JP7450417B2 - Concrete parts and segments - Google Patents

Description

The present invention can ensure strength even when external forces such as earth pressure are large in concrete members and segments that constitute the cylindrical walls of shield tunnels, including road tunnels buried deep underground, for example. Concerning concrete members and segments.

In general, in a shield tunnel or the like provided in a deep section, earth pressure, groundwater pressure, building load, etc. are applied, so the external force acting on the segments forming the tunnel wall becomes large. Therefore, the degree of compressive stress applied to the segment body and the joint increases. On the other hand, the joint portion that connects adjacent segments is a tension member and cannot ensure compressive force.
Therefore, when an RC segment is used, it is necessary to increase the thickness so that it can withstand external forces, which increases the outer diameter of the tunnel, making it uneconomical and costly.

For example, a synthetic segment described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed as a segment that can withstand such external forces and has a reduced thickness. In this composite segment, a substantially H-shaped main steel plate, which is formed by connecting upper and lower plate-shaped steel plates with bundles, is buried in concrete between the compression transmission members exposed on opposing joint surfaces.
By adjusting the compressive force by interposing a wedge between the compression transmitting material and the main steel plate, the compressive force applied to the opposing end face due to external force can be absorbed by dispersing it from the compression transmitting material to the main steel plate. . As a result, excessive compressive force is not applied to the segments, and the joint surface is prevented from collapsing.

Patent No. 5285933

However, in the composite segment described in Patent Document 1 mentioned above, wedge members are driven from opposite directions between the compression transmitting member and the main steel plate to set the compressive force that opposes the external force. Adjustment was complicated.

The present invention was made in view of these problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide concrete members and segments that have a large compressive resistance and can reinforce strength even when a high compressive force is applied. do.

The concrete member according to the present invention is a concrete member having opposing end surfaces, and includes compression transmitting materials exposed and disposed on each of the opposing end surfaces, and a steel member disposed between the opposing compression transmitting materials. The present invention is characterized by comprising a member, and a fixing member that is movably connected to one of the compression transmission material and the steel member and abuts or is fixed to the other.
In the present invention, the compression transmitting material, the fixing tool, and the steel member are connected to one of the compression transmitting material and the steel member in the concrete member by feeding out and adjusting the fixing tool to abut or fix the other. They can be arranged continuously, and even if pressure is applied to the abutting portions of the compression transmitting materials of the concrete member, it can be received by being dispersed among the compression transmitting material, the anchor, the steel member, and the concrete.

In addition, the fixing device has a nut part, and the steel member has a threaded reinforcing bar or threaded part that is screwed into the nut part, and the nut part advances and retreats while being threaded with the threaded reinforcing bar or threaded part. It is preferable to enable it.
Even if the compression transmission material on the end face of a concrete member and the steel member are separated, the compression transmission material and the steel member can be brought into contact with or fixed to the other by moving a fixing device screwed into one of the steel members back and forth. The fixing device and the steel member can be connected to each other.

Further, a reinforcing bar cage including a steel member may be disposed between opposing compression transmission members.
When the steel member is a part of the reinforcing bar cage, the compressive force applied to the compression transmission material can be dispersed and received by the concrete via the reinforcing bar cage.

Furthermore, compression transmission materials may be disposed above and below the end face, and a joint may be installed between the upper and lower compression transmission materials.
No matter which direction compressive force is applied, it can be received by the compression transmitting members disposed above and below.

The segments according to the present invention are arc-shaped segments that construct a cylindrical wall by connecting a plurality of them with concrete joint surfaces and main girder surfaces, and are arranged so as to be exposed on opposing joint surfaces. a compression transmitting material, a steel member disposed between the opposing compression transmitting materials, and a fixing member that is movably connected to one of the compression transmitting material and the steel member and abuts or is fixed to the other. It is characterized by having the following ingredients.
In the present invention, a fixing tool connected to one of the compression transmitting material and the steel member in a segment so as to be movable and retractable is fed out and adjusted so as to abut or fix the other, thereby continuously connecting the compression transmitting material, the fixing tool, and the steel member. Even if pressure is applied to the abutting portions of the compression transmitting materials of the segments, it can be dispersed and received by the compression transmitting materials, the fixing device, the steel member, and the concrete.

According to the concrete member and segment according to the present invention, the end face of the concrete can be reinforced with the compression transmitting material, and even when a large compressive force is applied, the load can be distributed from the compression transmitting material to the steel member via the fixing device, so it is resistant to High compressive force and high strength.
Moreover, the fixing device is movably connected to one of the compression transmitting material and the steel member and abuts or fixed to the other without using a wedge material, making adjustment work easy and low cost. Since no concrete components are used, compression resistance can be improved without increasing the thickness of concrete members and segments.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a tunnel installed in a deep section according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a segment of the tunnel shown in FIG. 1; It is a front view showing the joint surface of a segment. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA of the segment shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB of the segment shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line CC of the segment shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line DD of the segment shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 4. FIG. (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams showing the manufacturing process of the segment. It is a figure of the connection structure of the steel plate and threaded reinforcement using the first modification of the high nut. It is a figure of the connection structure of the steel plate and threaded reinforcement using the second modification of the high nut. It is a figure which shows the connection structure of the steel plate and main reinforcement using the modified example of a steel plate.

Hereinafter, segments applicable to deep depth sections according to embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 to 9 show a segment 2 used in a tunnel 1 installed in a deep section according to an embodiment of the present invention. The tunnel 1 shown in FIG. 1 is installed at a depth of, for example, 70 m or more from the ground, and a high-rise building B is constructed above the ground. The tunnel 1 has a segment ring 3 in which segments 2 according to the embodiments of the present invention shown in FIGS. 2 to 8 are connected in the circumferential direction and connected in the axial direction to form a cylindrical wall.

The tunnel 1 buried underground is subject to the effects of groundwater pressure and building loads in addition to the effects of earth pressure. In the deep section, earth pressure is applied from the ground surface to a depth of, for example, 70 m or more. Specifically, top vertical earth pressure and bottom vertical earth pressure are applied from the upper and lower sides of the tunnel 1, and horizontal earth pressure is applied from the sides. Furthermore, the load of the groundwater level of underground water flowing underground, and the vertical load and lateral pressure of the high-rise building B installed on the ground are applied.
These loads are applied as bending compressive loads to the joint surface 7 that connects the segments 2 of the segment ring 3 of the tunnel 1. Each segment 2 is required to have a structure that can withstand these compressive loads.

Segment 2 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is an RC segment. This segment 2 is reinforced by a reinforcing bar cage 16, which will be described later, provided inside the segment body made of concrete. The side surfaces of the segment 2 are substantially rectangular and include a pair of main girder surfaces 6 curved in a substantially arc shape in a plane, and a pair of rectangular joint surfaces 7. The segment 2 has a generally rectangular plate shape and is curved into an arcuate shape.
The outer circumferential surface 8 and the inner circumferential surface 9 of the segment 2 are curved surfaces of concrete C, respectively. Joint parts 11 consisting of a male joint and joint parts 11 consisting of a female joint are respectively installed at predetermined intervals on the main girder surfaces 6 on both sides. For example, two sets of M metal fittings 12 as male joints and two sets of F metal fittings 13 as female joints are respectively attached to the joint surfaces 7 on both sides. In addition, the number of male joints and female joints on the joint surface 7 may be one set.

Further, on the joint surface 7 shown in FIG. 3, steel plates 15 are exposed and fixed as compression transmitting materials at the upper and lower parts of the joint surface 7, sandwiching the M hardware 12 and the F hardware 13 therebetween. The upper steel plate 15 is an upper steel plate 15a, and the lower steel plate 15 is a lower steel plate 15b. The upper steel plate 15a and the lower steel plate 15b are formed to have the same length as the width of the joint surface 7.
A reinforcing bar cage 16 shown in FIGS. 4 to 8 is built into the concrete C between the opposing joint surfaces 7. A part of the reinforcing bar cage 16 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Anchor bars 14 extending inside a reinforcing bar basket 16 are fixed in concrete C to M hardware 12 and F hardware 13. The anchor bars 14 may be fixed to or in contact with the reinforcing bar cage 16, or may not be in contact with the reinforcing bar cage 16.

As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6 to 8, the reinforcing bar cage 16 includes a plurality of threaded reinforcing bars 18 as main reinforcing bars (steel members) along the direction of the main girder surface 6 on the outer peripheral surface 8 side of the segment 2. are arranged at predetermined intervals, and a plurality of threaded reinforcing bars 18 are also arranged at predetermined intervals along the direction of the main girder surface 6 on the inner peripheral surface 9 side. These threaded reinforcing bars 18 arranged vertically are surrounded and fixed to each other by distribution bars 19 arranged in orthogonal directions. A plurality of sets of distribution bars 19 are provided at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction of the threaded reinforcing bars 18.

In FIGS. 4 and 8, in one set of distribution bars 19, first distribution bars 19a are arranged in duplicate so as to entirely surround a plurality of threaded reinforcing bars 18 arranged vertically. A second distribution bar 19b is arranged so as to be in contact with the first distribution bar 19a and surround a portion of the threaded reinforcing bars 18 on the left side. Further, a third force distribution bar 19c is arranged so as to be in contact with another set of first force distribution bars 19a and to surround a portion of the threaded reinforcing bars 18 on the right side.
The first to third distribution bars 19a, 19b, and 19c are each wound in a substantially rectangular frame shape in a direction perpendicular to the threaded reinforcing bars 18. The threaded reinforcing bars 18 arranged vertically and the first to third distribution bars 19a, 19b, and 19c are connected by welding or the like, and are arranged in a grid pattern.

Tall nuts 21 are screwed together as fixing devices at both ends of the plurality of threaded reinforcing bars 18 arranged vertically to face each other. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the high nut 21 is integrally formed with an enlarged diameter flange portion 22 provided on the steel plate 15 side and a nut portion 23 into which the threaded reinforcing bar 18 is screwed. Then, with the threaded reinforcing bars 18 of the reinforcing bar cage 16 disposed between the opposing steel plates 15, the high nuts 21 screwed onto both ends of the threaded reinforcing bars 18 are moved back and forth to attach the flange portion 22 to the steel plate 15. It is in contact. The nut portion 23 is set to have a long length so that when it is fed out from the threaded reinforcing bar 18, the female thread portion contacts the steel plate 15 without coming off.
Furthermore, each high nut 21 is attached to each threaded reinforcing bar 18. Threaded reinforcing bars 18, high nuts 21, and steel plates 15 are arranged in the same line.

Therefore, in the segment ring 3 of the tunnel 1, when a load such as earth pressure is applied from the outside to the joint surfaces 7 of the segments 2 that are connected to each other, the compressive load applied to the upper steel plate 15a and the lower steel plate 15b that are in contact with each other is The load is transmitted from the high nut 21 to the reinforcing bar cage 16 including the threaded reinforcing bars 18 and the concrete C, so that the load can be shared and received. It should be noted that the structure of only concrete C from the joint surface 7 to the free end of the threaded reinforcing bar 18 can have the same performance as the main cross section by connecting and arranging the tall nuts 21.
Although omitted in the above description, a seal groove and a seal member may be installed in the main girder surface 6 of the segment 2 and the upper steel plate 15a of the joint surface 7 to prevent water leakage.

The segment 2 according to this embodiment has the above-described configuration, and a method for manufacturing the same will be explained next with reference to FIG. 9.
The formwork 25 shown in FIG. 9(a) has a convexly curved bottom plate 25a facing the inner peripheral surface 9 of the segment 2, and four sides facing the main girder surface 6 and the joint surface 7, respectively. 25b. A reinforcing bar cage 16 formed in a lattice shape with threaded reinforcing bars 18 and distribution bars 19 is installed in the formwork 25. A tall nut 21 is screwed onto both ends of each threaded reinforcing bar 18 or a part of the threaded reinforcing bar 18 .

A male joint and a female joint are each fixed to the side portion 25b facing the main girder surface 6 with screws or the like. The lower steel plate 15b is attached to the lower side of the side portion 25b of the formwork 25 facing the joint surface 7 and fixed with screws or the like. The upper steel plate 15a is attached to the upper side of the side portion 25b and fixed with screws or the like. Then, the high nuts 21 screwed onto both ends of each threaded reinforcing bar 18 are loosened by rotating, and the flange portions 22 of the high nuts 21 are brought into contact with the lower steel plate 15b and the upper steel plate 15a. In this state, the nut portion 23 of the tall nut 21 is maintained in a screwed state with the threaded reinforcing bar 18.
Next, in FIG. 9(b), concrete C is filled and poured through the central opening of the lid part 26 installed in the formwork 25. At this time, the filled concrete C flows through the gaps between the reinforcing bar cages 16 and is filled in the formwork 25 without gaps. By curing the concrete C filled in the formwork 25 and then taking it out from the formwork 25, the RC segment 2 shown in FIG. 9(c) can be manufactured.

Segment rings 3 are constructed by connecting the joint surfaces 7 of the segments 2 according to the embodiment to each other using M hardware 12 and F hardware 13 in a deep section excavated deep underground, and bringing steel plates 15 into contact with each other. Furthermore, the tunnel 1 is constructed by bringing the main girder surfaces 6 of the segments 2 into contact with each other in the axial direction and connecting the male and female joints of the joint portion 11.
In this tunnel 1, loads due to earth pressure, building load, and underground water pressure are applied from the outside to the joint surfaces 7 of adjacent segments 2. Therefore, a large compressive force load is particularly applied to the steel plate 15 on the joint surface 7. However, this compressive force load is transmitted from the steel plate 15 to the high nut 21, the threaded reinforcing bars 18 of the reinforcing bar cage 16, the distribution bars 19, and the concrete C, so that the load is distributed and received.

Therefore, the steel plate 15 can prevent the concrete C on the joint surface 7 from undergoing creep failure. Further, the compressive load applied to the joint surface 7 is distributed to the steel plate 15, the high nut 21, the threaded reinforcing bars 18 of the reinforcing bar cage 16, and the distribution bars 19, thereby preventing damage to the concrete C.
Moreover, since the steel plate 15 and the high nut 21 are arranged above and below the M hardware 12 and the F hardware 13, respectively, even if an uneven load is applied in the vertical direction, the steel plate 15 and the high nut 21 will not receive the load. can.

As described above, according to this embodiment, even if a large compressive force load is applied to the joint surfaces 7 of the segments 2 constructing the tunnel 1 in a deep section, the upper steel plates 15a fixed above and below the joint surfaces 7 Since it is distributed from the lower steel plate 15b to the threaded reinforcing bars 18 and distribution bars 19 of the reinforcing bar cage 16 and the concrete C via the high nuts 21, the compressive resistance and strength are high. Further, the strength of the joint surface 7 of the segment 2 can be reinforced by the upper steel plate 15a and the lower steel plate 15b, and creep failure of the concrete C can be prevented.
Further, the areas near the male joint and female joint where a compression member such as the reinforcing bar cage 16 is not present can be reinforced by the high nut 21.

Moreover, by employing the threaded reinforcing bars 18 as the main reinforcing bars of the reinforcing bar cage 16, adjustment using the tall nuts 21 is made possible. Furthermore, since the high nuts 21 screwed onto the threaded reinforcing bars 18 of the reinforcing bar cage 16 are simply adjusted so as to come into contact with the upper steel plate 15a and the lower steel plate 15b, the compression resistance can be adjusted more easily than with conventional wedge driving. It's easy. Moreover, the compression resistance can be improved without increasing the thickness of the segment 2.
Moreover, since the threaded reinforcing bars 18 of the reinforcing bar cage 16 are continuously arranged in the same line through the high nuts 21 on the upper steel plate 15a and the lower steel plate 15b, earth pressure etc. are applied to the upper steel plate 15a and the lower steel plate 15b. can withstand compressive loads.

Although the segment 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and appropriate changes and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All of these are included in the present invention. Modifications of this embodiment and the like will be described below, but the same or similar parts and members as in the above-described embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 10 shows a first modification of the tall nut 21.
In FIG. 10, a tall nut 21A according to the first modification does not include a flange portion 22 and is comprised only of a long-axis nut portion 23. The tall nut 21A can move forward and backward toward the steel plate 15 side while being screwed onto the threaded reinforcing bar 18.
FIG. 11 shows a tall nut 21B according to a second modification.
In this modification, the high nut 21B does not include the flange portion 22 and is comprised only of the long-axis nut portion 23. Moreover, a male threaded portion 28 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the nut portion 23 on the steel plate 15 side. A recess 29 is formed on the back surface of the steel plate 15 to receive the tip of the high nut 21B, and a female thread 29a is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the recess 29 to be screwed into the male thread 28 of the high nut 21B. The main reinforcing bar 18A is formed of a deformed bar, for example, and has a male threaded portion formed at its end.

Therefore, when adjusting the position of the tall nut 21B with respect to the steel plate 15 fixed to the side part 25b of the formwork 25 during the manufacture of the segment 2, the male threaded part 28 of the nut part 23 is screwed into the female threaded part 29a of the recessed part 29. do. Thereby, the high nut 21B is fixed to the steel plate 15 with higher strength, and the transmission of compressive force due to earth pressure or the like becomes more reliable.

In addition, it is not necessary to provide the female thread part 29a in the recessed part 29 of the steel plate 15, and in this case, there is no need to form the male thread part 28 in the tall nut 21B. Even in this case, since the high nut 21B can be fitted into the recess 29 of the steel plate 15 during adjustment, the high nut 21B can be positioned and the holding strength is high.

Moreover, FIG. 12 shows a modification of the steel plate 15.
In this modification, a male threaded portion 31 is connected or formed in a protruding manner on the back surface of the steel plate 15 . The nut portion 23 of the tall nut 21 is screwed into this male threaded portion 31 so that its position can be adjusted. By adjusting the position of the tall nut 21 with respect to the male threaded portion 31, the flange portion 22 can be held in contact with the tip of the main reinforcing bar 18B made of, for example, a deformed bar.
Even in the case of this modification, even if a large compressive force load is applied to the joint surfaces 7 of the segments 2, the reinforcing bar cage is connected to the upper and lower steel plates 15a and 15b fixed above and below the joint surfaces 7 via the high nuts 21. Since it is distributed among 16 main reinforcing bars 18B and distribution bars 19, it has high compression resistance and strength.

Note that the position and shape of the steel plate 15 can be selected as appropriate, and only one of the upper steel plate 15a and the lower steel plate 15b may be installed, and the upper steel plate 15a and the lower steel plate 15b do not necessarily reach the upper and lower surfaces of the segment 2. You don't have to. These steel plates 15 are included in the compression transmission material.
Although the segment 2 according to the embodiment described above is used when installing the tunnel 1 in a deep section underground, the segment 2 according to this embodiment is not limited to a deep section underground. For example, the segment 2 can be applied to a suitable shallow section underground or a tunnel 1 constructed above ground. Furthermore, the tunnel 1 of the present invention can be applied not only to road tunnels but also to railway tunnels, public ditches, sewers, waterworks, underground rivers, storage pipes, and the like.
Note that the segment 2 according to this embodiment is included in the concrete member. Concrete members include flat plate-shaped members that are not curved into a circular arc shape and other appropriate shapes. Further, the main reinforcing bar is not necessarily limited to the threaded reinforcing bar 18, and a columnar bar, a deformed bar, or the like with a male threaded portion formed at the end may be used. Further, the end face includes a joint surface 7. The high nuts 21, 21A, and 21B are included in the fixing device.

1 Tunnel 2 Segment 3 Segment ring 6 Main girder surface 7 Joint surface 12 M hardware 13 F hardware 15 Steel plate 15a Upper steel plate 15b Lower steel plate 16 Rebar cage 18 Threaded joint reinforcement 18A, 18B Main reinforcement 19 Distribution bar 19a First distribution Reinforcement 19b Second distribution reinforcement 19c Third distribution reinforcement 21, 21A, 21B Tall nut 22 Flange portion 23 Nut portion 29 Recess B High-rise building C Concrete

Claims (5)

A concrete member having opposing end surfaces,
Compression transmission materials exposed and disposed on the opposing end surfaces, respectively;
A steel member disposed between the opposing compression transmission materials;
a fixing device that is screwed and connected to one of the compression transmission material and the steel member so that it can move forward and backward, and is in contact with the other;
Equipped with
The fixing device has a length such that it comes into contact with the other of the compression transmission material and the steel member without coming off from one of the compression transmission material and the steel member.
A concrete member characterized by : The fixing device has a nut portion, the steel member has a threaded reinforcing bar or a threaded portion that is screwed into the nut portion,
2. The concrete member according to claim 1, wherein the nut part can move forward and backward while being screwed into the threaded reinforcing bar or threaded part. 3. The concrete member according to claim 1, wherein a reinforcing cage including the steel member is disposed between the opposing compression transmitting members. 4. The concrete member according to claim 1, wherein the compression transmitting material is disposed above and below the end face, and a joint is installed between the upper and lower compression transmitting materials. A circular arc plate-shaped segment that constructs a cylindrical wall by connecting a plurality of concrete joint surfaces and main girder surfaces,
Compression transmission materials exposed and disposed on the opposing joint surfaces, respectively;
A steel member disposed between the opposing compression transmission materials;
a fixing device that is screwed and connected to one of the compression transmission material and the steel member so that it can move forward and backward, and is in contact with the other;
Equipped with
The fixing device has a length such that it comes into contact with the other of the compression transmission material and the steel member without coming off from one of the compression transmission material and the steel member.
A segment characterized by :

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