JP7445695B2 - 長期活性型ポリペプチドならびに当該ポリペプチドの製造方法および投与方法 - Google Patents
長期活性型ポリペプチドならびに当該ポリペプチドの製造方法および投与方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/575—Hormones
- C07K14/59—Follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]; Chorionic gonadotropins, e.g.hCG [human chorionic gonadotropin]; Luteinising hormone [LH]; Thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K38/22—Hormones
- A61K38/24—Follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]; Chorionic gonadotropins, e.g. HCG; Luteinising hormone [LH]; Thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]
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Description
a.当該成長ホルモンのアミノ末端に付加された1つの絨毛性ゴナドトロピンカルボキシ末端ペプチド(CTP)、および当該成長ホルモンのカルボキシ末端に付加された2つの絨毛性ゴナドトロピンCTPを付加させることにより、成長ホルモンを改変するステップと、
b.上記ステップaで改変された成長ホルモンと、当該緩衝剤、および当該等張化剤を、6.2~6.4のpHで混合するステップと、
c.当該製剤をシリンジに予め充填するステップと
を含む。
a.既定量のCTP改変hGHを有する、週1回投与形態の当該CTP改変hGHを製剤化するステップと、
b.当該製剤をシリンジに充填するステップと
を含む。
a.当該成長ホルモンのアミノ末端に付加された絨毛性ゴナドトロピンカルボキシ末端ペプチド(CTP)を1つ、および当該成長ホルモンのカルボキシ末端に付加された絨毛性ゴナドトロピンCTPを2つ付加することにより、成長ホルモンを改変するステップと、
b.上記ステップaの当該改変成長ホルモンと、当該緩衝剤、および当該等張化剤を、6.2~6.4のpHで混合するステップと、
c.当該製剤をシリンジに予め充填するステップと
を含む。
a.既定量のCTP改変hGHを有する、週1回投与形態の当該CTP改変ヒト成長ホルモン(hGH)を製剤化するステップと、
b.当該製剤をシリンジに充填するステップと
を含む。
hGH構築物の作製
材料と方法
4つのhGHクローン(20kDタンパク質の変異体)が合成された。当該4つの変異体由来のhGH配列を含有するXbaI-NotI断片を、真核生物発現ベクターpCI-dhfr(従前に、XbaI-NotIを用いて切断されている)にライゲートした。当該4クローン由来のDNA(401-0、1、2、3および4)が調製された。22kDタンパク質由来の他のhGH部分クローン(1-242bp)もまた合成された(0606114)。プライマーは、Sigma-Genosysで合成された。本発明のhGH-CTPポリペプチドを作製するために用いられたプライマー配列を、以下の表1に要約する。
表1
本発明のhGH-CTPポリペプチドのin vivo生物活性試験
以下の実験は、市販の組換えヒトGHおよびMOD-4020と比較した、hGH-CTPポリペプチドの長時間作用型生物活性の可能性を検証するために行われた。
メスの脳下垂体切除ラット(60~100g)に、週1回21.7μgのhGH-CTPポリペプチドのS.C.投与、または、1日1回5μgの対照の市販rhGHのS.C.投与を行った。
表2
結果を図2に要約する。これら結果から、MOD-4023(配列番号39)およびMOD-4024(配列番号40)は、市販のrhGH(100%の体重増加誘導)と比較し、120%を超える体重増加を誘導したことが示された。
21.7μgのMOD-4023(配列番号39)、およびMOD-4024(配列番号40)の週1回投与を3回行う(1、7、および13日目に投与)ことにより、下垂体切除ラットにおいて、市販rhGH(13日間、5μgの投与量で1日1回投与され、同じ蓄積投与量で投与された)と比較し、30%高い体重増加を誘導した。
CTP改変GHの薬物動態試験
単回投与薬物動態実験をSprague-Dawleyラットにおいて行った。すべての動物実験は、Animal Welfare Act, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animalsに従い、the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of Modigene, Biotechnology General Ltdの管理および承認のもと、行われた。ラットは、ケージに1匹ずつ、または2匹ずつのいずれかで、12時間の明暗サイクルの室内において飼育された。水(市から供給)および非保証のラットの餌は、継続的に与えられた。
表3 ラット薬物動態試験の実験デザイン
SDラットにおけるCTP改変GHの薬物動態
CTP-hGH-CTP-CTPの薬物動態を評価し、市販のhGH(Biotropin)と比較した。
血清試料の解析は、各試料に対する具体的な濃度レベルを測定するために行われた。濃度および時点データは、WiNonLin非コンパートメント解析を用いて処理された。
Biotropin
T1/2 1.7時間、AUC 41時間*ng/mL
CTP-hGH-CTP
T1/2 8.5時間、AUC 424時間*ng/mL
CTP-hGH-CTP-CTP
T1/2 9.0時間、AUC 680時間*ng/mL
CTP-hGH-CTP-CTPは、他の6変異体からの最終候補として選出された。CTP-hGH-CTP-CTPは、生物活性および薬物動態の観点から優れた性能を示した。
CTP改変GHの単回投与/反復投与に対する体重増加解析(WGA)
3~4週齢の下垂体切除(両耳間法)のオスのラットは、CRL Laboratoriesから得た。3週間の術後順応期間、ラットは検査され、週に2回体重を測定され、不完全な下垂体切除術を受けたとみなされる動物(偽手術を受けたラットの体重増加と類似した体重増加により証明される)を排除した。不完全な下垂体切除を受けたラットは本実験から排除された。実験時、下垂体切除ラットの平均体重は70~90gであった。これは、hGHに対する標準的なUSPおよびEPバイオアッセイである。下垂体切除されたラット(下垂体が除去されているラット)は、体重を増加させる能力が失われている。これらラットへのhGHの注射(およびCTP-hGH-CTP-CTPの注射)により、体重が増加する。所定の期間および所定のhGH注射量と共に計測された体重の増加に基づき、hGH(およびCTP-hGH-CTP-CTP)の特異的活性が決定される。ラットは、0.4、0.8および4mg/Kgの単回s.c.投与、または3週間、4日ごとの0.6および1.8mg/Kgの反復s.c.投与のいずれかを与えられた。全ての動物の個々の体重は、最初の投与の前、その後は2日毎、または死亡時および安楽死の前に、ランダムに測定される。
下垂体切除ラットにおける、異なるCTP-hGH-CTP-CTP投与パターン後の全体重増加応答を比較した結果を、図5に示す。結果から、hGH-CTPの0.4および0.8mg/Kg/日の単回注射は、Biotropinの0.1mg/Kg/日を4回、毎日注射することと等しかったことが示される。hGH-CTP効果のピークは、2日後であった。
CTP改変GHの薬力学/薬物動態学的実験
3~4週齢の下垂体切除(両耳間法)のオスのラットは、CRL Laboratoriesから得た。3週間の術後順応期間、ラットは検査され、週に2回体重を測定され、不完全な下垂体切除術を受けたとみなされる動物(偽手術を受けたラットの体重増加と類似した体重増加により証明される)を排除した。不完全な下垂体切除を受けたラットは本実験から排除された。実験時、下垂体切除ラットおよび偽手術ラットの平均体重は、それぞれ、70および150gであった。
表5 下垂体切除ラット実験の処理スケジュール
CTP改変GHの糖質含量およびシアル酸含量
O-グリカンの解析は、Prozymeキットに基づいている。O-グリカンは、タンパク質から化学的および酵素的に開裂され、ペーパークロマトグラフィを用いてペプチドから分離される。O-グリカンプールの配列解析は、連続酵素消化(エキソグリコシダーゼ)の後、HPLC解析(標準と比較)により行われる。
糖プロファイリングは、Ludger Ltd.により行われた。2つの試料(EN648およびRS0708)は、三連の放出を介して採取され、および各放出物はまた、HPLCにより三重に解析された。EN648およびRS0708の三連の試料300μg、および陽性対照フェツイン(fetuin)(250μg)を加えたクエン酸/塩化ナトリウム緩衝液の一つの試料100μl、および陰性対照の水100μlを、10,000Daの分子量カットオフ膜を用いた遠心により超ろ過し、緩衝液と水を交換し、次いで、O-モード条件下でヒドラジン分解を介して採取された(60℃で6時間)。放出されたグリカンは、再度N-アセチル化され、LudgerClean CEXカートリッジにより浄化された。次いで、放出グリカンの分注物を、2-アミノベンザミド(2AB)を用いて標識し、Ludger Clean Sカートリッジを用いて浄化し、LudgerSep-N2 HILIC-HPLCにより解析した。
中性単糖の解析には、グリカンを、その構成する単糖成分にまで加水分解する必要がある。加水分解は、そのままの糖タンパク質試料に対し、Ludger Ltd,により行われた。具体的には、50μgの、損なわれていない糖タンパク質を、酸加水分解し、2-AB(2-アミノベンザミド)で標識し、逆相HPLCカラムに流した。この方法は、N結合型およびO結合型を含む糖タンパク質上に存在する全てのグリカンを加水分解する。
2つの試料(EN648およびRS0708)および緩衝液対照を解析した。シアル酸解析には、単糖の弱酸放出後にDMBフルオロフォア標識およびLudgerSep-R1カラム上でのHPLC解析が必要となる。50μgの損なわれていない糖タンパク質を、各解析に対し酸加水分解した。
アカゲザルにおける、CTP改変GHの薬物動態解析/毒物動態解析
各動物に対する血清中濃度時間曲線が作成された。WinNonlinプロフェッショナルバージョン5.2.1(Pharsight Corporation, Mt View CA.)を用いて非コンパートメント解析が行われた。推定薬物動態パラメータ以下の表8に示す。
ヒト成長ホルモンの長期活性CTP改変型(hGH-CTP)は、成長ホルモン欠乏症の成人において非常に有効であった-第II相臨床試験
ランダム化、非盲検の第II相臨床試験が行われ、現在、成長ホルモンを毎日投与されている患者において、週1回または月2回のいずれかで投与されるhGH-CTPの安全性、耐容性、薬物動態、および薬力学的特性が評価された。試験は、6つの国において、多施設で行われた。試験の3つの主要なコホートでは、hGH-CTP(成長ホルモン欠乏症の成人患者が、7日間にわたり毎日投与剤型で投与されていた市販hGH累積投与量等量の30%、45%または100%を含有する)(それぞれ、「30%」コホート、「45%」コホート、および「100%」コホートと呼称される)は週1回、単回投与された。データは、39人の患者(各コホート13人)の結果を反映している。2名の女性が、各コホートに含まれていた。
表10は、最終治療週の間に測定された、男性に対する、正常治療範囲(±2 SD)内にある日の平均割合、より狭い正常治療範囲(±1.5 SD)内にある日の平均割合、およびIGF-1の平均Cmax(最も高い濃度レベル)を含むものである(正常群の平均IGF-1レベルからの標準偏差で表されている)。
表10:ヒト第II相臨床試験の結果
MOD-4023 第II相試験のデザインおよび目的:
CTP-hGH-CTP-CTPの毎週投与レジメンを確認する2つのステージの第II相試験が完了した(図10を参照)。試験は、これまで毎日hGH治療を受け、MOD-4023投与の前の毎日の治療で正常化されたとみなされた(正常範囲(±2SDS)内のIGF-1 SDSレベルにより反映されている)成長ホルモン欠乏症(GHD)患者において行われたスイッチオーバー実験であった。本試験のステージIは、MOD-4023の4回目の投与後、週間の全薬物動態-薬力学的(PK-PD)解析により支持される、4週の投与量発見試験(4度の注射)であった。本部分の主要な目的は、IGF-1レベルが既定範囲内に維持される治療投与量の範囲を特定することであった。他の目的は、3つの異なる投与量/乗数でのMOD-4023のPK-PDプロファイルを評価すること、および用量依存性応答を確認することであった。本試験の第二のステージ(ステージII)は、16週間のMOD-4023治療および用量漸増期間であった。ステージIIへと続けた患者はすべて、同じMOD-4023投与量レベル(患者個人に最適化された、累積r-hGH週投与量の61.7%)で開始されたが、モニターされたIGF-1レベルに基づき、その投与量を改変することも出来た。
本試験の主要有効性エンドポイントは、ステージIの間、最後の用量投与後から、IGF-1レベルが正常範囲内にある平均期間であった(時間で表される)。最終解析において、当該週の間、ほとんどの患者のIGF-1レベルは、まる1週間、正常範囲内であった(表11)。最終時点で特定のSDS範囲内にあった患者は、168時間の期間に割り当てられた。Cmaxで+2 SDSを超える患者はおらず、このことから、過剰なIGF-1レベルではなかったことが示唆される。男性の85%(28/33)が、正常範囲(±2 SDS)内の平均IGF-1 SDSであった(図11)。3つ全てのコホートの、±正常範囲内にあるIGF-レベルの平均期間は、有意差は示さず、すべての平均期間は、互いに1標準偏差内であった。
週投与MOD-4023の、長期間、最適用量で正常範囲内にIGF-1を維持する能力は、試験の第二部の間に検討した(ステージII-4か月延長期間;図10)。本試験においては、第一のステージと同じ患者群に、彼らのhGH週投与量の61.7%を投与し、IGF-1は2週毎にモニターした。患者の大部分は試験期間を通じて正常範囲内にIGF-1 SDS値を維持した(投与後4日目に測定)。正常範囲を下回るIGF-1レベルを示した患者はさらに用量設定し、彼らのMOD-4023投与量を増加させた(診察と連携)。
表14:ステージIIの間に必要とされた投与量調整の要約
ヒト成長ホルモンのCTP改変型(hGH-CTP)の投与により、思春期前の小児の成長ホルモン欠乏症(GHD)の薬物動態が改善された。
ランダム化、非盲検の第II相臨床試験が行われ、市販の標準的な組換えヒト成長ホルモンの毎日投与に対する、3つのMOD-4023投与量の安全性、耐容性、薬物動態、および薬力学的特性を評価した。試験は、6か月のスクリーニングと2つの積極的治療期間から構成された:6か月の治療期間は、PK/PDサンプリングとその後の追加の6か月の連続的な反復投与期間を含む(図14に概略を示す)。第二の目的は、思春期前の小児の成長ホルモン欠乏症(GHD)における、3つの異なる投与量のMOD-4023の薬物動態(PK)および薬力学(PD)プロファイルを評価すること、および安全性と有効性に基づき、引き続く第3相試験に対するMOD-4023の最適投与量を選択することであった。
表15:投与量コホート
表17:MOD-4023群のPKおよびPDサンプリングスキーム
表18:Genotropin群のPKおよびPDサンプリングスキーム(ビジット2)
表21 MOD-4023 6か月の年率換算身長成長速度-6か月の治療を終えた全ての患者
全ての投与量が、良い成長の遅れの取り戻し反応をもたらした。予備的な統計解析でコホート間の統計的有意差は示されなかったが、限られたコホート当たりの患者数であったこと、および比較的重度のGHD患者であったことに関し、何らかの限界がある。
MOD-4023の製剤化開発
タンパク質:MOD-4023は、皮下投与のための長期活性型組み換えヒト成長ホルモン(hGH)である。MOD-4023は、ヒト絨毛性ゴナドトロピン(hCG)のベータ鎖のC末端ペプチド(CTP)の3つのコピーが融合されたhGHからなる;CTPは、4つのO-グリコシル化部位を有しており、ゆえに、当該タンパク質は、最大で12のO結合型糖質を有する275アミノ酸の一本鎖である。当該タンパク質は、産生クローンからCHO細胞で製造される。
物理化学的特性-
高度にグリコシル化され、負電荷を帯びている(pI=3~4.5)
密度:1.0216g/ml
水性溶液で可溶性
DSおよびDPの両方に対する液体製剤:10mMクエン酸、147mM NaCl pH6
DSの最終濃度:40mg/ml
DPの最終濃度:5、10、20および40mg/ml
初期梱包-
2Rバイアル(Schott)
ストッパー(West)
アルミニウムシール(West)
将来的な初期梱包-PEN Device
MOD-4023の安定な液体製剤を開発する:
1.第一の目標:バイアル中、5℃で2年間の安定性
2.第二の目標:カートリッジ内、5℃で2年間の安定性
必要とされる解析試験
RP-HPLC(認証された方法)
SEC-HPLC(認証された方法)
CZE(TBD)(確立された方法)
予定
安定性データに基づき、25℃、2週間を用いて、5℃での製品安定性を予測し、包括的マトリックス製剤試験のための初期評価を可能とする。
データは、10mMクエン酸、147mM NaCl pH6で製造された非GMPおよびGMPバッチを示す(図24)。また、データは、MOD-4023クローン2が、20mg/m中、24か月間、5℃で安定であること、および5mg/ml~20mg/mlで類似の安定性プロファイルであることを示す(図25Aおよび図25Bを参照)。さらに、MOD-4023クローン2は、室温で3か月間安定である(図26を参照)。MOD-4023クローン28は、20mg/mlまたは40mg/mlで12か月間、5℃で安定である;DP主要ピーク規格>88%(図27Aおよび図27B)。MOD-4023クローン28は、室温で少なくとも1か月間、安定である(図28A)。
Xcellerex(XC)とRentschler(RB)のDSの間は、T=0で同等のプロファイルである(図29)。図30~34は、XCとRBの間の安定性における差異を示す。等電点電気泳動法(IEF)により、3.5~4.2の範囲のpI値で、類似のバンドパターンがあることが示される。あるXCバッチで、高pI境界に微かなアイソフォームがわずかに存在し、あるRBバッチにおいては、低pI境界に微かなアイソフォームがより多く存在する(図35A)。さらに、RB試料と比較し、XC試料において、より多くの拡散したバンドが存在する(図35B)。
非ストレス下試料に関しては、ピークは、LOQを下回っているため、MOD-4023製剤原料中の関連体5の解析のために、MOD-4023製剤原料のストレス下試料(約3日間、65℃)を調製した。
RP-HPLC関連体に対するpHの効果を検証するために、3つの試料を試験した:
RB-40mg/ml、pH=5.9
RB-10mg/ml、pH=6.2
XC-40mg/ml、pH=6.2
結果は、図38および図39に示す。
ピーク1-脱アミド化MOD-4023の酸化
ピーク2-MOD-4023の脱アミド化
ピーク3-MOD-4023の部分的酸化
ピーク5-MOD4023.ジスルフィドのアミノ酸残基167と168の間、およびアミノ酸残基171と172の間のペプチド結合の開裂
ピーク6およびピーク7-断片化形態
安定性
クローン2由来製品は、5℃で最大2年間、安定である。
Claims (19)
- 医薬製剤を含むシリンジを製造する方法であって、
前記医薬製剤は、対象に0.25~0.66mg/(体重)kg/週の投与量で投与され、前記対象は、成長ホルモン欠乏症を有するヒト小児であり、前記方法は、
(a)シリンジを準備するステップと、
(b)ヒト成長ホルモン(hGH)のアミノ末端に、絨毛性ゴナドトロピンカルボキシ末端ペプチド(CTP)を1つ付加し、かつ前記hGHのカルボキシ末端に絨毛性ゴナドトロピンCTPを2つ一列に付加することにより、前記hGHを改変した改変hGHを得るステップと、
(c)前記ステップ(b)の前記改変hGHと、緩衝剤および等張化剤とを混合するステップであって、混合により医薬製剤を生成する、該混合するステップと、
(d)前記医薬製剤をシリンジに充填するステップとを含み、
前記医薬製剤は、成長ホルモン欠乏症を有する前記対象に週1回投与することにより、前記成長ホルモン欠乏症を有するヒト小児である前記対象においてSDS値で±2の範囲である正常治療範囲内にインスリン様成長因子1(IGF-1)のレベルを上昇させるための医薬製剤であるか、ヒト小児である前記対象においてSDS値で±2の範囲である正常治療範囲内にインスリン様成長因子1(IGF-1)のレベルを維持するための医薬製剤であるか、またはヒト小児である前記対象においてSDS値で±2の範囲である正常治療範囲内にインスリン様成長因子1(IGF-1)のレベルを上昇させ、かつ維持するための医薬製剤のいずれかであることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、
既定量の前記改変hGHを有する、週1回投与形態の前記改変hGHを製剤化するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1または2に記載の方法であって、
前記緩衝剤が、10mMクエン酸であることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記等張化剤が、147mM塩化ナトリウムであることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記混合するステップ(c)において、4~7.2のpHで混合が行われることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項5に記載の方法であって、
前記混合するステップ(c)において、6.2~6.7のpHで混合が行われることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記改変hGHの少なくとも1つのCTPの配列が、配列番号18のアミノ酸配列からなることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記改変hGHの少なくとも1つのCTPが、グリコシル化されていることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記改変hGHの少なくとも1つのCTPが、共有結合のリンカーを介して前記hGHに結合されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項9に記載の方法であって、
前記共有結合のリンカーが、ペプチド結合であることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記改変hGHのアミノ酸配列が、配列番号39の27番目から301番目のアミノ酸からなる配列であることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記改変hGHが、配列番号45の89番目から913番目の核酸からなる配列によってコードされることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記ヒト小児である前記対象におけるIGF-1レベルの前記正常治療範囲が、SDS値で±1.5の範囲であることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記IGF-1レベルは、前記正常治療範囲内に2週間~6週間の期間維持されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記医薬製剤は、前記対象に0.25mg/(体重)kg/週の投与量で投与されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記医薬製剤は、前記対象に0.48mg/(体重)kg/週の投与量で投与されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記医薬製剤は、前記対象に0.66mg/(体重)kg/週の投与量で投与されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記医薬製剤は、注射を介して前記対象に投与されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1~18のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
前記ヒト小児である前記対象が、成長ホルモン療法を必要とすることを特徴とする方法。
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DK3060239T3 (da) | 2013-10-21 | 2020-08-03 | Opko Biologics Ltd | Langtidsvirkende polypeptider og fremgangsmåder til fremstilling og indgivelse heraf |
JOP20190019A1 (ar) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-02-12 | Genexine Inc | تركيبة صيدلانية لعلاج نقص في هرمون نمو يحتوي على بروتين اندماجي لهرمون نمو بشري (hGH) |
CN109942717A (zh) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-28 | 上海延立药业有限公司 | 一种长效重组人促卵泡激素及其制备方法和应用 |
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