JP7447096B2 - 部分硬化を含む付加製造の方法 - Google Patents
部分硬化を含む付加製造の方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0827—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using UV radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0833—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using actinic light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0855—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0866—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using particle radiation
- B29C2035/0877—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using particle radiation using electron radiation, e.g. beta-rays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/0261—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using ultrasonic or sonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0094—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped having particular viscosity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
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Description
本出願は、全内容が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、2018年9月28日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/738041号からの優先権の利益を主張するものである。
第1の造形材料配合物を分注して外部領域を形成し、第2の造形材料配合物を分注して内部領域を形成するステップであって、外部領域は内部領域を囲み、内部領域および外部領域が成形されて、物体の層を形成する、ステップと、
層を第1の硬化条件に曝露するステップであって、第1および第2の造形材料配合物ならびに第1の硬化条件が、曝露の際に、第1の造形材料配合物が第2の造形材料配合物より高度に強化されるように選択される、ステップと、
分注するステップおよび第1の硬化条件に曝露するステップを繰り返して、物体の複数の層を逐次形成するステップであって、外部領域が、内部領域を少なくとも部分的にカプセル化する強化コーティングを形成する、ステップと、
複数の層を第2の硬化条件にひとまとめに曝露するステップであって、第2の硬化条件が第1の硬化条件とは異なり、第2の硬化条件が、内部領域が強化される度合いを高めるように選択される、ステップと、
を含む、方法を提供する。
本実施形態の付加製造は、第1の硬化条件に対して反応性の第1の造形(例えば、モデリング)材料配合物(本明細書中、第1の配合物とも呼ばれる)と、第1の硬化条件に対して非反応性であるか、または部分的に反応性である第2の造形(例えば、モデリング)材料配合物(本明細書中、第2の配合物とも呼ばれる)とを含む配合系を用い、第1の硬化条件に曝露させた際に第1の配合物が強化するように強化パラメータを制御しながら、一方で第2の配合物が未硬化のままであり、または部分的に強化されて、上記の構成にしたがって達成される。
、またはそれ以上高い強化度を特徴とする材料を生成する。
Lは、アルキル、アリール、シクロアルキル、炭化水素(これらの用語は本明細書に定義する通りである)、あるいはヘテロ非環式、ヘテロアリール、ポリ(アルキレン鎖)および前述の任意の組み合わせであってもよい、またはこれらを含む連結部分であり、
R1~R4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、シクロアルキル、および本明細書に記載の任意選択の任意の他の置換基から選択される。
A1-B-A2
によって表され、式中、A1およびA2はそれぞれ、アルキレン鎖であり、Bは分枝単位である。いくつかの実施形態において、Bは、シクロアルキル、例えば、シクロヘキシルであり、これは1つ以上のアルキレン鎖によってさらに置換される。
mは、1~6の整数であり、例えば、1、2、3、4、5または6、好ましくは2、3、4または5、より好ましくは2または3、例えば2であり、
Rは、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、またはヘテロ非環式基である。あるいは、Rは、任意選択によりSi、P、S、O、Nなどの1個以上のヘテロ原子によって中断および/または置換される炭化水素(飽和または不飽和)である。
平均Tg=(X×Tg1+Y×Tg2)/X+Y
Xは、-O-および-O-C(=O)-から選択され、
Dは、本明細書中の各実施形態のいずれかで定義した炭化水素であり、
RxおよびRyは、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキルおよびシクロアルキルから選択される。
すべての物体は、別段の指定がない限り、Stratasys(登録商標)Ltd.(イスラエル)製のPolyJet(商標)プリンターを使用してプリントした。
シアン酸エステル硬化性材料およびアクリル系硬化性材料を含む配合物系
シアン酸エステル硬化性材料(本明細書に規定の高いHDTを特徴とする)およびアクリル系硬化性材料(本明細書に規定の高いTgを特徴とする)を含む例示的な配合物系を、第2の造形材料配合物として使用した。
アクリル系材料を含む配合物系
例えば、参照によりそれらが本明細書に完全に記載されているかのように組み込まれる米国特許出願公開第2013/0040091号および国際公開第2018/055522号に記載のD-ABS(コア-シェル)モードで物体をプリンティングするために使用可能な例示的配合物系を最初に試験した。配合物系は、2つのアクリル系配合物:高いHDTを特徴とする補強剤材料を形成する第1の配合物と、高い耐衝撃性および低いHDTを特徴とする強化材料を形成するDLM材料と、を含む。コア-シェルD-ABSモードにおいて、形成された物体は、典型的には、DLM材料で作られたシェルおよび補強剤で作られたコアを有する。
透明な配合物系
透明な矩形の物体を、1.2および2重量%の光開始剤を含む反応性VeroClear対照アクリル系配合物および同じ配合物(本実施形態によるコア-シェルコンフィギュレーションにおいて使用したとき)を使用してプリントしたが、ここで、第1の配合物は、対照配合物と類似のものであり、外部領域を形成し、第2の配合物は、同じ硬化性成分および同じ光開始剤を含み、該光開始剤の量は0.5および0重量%である。得られた未硬化本体を、昼光電球に6時間曝露させることによって硬化を受けさせた。
高スループットプリンティング
物体を、本明細書に記載の方法を用いて高スループットで製造することができる。本明細書に記載されるように、物体のプリント部分、例えば第2の造形材料配合物を有する物体のコアは、AMプロセスを通して増大する温度を低下させる。達成された増大温度の低下に基づいて、走査速度およびスループットを増すことができる。AMプロセス中の物体の詳細の不鮮明化は、本明細書に記載の第1の造形材料配合物で物体の外側を形成する比較的硬質のシェルまたは比較的硬質のコーティング(固化シェルまたはコーティング)のプリントに基づいて回避することができる。高スループット用途に使用されるシェルまたはコーティングは、他の用途、例えば、反りを低減し、透明性を改善するための用途において使用されるシェルまたはコーティングより厚くなるように選択的に画定することができる。任意選択により、シェルまたはコーティングは、他の用途で典型的に使用され得る0.15mm~0.3mmに反して、0.5mm~2mmであってもよい。いくつかの実施形態例において、プリントされた物体を、高スループットプリンティング用途の後処理プロセスに曝露してよい。あるいは、後処理プロセスを発動させる。
26 作業領域
28 垂直駆動装置
30 安定化構造
32 レベリング装置
34 対称軸
36 トレイ取り換え装置
38 駆動装置
40 アーム
100 インクジェットプリンティングシステム
101 システム
106 ユーザーインターフェース
112 物体
113 層
114 インクジェットプリンター
115 支持構造体
116 分注ヘッド
122 ノズルアレイ
124 固化システム
128 フレームまたはブロック
130 造形材料供給システムまたは装置
130’ 造形材料供給システムまたは装置
132 レベリング装置
152 コントローラ
154 データ処理装置
154’ データ処理装置
180 トレイ
190 加熱室
200 インクジェットプリンティングシステム
210 コア
211 内部領域
215 液滴
218 シェル
220 シェル
221 外部領域
330 供給システム
Claims (23)
- 付加製造(AM)によって三次元物体を製造する方法であって、
第1の造形材料配合物を分注して外部領域を形成し、第2の造形材料配合物を分注して内部領域を形成するステップであって、前記外部領域は前記内部領域を囲み、前記内部領域および前記外部領域は成形され前記物体の層を形成する、ステップと、
前記層を第1の硬化条件に曝露するステップであって、前記第1および前記第2の造形材料配合物ならびに前記第1の硬化条件は、前記曝露の際に、前記第1の造形材料配合物が前記第2の造形材料配合物より高度に強化されるように選択される、ステップと、
分注する前記ステップおよび前記第1の硬化条件に曝露する前記ステップを繰り返して、前記物体の複数の層を逐次形成するステップであって、前記外部領域が、前記内部領域を少なくとも部分的にカプセル化する強化コーティングを形成する、ステップと、
前記複数の層をまとめて第2の硬化条件に曝露するステップであって、前記第2の硬化条件が、前記第1の硬化条件とは異なり、前記第2の硬化条件が、前記内部領域が強化される度合いを高めるように選択される、ステップと、
を含み、
前記第1の造形材料配合物が、第1の硬化性材料と、前記第1の硬化性材料の強化を促進するための開始剤とを含み、前記開始剤が、前記第1の硬化条件への曝露の際に前記強化を促進することに対して活性であり、
前記第2の造形材料配合物は、第2の硬化性材料を含み、前記第2の硬化性材料は、強化されたときAMプロセス中の前記複数の層の定常温度より高い熱変形温度(HDT)、及び強化されたときAMプロセス中の前記複数の層の定常温度より高いガラス転移温度(Tg)を特徴とする、方法。 - 前記第1および第2の造形材料配合物ならびに前記第1の硬化条件は、前記第1の硬化条件への前記曝露の際に、前記第1の配合物の強化パラメータの変化が前記第2の配合物の強化パラメータの変化より少なくとも2倍高くなるように選択され、前記強化パラメータは粘度および/または損失正接である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の造形材料配合物ならびに前記第1の硬化条件は、前記第1の硬化条件への前記曝露の際に、前記第1の配合物の強化動態パラメータが前記第2の配合物の強化動態パラメータより少なくとも2倍高くなるように選択され、前記強化動態パラメータは粘度の変化率または損失正接の変化率である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および前記第2の造形材料配合物ならびに前記第1の硬化条件は、前記第1の硬化条件への前記曝露の際に、前記第1の造形材料配合物の強化度が少なくとも70%であり、前記第2の造形材料配合物の強化度が50%以下であるように選択される、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の造形材料配合物が、第2の硬化性材料を含み、前記第1および前記第2の造形材料配合物のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記第2の硬化性材料の強化を促進するための開始剤を含み、前記開始剤が、前記第1の硬化条件への曝露の際に前記強化に対して不活性であるか、または部分的に活性である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の造形材料配合物のうちの前記少なくとも1つの中の前記開始剤の総量が、前記第1の硬化条件への曝露の際に少なくとも70%の前記第2の硬化性材料の強化を促進するのに必要な前記開始剤の量の50重量%未満である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の造形材料配合物が、少なくとも2つの準配合物AおよびBを含み、それぞれが前記第2の硬化性材料を含み、準配合物A中の前記開始剤の量が、準配合物B中の前記開始剤の量より少なくとも2倍多く、前記内部領域中の準配合物Aの総量は、前記内部領域中の準配合物Bの総量の50重量%以下である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の造形材料配合物の分注が、前記準配合物Aを前記内部領域中でディザー処理するものである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の硬化条件が照射を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記照射が、紫外線照射である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の造形材料配合物が、紫外線硬化性材料である第1の硬化性材料と、前記第1の硬化条件への曝露の際に少なくとも70%の前記第1の造形材料配合物の強化を促進するのに十分な量の光開始剤とを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の造形材料配合物が、紫外線硬化性材料である第2の硬化性材料と、前記第1の硬化条件への曝露の際に50%以下の前記第2の造形材料配合物の強化を促進する量の光開始剤とを含む、請求項10または11に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の造形材料配合物が、熱への曝露の際に強化する、請求項10または11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の造形材料配合物のうちの少なくとも1つが、透明な強化材料を生成する、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の造形材料配合物が、強化されたときAMプロセス中の前記複数の層の定常温度より高い熱変形温度(HDT)を特徴とする第2の硬化性材料を含む、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の造形材料配合物が、強化されたときAMプロセス中の前記複数の層の定常温度より高いガラス転移温度(Tg)を特徴とする第2の硬化性材料を含む、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の造形材料配合物が、強化されたとき70℃より高い熱変形温度(HDT)を特徴とする第2の硬化性材料を含む、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の造形材料配合物が、強化されたとき70℃より高いガラス転移温度(Tg)を特徴とする第2の硬化性材料を含む、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の造形材料配合物が、強化されたときAMプロセス中の前記複数の層の定常温度より低い熱変形温度(HDT)を特徴とする第1の硬化性材料を含む、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の造形材料配合物が、強化されたときAMプロセス中の前記複数の層の定常温度より低いガラス転移温度(Tg)を特徴とする第1の硬化性材料を含む、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の造形材料配合物が、強化されたとき70℃より低い熱変形温度(HDT)を特徴とする第1の硬化性材料を含む、請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の造形材料配合物が、強化されたとき70℃より低いガラス転移温度(Tg)を特徴とする第1の硬化性材料を含む、請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティングが、1mm未満の厚さを有するように構成される、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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