JP7442591B2 - がん処置における抗cd47薬の治療有効用量を決定及び達成する方法 - Google Patents
がん処置における抗cd47薬の治療有効用量を決定及び達成する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2016年4月15日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/323,330号及び2016年11月29日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/427,679号の利益を主張し、これらの出願の全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
抗CD47薬。本明細書において、「抗CD47薬」という用語は、(例えば、標的細胞上の)CD47と(例えば、貪食細胞上の)SIRPαとの結合を低減する任意の薬剤を指す。本発明の特定の方法に関しては、CD47に結合する薬剤が対象となる。好適な抗CD47薬の非限定的例としてはSIRPα試薬が挙げられ、以下に限定されないが、高親和性SIRPαポリペプチド及び抗CD47抗体または抗CD47抗体断片が含まれる。本発明の方法で使用する薬剤は、薬剤不在下での貪食作用と比較して、貪食作用を少なくとも10%(例えば、少なくとも20%、少なくとも30%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも100%、少なくとも120%、少なくとも140%、少なくとも160%、少なくとも180%、または少なくとも200%)上方制御する。一部の実施形態において、抗CD47薬は結合の際にCD47を活性化しない。CD47が活性化されると、アポトーシス(すなわち、プログラム細胞死)に似たプロセスが起こり得る(Manna and Frazier,Cancer Research,64,1026-1036,Feb.1 2004)。したがって、一部の実施形態において、抗CD47薬はCD47発現細胞の細胞死を直接的に誘導することはない。
受容体占有率(RO)アッセイは、CD47結合薬(例えば、抗CD47抗体(Ab))によるCD47占有率のレベルを測定する。CD47 ROのレベルを測定する目的は、CD47結合薬の用量と、CD47受容体飽和度と、及び薬理学的効果との関係を決定することである。経時的な受容体占有率のパーセントにより、所望の薬理学的効果を生じるに必要な薬物の量または曝露持続時間に関する有用な情報がもたらされ得る。このアッセイを使用して、代用細胞上のCD47 RO、例えば、CD45陰性(-)赤血球(RBC)及びCD45陽性(+)白血球(WBC)、または他の細胞集団(例えば、骨髄または組織生検から得られる組織細胞)上のCD47 ROを測定することにより、体内の全体的ROを決定することができる。また、ROアッセイを使用して、CD47結合及び/または遮断療法向けに、標的細胞上のCD47 RO、例えばRBC、白血球細胞、または固形腫瘍細胞上のCD47 ROを決定することもできる。
%RO=100-((MFI試験-MFI非染色)/(MFI飽和STD-MFI非染色))×100
治療用量の抗CD47薬を用いて対象を処置する方法が提供される。主題の方法は、プライマー薬を対象に投与するステップの後に、治療有効用量の抗CD47抗体を対象に投与するステップを含む。一部の実施形態において、治療有効用量を投与するステップは、プライマー薬の投与開始から少なくとも約3日後(例えば、少なくとも約4日後、少なくとも約5日後、少なくとも約6日後、少なくとも約7日後、少なくとも約8日後、少なくとも約9日後、または少なくとも約10日後)に実施される。この期間は、例えば、個体が網状赤血球の生成を強化するのに十分である。
当該方法で使用するためのキットも提供される。主題のキットは、プライマー薬及び抗CD47薬を含む。一部の実施形態において、キットは2つ以上のプライマー薬を含む。一部の実施形態において、キットは2つ以上の抗CD47薬を含む。一部の実施形態において、プライマー薬は、剤形(例えば、プライミング剤形)で提供される。一部の実施形態において、プライマー薬は、2つ以上の異なる剤形(例えば、2つ以上の異なるプライミング剤形)で提供される。一部の実施形態において、抗CD47薬は、剤形(例えば、治療有効剤形)で提供される。一部の実施形態において、抗CD47薬は、2つ以上の異なる剤形(例えば、2つ以上の異なる治療有効剤形)で提供される。キットの文脈において、プライマー薬及び/または抗CD47薬は、液体または固体の形態で、任意の好都合なパッケージング(例えば、スティックパック、用量パックなど)で提供することができる。
以下の実施例は、本発明の作製及び使用方法についての完全な開示及び説明を当業者に提供するために示されるものであり、発明者らが発明とみなすものの範囲を限定するようには意図されておらず、また以下の実験が実施された全ての実験である、すなわち以下の実験のみが実施された実験であることを表すようにも意図されていない。使用する数字(例えば、量、温度など)に関しては正確さを保証するよう努めたが、ある程度の実験的誤差及び偏差は考慮されるべきである。別段の指示がない限り、部は重量部であり、分子量は平均分子量であり、温度は摂氏度であり、圧力は大気圧前後である。
受容体占有率アッセイ及び有効投与量の決定
異種移植片マウスモデルにおいて、50~250μg/mlのHu5F9-G4血清濃度はAML及び固形腫瘍の治療有効性に相関する。週2回の維持用量10mg/kgは、非ヒト霊長類において潜在的有効治療域内でのHu5F9-G4血清濃度を達成する。週1回の維持用量10mg/kgは、患者において潜在的有効治療域内でのHu5F9-G4血清濃度を達成する。
受容体占有率:
%RO=100-((MFI試験-MFI非染色)/(MFI飽和STD-MFI非染色))×100
注入時間延長に伴う赤血球凝集の低減
赤血球は細胞表面上にCD47を発現する。しかし、老化赤血球はCD47の細胞表面発現を喪失し、貪食促進シグナルの発現を獲得する。細胞表面上のCD47の喪失または遮断が貪食促進シグナルの獲得を伴うことで、赤血球の貪食性クリアランスがもたらされる。実施例1で論じられているように、数日から数週間の期間にわたり、プライミング用量の抗CD47抗体の投与は、抗CD47抗体の投与が引き起こす初期の一過性貧血を、老化赤血球を除去し網状赤血球増加を誘導することによって代償することができ、このとき赤血球の血液集団は、CD47を発現するが貪食促進シグナルを有しない若い細胞にシフトする。
臨床試験プロトコル
新規の治療用mAbは、貪食細胞上のCD47に特異的に結合し、CD47が自らのリガンド、シグナル制御タンパク質アルファ(SIRPα)と相互作用するのを遮断する。これによって、貪食促進シグナル(ホスファチジルセリン、カルレチキュリン他が挙げられ得る)を介したがん細胞の貪食作用及び除去がもたらされる。赤血球を除けば、概して正常な細胞は貪食促進シグナルを発現せず、抗CD47mAbによる影響を受けない。ヒト化CD47遮断mAbであるHu5F9-G4は臨床試験用に開発され、潜在的有効治療血清レベルで安全に非ヒト霊長類(NHP)に投与されている。臨床現場でのHu5F9-G4の静脈内投与を支持するため、NHP(カニクイザル及びアカゲザル)における非臨床毒性学研究が行われた。GLPからのデータに基づいてカニクイザルにおける8週間の毒性学研究を行ったところ、ヒト試験用に安全な開始用量は0.1mg/kgと推定される。
本研究の当該部分における全体的な目標は、用量規定コホートの6人の患者全てにおいて最初の4週間以内に許容レベルの貧血(グレード3未満)をもたらすプライミング用量を特定することである。そのため、最適なプライミング用量レベルは、患者6人中6人が最初の4週間、輸血の不在下で8g/dL以上のヘモグロビンを維持し、患者6人中1人以下で貧血以外のDLTをもたらす最大用量レベルとなる。患者は、以下のような連続的用量コホートで評価される:0.1、0.3、1、3、10、20mg/kg(静脈内注入として投与)。
活性医薬成分(API)は、IgG4カッパアイソタイプのヒト化モノクローナル抗体Hu5F9-G4であり、これはFabアーム交換を低減するために重鎖のヒンジ領域にSer-Pro(S-P)置換を含有する。Hu5F9-G4は、2つの同一の444アミノ酸ガンマ重鎖及び2つの同一の219アミノ酸カッパ軽鎖からなるジスルフィド結合グリコシル化四量体から構成される。Hu5F9-G4はCD47を標的とする。Hu5F9-G4製剤は、静脈内注入を意図した液体剤形で提供される。Hu5F9-G4は単回使用の10mLバイアルで供給され、このバイアルは10mMの酢酸ナトリウム、5%(w/v)のソルビトール、0.01%(w/v)のポリソルベート20、pH5.0の製剤中に200mgの当該抗体を含有する。
用量計算。個別の用量は、登録時の患者の実際の体重を用いて(スクリーニングでまたは1日目に得られた体重を用いて)計算され、10%を超える体重変化が観察されない限り、用量は研究全体にわたって一定のままとすることができる。20mg/mLを含有するバイアル(バイアル当たり合計200mgのHu5F9-G4)から各投与に必要なHu5F9-G4の体積を計算するには、以下の式を使用するべきである:体重(kg)× 所望の用量(mg/kg)=Hu5F9-G4(mL)20mg/mLの体積。
評価スケジュールに従って受容体占有率試料を抽出する。血球をフローサイトメトリーによって解析し、白血球及び赤血球の画分におけるCD47受容体占有率を調べる。最初のHu5F9-G4抗体インキュベートの前に収集した各患者からのベースライン(1日目)試料を、Hu5F9-G4抗体(濃度を増加させていく)と共にインキュベートして、CD47分子/受容体占有率の標準曲線を確立させる。加えて、ベースライン(1日目)及び8日目におけるアネキシンV発現によって赤血球上のホスファチジルセリン発現を評価してもよく、これは受容体占有率アッセイの追加的態様として追加の採血を伴うことなく完了することができる。
安全性解析セットが、PK、CD47受容体占有率、免疫原性、及び探索的バイオマーカー(データが解析に利用可能な場合)の集団に含まれる。加えて、PK集団はPKパラメーターを推定するための十分に測定可能な濃度データを必要とするが、一方PK濃度集団は、任意の測定可能な濃度のHu5F9-G4を有する全ての患者を含む。
抗Hu5F9-G4抗体陽性の割合及び大きさが、個々の患者について、各パートA、B、C/用量レベルごとに、そしてプールされた患者集団に対し評価される。免疫原性アッセイ陽性と1つ以上の安全性、PK、または有効性のパラメーター(例えば、薬物クリアランス、AE、腫瘍応答)との関係を判定するために、探索的評価を行ってもよい。
腫瘍評価セットに関して評価可能な者に対し、腫瘍応答の解析が行われる。RECIST v1.1またはIWG基準が適用され、評価は研究者に従う。CR、PR、SD、6ヵ月間持続する安定した疾患(SD6)、及びPDを有する患者の比率を各時点で計算する。客観的奏効を、パートA、B、及びC/用量レベルの各々における95%信頼区間を用いてCR+PRとして計算し、各測定時点の全体を表にする。臨床的利益を達成したと定義される患者の比率は、95%信頼区間を用いてCR+PR+SD6として計算する。最良の全体奏効率も評価する。応答期間は、初回応答が最初に特定された時間からPDの発生までを計算する。進行は、最も小さい腫瘍測定値との比較で評価する。抗腫瘍活性の解析に関する詳細はSAPに明記される。
前臨床試験において、100μg/mgを超える血清レベルが治療有効性を有することが示された。図9で提供されているデータは、ヒト患者においてこのレベルの薬物をもたらす用量を示している。
Claims (3)
- 抗CD47抗体を含む、ヒト対象のがん処置する方法に使用されるための医薬組成物であって、
前記方法は、
(a)プライミング用量の前記抗CD47抗体を前記ヒト対象に投与することであって、前記プライミング用量が約0.5~約5mg/kgであり、前記プライミング用量が約0.05mg/ml~約0.5mg/mlの濃度の抗CD47抗体の注入液で前記ヒト対象に投与され、前記注入液が2.5~6時間の期間にわたって送達され、前記プライミング用量が注入直後から急性赤血球凝集をもたらし得る、前記投与することと、
(b)急性赤血球凝集を低減する際に前記プライミング用量の投与が有効であるかを判定することと、
(c)治療有効用量の抗CD47抗体を前記ヒト対象に投与することであって、前記治療有効用量が10~40mg/kgであり、ステップ(c)がステップ(a)の開始から少なくとも約3日後である、前記投与することと、
を含む、
医薬組成物。 - 前記プライミング用量の投与が有効であるかを判定することは、赤血球(RBC)におけるCD47の受容体占有率を測定することを含んでおり、好適なプライミング用量がRBC上における約50%を超える受容体占有率をもたらす、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記注入液が、少なくとも3時間の期間にわたって送達される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
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