JP7448570B2 - 電極、それを含むリチウム電池、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
電極、それを含むリチウム電池、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7448570B2 JP7448570B2 JP2022000176A JP2022000176A JP7448570B2 JP 7448570 B2 JP7448570 B2 JP 7448570B2 JP 2022000176 A JP2022000176 A JP 2022000176A JP 2022000176 A JP2022000176 A JP 2022000176A JP 7448570 B2 JP7448570 B2 JP 7448570B2
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- 125000004018 acid anhydride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NKCVNYJQLIWBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonodiperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)OO NKCVNYJQLIWBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010294 electrolyte impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PTVWPYVOOKLBCG-ZDUSSCGKSA-N levodropropizine Chemical compound C1CN(C[C@H](O)CO)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 PTVWPYVOOKLBCG-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- HFLAMWCKUFHSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb]=O HFLAMWCKUFHSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFRGSJVXBIWTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium monoxide Inorganic materials [Nb]=O BFRGSJVXBIWTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002465 poly[5-(4-benzoylphenoxy)-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid] polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006260 polyaryletherketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009771 scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006159 sulfonated polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- DZKDPOPGYFUOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten dioxide Inorganic materials O=[W]=O DZKDPOPGYFUOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Description
電極活物質及びバインダを含む電極活物質層と、
前記電極活物質層の一面上、または両面の間に配される電極集電体と、
前記電極活物質層と前記電極集電体との間に配される中間層と、を含み、
前記電極活物質層が、SAICAS(surface and interfacial measuring analysis system)測定時、前記電極活物質層全体厚につき、前記電極活物質層の表面から電極集電体方向に5%離隔された第1地点から、前記電極集電体の表面から5%離隔された第2地点までの深さによる垂直方向相対結着力(FVR:vertical relative force)の変化率が300%以下である電極が提供される。
正極と、負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に配される電解質と、を含み、
前記正極及び前記負極のうち1以上が、前述のところによる電極である電気化学電池が提供される。
電極活物質、乾燥導電材及び乾燥バインダを乾式混合して混合物を準備する段階と、
一面上または両面上に中間層が配された電極集電体を提供する段階と、
前記電極集電体の一面上または両面上に、前記混合物を配して圧延し、前記電極集電体の一面上または両面上に、電極活物質層が配された電極を製造する段階と、を含み、
前記導電層がバインダを含み、
前記電極活物質層が、SAICAS測定時、前記電極活物質層全体厚につき、前記電極活物質層の表面から5%離隔された第1地点から、前記電極集電体の表面から5%離隔された第2地点までの深さによる垂直方向相対結着力(FVR)の変化率が300%以下である電極製造方法が提供される。
垂直方向相対結着力(FVR:vertical relative force)の変化率=[(垂直方向相対結着力の最大値(FVR2)-垂直方向相対結着力の最小値(FVR1))/垂直方向相対結着力の最小値(FVR1)]×100
水平方向結着力の比率=[第2水平方向結着力(FH2)/第1水平方向結着力(FH1)]×100
LiaNixCoyMzO2-bAb
LiNixCoyMnzO2
LiNixCoyAlzO2
LiNixCoyAlvMnwO2
LiaM1xM2yPO4-bXb
M1が、クロム(Cr)、マンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、またはそれらの組み合わせであり、
M2が、マグネシウム(Mg)、カルシウム(Ca)、ストロンチウム(Sr)、バリウム(Ba)、チタン(Ti)、亜鉛(Zn)、ボロン(B)、ニオブ(Nb)、ガリウム(Ga)、インジウム(In)、モリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)、アルミニウム(Al)、シリコン(Si)、クロム(Cr)、バナジウム(V)、スカンジウム(Sc)、イットリウム(Y)、またはそれらの組み合わせであり、XがO、F、S、P、またはそれらの組み合わせである。
LiaM3zPO4
M3が、クロム(Cr)、マンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、またはそれらの組み合わせである。
準備例1:Al 2 O 3 @Gr複合体
Al2O3粒子(平均粒径:約15nm)を反応器内に位置させた後、反応器内に、CH4を約300sccm、1atmで約30分間供給した条件で、反応器内部温度を1000℃に上昇させた。
SiO2粒子(平均粒径:約15nm)を反応器内に位置させた後、反応器内にCH4を約300sccm、1atmで約30分間供給した条件で、反応器内部温度を1,000℃に上昇させた。
準備例1で製造された複合体の製造過程において、経時的なQunatum2000(Physical Electronics)を使用し、XPSスペクトルを測定した。昇温前、1分経過後、5分経過後、30分経過後、1時間経過後、及び4時間経過後の試料に係わるC 1sオービタル及びAl 2pオービタルのXPSスペクトルをそれぞれ測定した。昇温初期には、Al 2pオービタルに係わるピークだけが示され、C 1sオービタルに係わるピークは、示されなかった。30分経過後には、C 1sオービタルに係わるピークが鮮明に示され、Al 2pオービタルに係わるピークの大きさが顕著に小さくなった。
製造例1:Al 2 O 3 @Gr複合体0.25wt%コーティングNCA91
LiNi0.91Co0.05Al0.04O2(以下、NCA91という)と、準備例1で準備された複合体とをノビルタミキサ(Nobilta Mixer、ホソカワミクロン(株))を利用し、約1,000~2,000rpmの回転数で約5~30分間ミリングを実施し、複合正極活物質を得た。
NCA91と、準備例1によって得た複合体の混合重量比を、99.6:0.4に変更したことを除いては、製造例1と同一方法で複合正極活物質を製造した。
NCA91と、準備例1によって得た複合体の混合重量比を、99.0:1.0に変更したことを除いては、製造例1と同一方法で複合正極活物質を製造した。
準備例1で製造されたAl2O3@Gr複合体の代わりに、準備例2で製造されたSiO2@Gr複合体を使用したことを除いては、製造例2と同一方法で複合正極活物質を製造した。
準備例1で製造された複合体、製造例2で製造された複合正極活物質、及び未コーティングNCA91に係わる走査電子顕微鏡、高解像度透過電子顕微鏡及びEDX(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy)分析を行った。SEM(scanning electron microscope)-EDAX分析時、Philips社のFEI Titan 80-300を使用した
実施例1:乾式正極、薄膜集電体/カーボン層/乾式活物質層
(正極の製造)
LiNi0.91Co0.05Al0.04O2(NCA91)正極活物質、炭素導電材(Denka black)及びポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)を、92:4:4の重量比でブレードミキサに投入した後、25℃で1,000rpmの速度で10分間一次乾式混合し、活物質、導電材及びバインダが均一に混合された第1混合物を準備した。次に、バインダの繊維化を進めさせるために、該第1混合物を25℃で5,000rpmの速度で20分間さらに二次混合し、第2混合物を準備した。該第1混合物及び該第2混合物の製造時、別途の溶媒を使用しなかった。
前述のところで製造された正極を使用し、リチウム金属を相対電極にし、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)をセパレータとし、1.3M LiPF6が、エチレンカーボネート(EC)+エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)+ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)(3:4:3体積比)に溶けている溶液を電解質として使用し、コインセルを製造した。
混合物の製造時、ブレードミキサで、1,000rpmの速度で10分間乾式混合し、活物質、導電材、バインダが均一に混合された第1混合物を準備した後、バインダの繊維化が進められるように、5,000rpmの速度で10分間追加ミキシングし、第2混合物を準備したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法で、乾式正極及びコインセルを製造した。
混合物の製造時、ブレードミキサで、1,000rpmの速度で10分間乾式混合し、活物質、導電材、バインダが均一に混合された第1混合物を準備した後、バインダの繊維化が進められるように、5,000rpmの速度で30分間追加ミキシングし、第2混合物を準備したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法で、乾式正極及びコインセルを製造した。
正極活物質として、製造例1ないし4で製造された複合正極活物質をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法で、乾式正極及びコインセルを製造した。
正極集電体として、アルミニウムホイルの代わりに、アルミニウムメッシュシートを使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法で、乾式正極及びコインセルを製造した。
(正極の製造)
LiNi0.91Co0.05Al0.04O2正極活物質、炭素導電材(Denka black)及びポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を、92:4:4の重量比で混合した混合物を、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)と共に、メノウ乳鉢で混合してスラリーを製造した。
前述のところで製造された正極を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法でコインセルを製造した。
カーボン層がコーティングされていない10μm厚のアルミニウム薄膜を、正極集電体として使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法で乾式正極を製造した。
混合物の製造時、ブレードミキサで、1,000rpmの速度で10分間乾式混合し、活物質、導電材、バインダが均一に混合された第1混合物を準備した後、バインダの繊維化が進められるように、3,000rpmの速度で20分間さらにミキシングし、第2混合物を準備したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法で、乾式正極及びコインセルを製造した。
SAICAS(SAICAS EN-EX、ダイプラウィンテス(株))を使用し、実施例1ないし8、及び比較例1ないし3で製造された正極が含む正極活物質層の結着特性を分析した。
垂直方向相対結着力(FVR)の変化率=[(垂直方向相対結着力の最大値-垂直方向相対結着力の最小値)/垂直方向相対結着力の最小値]×100
SAICAS(SAICAS EN-EX、ダイプラウィンテス(株))を使用し、実施例1ないし8、及び比較例1ないし3で製造された正極が含む正極活物質層の結着特性を分析した。
第1地点と第2地点との水平方向結着力の比率(%)=[FH2/FH1]×100
実施例1ないし8、及び比較例1で製造された正極の断面につき、走査電子顕微鏡を測定し、断面イメージから、ソフトウェアを使用し、正極集電体表面の粗さを測定した。
実施例1ないし8、及び比較例1で製造された正極の断面に関し、正極それぞれにつき、正極を25mm×150mmに切断し、30mm×200mmスライドガラス中央部に、テープを使用して固定させた後、UTMを使用し、集電体を正極活物質層から剥離しながら、90°剥離強度を測定した。測定結果の一部を下記表4に示した。
実施例1ないし8、及び比較例1ないし3で製造されたリチウム電池に対し、25℃で0.1Cレートの電流で、電圧が4.4V(対Li)に至るまで定電流充電し、次に、低電圧モードで4.4Vを維持しながら、0.05Cレートの電流でカットオフ(cut-off)した。次に、放電時、電圧が2.8V(対Li)に至るまで、0.1Cレートの定電流で放電した(化成(formation)サイクル)。
容量維持率[%]=[100回目サイクルにおける放電容量/最初サイクルにおける放電容量]×100
2,300b 負極
3,300a 正極
4 セパレータ
5 電池ケース
6 キャップアセンブリ
100 電極活物質層
200 電極集電体
250 中間層
300 電極
400 電解質
500 電極組立体
Claims (20)
- 電極活物質、乾燥バインダ及び乾燥導電材を含む電極活物質層と、
前記電極活物質層の一面上、または両面間に配される電極集電体と、
前記電極活物質層と前記電極集電体との間に配される中間層と、を含み、
前記乾燥バインダは、主バインダとして繊維化バインダを含み、
前記電極活物質層が、SAICAS測定時、前記電極活物質層全体厚につき、前記電極活物質層の表面から前記電極集電体方向に5%離隔された第1地点から、前記電極集電体の表面から5%離隔された第2地点までの深さによる垂直方向相対結着力(FVR)の変化率が200%以下である、乾燥電極。 - 前記電極活物質層が、前記SAICAS測定時、前記電極活物質層の全体厚につき、前記電極活物質層表面から電極集電体方向に10%離隔された第1地点における第1水平方向結着力(FH1)に対する前記電極集電体の表面から10%離隔された第2地点における第2水平方向結着力(FH2)の水平方向結着力の比率が50%以上である、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記電極集電体表面の最大粗度(Rmax)が3μm以下であるか、
前記電極集電体表面の平均粗さ(Ra)が2μm以下か、あるいは
前記電極集電体表面の二乗平均平方根粗さ(Rq)が2μm以下である、請求項1に記載の電極。 - 前記電極集電体が、シート、ホイル、フィルム、板状体、多孔性体、メソ多孔性体、貫通孔含有体、多角形環状体、メッシュ体、発泡体及び不織布体のうちから選択された形態を有する、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記乾燥バインダがフッ素系バインダを含む、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記乾燥導電材が炭素系導電材を含む、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記電極活物質層が自立膜であり、前記電極活物質層に残留工程溶媒が不在である、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記中間層が前記電極集電体の一面上または両面上に直接配され、前記中間層の厚みが前記電極集電体厚の30%以下である、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記中間層がバインダを含み、前記中間層が炭素系導電材をさらに含み、
前記バインダが伝導性バインダ及び非伝導性バインダのうちから選択された1以上を含み、前記バインダがフッ素系バインダを含む、請求項1に記載の電極。 - 前記電極活物質が複合正極活物質であり、
前記複合正極活物質が、リチウム遷移金属酸化物を含むコア、及び前記コアの表面に沿って配されるシェルを含み、
前記シェルが、化学式MaOb(0<a≦3、0<b<4、aが1、2、または3であるならば、bは、整数ではない)で表される1種以上の第1金属酸化物、及びグラフェンを含み、
前記第1金属酸化物がグラフェンマトリックス内に配され、前記Mは、元素周期律表の2族ないし13族、第15族及び16族のうちから選択された1以上の金属である、請求項1に記載の電極。 - 前記電極活物質層が第1表面、及び前記第1表面に対向する第2表面を含み、
前記第1表面と前記第2表面との長手方向末端に連結される第1側面、及び前記第1側面に対向する第2側面を含み、
前記第1表面と前記第2表面との幅方向末端に連結される第3側面、及び前記第3側面に対向する第4側面を含み、
前記電極活物質層が、長手方向第1距離、及び幅方向第1距離によって定義される第1面積を有し、
前記電極集電体が前記第1表面と第2表面との間に配され、
前記電極集電体が、長手方向第2距離及び幅方向第2距離によって定義される第2面積を有し、
前記電極集電体の第2面積が、前記電極活物質層の第1面積の100%未満である、請求項1に記載の電極。 - 前記電極集電体の長手方向第2距離が、前記電極活物質層の長手方向第1距離の100%未満であるか、
前記電極集電体の幅方向第2距離が、前記電極活物質層の幅方向第1距離の100%未満であるか、あるいは
前記電極集電体の長手方向第2距離が、前記電極活物質層の長手方向第1距離の100%未満であり、前記電極集電体の幅方向第2距離が、前記電極活物質層の幅方向第1距離の100%未満である、請求項11に記載の電極。 - 前記電極集電体が、前記第1側面、第2側面、第3側面及び第4側面のうち、3個以下の側面上に露出され、
前記電極集電体が、前記第1側面、第2側面、第3側面及び第4側面のうちから選択された2個以下の側面を介し、前記電極活物質層の外部に延長されるタブをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の電極。 - 電極活物質層の長手方向または幅方向に沿って離隔されて配される複数の電極集電体を含み、
前記複数の電極集電体が、前記電極活物質層の第1表面及び第2表面のうち1以上と、45°以下の角度をなすように配される、請求項11に記載の電極。 - 前記電極活物質層が、
前記第1表面と第2表面との間に、前記電極集電体が配される第1領域と、
前記第1表面と第2表面との間に、前記電極集電体が不在である第2領域と、を含み、
前記第2領域の混合密度が、前記第1領域の混合密度の100%未満である、請求項11に記載の電極。 - 正極と、
負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に配される電解質と、を含み、
前記正極及び前記負極のうち1以上が、請求項1ないし15のうちいずれか1項に記載の電極である、リチウム電池。 - 前記リチウム電池が、リチウムイオン電池及びリチウム固体電池のうちから選択される、請求項16に記載のリチウム電池。
- 厚み方向に沿って積層される複数の正極と、
前記複数の正極間にそれぞれ配される複数の負極と、
前記複数の正極と負極との間にそれぞれ配される複数の電解質と、を含む電極組立体を含み、
前記正極が正極集電体を含み、前記正極集電体が前記電極組立体の一側面を介し、正極活物質層外部に延長される正極タブをさらに含み、
前記負極が負極集電体を含み、前記負極集電体が前記電極組立体の一側面に対向する他側面または前記一側面を介し、負極活物質層外部に延長される負極タブをさらに含む、請求項16に記載のリチウム電池。 - 電極活物質、乾燥導電材及び乾燥バインダを乾式混合して混合物を準備する段階と、
一面上または両面上に中間層が配された電極集電体を提供する段階と、
前記電極集電体の一面上または両面上に、前記混合物を配して圧延し、前記電極集電体の一面上または両面上に、電極活物質層が配された電極を製造する段階と、を含み、
前記乾燥バインダは、主バインダとして繊維化バインダを含み、
前記中間層がバインダを含み、
前記電極活物質層が、SAICAS測定時、前記電極活物質層全体厚につき、前記電極活物質層の表面から5%離隔された第1地点から、前記電極集電体の表面から5%離隔された第2地点までの深さによる垂直方向相対結着力(FVR)の変化率が200%以下である、乾燥電極製造方法。 - 前記一面上または両面上にも中間層が配された電極集電体を提供する段階が、
電極集電体を提供する段階と、
前記電極集電体の一面上または両面上に中間層を配置する段階と、を含む、請求項19に記載の電極製造方法。
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KR20210155878A (ko) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-12-24 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 리튬공기전지의 양극재료 및 이를 이용한 양극 제조방법 |
CN114784220A (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-22 | 三一技术装备有限公司 | 干法电极制备方法 |
KR20240013988A (ko) * | 2022-07-22 | 2024-01-31 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
WO2024021018A1 (zh) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 干法电极用底涂胶及其制备方法、复合集流体、电池极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 |
US20240105911A1 (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2024-03-28 | Ii-Vi Delaware, Inc. | Double-Sided Coating for Electrochemical Device Applications |
KR102637877B1 (ko) * | 2022-10-21 | 2024-02-19 | 주식회사 에너지테크솔루션 | 그래핀 전처리 기재를 이용한 리튬메탈 배터리 음극재 제조방법 |
CN115548271B (zh) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-09-15 | 楚能新能源股份有限公司 | 正极极片及其制备方法和锂离子电池 |
KR20240103831A (ko) * | 2022-12-27 | 2024-07-04 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 건식 전극 필름, 이를 포함하는 건식 전극 및 리튬전지 |
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CN114765251A (zh) | 2022-07-19 |
EP4024498A1 (en) | 2022-07-06 |
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