JP7485370B2 - エキサイタ信号を発生させるためのシステム - Google Patents
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- JP7485370B2 JP7485370B2 JP2020567959A JP2020567959A JP7485370B2 JP 7485370 B2 JP7485370 B2 JP 7485370B2 JP 2020567959 A JP2020567959 A JP 2020567959A JP 2020567959 A JP2020567959 A JP 2020567959A JP 7485370 B2 JP7485370 B2 JP 7485370B2
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Description
定義
本明細書で使用される場合、「プロセッサ」及び「中央処理装置」または「CPU」という用語は、交換可能に使用され、コンピュータメモリ(例えば、ROMまたは他のコンピュータメモリ)からプログラムを読み出し、プログラムに従って1セットのステップを実行することができるデバイスを指す。
A.外部コイル(タグコイルなど)とエキサイタアセンブリとの可変アライメントへの対応
いくつかの実施形態では、エキサイタは、エキサイタとタグのコイルのアライメントに依存せずに、タグに電力を供給するように構成される。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、タグへの電力伝送は、タグに対するエキサイタ磁場の相対的な配向に依存することができる。いくつかのそれらのような実施形態では、是正措置がない場合、タグは、タグのコイル(例えば、タグに含まれるフェライトコアコイル)にアライメントされる電界の一部からのみ集電することができる。この問題は、3つの直交方向すべての磁場を発生することができる、複数のエキサイタを含むことで解決されることができる。しかしながら、これは、より厚いアセンブリにつながり、一次エキサイタコイル(例えば、エキサイタアセンブリに位置している)のセンシングコイル(これもエキサイタアセンブリに位置している)への結合の除去(以下のセクションBを参照)、及びタグ/エミッタとエキサイタコイルとの間で二次電界結合(その後センシングコイルに結合し、タグまたはエミッタの位置特定を損なう)の除去(以下のセクションCを参照)の両方を妨げる。この課題に対応するために、本明細書で提供されるのは、一方向の磁気方向にのみ展開することができるエキサイタコイルによって、磁場の配向を変化させる機構を提供するエキサイタアセンブリ構成である。
フィールド:X-平面(+-+-)コンデンサC19及びC20は27,235pFである((2)470pFコンデンサの直列組み合わせと並列に27,000pFを使用)、
フィールド:Y-平面(++--)コンデンサC29及びC30は6,050pFである((2)100pFコンデンサの直列組み合わせと並列に3,300pFと並列に2,700)、
共通(すべてのフィールド):コンデンサC39及びC40は9,000pFである((3)3,000pFコンデンサの並列組み合わせ)、ならびに
C39及びC40コンデンサ(値XY固定)は9,000pFである(18,000pFと直列に18,000pF、9,220pFであることが可能、820pFまたは他の組み合わせと並列に8,200、合計電圧は660Vrms)。
B.センサ付近のエキサイタ電界強度への対応
タグに給電するために使用されるエキサイタ電界強度は、一般に、1つ以上のタグに給電することができる大容量を生じるために、エキサイタに近い。この電界は、手術器具に関連する1つ以上のタグまたはエミッタ(タグ及びエミッタは総称して個別に本明細書では「ビーコン」と称される)によって与えられる電界よりもはるかに大きい。また、励起及び検知の両方を提供するために、単一の励起アセンブリ装置が好ましいことから、センシングコンポーネントは、エキサイタコンポーネントのすぐ近くにある必要がある。したがって、磁場センサは、対象となる信号(ビーコンからの)よりも160db以上大きい、非常に大きなエキサイタ周波数で磁場を通常、検知する。
C)エキサイタ/ビーコン結合への対応
いくつかの実施形態では、エキサイタは、高度共振コイルである。いくつかの実施形態では、ビーコンの周波数がエキサイタの共振周波数に近いので、エキサイタコイルの配向にアライメントされるビーコンのAC磁場の一部は、エキサイタに電流の流れを誘導することができるため、エキサイタコイルの配向にビーコン周波数で磁場を生成することができる。この効果は、ビーコンからの元の磁場を歪め、ビーコンの位置を特定することをより困難にする。臨床的に好ましいジオメトリでは、この歪みはビーコンの真の位置をマスクするため、ナビゲーションは、困難になる、または不可能になる可能性がある。
D)システムによって生成される電界強度への対応
エキサイタ及び関連する回路は、システムによって生成される電界強度を最小にするように設計される必要がある。電界は、発生する場合に、センシングシステムに容量結合し、システムの精度を低下させる可能性がある。また、電界は、磁場よりもはるかに有意に患者及び環境と相互作用する。
E)複数のビーコンの位置の特定及び管理
いくつかの実施形態では、1つの以上のビーコン(例えば、タグ、1つ以上の手術装置と関連するエミッタ、または他の物体(その場所、位置、相対位置、または他の空間情報が望まれる))が採用される。いくつかの実施形態では、それぞれの異なるビーコンは、固有の周波数、周波数スペクトル、またはその他の識別可能な信号を発生する。いくつかのそれらのような実施形態では、ハンティングアルゴリズムを使用して、1つ以上のビーコンの空間情報を特定する。いくつかの実施形態では、最適なエキサイタの極性及び電力レベルは、エキサイタを異なる平面に循環させることによって、各ビーコンについて識別される(例えば、エキサイタに対するビーコンの任意の相対的な配向を考慮して)。この情報に基づいて、最適なエキサイタパターンは、処置の品質と、ユーザ(例えば、治療する医師)に伝達される情報の精度とを最大にするように計算される。いくつかのそれらのような実施形態では、第一最適パターンを利用して、第一タグに関する空間情報を提供し、処置の第一部分を行う。次に、第二最適パターン(同じであっても異なっていてもよい)を利用して、第二タグに関する空間情報を提供し、処置の第二部分を行う。追加のタグについて、さらに循環を行うことができる。代替に、エキサイタパターン(極性及び電力)は、処置中に複数の異なる最適パターン間で循環して、複数のビーコンのほぼリアルタイムの最適な空間情報を提供することができる。いくつかのそれらのような実施形態では、エミッタ内のコイル極性の迅速な切り替えを使用して、2つ以上のビーコンに同時に、またはほぼ同時に電力を供給する。
F)例示的なシステム及びデバイスコンポーネントの概要
いくつかの実施形態では、システム、装置、アセンブリ、及び方法は、正弦波磁界によって遠隔タグ装置に給電する電磁ナビゲーションシステム(例えば、参照によりその全体が本明細書に援用される、米国特許第9,730,764号、ならびに米国出願第15/281,862号及び第15/674,455号を参照)に使用を見いだされる。いくつかの実施形態では、タグは無線であり、理想的には最小サイズにされる。いくつかの実施形態では、電力が供給されている間、タグは、1つ以上の側波帯周波数で独自の時変磁場を発生する。磁場の形状は、タグに位置決めされる磁気双極子の形状とほぼ同じである。受信アンテナコイル(検知もしくは監視コイルまたは監視局とも称される)を用いていくつかの位置で磁場を監視することにより、タグの位置を特定する。いくつかの実施形態では、システム、装置、アセンブリ、及び方法は、電気手術器具をさらに含む。いくつかの実施形態では、電気手術器具、またはこの電気手術器具に取り付けられる、もしくは物理的に近接しているコンポーネントは、磁気双極子と同様の磁場も発生する2つ以上の位置特定エミッタを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、エミッタは、2つの異なる周波数信号で駆動され、これら2つの異なる周波数信号は、エキサイタ周波数及びタグ応答周波数の両方とも異なる。ある特定の実施形態では、位置特定エミッタは、信号供給源に配線される。
Claims (15)
- a)タグと、
b)前記タグの領域内に磁場を生成する遠隔活性化装置であって、前記遠隔活性化装置によって発生する前記磁場が実質的にX方向及びY方向に選択的に発生することができるように、前記遠隔活性化装置は時計回りまたは反時計回りの方向に電流を流すように各構成される4つ以上のエキサイタコイルを含み、前記4つ以上のエキサイタコイルは、前記X方向及び前記Y方向の両方に平行な同一平面に配置されている、前記遠隔活性化装置と、
c)前記タグが前記磁場に曝露されている間に前記タグからの信号を検出するようにそれぞれ構成され、監視コイルをそれぞれ含む複数のセンサと、
を含み、
前記監視コイルはそれぞれ、前記4つ以上のエキサイタコイルのそれぞれの中央の平面と同一平面上にある検知軸を含む、システム。 - 前記4つ以上のエキサイタコイルは、直列に接続される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記4つ以上のエキサイタコイルは、座標(X1,Y1)、(X1,Y2)、(X2,Y1)、及び(X2,Y2)を中心とする2列のレイアウトにある4つのエキサイタコイルである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記遠隔活性化装置は、
a)すべて時計回りの電流を流す前記4つのエキサイタコイル、
b)電流を時計周りに流す(X1,Y1)、(X1,Y2)を中心とするエキサイタコイルと、電流を反時計回りに流す(X2,Y1)、(X2,Y2)を中心とするエキサイタコイル、
c)電流を時計周りに流す(X1,Y1)、(X2,Y1)を中心とするエキサイタコイルと、電流を反時計回りに流す(X1,Y2)、(X2,Y2)を中心とするエキサイタコイル、
という3つの電流の流れの構成を有する、請求項3に記載のシステム。 - 前記遠隔活性化装置は、励起周波数を維持するためにスイッチング機能を提供する、複数のリレー、少なくとも1つのPINダイオード、または電界効果トランジスタを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記スイッチング機能は、前記4つ以上のエキサイタコイルの合計インダクタンスが増加するときに静電容量素子を介して追加の直列静電容量性リアクタンスを挿入し、同調する中心周波数が前記励起周波数に維持される、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記静電容量素子は、複数のコンデンサから構成される、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- i)前記遠隔活性化装置は、前記エキサイタコイルに近接しているバランをさらに含む;
ii)前記遠隔活性化装置によって発生する前記磁場は、実質的にZ方向にさらに選択的に発生することができる;
iii)前記システムは、前記遠隔活性化装置と電子通信するアンプをさらに含む;
iv)複数のタグを含む;
v)磁場発生及びセンサ検出を制御するコンピュータをさらに含む、;
vi)前記タグはアンテナを含み、前記タグは、磁場による活性化時に、所定の周波数で側波帯を発する;
vii)医療機器をさらに含む:
のi)~vii)の1つでさらに規定される、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 磁場発生及びセンサ検出を制御するコンピュータをさらに含み、
前記コンピュータは、1つ以上のタグの最適な検出を識別するために前記磁場の配向を調整するハンティングアルゴリズムを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記タグはアンテナを含み、前記タグは、磁場による活性化時に、所定の周波数で側波帯を発し、
前記タグの前記アンテナはコイルアンテナを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - ・前記コイルアンテナは、フェライトコアコイルアンテナを含む、
・前記コイルアンテナは100~200kHzで共振する、
・前記コイルアンテナは集積回路に結合される、の3点の1つで前記コイルアンテナが規定される、請求項10に記載のシステム。 - 前記タグはアンテナを含み、前記タグは、磁場による活性化時に、所定の周波数で側波帯を発し、
前記タグは、前記タグの前記アンテナの周りに筐体を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記複数のセンサのうちの少なくとも1つは、監視局アセンブリを含み、前記監視局アセンブリは、
a)前記監視コイルであって、
i)コイルのない近位端部、コイルのない遠位端部、及び中央領域を有する金属コア、ならびに
ii)前記金属コアの前記中央領域の周りに巻かれるコイル巻線、
を含む、前記監視コイルと、
b)第一監視コイルブラケット及び第二監視コイルブラケットと、
c)第一エラストマー部品及び第二エラストマー部品と、
を備え、
前記金属コアの前記コイルのない近位端部は、前記第一監視コイルブラケットと前記第一エラストマー部品との間に固定され、
前記金属コアの前記コイルのない遠位端部は前記第二監視コイルブラケットと前記第二エラストマー部品との間に固定される、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - (1)前記第一監視コイルブラケット及び前記第二監視コイルブラケットはそれぞれ、前記検知軸の方向を調整する少なくとも1つの調整部品を含み;
(2)前記監視局アセンブリは、前記監視コイルに電気的にリンクされる電子部品をさらに含む;
(3)前記監視局アセンブリは、ファラデーシールドをさらに含む;
(4)前記監視局アセンブリは、前記監視コイルに電気的にリンクされる電子部品、及びファラデーシールド、をさらに含む;
(5)前記第一エラストマー部品及び前記第二エラストマー部品は、エラストマーポリマー及びばねから選択される材料を含む;
(6)前記金属コアはフェライトコアを含む;
(7)前記金属コアは8~16mmの直径を有する;
(8)前記金属コアは20~60mmの長さを有する;
(9)前記コイル巻線は金属ワイヤを含む;
(10)前記第一監視コイルブラケット及び前記第二監視コイルブラケットはそれぞれ、前記金属コアの前記コイルのない近位端部、及び/または前記コイルのない遠位端部を嵌合するように構成されるノッチを含む:
の(1)~(10)の1つでさらに規定される、請求項13に記載のシステム。 - 前記第一監視コイルブラケット及び前記第二監視コイルブラケットはそれぞれ、前記検知軸の方向を調整する少なくとも1つの調整部品を含み、
前記少なくとも1つの調整部品は、少なくとも1つのねじ、及び/または少なくとも1つのロッドを含む、請求項13に記載のシステム。
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US201862680750P | 2018-06-05 | 2018-06-05 | |
US62/680,750 | 2018-06-05 | ||
PCT/US2019/035424 WO2019236600A1 (en) | 2018-06-05 | 2019-06-04 | Orthogonally isolated exciter with field steering |
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US20230263576A1 (en) | 2023-08-24 |
US11185375B2 (en) | 2021-11-30 |
US20190365478A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
EP3803825A4 (en) | 2022-07-13 |
CN112912942A (zh) | 2021-06-04 |
CN112912942B (zh) | 2024-03-08 |
CN118356175A (zh) | 2024-07-19 |
US11540885B2 (en) | 2023-01-03 |
US20190388178A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
US20230157763A1 (en) | 2023-05-25 |
JP2021526890A (ja) | 2021-10-11 |
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WO2019236600A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 |
US20220054203A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
US11666391B2 (en) | 2023-06-06 |
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