JP2002166296A - Waste dehydrater - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dehydrater for stably compressing and dehydrating wastes such as municipal wastes containing much water and mixed with solid wastes of metal, or the like, without an outbreak of a trouble suck as blocking. SOLUTION: In addition to provide a piston 2 for compressing the wastes 5 in the horizontal direction and an input port 7 for the wastes at one end of a horizontal hollow casing 1, and an exhaust port 9 for the compressed wastes at the other end of the casing 1, the dehydrater is includes drain holes 14 for squeezed water and a slidable pressure bulkhead plate 10 which receives the wastes compressed by the piston, both provided between the input port 7 and the exhaust port 9. Or, the casing 1 is a vertical cylinder wherein a rotating body is disposed in which a plurality of wastes compression chambers are allocated at prescribed intervals and a piston to compress the wastes is provided on the casing.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste dewatering apparatus for compressing and reducing volume of waste such as municipal waste containing a large amount of water to dewater the waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Separation and collection of municipal waste such as municipal solid waste discharged from homes and business establishments will become more widespread in the future with the full enforcement of the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law from April 2000. It seems to be. Thus, it is expected that the composition of the waste that is sent to the incineration process changes and the calories are reduced. However, waste such as municipal waste is a heterogeneous mixture of high-moisture garbage such as garbage, so that incineration processing can be performed with stable melting operation using only the combustion heat of the waste as much as possible. As described above, it is necessary to perform pretreatment such as drying or dehydration on the waste to increase the calories and homogenize the waste.

[0003] As one of means for removing water from waste, there is known a method of pressing waste to dewater it. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-61500 discloses that sludge such as sewage, human waste, or industrial waste is put into a cylinder provided with a dewatering screw, and the dewatering screw is rotated to squeeze and dewater the input material. Is disclosed.

However, unlike sludge, municipal solid waste often contains combustible, non-combustible, and flame-retardant solid waste such as wood chips, empty cans, and plastics. When the waste is compressed and dewatered by the above-mentioned screw dehydrator, there is a problem that a small piece of solid waste is caught between the screw and the cylindrical container and the screw cannot be rotated. In addition, if the water content of the waste is too low,
There is a problem that the waste is squeezed and solidified, the fluidity is reduced, and the waste is not pushed out by the screw and is closed inside the cylinder. When such troubles occur, it is necessary to open the device once to remove the obstruction inside and clean the inside, which causes a problem that the processing capacity of the device is greatly reduced. there were.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and stably dewaters waste such as municipal waste mixed with solid waste without causing trouble such as blockage. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for dewatering waste.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, has a function of squeezing and dewatering waste containing a large amount of water put into a casing. A waste dewatering device, wherein the casing is provided with a piston for squeezing the waste, an inlet for the waste, a drainage hole for the squeezed water, and an outlet for the squeezed waste. It is characterized by the following.

In the waste dewatering apparatus of the present invention, a piston for squeezing waste from a lateral direction and a waste inlet are provided on one side of the horizontal hollow casing,
The other part is provided with a discharge port for the compressed waste, and between the input port and the discharge port, a discharge hole for the expelled moisture, and a slidable pressure plate for receiving the waste compressed by the piston. In addition, a piston for squeezing waste from above and a waste inlet are provided in an upper part of the casing, which is a vertical hollow body, and a lower part is provided. A discharge port for squeezed waste is provided, and a discharge hole for squeezed moisture is provided between the input port and the discharge port, and a slidable pressure plate for receiving the waste squeezed by the piston. Is provided. In addition, a part of the casing before the pressure plate may be a rotating casing rotated by a motor, and a drain hole for centrifuging water squeezed out of the rotating casing may be provided.

Further, in the waste dewatering apparatus of the present invention, a rotating body having the same center as the casing is disposed in the vertical cylindrical casing, and the rotating body includes a plurality of waste presses. The chambers are arranged at predetermined intervals, and the casing requires a waste input port, a pressing piston for pressing the waste from above or from the side, and an extrusion piston for discharging the pressed waste. In addition to being provided at the bottom of the casing, a drain hole for squeezed water is provided below the squeezing piston on the bottom of the casing, and an outlet for squeezed waste is provided below the pushing piston. In this case, a plurality of waste compressing chambers each having a vertical rotating hollow body may be disposed at a predetermined interval and equidistant from the axis thereof. Further, the rotating body may be configured such that a plurality of waste pressing chambers each having a U-shaped side surface are arranged radially from an axis of the rotating body at predetermined intervals with the front end opening outside.

[0009] The waste dewatering apparatus of the present invention dewaters the waste put into the casing by compressing and reducing the volume of the waste by a piston. The waste can be squeezed and dehydrated stably without blocking the waste in the apparatus even when the solid waste is mixed. In addition, even if the waste is sufficiently squeezed, there is no danger that the waste will solidify too much and become clogged in the equipment.Therefore, increase the pressure of the piston and perform more efficient dehydration than before. Can be.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a waste dewatering apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a horizontal casing, that is, a substantially horizontal hollow body, and 2 is a side surface of one part 3 of the casing 1. 4 is a hydraulic cylinder type piston for pressing and dewatering waste 5 such as municipal waste. Ceiling 6 on one side 3 of casing 1
Is provided with an inlet 7 for waste, and a discharge outlet 9 for squeezed waste is provided on the bottom surface of the other part 8 of the casing 1, and is slid up and down or sideways in front of it (up and down in the figure). A sliding plate 10 is provided. A drain hole 14 is provided in the casing 1 in front of the pressure plate 10, and a portion of the casing 1 in which the drain hole 14 is provided includes a rotating casing 13 rotatable by a motor 12 through a gear 11. Has become. It is desirable that the casing 1 and the rotary casing 13 have the same cross-sectional shape and the same dimensions, and the shape may be a polygon such as a square, a hexagon, or a trapezoid, or a hollow body such as a circle or a semicircle.

When compressing and dewatering waste containing a large amount of water by the above-mentioned dewatering apparatus, first, waste 5 is charged into the casing 1 from the inlet 7. When a large amount of coarse substances are mixed in the waste 5, it is desirable to preliminarily crush the waste 5 using a crusher. Next, as shown in FIG.
And the waste 5 is received by the pressure plate 10 to compress and reduce the volume of the waste 5. However, since the rotary casing 13 provided with the drain hole 14 is provided in front of the pressure plate 10. Also, the water squeezed out during the squeezing can be dropped down through the drain hole 14. If necessary, in order to more completely remove moisture from the squeezed waste 5, the pressing by the piston 2 is once released, and then the rotating casing 13 is rotated by the motor 12, thereby remaining in the waste 5. The centrifuged water can be more completely separated. After the above processing, as shown in FIG. 3, after the pressure plate 10 is slid, the waste 5 is pressed again by the piston 2 so that the waste 5 is removed from the end 8 of the casing 1. And discharged to the outside through the discharge port 9. When a wedge wire screen, a filter, or the like is provided in the drain hole 14, only the moisture can pass through the hole without clogging the drain hole 14.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a waste dewatering apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The casing 1 is a vertical hollow body having a circular or square cross section. In the upper part of the casing 1, a piston 2 for pressing the waste 5 and a waste inlet 7 are provided. A discharge port 9 for the waste 5 and a pressure plate 10 for receiving the waste 5 pressed by the piston 2 are slidably provided in a lower portion. Drainage hole 14
Is provided. The waste 5 can be squeezed to squeeze out moisture similarly to the dehydrator according to the first embodiment by the above-described apparatus. In addition, also in this example, the casing 1 provided with the drain hole 14 is assumed to be rotatable,
It goes without saying that water can be centrifuged.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show a waste dewatering apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein reference numeral 21 denotes a vertical or substantially vertical cylindrical casing, and reference numeral 22 denotes a casing disposed in the casing 21. The rotating body 22 is provided with a rotating shaft 23
Is provided at the same position as the center of the casing 21,
The rotary body 22 is a cylindrical body 24 in which four vertical hollow spaces, in the figure, four cylindrical waste press chambers 25, which are cylindrical spaces, are disposed equidistant from the axis thereof at predetermined intervals. It is. That is, the rotating body 22 has a structure like a magazine of a revolving pistol, and the waste pressing chamber 25 rotates around the rotating shaft 23 in one direction with a predetermined cycle time.

The ceiling 26 of the casing 21 has a waste inlet 27 and a pressing piston 2 for pressing the waste from above.
8, 29 and an extrusion piston 30 are provided at required intervals, and a drain hole 3 of the squeezed moisture is provided on a bottom surface 31 of the casing 21 below the compression pistons 28, 29.
2 and 33, an outlet 34 for squeezed waste is provided on the bottom surface 31 below the pushing piston 30. A drainage tank 36 for temporarily storing the squeezed water is provided below the drainage holes 30 and 33. In the figure, the waste press room 25 is provided as a vertical hollow body by penetrating a circular hole in the vertical direction of the cylindrical body 24, but the waste press room 25 is supported by a steel frame or the like. It can also be provided by attaching a cylinder to the frame. Further, the shape of the waste press room 25 is not limited to a cylinder, and the cross section may be a polygon such as a square or a hexagon. Further, a wedge wire screen, a filter, and the like can be installed in the drain holes 32, 33.

When squeezing and dewatering the waste, if necessary, a small amount of the crushed waste 4 is introduced into the waste crushing chamber 25 from a predetermined inlet 27 by a crusher 35. Next, after rotating the rotator 22 by 90 °, the squeezed water is temporarily squeezed by a low-pressure squeezing piston 28, and the squeezed water is drained to the drain hole 3.
The water is discharged to a drainage tank 36 below 2. Then, after further rotating the rotating body 22 by 90 °, the squeezed waste 5 is reduced in volume as much as possible to squeeze out water, and the water is squeezed downward from the drain hole 33. To be discharged. After the completion of the water squeezing, the rotating body 22 is further moved to 90
The waste 5 is discharged to the outside by pushing the waste 5 by the pushing piston 30 after rotating the waste to the position where the discharge port 34 is provided. Thereafter, the waste pressing chamber 25 can receive the next waste 5 by further rotating the rotating body 22 by 90 °. In addition, in this example, the processing efficiency is increased by squeezing the waste into two stages of the temporary squeezing and the main squeezing, but there is no problem even if the squeezing of the waste is one stage of the main squeezing alone.

In the waste dehydrating apparatus as described above, for example, the diameter of the casing 21 is about φ1500,
5 with a diameter of about φ600, waste input, temporary pressing,
If the residence time at each of the four positions where the main pressing and discharging is performed is 2 minutes, the rotating body 22 can be rotated once in about 10 minutes, and about 1400 kg of waste is pressed and dewatered per hour. Can be.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show a waste dewatering apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 41 denotes a vertical cylindrical casing, and reference numeral 42 denotes a casing disposed in the casing 41. The rotating body 42 has a rotating shaft 43 provided at the same position as the center of the casing 41. In the rotating body 42, three waste pressing chambers 45 each having a U-shaped side surface are disposed radially from the axis thereof at predetermined intervals with the front end opening 55 outside. . That is, the front end opening 55 is connected to the side surface 49 of the casing 41.
It is arranged in a three-pronged shape from the center toward.

In the ceiling 46 of the casing 41, a waste inlet 47 is provided at a required position.
A side surface 49 is provided with a squeezing piston 48 for squeezing the waste material laterally from a tip opening 55 and an extrusion piston 50 for discharging the squeezed waste material.
A drain hole 52 of the squeezed water is provided on the bottom surface 51 of the casing 41 below the squeezing piston 48 that moves left and right.
However, an outlet 53 for discharging the squeezed waste to the outside is provided on a bottom surface 51 below the extrusion piston 50, and a drainage tank 54 is provided below the drainage hole 52. The shape of the waste press room 45 is usually a square shape such as a square or a rectangle in cross section. In addition, a wedge wire screen, a filter, and the like can be provided in the drain holes 52. In addition, the rotating body 42 may be formed in a multi-stage process as appropriate, in addition to the three-forked shape shown in the figure, or a cross shape for adding a temporary pressing process.

The waste is squeezed by such a dehydrator,
For dehydration, a predetermined amount of the waste 5 is introduced into the waste compression chamber 45 through the inlet 47. Next, the rotating body 42 is
After rotation, the waste 5 is squeezed as much as possible with the squeezing piston 50. The squeezed water is discharged from a drain hole 52 to a drain tank 54 below. After the completion of the water squeezing, the rotating body 42 is further rotated by 120 ° to move the waste 5 to a position where the discharge port 53 is provided, and then pressed by the push-out piston 48, so that the waste 5 is externally Is discharged. Thereafter, the waste pressing chamber 45 can receive the next waste 5 by further rotating the rotating body 42 by 120 °.

The above-mentioned waste dewatering apparatus has, for example, a casing 41 having a diameter of about 1500 and a square section having a side of about 600 mm, and a side of the waste compression chamber 25 having a side of about 600 mm. If the residence time is 3 minutes each, the rotating body 42 can be rotated once in about 10 minutes, and about 1400 kg of waste per hour can be pressed and dewatered. The compressed and dewatered waste is transported to an incinerator and can be easily incinerated.

[0021]

As described above, the waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention can compress and reduce the volume of the waste put in the casing by the piston to perform the dewatering. Even when solid waste such as a wood piece, a metal piece, or a plastic piece is mixed, the waste can be stably pressed and dehydrated without blocking the waste in the apparatus. In addition, even when the waste is squeezed strongly, there is no danger that the waste will solidify too much and become blocked in the device.Therefore, it is possible to increase the piston pressure and compress the waste smaller than before. As a result, water can be more completely separated and removed with high efficiency. In addition, the waste dewatering device of the present invention can also treat sludge such as sewage, human waste, or industrial waste that is not mixed with solid waste such as wood chips, metal chips, and plastic chips. Waste can be squeezed and dewatered. Therefore, the present invention is extremely useful as a material which can easily dispose of waste such as municipal waste which is increasing year by year.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view showing a waste dewatering apparatus according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a state in which waste is squeezed by a piston in the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a state in which waste is discharged by a piston in the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front sectional view showing a waste dewatering apparatus according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view showing a waste dewatering apparatus according to a third embodiment.

6 is a vertical sectional view of an AA section of the waste dewatering apparatus of FIG. 5 and a vertical sectional view of a crusher.

FIG. 7 is a horizontal sectional view showing a waste dewatering apparatus according to a fourth embodiment.

8 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along a line BB of the waste dewatering apparatus of FIG. 7;

[Explanation of symbols]

1 casing, 2 pistons, 3 one part, 4 side, 5 waste, 6 ceiling, 7 inlet, 8 other part,
9 outlet, 10 pressure plate, 11 gear, 12 motor, 13 rotating casing, 14 drain hole, 21 casing, 22 rotating body, 23 rotating shaft, 24 body, 2
5 waste press room, 26 ceiling, 27 inlet, 28,
29 Piston for compression, 30 Piston for extrusion, 31
Bottom, 32, 33 drainage hole, 34 outlet, 35 crusher, 36 drainage tank, 41 casing, 42 rotating body, 43 rotating shaft, 45 waste press room, 46 ceiling,
47 inlet, 48 squeezing piston, 49 side, 50
Extrusion piston, 51 bottom surface, 52 drain hole, 53 discharge port, 54 drain tank, 55 tip opening,

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A waste dewatering device for squeezing and dewatering waste containing a large amount of water put into a casing, wherein the casing has a piston for squeezing the waste, A waste dewatering apparatus comprising: an inlet, a drain hole for squeezed water, and an outlet for squeezed waste. 2. A waste dewatering device for squeezing and dewatering waste containing a large amount of water put into a casing, wherein the waste is placed on one side of the casing having a horizontal hollow body. A piston to be squeezed from the side and a waste input port are provided, and a discharge port for the compressed waste is provided in the other part, and the discharged water is discharged between the input port and the discharge port. A waste dewatering device comprising a hole and a slidable pressure plate for receiving waste squeezed by a piston. 3. A waste dewatering apparatus for squeezing and dewatering waste containing a large amount of water put into a casing, wherein a waste material is disposed above the vertical hollow casing. A piston for compressing the waste from above and a waste inlet are provided, and a discharge outlet for the compressed waste is provided at a lower portion, and the drainage of the squeezed water is provided between the inlet and the outlet. A waste dewatering apparatus, comprising: a discharge hole; and a slidable pressure plate for receiving waste squeezed by the piston. 4. A part of the casing in front of the pressure plate is a rotary casing rotated by a motor, and a drain hole is provided in the rotary casing for centrifuging water squeezed out. Waste dewatering equipment. 5. A waste dewatering device for squeezing and dewatering waste containing a large amount of water put into a casing, wherein the casing is formed in a vertical cylindrical shape and has the same center as the casing. And a plurality of waste squeezing chambers are arranged at predetermined intervals in the rotator, and a waste inlet and a waste are pressed from above or in the lateral direction in the casing. A piston for squeezing and an extruding piston for discharging the squeezed waste are provided at required positions, and a drainage hole for the squeezed water is provided below the squeezing piston on the bottom of the casing. A waste dewatering device characterized in that an outlet for compressed waste is provided below the piston. 6. The waste dewatering apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of vertically hollow waste compression chambers are arranged at equal intervals from an axis of the rotary body at predetermined intervals. 7. The rotating body is provided with a plurality of waste pressing chambers each having a U-shaped side surface and radially disposed from an axis of the rotating body at a predetermined interval with a front end opening outside. A dewatering device for waste as described.