste fermentation treatment device that composts the material to be treated W, which is organic waste containing organic matter, to obtain compost (treated material). The material to be treated W is, for example, cow dung (livestock manure) containing a lot of moisture to which sawdust and the like have been added.

堆肥化装置１は、左右方向に細長い矩形板状の床体（例えばコンクリート床）２と、この床体２の長手方向両端部にそれぞれ立設された左壁体３及び右壁体４と、床体２の後端部に立設された後壁体５とを備えている。これら床体２、左壁体３、右壁体４及び後壁体５によって、その中で被処理物Ｗの堆肥化処理が行われる前面開口状のコンクリート製の発酵槽６が構成されている。なお、発酵槽６の上方部は、屋根体（図示せず）によって覆われている。 The composting device 1 comprises a floor body (e.g., a concrete floor) 2 in the form of a rectangular plate elongated in the left-right direction, a left wall body 3 and a right wall body 4 erected at both longitudinal ends of the floor body 2, and a rear wall body 5 erected at the rear end of the floor body 2. The floor body 2, the left wall body 3, the right wall body 4, and the rear wall body 5 form a fermentation tank 6 made of concrete with an open front, in which the composting process of the material to be treated W is carried out. The upper part of the fermentation tank 6 is covered by a roof body (not shown).

床体２の前端部における左右方向に等間隔をおいた複数の所定箇所には、屋根体の前端部を支持する前柱体７が立設されている。互いに隣り合う両前柱体７間には、前方に向かって開口する開口部（前面開口部）９が形成されている。そして、この開口部９を介して、被処理物Ｗの発酵槽６への投入及び処理済み後の堆肥の発酵槽６からの外部への取り出しが行われる。 Front columns 7 supporting the front end of the roof are erected at a number of predetermined positions equally spaced left and right at the front end of the floor body 2. An opening (front opening) 9 opening forward is formed between two adjacent front columns 7. The material to be treated W is introduced into the fermentation tank 6 and treated compost is removed from the fermentation tank 6 to the outside through this opening 9.

なお、図１及び図２に示されるように、発酵槽６の床体２は、前柱体７を基準として、左右方向に隣接して並ぶ複数、すなわち例えば同じ大きさの６つのゾーン（「ゾーン１」～「ゾーン６」）に分かれている。 As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the floor 2 of the fermenter 6 is divided into multiple zones ("Zone 1" to "Zone 6") of equal size, arranged adjacently in the left-right direction with the front cylinder 7 as the reference point.

床体２は、上方に向かって開口する前後方向長手状の複数の溝部11と、これら複数の溝部11の後端部が連通され、上方に向かって開口するとともに、床体２の長手方向一端部から長手方向他端部にわたって位置する左右方向長手状の１本の凹溝である共通溝部12とを有している。つまり、床体２は、互いに直交状に連通接続された溝部11及び共通溝部12を有し、この１本の共通溝部12の複数箇所（互いに間隔をおいた複数の接続箇所）から溝部11が前方に向かってそれぞれ延びている。 The floor body 2 has a plurality of longitudinal grooves 11 that open upward and run in the front-rear direction, and a common groove 12 that is a single longitudinal groove that connects the rear ends of the plurality of grooves 11, opens upward, and is located from one longitudinal end of the floor body 2 to the other longitudinal end. In other words, the floor body 2 has grooves 11 and common grooves 12 that are connected perpendicular to each other, and the grooves 11 each extend forward from multiple points (multiple connection points spaced apart from each other) of this single common groove 12.

そして、図１及び図３の矢印で示すように、被処理物Ｗからでた水（水分）は、各溝部11内を流れて共通溝部12内に流入した後、後述する立上管52及び排水管51を経て発酵槽６外の排水桝13に流入し、その後、例えば当該排水桝13に接続された接続管を流れて下水本管に排出される。 As shown by the arrows in Figures 1 and 3, the water (moisture) coming out of the material to be treated W flows through each of the grooves 11 and into the common groove 12, then flows through the riser pipe 52 and the drain pipe 51 (described below) into the drain basin 13 outside the fermenter 6, and then flows through a connecting pipe connected to the drain basin 13, for example, before being discharged into the main sewer pipe.

ここで、各溝部11の内底面である溝底面11aは、下流側（後壁体５側である後側）が低くなるように、水平方向に対して所定の傾斜角度（水勾配）をもって若干傾斜している。また、共通溝部12の内底面である溝底面12aにおける複数箇所（溝部11との複数の接続箇所）には、排水手段20の排水孔53が当該溝底面12aで開口している。このため、各溝部11から流れてきた水は、共通溝部12内で上方に向かって開口した複数個の排水孔53から立上管52内に流下し、その後、排水管51及び排水桝13等を経て、例えば下水本管に排出される。ただし、例えば発酵槽６側からの排水を浄化処理する浄化槽等に排出する構成等でもよい。 Here, the groove bottom surface 11a, which is the inner bottom surface of each groove portion 11, is slightly inclined at a predetermined inclination angle (water gradient) with respect to the horizontal direction so that the downstream side (the rear side, which is the rear wall body 5 side) is lower. In addition, drainage holes 53 of the drainage means 20 open at multiple points (multiple connection points with the groove portion 11) on the groove bottom surface 12a, which is the inner bottom surface of the common groove portion 12. Therefore, the water flowing from each groove portion 11 flows down from the multiple drainage holes 53 opening upward in the common groove portion 12 into the riser pipe 52, and then passes through the drain pipe 51 and the drainage basin 13, etc., and is discharged, for example, into the main sewer pipe. However, it may be configured to discharge wastewater from the fermentation tank 6 side into a septic tank or the like that purifies the wastewater.

なお、各溝部11の溝底面（内底面）11aは、下流側である後側が低くなるように、水平方向に対して所定の傾斜角度（後方への水勾配）をもって若干傾斜した構成には限定されず、例えば下流側である前側が低くなるように、水平方向に対して所定の傾斜角度（前方への水勾配）をもって若干傾斜した構成でもよい。この場合には、それに対応して排水手段20は前側に設ける。 The groove bottom surface (inner bottom surface) 11a of each groove section 11 is not limited to a configuration in which it is slightly inclined at a predetermined angle (water gradient toward the rear) with respect to the horizontal direction so that the downstream side, or rear side, is lower. For example, it may be configured to be slightly inclined at a predetermined angle (water gradient toward the front) with respect to the horizontal direction so that the downstream side, or front side, is lower. In this case, the drainage means 20 is provided at the front side accordingly.

また、堆肥化装置１は、発酵槽６に投入されて床体２上に堆積された被処理物Ｗに空気を供給する複数（例えば６つ）の同一構成の空気供給手段21と、発酵槽６に投入されて床体２上に堆積された被処理物Ｗを撹拌する前後方向及び左右方向に移動可能な撹拌手段22と、発酵槽６に投入されて床体２上に堆積された被処理物Ｗからの水を当該床体２上から発酵槽６外の外部（例えば下水本管等）へ排出する排水手段20とを備えている。 The composting apparatus 1 also includes a plurality of (e.g., six) identical air supply means 21 that supply air to the materials W to be treated that have been introduced into the fermentation tank 6 and piled up on the bed 2, a stirring means 22 that can move in the front-rear and left-right directions and stirs the materials W to be treated that have been introduced into the fermentation tank 6 and piled up on the bed 2, and a drainage means 20 that drains water from the materials W to be treated that have been introduced into the fermentation tank 6 and piled up on the bed 2 from above the bed 2 to the outside of the fermentation tank 6 (e.g., a sewer main pipe, etc.).

撹拌手段22は、所定方向に回転しながら床体２上の被処理物Ｗを撹拌する撹拌回転体23を有するスクリュー式のものである。なお、撹拌手段22は、図示したスクリュー式には限定されず、例えばコンベヤ式等でもよく、その構成は任意である。 The stirring means 22 is of a screw type having a stirring rotor 23 that rotates in a predetermined direction to stir the workpiece W on the bed 2. Note that the stirring means 22 is not limited to the screw type shown in the figure, and may be, for example, a conveyor type, and its configuration is arbitrary.

空気供給手段21は、床体２の溝部11内に配置され、被処理物Ｗに空気を供給する空気供給用の複数の多孔管体26と、これら複数の多孔管体26に空気を供給するための送風機27と、これら多孔管体26と送風機27とを接続する接続管体28とを有している。送風機27は、発酵槽６外の空気（大気中の外気）を取り入れることができるように、発酵槽６の後壁体５の後方側に設けられている。 The air supply means 21 is disposed in the groove 11 of the floor body 2, and has a plurality of porous pipes 26 for supplying air to the workpiece W, a blower 27 for supplying air to the plurality of porous pipes 26, and a connecting pipe 28 for connecting the porous pipes 26 and the blower 27. The blower 27 is provided on the rear side of the rear wall 5 of the fermenter 6 so that it can take in air outside the fermenter 6 (external air in the atmosphere).

ここで、図４に示すように、多孔管体26は、複数の第１孔31aを有する等径状の第１多孔管（例えばＶＰパイプ１００）31と、この第１多孔管31の下流端部に管継手（例えばＶＰソケット１００×７５）34を介して接続され、複数の第２孔32aを有し、第１多孔管31よりも細い等径状の第２多孔管（例えばＶＰパイプ７５）32と、この第２多孔管32の下流端部に管継手（例えばＶＰソケット７５×５０）35を介して接続され、複数の第３孔33aを有し、第２多孔管32よりも細い等径状の第３多孔管（例えばＶＰパイプ５０）33とを有している。 As shown in FIG. 4, the perforated pipe body 26 includes a first perforated pipe (e.g., VP pipe 100) 31 having a plurality of first holes 31a and an equal diameter, a second perforated pipe (e.g., VP pipe 75) 32 having a plurality of second holes 32a and an equal diameter smaller than the first perforated pipe 31, which is connected to the downstream end of the first perforated pipe 31 via a pipe joint (e.g., VP socket 100 x 75) 34, and a third perforated pipe (e.g., VP pipe 50) 33 having a plurality of third holes 33a and an equal diameter smaller than the second perforated pipe 32, which is connected to the downstream end of the second perforated pipe 32 via a pipe joint (e.g., VP socket 75 x 50) 35.

第３多孔管33の下流端部には、この第３多孔管33の下流端側の開口を閉鎖する閉鎖部材であるキャップ36が取り付けられている。キャップ36の下端部は、床体２の溝部11の溝底面11aに当接している。そして、前後方向長手状の多孔管体26と溝部11の溝底面11aとの間には、所定の大きさの隙間40が存在している（図３参照）。なお、３本の多孔管31，32，33を有する多孔管体26は、水平方向に対して所定角度をもって前低後高の傾斜状に若干傾斜している。 A cap 36 is attached to the downstream end of the third perforated pipe 33, which is a closing member that closes the opening on the downstream end side of the third perforated pipe 33. The lower end of the cap 36 abuts against the groove bottom surface 11a of the groove portion 11 of the floor body 2. A gap 40 of a predetermined size exists between the perforated pipe body 26, which is elongated in the front-rear direction, and the groove bottom surface 11a of the groove portion 11 (see Figure 3). The perforated pipe body 26, which has three perforated pipes 31, 32, 33, is slightly inclined at a predetermined angle to the horizontal direction, with the front low and the rear high.

そして、上述のように、各多孔管体26では、第２多孔管32は第１多孔管31よりも細く、かつ、第３多孔管33は第２多孔管32よりも細い。なお、これらパイプ径が異なる３本の多孔管（送風パイプ）31，32，33は、いずれも同じ肉厚の円筒状のパイプである。 As described above, in each porous pipe 26, the second porous pipe 32 is thinner than the first porous pipe 31, and the third porous pipe 33 is thinner than the second porous pipe 32. Note that these three porous pipes (air blower pipes) 31, 32, 33, which have different pipe diameters, are all cylindrical pipes of the same wall thickness.

また、第２多孔管32の軸方向に互いに隣り合う両第２孔32a間の距離（図４中のＰ２）は、第１多孔管31の軸方向に互いに隣り合う両第１孔31a間の距離（図４中のＰ１）よりも短く、かつ、第３多孔管33の軸方向に互いに隣り合う両第３孔33a間の距離（図４中のＰ３）は、第２多孔管32の軸方向に互いに隣り合う両第２孔32a間の距離（図中のＰ２）よりも短い（Ｐ１＞Ｐ２＞Ｐ３）。なお、ピッチである孔間距離（Ｐ１、Ｐ２、Ｐ３）は、各多孔管31，32，33において、図示した如く一定でもよく、また、下流側に向かって減少変化してもよい。 The distance between the two adjacent second holes 32a in the axial direction of the second perforated pipe 32 (P2 in FIG. 4) is shorter than the distance between the two adjacent first holes 31a in the axial direction of the first perforated pipe 31 (P1 in FIG. 4), and the distance between the two adjacent third holes 33a in the axial direction of the third perforated pipe 33 (P3 in FIG. 4) is shorter than the distance between the two adjacent second holes 32a in the axial direction of the second perforated pipe 32 (P1>P2>P3). The hole distance (P1, P2, P3), which is the pitch, may be constant in each of the perforated pipes 31, 32, 33 as shown in the figure, or may decrease toward the downstream side.

そして、この図４に図示した例では、被処理物Ｗに向けて空気を噴射する円形状の空気供給孔である各孔31a，32a，33aの開口寸法（開口径）は、すべて同じである。それゆえ、この図４に示す多孔管体26は、床体２上の被処理物Ｗに対して均一に空気が供給されるように、軸方向の位置に応じて、管太さ、孔間距離及び孔開口寸法のうち少なくともいずれか１つ、すなわち例えば管太さ及び孔間距離の２つが段階的に変化している。 In the example shown in Fig. 4, the opening dimensions (opening diameters) of the holes 31a, 32a, 33a, which are circular air supply holes that inject air toward the workpiece W, are all the same. Therefore, in the perforated pipe body 26 shown in Fig. 4, at least one of the pipe thickness, hole distance, and hole opening dimensions, i.e., for example, two of the pipe thickness and hole distance, changes stepwise depending on the axial position so that air is supplied uniformly to the workpiece W on the bed body 2.

また、各多孔管31，32，33で２列状をなす孔31a，32a，33aは、多孔管31，32，33の下部に左右対をなすように形成されている。多孔管31，32，33の中心を通る鉛直線と、その中心と孔31a，32a，33aとを通る傾斜線とがなす角度は、例えば４５°である。 The holes 31a, 32a, 33a in two rows in each of the perforated pipes 31, 32, 33 are formed in pairs on the left and right sides at the bottom of the perforated pipes 31, 32, 33. The angle between a vertical line passing through the center of the perforated pipes 31, 32, 33 and an inclined line passing through that center and the holes 31a, 32a, 33a is, for example, 45°.

他方、接続管体28は、図４に示すように、床体２の共通溝部12内に位置する接続管（例えば第１多孔管よりも太いパイプであるＶＰパイプ２００）41を有し、この接続管41は、管継手（例えばＶＰチーズ２００×１００）42を介して第１多孔管31の上流端部に接続されている。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the connecting pipe body 28 has a connecting pipe (e.g., a VP pipe 200, which is a pipe thicker than the first perforated pipe) 41 located in the common groove portion 12 of the floor body 2, and this connecting pipe 41 is connected to the upstream end of the first perforated pipe 31 via a pipe fitting (e.g., a VP tee 200 x 100) 42.

また、接続管体28は、発酵槽６外に位置する縦管（例えばＶＰパイプ２００）45を有し、この縦管45の下流端部は、管継手（例えばＶＰエルボ２００）46、横管（例えばＶＰパイプ２００）47及び管継手（例えばＶＰチーズ２００）48を介して共通溝部12内の接続管41に接続されている。縦管45の上流端部は、接続ホース49を介して送風機27に接続されている。なお、送風機27には、この送風機27を制御する制御手段（図示せず）が電気的に接続されている。 The connecting pipe body 28 also has a vertical pipe (e.g., VP pipe 200) 45 located outside the fermenter 6, and the downstream end of this vertical pipe 45 is connected to the connecting pipe 41 in the common groove portion 12 via a pipe joint (e.g., VP elbow 200) 46, a horizontal pipe (e.g., VP pipe 200) 47, and a pipe joint (e.g., VP tee 200) 48. The upstream end of the vertical pipe 45 is connected to the blower 27 via a connecting hose 49. The blower 27 is electrically connected to a control means (not shown) that controls the blower 27.

排水手段20は、図５及び図６に示すように、少なくとも、共通溝部12と平行状となるように床体２の下方に位置する左右方向長手状で円筒状の１本の排水管（埋設排水配管：例えばＶＰパイプ２００）51と、この排水管51の複数箇所に立設され、床体２を貫通した複数の立上管52とを有している。 As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the drainage means 20 has at least one cylindrical drainage pipe (buried drainage piping: for example, VP pipe 200) 51 that is elongated in the left-right direction and located below the floor body 2 so as to be parallel to the common groove portion 12, and multiple riser pipes 52 that are erected at multiple points on this drainage pipe 51 and penetrate the floor body 2.

床下の地中に埋設された排水管51は、その下流端側が発酵槽６外まで延びており、この排水管51の下流端部が排水桝13に接続されている。また、排水管51及び立上管52は、例えば同じ合成樹脂（例えば硬質ポリ塩化ビニル等）からなるものである。そして、図示した例では、両者は互いに別体であるが、一体でもよい。なお、コンクリート製の床体２は、複数の立上管52が固定的に取り付けられた排水管51を地面に敷設した後にコンクリートを打設して設ける。 The downstream end of the drain pipe 51 buried in the ground under the floor extends to the outside of the fermenter 6, and the downstream end of this drain pipe 51 is connected to the drain basin 13. The drain pipe 51 and the riser pipe 52 are made of the same synthetic resin (such as rigid polyvinyl chloride). In the example shown in the figure, the two are separate bodies, but they may be integrated. The concrete floor 2 is installed by pouring concrete after the drain pipe 51 with the multiple riser pipes 52 fixedly attached is laid on the ground.

各立上管52は、凹溝である共通溝部12の溝底面12aにおいて当該共通溝部12内に向かって上方へ開口する小孔状の排水孔53を上面部56に有している。 Each riser pipe 52 has a small drainage hole 53 on the upper surface 56 that opens upward into the common groove portion 12 at the groove bottom surface 12a of the common groove portion 12, which is a concave groove.

つまり、立上管52は、上方に向かって徐々に縮径する円錐台状で下面開口した筒状の管本体部55と、この管本体部55の上端部に一体に設けられ、円形状の排水孔53が中央に形成された円板状の上面部56と、管本体部55の下端部に径方向外方側に向かって突出するように一体に設けられ、排水管51の上部外周面に対応した湾曲板状の取付部57とを有している。そして、取付部57は、排水管51の上部外周面に密着するように接着剤等で固定的に取り付けられている。 In other words, the riser pipe 52 has a cylindrical pipe body 55 that is shaped like a truncated cone and opens downwards, a disk-shaped upper surface 56 that is integral with the upper end of the pipe body 55 and has a circular drain hole 53 formed in the center, and a curved plate-shaped mounting portion 57 that is integral with the lower end of the pipe body 55 and protrudes radially outward, corresponding to the upper outer peripheral surface of the drain pipe 51. The mounting portion 57 is fixedly attached with an adhesive or the like so that it is in close contact with the upper outer peripheral surface of the drain pipe 51.

また、立上管52の円形状の上面部56のうち、円中心の排水孔53の周囲に位置する部分である中心側部分60は、被処理物Ｗ及び空気が排水孔53になるべく入り込まないように、上方膨出状に形成されている。 In addition, the central portion 60 of the circular upper surface portion 56 of the riser pipe 52, which is the portion located around the drainage hole 53 at the center of the circle, is formed in an upward bulge shape to prevent the workpiece W and air from entering the drainage hole 53 as much as possible.

具体的には、例えば立上管52の上面部56は、例えば排水孔53に臨んだ径方向内端部61から径方向中間部（例えば径方向中央部）62に向かって下降しかつ当該径方向中間部62から径方向外端部63に向かって上昇するような、上方に向かって凹の形状（凹状）に形成されている。また、径方向端部61の内周面は、テーパー状に形成されている。なお、円形状の排水孔53の開口径ａは、例えば５ｍｍ～１０ｍｍで、好ましくは例えば８ｍｍである。 Specifically, for example, the upper surface 56 of the riser pipe 52 is formed in an upwardly concave shape (concave shape) such that it descends from the radial inner end 61 facing the drainage hole 53 toward the radial intermediate portion (e.g., radial center portion) 62 and then ascends from the radial intermediate portion 62 toward the radial outer end 63. The inner peripheral surface of the radial end 61 is formed in a tapered shape. The opening diameter a of the circular drainage hole 53 is, for example, 5 mm to 10 mm, and is preferably, for example, 8 mm.

また、排水管51の上部には、排水孔53よりも大きな円形状の複数の開口（挿通孔である上部開口）65が形成されている。そして、その開口65を介して排水管51の内部空間66と各立上管52の内部空間67とが互いに連通している。なお、円形状の開口65の開口径ｂは、例えば７０ｍｍ～８０ｍｍで、好ましくは例えば７６ｍｍである。つまり、立上管52の排水孔53は、排水管51の開口65よりも小さく径小状に形成され、例えば開口65に比べて少なくとも半分以下の開口径で小孔状に形成されている。 In addition, multiple circular openings (upper openings that are insertion holes) 65 larger than the drain hole 53 are formed in the upper part of the drain pipe 51. The internal space 66 of the drain pipe 51 and the internal space 67 of each riser pipe 52 communicate with each other through the openings 65. The opening diameter b of the circular openings 65 is, for example, 70 mm to 80 mm, and preferably, for example, 76 mm. In other words, the drain hole 53 of the riser pipe 52 is formed to be smaller in diameter than the opening 65 of the drain pipe 51, and is formed as a small hole with an opening diameter at least half or less than that of the opening 65, for example.

次に、上記堆肥化装置１の作用等を説明する。 Next, we will explain the operation of the composting device 1.

堆肥化装置１の発酵槽６に投入されて床体２上に堆積された被処理物Ｗは、空気供給手段21による空気供給と、撹拌手段22による撹拌とに基づき、堆肥化処理されて低水分の粉状の堆肥となる。この低水分（例えば水分約３０％）の粉状の堆肥は、発酵槽６から取り出されて有効利用される。 The material W to be treated that is fed into the fermentation tank 6 of the composting device 1 and piled up on the bed 2 is composted into low-moisture powdered compost through air supply by the air supply means 21 and agitation by the agitation means 22. This low-moisture (e.g., about 30% moisture) powdered compost is removed from the fermentation tank 6 and put to effective use.

また、床体２上に堆積された被処理物Ｗからでた水は、排水手段20によって発酵槽６外へ排出される。つまり、被処理物Ｗからの水は、溝部11内から共通溝部12内に流入すると、排水孔53から立上管52内に流れ込み、その後、開口65から排水管51内に流入し、その排水管51内を流れて排水桝13内に流入して下水本管側に排出される。 In addition, water coming out of the materials W piled up on the bed 2 is discharged outside the fermenter 6 by the drainage means 20. In other words, when the water from the materials W flows from inside the groove 11 into the common groove 12, it flows into the riser pipe 52 from the drainage hole 53, and then flows into the drain pipe 51 from the opening 65, flows through the drain pipe 51, flows into the drain basin 13, and is discharged into the main sewer pipe.

そして、このような堆肥化装置１によれば、床体２上の被処理物Ｗからの水を排出する排水手段20を備えるため、被処理物Ｗからでる水を床体２上から外部へ適切に排出でき、よって被処理物Ｗを効率良く堆肥化処理できる。 The composting device 1 is equipped with a drainage means 20 for draining water from the material W on the bed 2, so that the water from the material W can be properly drained from the bed 2 to the outside, thereby enabling the material W to be efficiently composted.

また、排水手段20は、排水管51とこの排水管51に設けられた複数の立上管52とを有し、この各立上管52は、小孔状の排水孔53が形成された上面部56を有し、この上面部56のうち排水孔53の周囲に位置する部分が上方膨出状に形成されているため、被処理物Ｗが排水孔53に入り込むのを抑制できるとともに、空気供給手段21で供給された空気が排水孔53から逃げ出るのを抑制できる。 The drainage means 20 also has a drainage pipe 51 and a number of riser pipes 52 attached to the drainage pipe 51. Each riser pipe 52 has an upper surface 56 in which a small drainage hole 53 is formed. The portion of the upper surface 56 located around the drainage hole 53 is formed in an upwardly bulging shape, so that the workpiece W can be prevented from entering the drainage hole 53 and air supplied by the air supply means 21 can be prevented from escaping from the drainage hole 53.

さらに、立上管52は、上方に向かって縮径する円錐台状の管本体部55と、この管本体部55の上端部に設けられ排水孔53が形成された上面部56とを有するため、被処理物Ｗが水に混ざって立上管52内に流入しても被処理物Ｗによる目詰まりを適切に防止できる。 Furthermore, the riser pipe 52 has a truncated cone-shaped pipe body 55 that tapers upward, and an upper surface 56 provided at the upper end of the pipe body 55 and having a drainage hole 53 formed therein. This makes it possible to appropriately prevent clogging due to the workpiece W even if the workpiece W mixes with water and flows into the riser pipe 52.

また、立上管52は、排水管51の外周面に対応した形状の取付部57を有するため、立上管52を排水管51に対して容易かつ適切に取り付けることができる。 In addition, the riser pipe 52 has an attachment portion 57 shaped to correspond to the outer peripheral surface of the drain pipe 51, so that the riser pipe 52 can be easily and appropriately attached to the drain pipe 51.

また一方、空気供給手段21の各多孔管体26は、床体２上の被処理物Ｗに対して均一に空気が供給されるように、軸方向（長手方向）の位置に応じて、管太さ、孔間距離及び孔開口寸法のうち少なくともいずれか１つ、すなわち例えば管太さ及び孔間距離の２つが変化しているため、発酵槽６の床体２上に堆積された被処理物Ｗに対して全体的に均一かつ十分に空気を供給でき、よって、被処理物Ｗを効率良く堆肥化処理できる。 In addition, each porous pipe 26 of the air supply means 21 has at least one of the pipe thickness, hole distance, and hole opening size, i.e., two of the pipe thickness and hole distance, that change depending on the axial (longitudinal) position so that air is supplied uniformly to the material W on the bed 2. This allows air to be supplied uniformly and sufficiently to the material W piled on the bed 2 of the fermenter 6 as a whole, thereby enabling efficient composting of the material W.

つまり、多孔管体26の上流端側（送風機側である基端側）と下流端側（送風機側とは反対側である先端側）とで、空気の供給量のばらつきがなく、全体にわたって一定となり、その結果、被処理物Ｗの全体にわたって適正な発酵条件が維持され、被処理物Ｗ中の好気性微生物が活発に増殖及び活動を繰り返すこととなり、よって、被処理物Ｗを効率良く堆肥化できる。 In other words, there is no variation in the amount of air supplied between the upstream end (the base end on the blower side) and the downstream end (the tip end on the opposite side from the blower side) of the porous pipe 26, and it is constant throughout. As a result, appropriate fermentation conditions are maintained throughout the material W to be treated, and the aerobic microorganisms in the material W to be treated repeatedly grow and become active, thereby enabling the material W to be efficiently composted.

また、多孔管体26の空気供給用の孔31a，32a，33aは、多孔管31，32，33の下部に形成されているため、被処理物Ｗが孔31a，32a，33aに詰まってしまうのを防止でき、各孔31a，32a，33aから被処理物Ｗ内に空気を適切に供給できる。 In addition, the holes 31a, 32a, and 33a for supplying air in the porous pipe body 26 are formed in the lower part of the porous pipes 31, 32, and 33, so that the workpiece W can be prevented from clogging the holes 31a, 32a, and 33a, and air can be appropriately supplied into the workpiece W from each hole 31a, 32a, and 33a.

さらに、水平方向に対して傾斜状の多孔管体26と溝部11の水平な溝底面11aとの間に隙間40が存在することから、孔31a，32a，33aから噴出された空気が、隙間40を経て溝部11内を上方へ流動するため、一定量の空気を被処理物Ｗ内に適切に供給できる。 Furthermore, because there is a gap 40 between the porous pipe body 26, which is inclined relative to the horizontal direction, and the horizontal groove bottom surface 11a of the groove portion 11, the air ejected from the holes 31a, 32a, and 33a flows upward through the groove portion 11 via the gap 40, so that a constant amount of air can be appropriately supplied into the workpiece W.

なお、排水手段20は、図５に示すものには限定されず、例えば図７に示すものでもよい。 The drainage means 20 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 5 and may be, for example, that shown in FIG. 7.

この図７に示す排水手段20における複数の各立上管52は、排水管51と係合する環状で鍔形状の固定用（外れ防止用）の係合部である係合爪部71を有している。係合爪部71は、排水管51のうち開口65の周囲に位置する部分の内面との係合により、排水管51に対して立上管52を固定するためのものであって、当該立上管52が排水管51から外れるのを防止する。 Each of the multiple riser pipes 52 in the drainage means 20 shown in Figure 7 has an engagement claw portion 71, which is a ring-shaped, flange-shaped engagement portion for fixing (preventing disengagement) that engages with the drainage pipe 51. The engagement claw portion 71 is for fixing the riser pipe 52 to the drainage pipe 51 by engaging with the inner surface of the portion of the drainage pipe 51 that is located around the opening 65, and prevents the riser pipe 52 from disengaging from the drainage pipe 51.

係合爪部71は、管本体部55の下端部に径方向外方に突出状に設けられている。そして、係合爪部71と取付部57とによって、排水管51のうち開口65の周囲に位置する部分（周囲部分51a）が挟持されている。これにより、立上管52は、所定の取付位置から動かないように排水管51に対して確実に固定されている。 The engagement claw portion 71 is provided at the lower end of the pipe body portion 55 so as to protrude radially outward. The engagement claw portion 71 and the mounting portion 57 clamp the portion of the drain pipe 51 located around the opening 65 (peripheral portion 51a). This ensures that the riser pipe 52 is securely fixed to the drain pipe 51 so that it does not move from the specified mounting position.

なお、排水管51の外周面に対応した湾曲板状の取付部57は、排水管51の上部外周面から下部外周面まで覆う断面Ｃ字状のもので、この取付部57の両下端部57aは、排水管51の軸芯よりも下方に位置する。 The curved plate-like mounting portion 57, which corresponds to the outer peripheral surface of the drain pipe 51, has a C-shaped cross section that covers the outer peripheral surface of the drain pipe 51 from the upper to the lower part, and both lower ends 57a of the mounting portion 57 are located below the axis of the drain pipe 51.

また、いずれの実施の形態においても、排水手段の立上管は、上方に向かって縮径する円錐台状に形成されたものには限定されず、例えば円筒状や角筒状に形成されたものでもよく、円錐状や角錐状に形成されたもの等でもよい。 In addition, in any of the embodiments, the riser pipe of the drainage means is not limited to being formed in a truncated cone shape that narrows toward the top, but may be formed, for example, in a cylindrical or rectangular tube shape, or in a conical or pyramidal shape.

また、堆肥化処理される被処理物（堆肥原料）Ｗは、牛糞には限定されず、例えば豚糞、鶏糞等でもよく、或いは、家庭からでる生ごみ等でもよい。 The material to be composted (compost raw material) W is not limited to cow manure, but may be, for example, pig manure, chicken manure, or food waste from households.

１ 堆肥化装置
２ 床体
12 凹溝である共通溝部
20 排水手段
21 空気供給手段
51 排水管
52 立上管
53 排水孔
55 管本体部
56 上面部
57 取付部
71 係合部である係合爪部
Ｗ 被処理物 1 Composting device 2 Bed
12 Common groove portion which is a concave groove
20 Drainage means
21 Air supply means
51 Drain Pipe
52 Rise pipe
53 Drain hole
55 Tube body
56 Top
57 Mounting part
71 Engagement claw portion W Processing object

Claims (6)

被処理物を堆肥化処理するための堆肥化装置であって、
凹溝を有する床体と、
前記床体上の被処理物からの水を排出する排水手段とを備え、
前記排水手段は、排水管と、この排水管に設けられた複数の立上管とを有し、
前記立上管は、
前記凹溝内に向かって開口する排水孔と、
前記排水孔が形成された上面部とを有し、
前記上面部のうち前記排水孔の周囲に位置する部分は、上方膨出状に形成されている
ことを特徴とする堆肥化装置。 A composting apparatus for composting a material to be treated, comprising:
A floor body having a recessed groove;
A drainage means for draining water from the material to be treated on the bed body,
The drainage means includes a drainage pipe and a plurality of risers provided in the drainage pipe,
The riser pipe is
A drain hole opening toward the inside of the groove ;
and a top surface portion in which the drainage hole is formed,
The portion of the upper surface portion located around the drainage hole is formed in an upwardly bulging shape.
A composting apparatus comprising: 被処理物を堆肥化処理するための堆肥化装置であって、A composting apparatus for composting a material to be treated, comprising:
凹溝を有する床体と、A floor body having a recessed groove;
前記床体上の被処理物からの水を排出する排水手段とを備え、A drainage means for draining water from the material to be treated on the bed body,
前記排水手段は、排水管と、この排水管に設けられた複数の立上管とを有し、The drainage means includes a drainage pipe and a plurality of risers provided in the drainage pipe,
前記立上管は、The riser pipe is
上方に向かって縮径する円錐台状の管本体部と、A tube main body portion having a truncated cone shape whose diameter decreases toward the top;
前記管本体部の上端部に設けられた円板状の上面部と、A disk-shaped upper surface portion provided at an upper end of the pipe main body;
前記上面部の中央側に形成され、前記凹溝内に向かって開口する小孔状の排水孔とを有し、a small drainage hole formed in the center of the upper surface portion and opening toward the inside of the groove;
前記上面部のうち前記排水孔の周囲に位置する部分は、上方膨出状に形成されているThe portion of the upper surface portion located around the drain hole is formed in an upwardly bulging shape.
ことを特徴とする堆肥化装置。A composting apparatus comprising: 排水孔の開口径は、５ｍｍ～１０ｍｍであるThe opening diameter of the drainage hole is 5 mm to 10 mm.
ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の堆肥化装置。3. A composting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2. 立上管は、排水管の外周面に対応した形状の取付部を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項１ないし３のいずれか一記載の堆肥化装置。 4. The composting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the riser pipe has an attachment portion having a shape corresponding to an outer peripheral surface of the drain pipe. 立上管は、排水管と係合する固定用の係合部を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項１ないし４のいずれか一記載の堆肥化装置。 5. The composting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the riser pipe has an engagement portion for fixing the riser pipe to the drain pipe. 床体上の被処理物に空気を供給する空気供給手段を備える
ことを特徴とする請求項１ないし５のいずれか一記載の堆肥化装置。 6. The composting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an air supply means for supplying air to the material on the bed.
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