JP7451843B2 - Formwork, formwork sets and formwork structures - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a mold, a mold set, and a mold structure for forming a foundation structure by pouring a hydraulic composition such as concrete, cement, or mortar.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, in air conditioning equipment for buildings, a large number of outdoor units are installed on the roof of the building, and the indoor units installed inside the building are connected by piping to the outdoor units. For this reason, a hut-like structure (so-called pigeon coop) 1 is installed on the roof of the building as shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1, and the pipes are passed through the side wall of this structure 1. It is installed between the indoor unit and the outdoor unit. Furthermore, when installing a machine on the roof of a building, a basic structure for installing the machine is also provided.

When constructing a foundation structure with the above configuration, a formwork made of wood is placed at the installation location, and a hydraulic composition such as concrete is poured into the space surrounded by the formwork. The formwork was removed after the hydraulic composition had hardened.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-318482

By the way, in constructing a foundation structure, experience and labor are required to create wooden formwork on site. In particular, it was time consuming to connect adjacent wooden forms at the same angles while maintaining watertightness. Furthermore, since the removed formwork is difficult to reuse and is discarded, it also poses a problem from an environmental protection perspective.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a mold that can easily construct cured bodies of hydraulic compositions in various shapes.

In order to achieve the above object, a mold as one aspect of the present invention is for molding a hydraulic composition, and is formed at a molding part in contact with the hydraulic composition, and on both left and right sides of the molding part, and a connecting portion that comes into contact with an adjacent mold, and at least one of the connecting portions may have a tapered surface or a reverse tapered surface that is inclined with respect to the molding portion. The molded part and the connecting part may be integrally formed of fiber-reinforced plastic containing reinforcing fibers and synthetic resin.

Moreover, it is good also as a formwork set using the said formwork. Specifically, it is a set of molds for molding a hydraulic composition, comprising a first mold and a second mold disposed adjacent to the first mold, the first mold comprises a first molded part in contact with the hydraulic composition, and a first connection part formed on both left and right sides of the first molded part and abuts on adjacent molds, and the second mold is made of a hydraulic composition. A second molding part that comes into contact with the composition; and a second connecting part that is formed on both left and right sides of the second molding part and comes into contact with an adjacent mold, and the first mold is connected to at least the second mold The first connecting portion on the side that comes into contact with the molding portion has a tapered surface that is inclined with respect to the first molding portion, and the second connecting portion on the side that comes into contact with the first molding portion has a tapered surface that is inclined with respect to the first molding portion, and It is also possible to use a mold set having an inverted tapered surface that is inclined with respect to the second molding part.

In the formwork set, at least one of the first molding part and the first connecting part of the first molding part and the second molding part and the second connecting part of the second molding part contain reinforcing fibers and a synthetic resin. It may be integrally formed of fiber reinforced plastic. Further, the first mold frame has a tapered surface in which the first connecting portions on both the left and right sides are inclined with respect to the first molding portion, and the second mold frame has a tapered surface in which the second connecting portions on both the left and right sides are connected to the second molding portion. It may also be configured to have a reverse tapered surface that is inclined with respect to the molded portion.

Further, the formwork structure including the formwork set may include a formwork unit in which the first formwork and the first formwork are connected via the second formwork. .

According to the above aspect, since the connecting portion of the mold of the present invention has a tapered surface or a reverse tapered surface that is inclined with respect to the molding portion, the connecting portion of the adjacent mold and the connecting portion can be brought into contact with each other. , it becomes possible to adjust the angle between adjacent molded parts, and it becomes possible to easily construct cured bodies of hydraulic compositions in various shapes.

Front perspective view showing an embodiment of the first formwork of the present invention Rear perspective view of the first formwork Top view of the first formwork Front perspective view showing an embodiment of the second formwork of the present invention Rear perspective view of the second formwork BB sectional view in Figure 5 A plan view showing a formwork structure made up of only the first formwork A perspective view of a basic structure formed using the formwork structure shown in Figure 7 A plan view of a formwork structure composed of a first formwork and a second formwork Exploded perspective view of the formwork unit of the present invention A perspective view of a basic structure formed using the formwork structure shown in Figure 9

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings. In this embodiment, an example of a formwork set using a first formwork and a second formwork as a formwork for molding a basic structure for machine installation will be described.

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of the first formwork of this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the first formwork of this embodiment. As shown in the figure, the first mold 1 includes a first molding part 2 in contact with the hydraulic composition, and first connecting parts 3, 3 formed on both left and right sides of the first molding part 2 and in contact with the adjacent molds. Equipped with. In addition, in the figure, arrows X, Y, and Z indicate the left-right direction, height direction, and thickness direction of the formwork, respectively. Furthermore, in the thickness direction Z, Z1 indicates the outer direction of the formwork, and Z2 indicates the inner direction of the formwork.

A first stepped portion 4 is formed in the first molded portion 2 . The first connecting portion 3 has a tapered surface that is inclined with respect to the first molded portion 2. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, when the first formwork 1 is viewed from above, the tapered surface is defined as a line between an extension line A passing through the surface of the first forming part 2 and the surface of the first connecting part 3. A surface that is inclined at an angle α<90°. In this embodiment, α is set to 45°.

FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the second formwork of this embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a rear perspective view of the second formwork of this embodiment. The second mold 5 includes a second molded part 6 that comes into contact with the hydraulic composition, and second connecting parts 7, 7 that are formed on both left and right sides of the second molded part 6 and that come into contact with the adjacent molds. The arrows X, Y, and Z are the same as in the first formwork 1. A second stepped portion 8 is formed in the second molded portion 6 .

The second connecting portion 7 has a reverse tapered surface that is inclined with respect to the second molded portion 6. Here, as shown in FIG. 6, the reverse tapered surface is defined as the extension line C passing through the surface of the second forming part 6 and the surface of the second connecting part 7 when the second formwork 5 is viewed from above. A surface that is inclined at an angle β between 90°<β<180°. In this embodiment, β is set to 135°. That is, in this embodiment, it is set so that α+β=180°. Thereby, by connecting the first mold frame to the left and right sides of the second mold frame 5, it becomes possible to substantially extend the first molding part 2 in the left-right direction.

The shape of the second formwork 5 is such that when two first formworks 1 are arranged side by side in the left-right direction X and in contact with each other, the shape of the two first molding parts 2 arranged in the left-right direction The shape is such that the gap is filled exactly. That is, the first molding section 2 and the second molding section 6 form a continuous molding surface. Thus, in this embodiment, the second formwork 5 functions as a joint member that extends the length of the first formwork 1 in the left-right direction X.

The first formwork 1 includes a reinforcing section 9 that reinforces the first molding section 2 and the first connecting section 3. The reinforcing portion 9 is formed on the back side of the first formwork 1 that is opposite to the front side that is in contact with the hydraulic composition. The reinforcing portion 9 is composed of reinforcing ribs formed in the left-right direction X and/or the height direction Y. The first molded part 2, the first connecting part 3, and the reinforcing part 9 are integrally formed of fiber-reinforced plastic (hereinafter sometimes referred to as FRP) containing reinforcing fibers and synthetic resin. The second mold 5 also includes a reinforcing portion 9 like the first mold 1, and the second molding portion 6, second connecting portion 7, and reinforcing portion 9 are integrally formed of FRP.

As a result, the first formwork 1 and the second formwork 5 (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as formworks 1 and 5) of the present invention have high strength while being lighter than wooden formworks. Be prepared. Therefore, the work of assembling the formworks 1 and 5 on site becomes easy, and labor can be reduced. Furthermore, when the formworks 1 and 5 are peeled off from the hardened body of the hydraulic composition such as concrete or mortar, damage to the formworks 1 and 5 can be suppressed. Reuse becomes possible.

The first molding part 2 or the second molding part 6 (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as the molding part 2 or 6), the first connecting part 3 or the second connecting part 7 (hereinafter abbreviated as the connecting part 3 or 7) ) and the reinforcing part 9 can be integrally formed by, for example, introducing an FRP composition containing reinforcing fibers and a synthetic resin into the molds of the molds 1 and 5, and press-molding the composition. The molded part 2 or 6, the connecting part 3 or 7, and the reinforcing part 3 can be integrally molded.

When molding FRP, it is preferable that the FRP composition has sufficient fluidity to reach every corner of the mold during molding. Therefore, it is preferable that the reinforcing fibers include short fibers. Here, the short fibers preferably have an average fiber length of 3 mm to 15 mm.

As the reinforcing fibers, in addition to glass fibers, synthetic resin fibers can also be used. In particular, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (hereinafter referred to as CFRP) using carbon fibers have the advantage of being superior in strength to FRPs using other fibers, such as glass fibers.Synthetic resins used in FRPs include , unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, etc., but are not limited to these.

A method for constructing a formwork structure using formworks 1 and 5 having the above configuration will be explained. FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a formwork structure 10 constructed using only the first formwork 1, and FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a foundation structure formed using the formwork structure 10 shown in FIG. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 8, in order to form a square foundation structure 11 in plan view, four first formworks 1 with crosspieces S1 interposed between them and the installation surface are used as shown in FIG. Then, the adjacent first connecting portions 3, 3 are connected to each other. Since the first connection part 3 of the first formwork 1 of the present invention has a tapered surface inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the first molding part 2, the first connection part 3 of the first formwork 1 of the present invention By bringing the connecting portions 3, 3 into contact with each other, it is possible to easily set the angle between the adjacent first molded portions 2, 2 to 90°.

Furthermore, watertightness can be easily ensured by connecting the adjacent first connecting portions 3, 3 with appropriate fastening members such as bolts and nuts. Then, a hydraulic composition is injected into the space surrounded by the four first formworks 1, and after the hydraulic composition is cured, the first formworks 1 are removed to form the basic structure 11. be able to. In addition, since the hydraulic composition does not enter the boundary between the adjacent first connection parts 2, 2, it is possible to remove the first formwork 1 from the cured body of the hydraulic composition without damaging it. Therefore, reuse of the first formwork can be further promoted.

The crosspiece S1 is made of a wooden square lumber, and the inner surface of the crosspiece S1 and the first molded part 2 of the first formwork 1 are flush with each other, and both ends of the crosspiece S1 and the first connecting part 3 are flush with each other. formed to be one. That is, both ends of the crosspiece S1 are tapered surfaces having the same angle as the angle α of the first connecting portion 3. A frame-shaped body is formed by connecting both ends of the crosspiece S1.

As shown in FIG. 2, the width of the bottom surface of the first formwork 1 in the Z direction is widened at two locations on both the left and right ends, and these wide portions are used as fixing portions 1a, 1a. The fixing parts 1a, 1a are fixed onto the crosspiece S1 with screws or the like. As described above, the crosspiece S1 has both a function as a part of the first formwork 1 and a function as a spacer.

Here, the function as a spacer is a gap (space) for pushing the first formwork 1 downward when demolding the cured product obtained by curing the hydraulic composition. It refers to the function that ensures the When installing the first formwork 1, the spacer also has the function of first installing the crosspiece S1 in a predetermined position and then fixing the first formwork 1 on top of the crosspiece S1.

As shown in FIG. 8, the basic structure 11 has a shape in which a lower rectangular parallelepiped part 12 and an upper rectangular parallelepiped part 13 are integrally molded, and the upper rectangular parallelepiped part 13 has a larger diameter than the lower rectangular parallelepiped part 12. It is formed. As a result, the horizontal peripheral edge portion of the upper rectangular parallelepiped portion 13 has a shape that extends in the horizontal direction more than the lower rectangular parallelepiped portion 12, and the lower surface of this overhang portion serves as the draining portion 14.

As mentioned above, in addition to being able to construct the formwork structure 10 using only the first formwork 1, it is also possible to construct the formwork structure 15 using the first formwork 1 and the second formwork 5 as a set. You can also do it. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a formwork structure constructed using the first formwork and the second formwork as a formwork set, and FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a formwork structure constructed using the formwork structure shown in FIG. FIG.

The basic structure 16 shown in FIG. 11 has a substantially rectangular shape in plan view. In order to form the foundation structure 16 having a rectangular shape in plan view in this way, as shown in FIG. Arrange them so that they are in contact with each other side by side. A second formwork 5 is arranged between the first formworks 1, 1 arranged side by side so as to fill the gap between the two first formworks 1, 1. A crosspiece S2 is interposed between the second formwork 5 and the installation surface.

The crosspiece S2 is made of a wooden square lumber, and the connecting portions 7 between both ends of the crosspiece S2 and the second formwork are arranged so that the inner surface of the crosspiece S2 and the second molded part 6 of the second formwork 5 are flush with each other. are formed so that they are flush with each other. That is, both ends of the crosspiece S2 are inverted tapered surfaces having the same angle as the angle β of the second connection portion. Both ends of the crosspiece S2 are connected to the adjacent crosspiece S1.

As described above, on two corresponding sides extending in the longitudinal direction of the formwork structure 15, the first formworks 1, 1 arranged side by side form the formwork unit 17 connected via the second formwork 5. By using this, the width of the first molding part 2 can be substantially extended in the left-right direction X, and it becomes possible to mold a cured body having a rectangular shape in plan view.

It is also possible to further connect the first formwork 1 in the left-right direction of the formwork unit 17 via the second formwork 5, and in this way, the left-right direction X of the formwork structure 15 can be connected as necessary. The length can be extended. In addition, although this embodiment has described extending the left and right length of the formwork structure 15 in one direction, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is also possible to extend the formwork unit 17 in both directions. .

Moreover, in the formwork unit 17, since the boundary between the first formwork 1 and the second formwork 5 is inclined with respect to the first molding part 2 (and the second molding part 6), the formwork structure When the hydraulic composition is injected into the mold 15, the pressure of the hydraulic composition applied to the second mold 5 brings the first mold 1 and the second mold 5 into close contact, improving watertightness. be able to.

Thereby, it is possible to effectively prevent the hydraulic composition from penetrating into the boundary between the first formwork 1 and the second formwork 5. Therefore, after the hydraulic composition is cured, it becomes possible to remove the first formwork 1 and the second formwork 5 from the cured product of the hydraulic composition without damaging the first formwork 1 and the second formwork 5. It is possible to promote li-concave formation in frame 5.

Any known connection method can be used without limitation as a method for connecting the first connection parts or the first connection part and the second connection part. In this embodiment, a plurality of bolt holes (not shown) are formed in the connecting portion 5, and as described above, bolts and nuts can be used as the fastening means, and a clamp member for a formwork can also be used.

In the above embodiment, the left-right length of the second molding part 6 is formed shorter than the left-right length of the first molding part 2, and the second molding part 5 connects the first molding part 1 side by side. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is also possible to increase the left and right length of the second molded part 6. Moreover, even with the same first formwork (or second formwork), it is also possible to use a plurality of types having different left and right lengths.

In addition, the first molding part 2 of the first mold 1 and the second molding part 6 of the second mold 5 both have a stepped shape when viewed from the side, but the shapes of the molding parts 2 and 6 are It can be changed as appropriate. For example, the shape of the first molded part 2 and/or the second molded part 6 may not only be planar, but also convex, concave, convexly curved, concavely curved, or have a stepped shape in plan view. It is also possible to do this.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the formworks 1 and 5 are made of FRP, but either or both may be made of wood.

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the crosspieces S1 and S2 have been explained separately from the formworks 1 and 5, but the present invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to consider this as an upper type. In particular, although the crosspieces S1 and S2 are made of wood in the above embodiment, they can also be made of FRP, which allows the formwork including the crosspieces to be reused.

Further, in the above embodiment, a case has been described in which short fibers are used as the reinforcing fibers used in FRP, but it is also possible to use woven fabric or nonwoven fabric as the base material in addition to short fibers as the reinforcing fibers. In this case, the reinforcing portion 3 may use only short fibers as reinforcing fibers, and the forming portions 2 and 6 and the connecting portions 3 and 7 may use short fibers and a base material made of woven or nonwoven fabric as reinforcing fibers. . Thereby, the strength of the molding parts 2 and 6 and the connections 3 and 7 can be further increased, and the weight of the molds 1 and 5 can be reduced. Furthermore, it is also possible to use only woven fabric or nonwoven fabric as the reinforcing fiber.

Further, in this embodiment, a case has been described in which a basic structure for installing mechanical equipment, etc. is molded, but the present invention is not limited to this. By connecting the frames 1 and repeating this process, it is also possible to form a concrete wall or the like extending in the left-right direction.

The constituent features disclosed in this embodiment and the above-mentioned modified example can be combined with each other, and new technical features can be formed by combining them.

1 First formwork 2 First molding part 3 First connection part 4 First step part 5 Second formwork 6 Second forming part 7 Second connection part 8 Second step part 9 Reinforcement parts 10, 15 Formwork structure 11, 16 Foundation structure 12 Lower rectangular parallelepiped part 13 Upper rectangular parallelepiped part 14 Draining part 17 Formwork unit

Claims (3)

A mold for molding a hydraulic composition, comprising a molding part in contact with the hydraulic composition, and connecting parts formed on both left and right sides of the molding part and in contact with adjacent molds,
The molded part and the connecting part are integrally formed of fiber-reinforced plastic containing reinforcing fibers and synthetic resin ,
The molding part has a stepped part formed protruding inward in the thickness direction of the mold at an intermediate part in the height direction,
At least one of the connection parts has a tapered surface or a reverse tapered surface that is inclined with respect to the molding part and is continuously formed on the same plane from an upper end to a lower end of the mold. A set of molds for molding a hydraulic composition, comprising a first mold and a second mold disposed adjacent to the first mold,
The first molding frame includes a first molding part that comes into contact with the hydraulic composition, and a first connecting part that is formed on both left and right sides of the first molding part and comes into contact with the adjacent molding part,
The second molding frame includes a second molding part that comes into contact with the hydraulic composition, and a second connecting part that is formed on both left and right sides of the second molding part and comes into contact with the adjacent molding part,
The first molding part and the first connecting part of the first mold and the second molding part and the second connecting part of the second mold are integrally formed of fiber-reinforced plastic containing reinforcing fibers and synthetic resin. is,
The first molding part has a first stepped part formed to protrude inward in the thickness direction of the first formwork at an intermediate part in the height direction,
The second molding part has a second step part that is formed to protrude inward in the thickness direction of the second formwork at an intermediate part in the height direction,
The first step portion and the second step portion are formed to have the same height and the same width in the thickness direction,
The first formwork is continuous on the same plane from the upper end to the lower end of the first formwork, and at least the first connecting part on the side that contacts the second formwork is inclined with respect to the first molding part. It has a tapered surface formed by
The second formwork is continuous on the same plane from the upper end to the lower end of the second formwork, with at least the second connecting part on the side that contacts the first formwork being inclined with respect to the second molding part. A formwork set with an inverted tapered surface. A formwork structure comprising the formwork set according to claim 2 , comprising a formwork unit in which the first formwork and the first formwork are connected via the second formwork. frame structure.

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