JP7464805B1 - Real Fire Training Equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To improve the durability of a real fire training device in which a trainee is not exposed to high temperatures. [Solution] A water sprinkling mechanism is provided on the bottom surface 11 side and side of the main body, extending from the negative side in the x direction to the end of the bottom plate 11A on the combustion section side. The water sprinkling mechanism includes a water passage section that extends along the x direction and through which water flows, and a water sprinkling section 52 that is connected to the end of the water passage section on the combustion section side and extends perpendicular to it. In the solid line configuration (first state), the water sprinkling section 52 is above the bottom plate 11A on which the trainee places his/her feet. When water sprinkling is not performed, the water sprinkling section 52 is in the dotted line configuration (second state). [Selected Figure] Figure 5

Description

The present invention relates to a real fire training device that is highly durable and does not expose trainees to high temperatures.

A real-fire training device is used to conduct training in an environment in which wood or other materials are burned to generate thick smoke, similar to a real fire. The structure of such a real-fire training device is described, for example, in Patent Document 1.

Figure 7 is a perspective view showing a simplified structure of the real fire training device 9 described in Patent Document 1. In this real fire training device 9, a main body 10 is used that has an internal space of a substantially rectangular shape with the horizontal direction in the figure as the longitudinal direction (x direction). A combustion platform 21 is installed near the end of the main body 10 on the right side in the figure (positive side in the x direction), on which a combustible object A is ignited and burned. On the left side of this area, a plate-shaped smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 22 is installed inside the main body 10 so as to partition only the upper area of the main body 10. A training subject H can enter the main body 10 from a front room 30 connected to the left side of the main body 10 in the figure through a door 23 formed on the end face of the main body 10 on the left side in the figure.

In the structure of Figure 7, the trainee H is positioned between the right-side smoke control flapper 22 and the left-side door 23, and can perform the desired training work. At this time, because combustion occurs to the right of the smoke control flapper 22, the space inside the main body 10 is divided into two parts, with the smoke control flapper 22 as the boundary, with the combustion section 10A on the right side (positive x-direction) and the training room 10B on the left side (negative x-direction). In Figure 7, thick smoke S passes under the smoke control flapper and flows from the combustion section 10A to the training room 10B, and then flows from the exhaust port 24 installed in the ceiling near the door 23 to the smoke exhaust treatment unit 40.

As shown in the figure, in the training room 10B, a thick smoke zone, which is a high-temperature area at the upper side of the internal space where thick smoke S exists, and a visible zone, which is a low-temperature area at the lower side where visibility is not obstructed by thick smoke S, are formed. Therefore, the training subject H can be active in the visible zone, but in the vicinity of the combustion section 10A, the temperature of the visible zone also rises due to radiant heat from the combustion section 10A.

The smoke exhaust processing unit 40 exhausts the thick smoke S from the exhaust port 24, renders it harmless by processing it, for example by burning it, and releases it into the outside air.

To realize the above configuration, it is necessary to provide at least a combustion section 10A and a training room 10B in which the trainee H can be active inside the main body 10, so the main body 10 becomes large. For this reason, as described in Patent Document 1, such a main body 10 is obtained by providing a door 23, etc. to an ISO-standard steel 40-ft container (external dimensions: length approximately 12 m, width 2.4 m, height 2.6 m), for example. This makes it possible to make the main body 10 itself inexpensive and easily ensure its mechanical strength, etc.

Even during combustion, the temperature inside the training room 10B is maintained at a level that allows trainee H to be active, particularly in the lower part of the internal space. In contrast, because the main body 10 is made of steel, which has high thermal conductivity as mentioned above, plywood or the like is actually laid on the bottom of the training room 10B for insulation. This limits the heat transfer from the combustion section 10A from the floor side to trainee H, allowing trainee H to train safely.

JP 2011-34024 A

In the above structure, the plywood on the floor of the training room 10B could become very hot due to the radiant heat from the combustion unit 10A and be burned. Similarly, the temperature of the space where the training subject H was present could also rise due to the radiant heat.

For this reason, it was desirable to improve the durability of real-fire training equipment that would not expose trainees to high temperatures.

The present invention was made in consideration of these problems, and aims to provide an invention that solves the above problems.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configuration.
The real fire training apparatus of the present invention is a real fire training apparatus in which a combustion section which generates smoke by causing combustion and a training room which is a space for accommodating trainees are formed adjacent to each other in the first direction inside a main body section having an internal space of a substantially rectangular shape extending in a first direction along the horizontal direction as a longitudinal direction, and the training room and the combustion section are partitioned in the first direction at the upper side inside the main body section by a smoke partition plate having a plate-like configuration which intersects with the first direction, and are configured to communicate in the first direction at the lower side inside the main body section, and extend along the first direction from the side opposite to the side where the combustion section is located toward the side where the combustion section is located, and are partitioned in the first direction by a smoke partition plate having a plate-like configuration which intersects with the first direction in the horizontal direction, and are partitioned in the first direction by a smoke partition plate having a plate-like configuration which intersects with the first ... the first direction intersects with the first direction and is fixed inside the training room in close proximity to the bottom surface, and through which cooling water flows; and a sprinkler section which is connected to an end of the water passing section on the combustion section side so as to allow the cooling water to flow and extends in a direction intersecting the first direction and is provided inside the training room so as to spray the cooling water around that direction and is rotatable around the first direction relative to the water passing section, and is equipped with a sprinkler mechanism which can be switched between a first state in which the sprinkler section is brought close to the bottom surface by rotating the sprinkler section so that the end of the sprinkler section opposite the water passing section moves to the other of the two side surfaces, and a second state in which the sprinkler section is brought close to one of the two side surfaces by rotating the sprinkler section so that the end of the sprinkler section moves to one of the two side surfaces.
Each of the two side surfaces may be regarded as one of the two sides, and the water sprinkling mechanism may be provided corresponding to each of the two side surfaces.
The cooling water may be sprayed from a plurality of spray holes provided in the spray section along an extension direction of the spray section.
The bottom surface of the main body may be installed so that the side on which the combustion section is formed is higher than the side on which the training chamber is formed.
The bottom surface may comprise a surface constructed from wood.

As the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to increase the durability of a real fire training device that does not expose trainees to high temperatures.

1 is a perspective view showing a structure of a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; 1A and 1B are a top perspective view and a rear perspective view, respectively, of a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention while water is being sprayed; 1A and 1B are a top perspective view and a rear perspective view, respectively, of a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention when water is not being sprayed. FIG. 2 is a top view of the water sprinkling mechanism in the real fire training apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention while water is being sprinkled. 1 is a rear view of a water sprinkling mechanism in a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a state in which water is being sprinkled (solid lines) and a state in which water is not being sprinkled (dotted lines). FIG. FIG. 13 is an enlarged side view of the sprinkling mechanism when sprinkling water is being performed. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a conventional real fire training apparatus.

A real fire training device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a real fire training device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Here, the combustion platform 21 and the training subject H in FIG. 7 are similar, but are omitted from the illustration. Below, a case will be described in which the x-axis (left-right direction in the figure), y-axis (direction intersecting the paper in the figure: the back of the paper is the positive side), and z-axis (up-down direction in the figure) are taken as shown in FIG. 1. As with the real fire training device 9 described above, the inside of the main body 10 is divided into a combustion section 10A and a training room 10B in the x-direction (first direction) by a smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 22.

As shown in FIG. 1, a bottom plate 11A is laid on the bottom surface 11 of the training room 10B in the main body 10 (on the negative side in the x-direction from the smoke adjustment flapper 22) to suppress heat conduction from the bottom surface to the trainee H. The bottom plate 11A is made of, for example, plywood (wood), and is laid in the area where the trainee H is training. In addition, a side surface 12 (the back side in FIG. 1: the positive side in the y-direction) and a side surface 13 (not shown in FIG. 1: the negative side in the y-direction) that constitute the training room 10B are provided in the main body 10.

In FIG. 1, a sprinkler mechanism 50 is provided on the bottom surface 11 and side surface 12 of the main body 10, extending from the left side (negative side in the x direction) to the end of the bottom plate 11A on the combustion section 10A side. Although not shown, a similar sprinkler mechanism is provided symmetrically in the y direction on the front side of the main body 10 (negative side in the y direction), as described below. In reality, the main body 10 is installed at an incline so that the left side (negative side in the x direction) in FIG. 1 is slightly lower, and with this structure, for example, drainage from within the main body 10 is performed from the left side in the figure. Because this angle of inclination is slight, the figure shown here is described as having this angle of inclination as zero (horizontal).

2(a) is a top perspective view of the structure in the main body 10 as seen from above (positive side in the z direction), and FIG. 2(b) is a rear perspective view of the same structure as seen from the negative side in the x direction, in which the side 13 and the water sprinkling mechanism 50, which are omitted in FIG. 1, are also shown. While combustion is taking place in the combustion section 10A and heat is being generated (while the real fire training device 1 is being used), water is sprinkled on the bottom plate 11A of the main body 10 in the training room 10B using the water sprinkling mechanism 50. On the other hand, when combustion is not taking place in the combustion section 10A (while the real fire training device 1 is not being used), water is not sprinkled, and the water sprinkling mechanism 50 is in a different mode from when water is being sprinkled. FIG. 2 shows the structure when water is being sprinkled.

On the other hand, Fig. 3(a) and (b) are top and rear perspective views corresponding to Fig. 2(a) and (b) when no water is being sprayed. Fig. 4 is a detailed view of the structure of the water spray mechanism 50 at the top of Fig. 2(a), and Fig. 5 is a detailed view of the structure of the water spray mechanism 50 corresponding to Fig. 2(b). In Fig. 5, the shape of the water spray mechanism 50 corresponding to Fig. 3(b) is also shown by dotted lines. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the water spray mechanism 50 is installed on the y-direction end side (side surface 12 side) of the bottom surface 11 of the main body 10 so as to extend from the front chamber 30 side (negative side in the x direction) to the combustion section 10A side (positive side in the x direction).

2(a) and 4, the water sprinkler mechanism 50 includes a water passage section 51 that extends along the x direction and through which water (cooling water) flows from the negative side of the x direction to the positive side, and a water sprinkler section 52 that is connected to the end of the water passage section 51 on the combustion section 10A side (positive side of the x direction) and extends perpendicular to it. The water sprinkler section 52 is set so that its tip faces the negative side of the y direction in the state shown in FIG. 2(a) (water sprinkling is being performed), and is set so that it can rotate along the z direction so that its tip faces the positive side of the z direction in the state shown in FIG. 3(a) (water not being sprinkled). Note that in practice, a structure for fixing the water passage section 51 to the main body section 10 is appropriately used, but its description is omitted in FIGS. 1 to 3.

The water passage section 51 is configured by connecting the first water passage section 511 fixed in the main body section 10 and the second water passage section 512, which is rotatable around the extension direction (x direction) relative to the first water passage section 511, with a rotary joint 513. Both the first water passage section 511 and the second water passage section 512 extend along the x direction. The rotary joint 513 is configured to allow cooling water (water or cooling medium) to flow between them while sealing water using an O-ring or the like and allowing the entire structure on the tip side of the second water passage section 512 to rotate relative to the first water passage section 511 as described below. The water passage section 51 is installed near and along both corners of the lower side of the internal space of the approximately rectangular main body section 10 as shown in Figures 2 and 3 so that it does not interfere with the activities of the training subject H even if it is fixed.

The water sprinkler section 52 is fixed to the second water passage section 512 via a connecting section 514 perpendicular to the second water passage section 512, and the water flowing through the water passage section 51 continues to flow through the connecting section 514. As shown in FIG. 5 (FIG. 2(a)), the water sprinkler section 52 is provided with a water sprinkler tube 521 extending in the y direction in the state of FIG. 5 (FIG. 2(a)), a tip section 522 at its tip (the end on the negative side of the y direction), and a closing plug 523 provided below the tip section 522 to close the water passage. The water sprinkler tube 521 is formed with a plurality of small-diameter water sprinkler holes 52A arranged along its extension direction, and the water supplied from the water passage section 51 is discharged to the outside from the water sprinkler holes 52A. As described above, the main body section 10 is inclined so that the negative side of the x direction is lower, so this water is discharged from the opposite side to the combustion section 10A after cooling the bottom plate 11A.

Also, FIG. 6 is an enlarged view (side view) of the sprinkler section 52 when watering is being performed in FIG. 5, as viewed from the negative side in the y direction. In this state, the closing plug 523 abuts against the bottom surface (bottom plate 11A) of the main body, so that in FIG. 5, the distance between the sprinkler pipe 521 and the bottom plate 11A can be made constant. Also, as shown in FIG. 6, the sprinkler hole 52A is formed at an angle of 45° downward in the horizontal direction (negative side in the x direction) as viewed from the central axis of the sprinkler pipe 521, for example. Therefore, if water is sprayed from the sprinkler hole 52A in the state of FIG. 5, the bottom plate 11A can be efficiently cooled. This also suppresses the rise in temperature in the training room 10B. By setting such an angle, it is possible to efficiently cool the bottom plate 11A, especially on the lower side and the training room 10B side. Also, this angle does not need to be common for multiple sprinkler holes 52A. Alternatively, the spacing between the water sprinkler holes 52A does not need to be constant; depending on the configuration of the combustion chamber 10A, if there is a location in the y direction where the temperature is particularly likely to rise, the density of the water sprinkler holes 52A in this location may be increased (shortened spacing).

In the solid line configuration (first state) in Figure 5, the water spraying section 52 is located above the base plate 11A on which the trainee H places his/her feet, but as shown in Figure 2(a), the water spraying section 52 is located near the combustion section 10A where the trainee H does not normally place his/her feet, so it is unlikely to be an obstacle to the work of the trainee H.

On the other hand, such watering does not need to be done all the time, and watering should be done only when the temperature inside the bottom plate 11A or the training room 10B becomes high. For this reason, when watering is not being done, the watering section 52 is in the form shown by the dotted lines in Figure 3 or Figure 5 (second state). In this state, the watering section 52 is in a form that conforms to the surfaces of the sides 12, 13 inside the main body 10, so it is less likely to impede the work of the training subject H.

In the above, only the upper watering mechanism 50 (positive side of the y direction) in Figures 2(a) and 3(a) has been described, but the lower watering mechanism (negative side of the y direction) in these figures has a structure that is symmetrical on the positive and negative sides of the y direction to the above watering mechanism 50. Therefore, by performing similar operations in the two watering mechanisms 50, it is possible to suppress the rise in temperature of the entire bottom plate 11A and suppress the rise in temperature inside the training room 10B.

In addition, in FIG. 2, only a single sprinkling mechanism 50 (for example, only the upper side in the figure) may be provided to sprinkle water over the entire area of the bottom plate 11A in the y direction. However, in this case, the sprinkling section 52 of the sprinkling mechanism 50 needs to be made longer in accordance with the width of the bottom surface 11 in the y direction. In this case, in the state of FIG. 3 where sprinkling is not performed, depending on the configuration of the main body 10, the long sprinkling section 52 may interfere with the ceiling of the main body 10. In contrast, when two sprinkling mechanisms 50 are provided symmetrically as shown in FIG. 2, the length of the sprinkling section 52 can be made about half the width, so that the sprinkling section 52 is prevented from interfering with the ceiling. When an ISO-standard container (40 ft, etc.) made of steel plates is used as the main body 10, the size of its internal space (length (x direction), width (y direction), height (z direction)) is limited to a certain value in advance, and for example, only the height and width cannot be changed, so this configuration is particularly effective.

Switching between the configuration in FIG. 2 (configuration when watering is performed) and the configuration in FIG. 3 (configuration when watering is not performed) can be performed by the training subject H manually operating the watering section 52, but can also be performed by electrically rotating the second water passage section 512.

The above configuration is particularly effective when at least a portion of the bottom surface 11 is made of flammable wood with low heat resistance (such as plywood), as the bottom plate 11A is cooled efficiently by the above configuration. However, even if the bottom surface 11 is made of other materials, the above configuration is effective because it is possible to at least suppress the rise in temperature inside the training room 10B.

In addition, in the above configuration, the combustion section 10A and the training room 10B in the main body 10 are separated by a smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 22 on the upper side within the main body 10, and are formed so as to be in communication with each other on the lower side of the smoke control flapper 22. In this configuration, the temperature of the bottom surface 11 in the training room 10B is particularly likely to rise, so the above configuration is particularly effective. However, even if the combustion chamber and training room are arranged in a different manner within the main body, if they are adjacent (close to each other), the above configuration is effective because it is possible to suppress the rise in temperature on the training room side.

In addition, in Figure 2 etc., the water spray unit 52 is configured by connecting straight pipes, but the shape of the water spray unit is arbitrary as long as it can achieve the same function.

The present invention has been described above based on an embodiment. This embodiment is merely an example, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible in the combination of the components, and that such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention.

1, 9 Real fire training device 10 Main body 10A Combustion section 10B Training room 11 Bottom surface 11A Bottom plate 12, 13 Side surface 21 Combustion table 22 Smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate)
23 Door 24 Exhaust port 30 Front chamber 40 Smoke treatment unit 50 Sprinkler mechanism 51 Water passage section 52 Sprinkler section 52A Sprinkler hole 511 First water passage section 512 Second water passage section 513 Rotary joint 514 Connection section 521 Sprinkler pipe 522 Tip section 523 Closing plug A Combustible object F Flame H Training subject S Thick smoke

Claims (5)

A real fire training device, comprising: a main body having an internal space of a substantially rectangular shape extending in a first direction along a horizontal direction; a combustion section which generates smoke by causing combustion; and a training room which is a space for accommodating trainees, the combustion section being adjacent to the training room in the first direction;
The training room and the combustion section are partitioned in the first direction on the upper side inside the main body by a smoke partition plate having a plate-like configuration intersecting the first direction, and are configured to communicate in the first direction on the lower side inside the main body,
a water passage section that extends from the side opposite to the side where the combustion section is located along the first direction toward the side where the combustion section is located, and is fixed inside the training room adjacent to one of two side surfaces inside the training room that horizontally intersect with a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a bottom surface inside the training room, and through which cooling water flows;
A water spray unit is connected to the end of the water passage unit on the combustion unit side to allow the cooling water to flow, extends in a direction intersecting the first direction, and is provided inside the training room so as to spray the cooling water around the first direction, and is rotatable around the first direction relative to the water passage unit;
having
a first state in which the sprinkler unit is rotated so that an end portion of the sprinkler unit opposite to the water passage unit moves to the other of the two side surfaces, thereby bringing the sprinkler unit close to the bottom surface;
a second state in which the sprinkler unit is rotated so that the end portion of the sprinkler unit moves to one of the two side surfaces, thereby bringing the sprinkler unit close to the one of the two side surfaces; and
A real fire training device comprising a switchable water sprinkler mechanism. The real fire training device according to claim 1, characterized in that the two sides are each defined as one side, and the water sprinkler mechanism is provided corresponding to each of the two sides. The real fire training device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cooling water is sprayed from a plurality of spray holes provided in the spray section along the extension direction of the spray section. The real fire training device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bottom surface of the main body is installed so that the side where the combustion section is formed is higher than the side where the training room is formed. The real fire training device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bottom surface has a surface made of wood.

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