JP7436147B2 - Solid fuel manufacturing method and usage method, and solid fuel manufacturing device - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to a solid fuel manufacturing method and usage method, and a solid fuel manufacturing apparatus.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) takes advantage of the characteristics of carbon fiber, such as light weight and high strength, and is used in various applications such as daily necessities, personal computers, home appliances, automobiles, aircraft, sporting goods, and construction and civil engineering fields. Shredder dust generated from the disposal of these products contains carbon fiber reinforced plastics.

As a means of effectively utilizing waste plastics, technology to obtain solid fuel from waste including waste plastics is being considered. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a technique in which CFRP is heat-treated under predetermined conditions to improve the pulverizability of CFRP, and the pulverized material obtained by pulverization after the heat treatment is used as fuel for a cement manufacturing device.

JP2017-66383A

Due to the high strength of carbon fibers, carbon fiber reinforced plastics are more difficult to crush than other waste components. Therefore, it is easier to maintain a larger size than other waste components. If waste containing such large-sized carbon fiber-reinforced plastics is used as solid fuel, there is a concern that the carbon fibers may remain unburned. Here, there are concerns that if waste is heated in the atmosphere as in Patent Document 1, safety will be impaired and the calorie content of the solid fuel will decrease.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a solid fuel manufacturing method and a solid fuel manufacturing apparatus that are capable of stably manufacturing solid fuel with excellent combustibility from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic. The present invention also provides a solid fuel usage method that uses solid fuel that is stably produced from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and has excellent combustibility.

A method for producing solid fuel according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes heating in a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. The method includes a heating step to obtain a softened product, and a pulverization step to obtain a pulverized product by pulverizing the lumps obtained from the softened product.

In the above manufacturing method, waste is heated in a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air, so while heating promotes the embrittlement of carbon fibers, it suppresses the loss of plastic by combustion during heating. and maintain high calorie intake. Furthermore, the embrittled carbon fibers are smoothly crushed in the crushing process. Therefore, with the above manufacturing method, solid fuel with excellent combustibility can be stably manufactured. The above-mentioned gas may contain, as a main component, by-products generated in the equipment concerned, or may contain by-products from neighboring equipment. As a result, it is possible to easily adjust the atmosphere to a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air, without producing a new raw material gas for lowering the oxygen concentration.

Preferably, the manufacturing method further includes a control step of controlling the oxygen concentration of the gas. When waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic is heated, gas is generated as the process progresses. The gas produced varies depending on the type and ratio of the plastic (resin) being heated and the reaction state. For this reason, it may become difficult to accurately predict and manage the inside of the heating section that performs the heating process. Therefore, by controlling the above-mentioned control process, the reaction conditions can be stabilized and the atmosphere in the heating process can be smoothly managed. This makes it possible to produce solid fuel with more stable quality.

ここで、上記式（１）中、Ｃｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き酸素濃度、Ｖ_Ｄｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き体積流量、及び、Ｖ_Ｗｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの湿り体積流量をそれぞれ示す。Ｘはガス毎に附番される１～ｎの整数である。 In the heating step, 1 to n types of gas (n: an integer of 1 or more) are individually supplied, and in the control step, the value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire gas calculated by the following formula (1) is It is preferable to control the amount to % by volume or less.

Here, in the above formula (1), Cx is the dry oxygen concentration of gas X that is individually supplied, V _D x is the dry volume flow rate of gas X that is individually supplied, and V _W x is the dry oxygen concentration of gas X that is individually supplied. The wet volumetric flow rate of gas X is shown respectively. X is an integer from 1 to n assigned to each gas.

As mentioned above, if the heating atmosphere (low-oxygen atmosphere) is controlled by the weighted average of the individually supplied gases, even if multiple gases with different oxygen concentrations are used, for example, fluctuations in the oxygen concentration of the heating atmosphere can be adequately controlled. It becomes possible to suppress the This makes it possible to further stabilize the heating process.

The oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere is preferably 16% by volume or less. By heating the waste in such a low-oxygen atmosphere, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the loss of plastic due to combustion during heating.

The oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere is preferably adjusted by the amount of water vapor. This allows solid fuel with excellent combustibility to be produced at low cost. As the water vapor, for example, water vapor produced as a by-product in the above manufacturing method can be used.

In the heating step, granular or powdery auxiliary raw materials may be heated together with the waste. Examples of the auxiliary raw materials include combustion improvers, chlorine fixing agents, grinding aids, anti-fusing agents, and the like. By containing the anti-fusing agent in the auxiliary raw material, it is possible to suppress melted plastics from fusing together and from adhering to heating equipment. Furthermore, by including the chlorine fixing agent in the auxiliary raw material, chlorine generated from chlorine-containing plastic can be fixed. Furthermore, if the oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere is 12% by volume or less, high safety can be maintained even when pulverized coal is used as an anti-fusing agent.

It is preferable that the above manufacturing method includes a collection step of classifying the pulverized material and recovering at least a portion of the pulverized material depending on the size of the pulverized material. For example, by collecting crushed materials with a size larger than a predetermined size and re-pulverizing the collected materials in the crushing process, the inclusion of coarse materials in the solid fuel can be suppressed, and the unburned remains of the solid fuel can be further reduced. can be reduced. Moreover, the crushed material (recovered material) larger than a predetermined size may be reheated in the heating step.

It is preferable to have a crushing process of crushing the waste before the heating process. This allows the heating step and the crushing step to be performed even more smoothly.

In the heating step, the waste is preferably heated in a temperature range of 200 to 500° C. for a period of more than 2 hours. By heating under such conditions, the modification of the resin and the embrittlement of the carbon fibers sufficiently progress, and the crushability of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic can be further improved. Furthermore, if heated in a low oxygen atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 16% by volume or less, a sufficiently high calorie can be maintained even if heated under the above temperature and time conditions.

It is preferable to have a crushing process of crushing the waste before the heating process. This allows the heating step and the crushing step to be performed even more smoothly.

It is preferable that the manufacturing method described above includes a combustion step in which flammable gas generated in the heating step is recovered and burned. By burning the combustible gas in the combustion process, gas treatment can be performed smoothly. In addition, the combustion heat generated at this time, that is, the combustion heat of flammable gas generated in the combustion process, can be effectively used as a heat source for the heating process, a heat source for an exhaust heat boiler, or a heat source for drying waste before treatment. good. Thereby, energy efficiency can be improved.

In the manufacturing method, exhaust gas generated in the combustion step may be used as a heat source in the heating step. Thereby, the combustion heat of the combustible gas generated in the combustion process can be effectively used as a heat source in the heating process, and energy efficiency can be improved.

Cooled exhaust gas obtained by cooling the exhaust gas generated in the combustion process by bringing it into contact with water may be supplied as the gas in the heating process. As a result, the oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere in the heating process can be easily adjusted without separately preparing a gas for creating a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air.

Before the heating step, the method further includes a separation step of separating the waste into a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste. However, in the heating step, it is preferable to heat either the first waste or the second waste. This makes it possible, for example, to perform processes such as heating and pulverization only on the first waste, which has a large volume proportion of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, which has high strength and is difficult to burn, among the components contained in the waste. . Thereby, the load of the heating process can be reduced. The second waste may be crushed in a crushing process, for example, without performing a heating process. Alternatively, the first waste may be subjected to a carbon fiber separation process such as acid treatment to separate carbon fibers and plastics. In this case, since only the second waste is heated in the heating process, the load on the heating process can be reduced.

A solid fuel production apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure is capable of treating waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastics with a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. It has a heating section that heats in a low oxygen atmosphere with a low oxygen concentration to obtain a softened product, and a crushing section that grinds the lumps obtained from the softened material to obtain a pulverized product.

The above manufacturing equipment is capable of maintaining a high calorie content by suppressing plastic loss due to combustion during heating, while promoting the embrittlement of carbon fibers by heating in a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air. can. Furthermore, the embrittled carbon fibers are smoothly crushed in the crushing section. Therefore, the above production apparatus can stably produce solid fuel with excellent combustibility.

Preferably, the manufacturing apparatus further includes a control section that controls the oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating section. When waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic is heated, gas is generated as the process progresses. The gas produced varies depending on the type and ratio of the plastic (resin) being heated and the reaction state. For this reason, it may become difficult to accurately predict and control the atmosphere within the heating section. Therefore, by controlling with the control section, the reaction conditions can be stabilized and the atmosphere in the heating section can be smoothly managed. This makes it possible to produce solid fuel with more stable quality.

上記式（１）中、Ｃｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き酸素濃度、Ｖ_Ｄｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き体積流量、及び、Ｖ_Ｗｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの湿り体積流量をそれぞれ示す。Ｘはガス毎に附番される１～ｎの整数である。 1 to n types of gas (n: an integer of 1 or more) are individually supplied to the heating section, and the control section controls the oxygen concentration value Y of the entire gas calculated by the following formula (1) to 16 It is preferable to control the amount to % by volume or less.

In the above formula (1), Cx is the dry oxygen concentration of the individually supplied gas X, V _D x is the dry volumetric flow rate of the individually supplied gas X, and V _W x is the individually supplied gas X The wet volumetric flow rates are shown respectively. X is an integer from 1 to n assigned to each gas.

As mentioned above, if the heating atmosphere (low-oxygen atmosphere) is controlled by the weighted average of the individually supplied gases, even if multiple gases with different oxygen concentrations are used, for example, fluctuations in the oxygen concentration of the heating atmosphere can be adequately controlled. It becomes possible to suppress the This makes it possible to further stabilize the operation of the heating section.

The oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere in the heating section is preferably 16% by volume or less. By heating the waste in such a low-oxygen atmosphere, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the loss of plastic due to combustion during heating.

Preferably, the heating section is configured to heat granular or powdery auxiliary raw materials together with the waste. Examples of the auxiliary raw materials include combustion improvers, chlorine fixing agents, grinding aids, anti-fusing agents, and the like. By containing the anti-fusing agent in the auxiliary raw material, it is possible to suppress melted plastics from melting together and from adhering to the inner wall of the heating section. Furthermore, by including the chlorine fixing agent in the auxiliary raw material, chlorine generated from chlorine-containing plastic can be fixed. Furthermore, if the oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere in the heating section is 12% by volume or less, high safety can be maintained even when pulverized coal is used as an auxiliary raw material (anti-fusing agent).

It is preferable that the above-mentioned manufacturing apparatus includes a collection section that classifies the pulverized material and recovers at least a portion of the pulverized material depending on the size of the pulverized material. For example, by collecting crushed material with a size larger than a predetermined size and reheating it in a heating section, it is possible to prevent coarse solid fuel from remaining and further reduce unburned solid fuel. . In the heating section, the pulverized material (recovered material) of a predetermined large size collected in the collection section may be reheated.

It is preferable that the manufacturing apparatus described above includes a crushing section that crushes the waste before heating it. This prevents waste from clogging or clogging the heating section, the crushing section, etc., and makes it possible to produce solid fuel even more smoothly.

Preferably, the heating section heats the waste at a temperature in the range of 200 to 500° C. for more than 2 hours. By heating under such conditions, the crushability of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic can be further improved.

The manufacturing apparatus preferably includes a combustion section that burns the combustible gas generated in the heating section. By providing a combustion section that burns combustible gas, gas processing can be performed smoothly. Furthermore, the combustion heat of the combustible gas generated in the combustion section may be effectively used as a heat source for a heating section, a heat source for an exhaust heat boiler, and a heat source for drying waste before treatment. Thereby, energy efficiency can be improved.

It is preferable to include a heat source introduction part that introduces exhaust gas generated in the combustion part as a heat source for the heating part. Thereby, the combustion heat of the combustible gas generated in the combustion section can be effectively used as a heat source for the heating section, and energy efficiency can be improved.

The manufacturing apparatus may include a gas cooling section that cools the exhaust gas generated in the combustion section by bringing it into contact with water. Furthermore, an introduction section may be provided that introduces the cooled exhaust gas cooled by the gas cooling section into the heating section as the above gas. In this way, the cooled exhaust gas containing water vapor may be introduced into the heating section. With these configurations, the heating section can be easily adjusted to a low-oxygen atmosphere where the oxygen concentration is lower than that of air, without producing a new raw material gas for lowering the oxygen concentration.

The manufacturing device includes a separation section that separates waste into a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste, and the heating In the step, it is preferable to heat either the first waste or the second waste. This makes it possible, for example, to supply only the first waste, which has a large volume ratio of carbon fibers that have high strength and are difficult to burn, among the components contained in the waste, to the heating section. Thereby, the load on the heating section can be reduced. For example, the second waste may not be supplied to the heating section but may be supplied to the crushing section together with the lumps. Alternatively, the first waste may be supplied to a carbon fiber separation unit such as acid treatment to separate carbon fibers and plastics. In this case, since only the second waste is heated in the heating process, the load on the heating process can be reduced.

A method of using solid fuel according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a step of burning the solid fuel obtained by the above-described manufacturing method in a kiln or calciner of cement manufacturing equipment. According to this usage method, a solid fuel that is stably produced from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and has excellent combustibility can be burned in a kiln or calciner of cement manufacturing equipment.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a solid fuel manufacturing method and a solid fuel manufacturing apparatus capable of stably manufacturing solid fuel with excellent combustibility from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic. can. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a solid fuel usage method that uses solid fuel that is stably produced from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and has excellent combustibility.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a solid fuel manufacturing apparatus. It is a figure showing another embodiment of a solid fuel manufacturing device. It is a figure which shows yet another embodiment of a solid fuel manufacturing apparatus. It is a figure which shows yet another embodiment of a solid fuel manufacturing apparatus. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a heating section. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a sorting section. It is a figure which shows another example of a sorting part.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below, with reference to the drawings as the case may be. However, the following embodiments are examples for explaining the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure to the following contents. In the description, the same reference numerals will be used for the same elements or elements having the same function, and redundant description will be omitted in some cases. In addition, the positional relationships such as top, bottom, left, and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, the dimensional ratio of each element is not limited to the ratio shown in the drawings.

A method for producing solid fuel according to one embodiment is to convert waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) into air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. There is also a heating process in which the waste is heated in a low-oxygen atmosphere with a low oxygen concentration to obtain a softened product, a cooling process in which the softened product is cooled with water to obtain lumps, and a lump containing carbon fibers is crushed. A pulverization process to obtain a pulverized product, a recovery process in which the pulverized product is classified and a portion of the pulverized product is recovered according to the size of the pulverized product, a combustion process in which combustible gas generated in the heating process is combusted, and the above-mentioned and a control step of controlling the oxygen concentration of the gas. In the heating step, the anti-fusing agent may be heated together with the waste. Examples of the anti-fusing agent include pulverized coal. By using an anti-fusing agent, it is possible to prevent melted plastics from fusing together and from adhering to heating equipment.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic includes carbon fiber and plastic. Examples of plastics include thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, and thermosetting resins such as phenol resins and epoxy resins. Examples of carbon fibers include those produced by carbonizing acrylic fibers, pitch, or the like as raw materials at high temperatures. However, the carbon fiber reinforced plastic may contain components other than those mentioned above.

The waste may originate from daily necessities, personal computers, home appliances, automobiles, aircraft, sporting goods, construction and civil engineering fields, and the like. These wastes may be shredder dust generated from the disposal of automobiles, household appliances, and the like. The waste may contain not only carbon fiber reinforced plastics but also resin components such as plastics that do not contain carbon fibers. In addition to carbon fibers and resin components, the waste may also contain foreign substances such as metal and rubber.

In the heating step, the waste is preferably heated in a temperature range of 200 to 500° C. for a period of more than 2 hours. By setting the temperature in such a temperature range, it is possible to sufficiently progress the embrittlement of the carbon fibers while suppressing energy consumption. From the same point of view, the above temperature range may be 250 to 450°C, 300 to 400°C, or 300 to 350°C. The heating time in the above temperature range may be 2.1 hours or more, 2.5 hours or more, or 3 hours or more. By lengthening the heating time, modification of the resin and embrittlement of the carbon fibers can be sufficiently progressed.

On the other hand, from the viewpoint of suppressing energy consumption, the heating time in the above temperature range may be 5 hours or less, or may be 4 hours or less. The pressure in the heating step may be below atmospheric pressure or may be below atmospheric pressure. By setting the pressure below atmospheric pressure, it is possible to suppress the gas generated from the softened material from flowing out of a heating furnace such as a kiln. In addition, the vaporization of tar generated by heating is promoted, and it is possible to suppress fusion of softened materials.

The oxygen concentration of the low-oxygen atmosphere in the heating step may be adjusted by at least one of the oxygen concentration and flow rate of the gas supplied in the heating step. After entering the normal operating state from the stopped state, solid fuel can be produced in a sufficiently stable manner by controlling the oxygen concentration of the supplied gas.

By controlling the oxygen concentration of the low-oxygen atmosphere in the heating step to 16% by volume or less, combustion of waste can be sufficiently suppressed and the calorie content of the solid fuel can be maintained high. Furthermore, by setting the oxygen concentration of the low-oxygen atmosphere in the heating step to 12% by volume or less, the heating step can be performed with even higher safety.

The oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating process is controlled in the control process. From the same point of view, the oxygen concentration of the gas controlled in the control step may be 12 vol% or less, 10 vol% or less, or 8 vol% or less. The lower limit of the oxygen concentration of the gas may be, for example, 2% by volume or more, or 4% by volume or more. "Volume %" in the present disclosure is a volume percentage under standard conditions (0 degrees Celsius, 1 bar atmospheric pressure). The oxygen concentration of the low-oxygen atmosphere in the heating process can be adjusted by adjusting the oxygen concentration of the supplied gas.

When there are multiple types of gases supplied to the heating process, it is preferable that the control process controls the oxygen concentration of the entire gas using a weighted average of each gas. For example, when a plurality of gases (n types) having different oxygen concentrations are supplied to the heating process, the value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire supplied gases can be calculated using the following equation (1).

上記式（１）中、Ｃｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き酸素濃度、Ｖ_Ｄｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き体積流量、及び、Ｖ_Ｗｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの湿り体積流量をそれぞれ示す。Ｘはガス毎に附番される１～ｎの整数である。制御工程では、ガス全体の酸素濃度の値Ｙを、１６体積％以下に制御してもよく、１２体積％以下に制御してもよく、１０体積％以下に制御してもよく、８体積％以下に制御してもよい。

In the above formula (1), Cx is the dry oxygen concentration of the individually supplied gas X, V _D x is the dry volumetric flow rate of the individually supplied gas X, and V _W x is the individually supplied gas X The wet volumetric flow rates are shown respectively. X is an integer from 1 to n assigned to each gas. In the control step, the oxygen concentration value Y of the entire gas may be controlled to be 16% by volume or less, 12% by volume or less, 10% by volume or less, or 8% by volume. It may be controlled as follows.

For example, when two types of gas (n=2) are supplied to the heating process, the above equation (1) is specifically expressed as follows.
Oxygen concentration value of the entire supplied gas Y=
{(C ₁ ×V _D1 )+(C ₂ ×V _D2 )}/(V _W1 +V _W2 )
The oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere in the heating process may be adjusted using only one of the two types of gases (Gas 1 and Gas 2). In this case, the other of gas 1 and gas 2 may be air brought in from a raw material inlet, a ventilation hole, etc. that can be grasped from the structure.

If part of the supplied gas is a gas (air) whose oxygen concentration cannot be adjusted at all or hardly, the oxygen concentration of the entire supplied gas should be determined by adjusting the oxygen concentration of one or more of the supplied gases. It may be adjusted by manipulating the wet oxygen concentration of the adjustable gas. At this time, the oxygen concentration may be adjusted, for example, by adding at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen to the adjustable gas.

It is preferable that at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen contained in the supplied gas originates from any step in the present method for producing solid fuel. As a result, it is possible to avoid newly procuring a separate gas to adjust the oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere in the heating process, and it is possible to operate at a lower cost. Note that, if necessary, a steam generator or the like may be used to supplement the insufficient supply gas.

Note that the oxygen concentration in the gas may be measured using, for example, a zirconia type or magnetic force type oxygen concentration meter, or may be analyzed in a separately provided oxygen concentration analysis step.

The softened material obtained in the heating step may include a melted material of the plastic contained in the carbon fiber reinforced plastic. The softened material may include a solid such as carbon fiber and a liquid (melt). The softened material is cooled and becomes a solid mass. The agglomerates may include organic materials such as carbon fibers and charred plastics, and pulverized coal.

In the cooling step, the softened material obtained in the heating step is cooled with water to obtain a lump. In the cooling step, the softened product may be cooled by bringing the water into direct contact with the softened product, or may be cooled indirectly via a cooling medium or the like. For example, the softened material may be introduced into an iron cylinder and cooled by sprinkling water from the outside of the cylinder. By performing such a cooling step, the softened material is cooled smoothly, and the time required for producing solid fuel can be shortened.

In the pulverization step, the lumps are pulverized to obtain a pulverized product. Since the resin is modified in the heating process and the carbon fibers are made brittle, the lumps containing carbon fibers are smoothly crushed in the crushing process. The pulverized material obtained here can be used as a solid fuel. By crushing the agglomerates in this way, the carbon fibers become smaller and the amount of unburned remains can be reduced when used as a solid fuel. This improves flammability. Furthermore, it is possible to suppress the introduction of unburned carbon fibers into an electrostatic precipitator that processes combustion gas of solid fuel, and to reduce the frequency of equipment maintenance. The size of the pulverized material (solid fuel) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 10 mm or less, or 5 mm or less. The pulverization step may be performed using, for example, a vertical mill or a tube mill. By using a vertical mill, the crushing step and the recovery step may be performed in parallel.

In the recovery step, the crushed material is classified and a portion of the crushed material is recovered depending on the size of the crushed material. For example, if the carbon fibers are not sufficiently embrittled and coarse particles (coarse carbon fibers) remain that cannot be crushed into a sufficiently small size during the crushing process, the crushed particles can be classified to remove the coarse particles. It is preferable to collect it. Classification may be performed using a classifier, or may be performed using a vertical mill that has both a crushing function and a classification function.

The coarse materials recovered in the recovery process may be crushed again in the crushing process. By including such a recovery step, it is possible to suppress large-sized carbon fibers from being included in the solid fuel. The pulverized product from which coarse materials have been removed can be used as a solid fuel with excellent combustibility. For example, it may be burned in a kiln or calciner of a cement production facility. By performing such a combustion process, waste containing carbon fibers can be effectively used as fuel.

According to the above manufacturing method, solid fuel with excellent combustibility can be stably manufactured from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic. The combustible gas generated in the heating process may be combusted, for example, in a boiler or cement kiln, and used effectively.

The above manufacturing method may be performed using, for example, a manufacturing apparatus 100 according to an embodiment shown in FIG. The manufacturing apparatus 100 in FIG. 1 heats waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic together with granular or powdery auxiliary raw materials such as anti-fusing agents in a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air to obtain a softened product. A heating section 20, a cooling section 30 which obtains a lump by cooling the softened material with water, a crushing section 40 which obtains a pulverized material by crushing the agglomerate, and a pulverizing section 40 which classifies the pulverized material and divides the pulverized material into the size of the pulverized material. a collection section 50 that collects at least a portion of the pulverized material, a combustion section 60 that uses the combustible gas generated in the heating section 20 as fuel, and a control section 90 that controls the oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating section 20. Equipped with.

The heating section 20 may perform a heating process. The cooling section 30 may perform a cooling process. The crushing section 40 may perform a crushing process. It is preferable that the heating unit 20 is an external heating type heating device. For example, an externally heated rotary kiln can be used. Further, the crushing section 40 may be, for example, a vertical mill, and the crushing of the lumps and the classification of the crushed materials may be performed in parallel. Therefore, the description of each step can be applied to each component of the manufacturing apparatus 100. The production apparatus 100 can stably produce solid fuel with excellent combustibility from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

The control unit 90 supplies the heating unit 20 with a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, and adjusts the atmosphere of the heating unit 20 to a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air. do. It is preferable that the control unit 90 supplies gas containing water vapor to the heating unit 20. As the water vapor, water vapor obtained by cooling the softened material in the cooling unit 30 may be used. Thereby, the oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere during the heating process can be easily reduced while rapidly cooling the softened material after heating. The control unit 90 may include a control valve that adjusts the gas flow rate, a calculation unit that sets a target gas flow rate, and a transmission unit that exchanges signals between the calculation unit and the control valve. When a plurality of (n) gases are individually supplied to the heating unit 20, the control unit 90 may control the oxygen concentration value Y of the entire gas calculated by the above formula (1) to be 16% by volume or less. good. In this case, for example, the oxygen concentration of the entire gas can be controlled by changing the ratio of the flow rates of multiple types of gases. The value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire gas may be controlled to be 12 vol% or less, 10 vol% or less, or 8 vol% or less.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment. The manufacturing apparatus 101 in FIG. 2 includes a gas cooling section 62 that cools at least a portion of the exhaust gas from the combustion section 60, in addition to the configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 100 in FIG. In the gas cooling unit 62, for example, the exhaust gas may be cooled by bringing water into contact with the exhaust gas to obtain a cooled exhaust gas.

The gas (cooled exhaust gas) cooled by the gas cooling unit 62 is introduced into the heating unit 20 via the control unit 91 and the cooling unit 30. Note that the cooled exhaust gas may be introduced directly into the heating section 20 without passing through the cooling section 30. The supply flow rate of the cooled exhaust gas obtained by the gas cooling unit 62 to the heating unit 20 is adjusted by the control unit 91. In addition to the functions of the control section 90 in FIG. 1, the control section 91 may have a function of calculating the flow rate of the cooling exhaust gas supplied to the heating section 20 and releasing excess exhaust gas to the atmosphere.

The control unit 91 may control the oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating unit 20 by adjusting the flow rate of the cooled exhaust gas cooled by the gas cooling unit 62. Further, the mixing ratio between the cooled exhaust gas cooled by the gas cooling unit 62 and another gas different from this (for example, a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen) is adjusted. The oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating section 20 may also be controlled. The control section 91 may be provided between the heating section 20 and the cooling section 30.

The other configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 101 in FIG. 2 is the same as that of the manufacturing apparatus 100 in FIG. 1, and the description of the manufacturing apparatus 100 can be applied.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a manufacturing apparatus according to yet another embodiment. The manufacturing apparatus 102 shown in FIG. 3 differs from the manufacturing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. This further progresses the embrittlement of the carbon fibers contained in the recovered material (coarse material), making it easier to crush the carbon fibers when they are introduced into the crushing section 40 again.

In the manufacturing apparatus 102 of FIG. 3, exhaust gas generated in the combustion section 60 is supplied to the heating section 20 by a gas supply section 74 (heat source introduction section). In this way, exhaust gas may be used as a heat source for the heating section 20. In this case, the control unit 90 controls the flow rate and oxygen concentration of the gas supplied by the heating unit 20, taking into account the flow rate and oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas from the gas supply unit 74. In this way, energy efficiency can be further improved.

The other configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 102 in FIG. 3 is the same as that of the manufacturing apparatus 100 in FIG. 1, and the description of the manufacturing apparatus 100 can be applied. The content regarding the solid fuel manufacturing method described above can be applied to each of the manufacturing apparatuses 100, 101, and 102 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.

A solid fuel manufacturing method according to another embodiment may include a crushing process of crushing the waste before the heating process. The crushing step may be performed, for example, by a crushing section (not shown) provided upstream of the heating section 20 of any of the manufacturing apparatuses 100, 101, and 102. In the crushing step, the waste may be crushed to a size of, for example, 10 to 100 mm. A normal crusher can be used as the crusher. By providing the crushing section, the heating section 20, the cooling section 30, the crushing section 40, and the collection section 50 are prevented from being clogged or clogged with waste, making it possible to produce solid fuel even more smoothly. Become.

In a method for manufacturing solid fuel according to yet another embodiment, before the heating step, the waste is mixed with a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic is smaller than that of the first waste. It has a separation step of separating the waste into smaller secondary waste. This makes it possible to heat-treat only the first waste that is highly required to be embrittled, and it is possible to reduce operating costs and equipment costs. The secondary waste that has a small volume proportion of carbon fiber reinforced plastic or does not contain carbon fiber reinforced plastic may be used for another purpose, or it may be crushed as it is together with the lumps or separately from the lumps without performing a combustion process. It may also be made into a part of solid fuel through a process.

The manufacturing method according to the above-mentioned another embodiment may be performed using the manufacturing apparatus 103 shown in FIG. 4, for example. The manufacturing apparatus 103 in FIG. 4 includes a sorting unit 10 that separates first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste; A heating unit 20 that heats waste together with auxiliary raw materials in a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air to obtain a softened product; a cooling unit 30 that obtains a lump by cooling the softened product with water; It includes a crushing section 40 that crushes the second waste to obtain a crushed product, and a crushing section 41 that crushes the second waste.

This differs from the manufacturing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1 in that it includes a sorting section 10 and a crushing section 41, and that it does not include a collecting section 50, a combustion section 60, and a control section 90. The sorting section 10 may perform the above-mentioned sorting process. Since the other configurations are similar to the manufacturing apparatus 100 in FIG. 1, the description of the manufacturing apparatus 100 is applicable. That is, the heating section 20 may perform a heating process. The cooling unit 30 may perform a cooling process. The crushing section 40 may perform a crushing process. The production apparatus 103 can stably produce solid fuel with excellent combustibility from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a heating section used in the heating process. The external heat type rotary kiln 21 shown in FIG. It has an external heat furnace 72 that serves as a gas flow path, and an inlet hood 77 and an outlet hopper 78 provided at both ends of the inner cylindrical portion 71, respectively. The inner cylindrical portion 71 is rotatably supported around its central axis relative to the external heat furnace 72, the inlet side hood 77, and the outlet side hopper 78.

A hopper 22 that supplies waste 150 is connected to the inlet hood 77 . The inner cylinder part 71 is installed in a slightly inclined state with respect to the horizontal plane so that the outlet side (right side in FIG. 5) is lower than the inlet side (left side in FIG. 5). The waste 150 supplied from the hopper 22 into the inner cylinder part 71 moves from the inlet side to the outlet side while being stirred as the inner cylinder part 71 rotates. At this time, since heating gas of, for example, 200 to 500° C. is continuously supplied to the external heat furnace 72 from the gas supply section 74, at least a portion of the waste 150 is transferred to the inner cylinder section 71 by this heat. It melts at .

In order to prevent the softened material containing the melt from adhering to the inner wall of the inner cylindrical portion 71 and to prevent the softened material from fusing with each other and forming large agglomerates, auxiliary raw materials such as an anti-fusing agent are supplied (not shown). It may be supplied into the inner cylinder part 71 from the mouth. The softened material generated by heating for a predetermined period of time is discharged from a discharge section 79 provided at the lower part of the outlet side hopper 78. The softened material discharged from the discharge section 79 is introduced into the cooling section where it is cooled and becomes a lump.

The heated gas that has passed through the external heat furnace 72 is discharged from the gas discharge section 76. As the heating gas, for example, exhaust gas from a boiler or a kiln may be used. The gas discharged from the gas discharge section 76 may be released into the atmosphere or may be heated again and used for circulation.

The heating of the waste in the inner cylinder part 71 causes the plastic to decompose and gas to be produced. Since such gas contains a large amount of combustible components, it can be used as a combustible gas. For example, it may be used as a fuel for a combustion section 60 such as a boiler shown in FIG. 3. The combustible gas can be recovered, for example, from the outlet section 80 provided at the upper part of the outlet side hopper 78.

The exhaust gas generated in the combustion section 60 may be used as a heat source for the heating section 20. For example, the exhaust gas is supplied as heating gas from the gas supply section 74 in FIG. 5 to the external heat furnace 72. The positions and numbers of the lead-out portion 80 and the introduction portions 82, 84 are not limited to those shown in the drawings.

The exhaust gas generated in the combustion section 60 may be introduced into a low-oxygen atmosphere during the heating process. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, exhaust gas generated in the combustion section 60 is supplied to a gas cooling section 62. The gas cooling section 62 cools the exhaust gas with water. The cooled exhaust gas containing water vapor generated in the gas cooling section 62 is introduced from the introduction sections 82 and 84 of the rotary kiln 21 shown in FIG. By introducing water vapor in this manner, the oxygen concentration within the inner cylinder part 71 can be maintained low even if the pressure inside the inner cylinder part 71 is lower than atmospheric pressure. The positions and numbers of the lead-out portion 80 and the introduction portions 82, 84 are not limited to those shown in the drawings.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a sorting section used in the sorting process. The sorting unit 10A in FIG. 6 includes an image acquisition unit 110 that acquires an image of the waste 150, a first waste 151 containing carbon fiber, and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber than the first waste 151. A detection unit 120 that detects at least one of the objects 152 is provided.

Waste 150 is fed onto conveyor 136 (left side in FIG. 6). The waste 150 supplied onto the conveyor 136 is conveyed from left to right in FIG. 6 by the conveyor 136.

The image acquisition unit 110 includes a camera that captures still images or moving images of the waste 150. An image signal captured by the camera is input to the detection unit 120. The detection unit 120 performs image processing as necessary, and then detects information derived from carbon fibers (pattern, shape, color, etc.) in the image. Examples of image information derived from carbon fibers include a mesh pattern, a fluffy shape, a hangnail shape, and a black color or a color close to black derived from the fiber. Among these image information, it is preferable to detect patterns and shapes from the viewpoint of improving detection accuracy. Waste containing a pattern, shape, or color derived from carbon fibers is detected as first waste 151 .

The detection unit 120 also receives waste location information from the image acquisition unit 110 . The position information of the first waste 151 is input from the detection unit 120 to the control unit 131 that controls the robot arm 134 . The control unit 131 controls the robot arm 134 based on the position information of the first waste 151 from the detection unit 120. Robotic arm 134 grasps and lifts first waste 151 from conveyor 136 . In this way, the robot arm 134 removes the first waste material 151 from the waste material 150. The robot arm 134 moves to the right in FIG. 6 together with the control section 131 along a guide section (not shown), and releases the first waste 151 above the first storage section 161. As a result, the first waste 151 is stored in the first storage section 161.

On the other hand, waste for which information derived from carbon fibers is not detected by the detection unit 120 is transported by the conveyor 136 and stored in the second storage unit 162 installed downstream of the conveyor 136. In this way, waste 150 is separated into first waste 151 and second waste 152.

The second waste material 152 may include carbon fibers. Comparing the entire first waste 151 stored in the first storage section 161 and the entire second waste 152 stored in the second storage section 162, the entire first waste 151 is larger than the second waste 152. If the volume ratio of carbon fiber is larger than that of the entire object 152, the sorting section 10A contributes to smooth treatment of waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

The detection of the first waste 151 by the detection unit 120 may be performed based on any one of information derived from carbon fibers, such as pattern, shape, and color, or based on two of these information. It may be performed based on a combination, or it may be performed based on a combination of these three pieces of information.

In a modified example, waste may be separated into two or three or more types depending on the size of the pattern, shape, or color derived from carbon fibers, or the ratio thereof. In this case, for example, a first waste 151 having the highest proportion of patterns, shapes, or colors derived from carbon fibers, a second waste 152 having the smallest proportions of patterns, shapes, or colors derived from carbon fibers, and carbon The third waste may be separated into a third waste whose pattern, shape, or color ratio derived from the fibers is between the first waste 151 and the second waste 152. In this case, only the first waste 151 may be supplied to the heating section, or only the third waste may be supplied to the heating section. At this time, the first waste 151 having the highest volume ratio of carbon fibers may be supplied to a recycling facility for recycling carbon fibers.

In yet another modification, the second waste 152 may be gripped and removed by the robot arm 134 from among the waste 150 placed on the conveyor 136. In this case, the first waste material 151 containing carbon fibers, which is not taken out by the robot arm 134, falls and is stored in a storage section installed on the downstream side of the conveyor 136. In this manner, the robot arm 134 may separate the first waste 151 from the waste 150 by removing the second waste 152 from the waste 150.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another example of the sorting section used in the sorting process. The sorting section 10B shown in FIG. 7 sorts waste 150 containing carbon fiber reinforced plastics according to the difference in electrostatic force caused by the chargeability. The sorting unit 10B includes a charging unit 111 that charges the waste 150 containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and a charging unit 111 that charges the waste 150 containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and separates the waste 150 into a first waste 151 and a second waste 152 by changing the fall trajectory of the waste using electrostatic force. Separate into

The waste 150 containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic is charged in the charging section 111. The polarity of charging is not particularly limited. As the charging section 111, one including an electric field generating device can be mentioned. As the waste 150 passes through the electric field generated by the electric field generator, the waste 150 becomes electrically charged. The electrical resistivity of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic included in the waste 150 is, for example, 1×10 ⁻¹ [Ω·m] or less. On the other hand, the electrical resistivity of waste made of an insulator such as plastic that does not contain carbon fiber is 1×10 ⁶ [Ω·m] or more. As described above, since the electric resistivity of the waste greatly differs depending on the contained components, when the waste 150 passes through an electric field, the charging property will differ depending on the contained components.

A known electric field generator can be used as the electric field generator provided in the charging section 111. For example, an electric field generator that includes a needle-shaped electrode to which a high voltage is applied and a conductor and forms a corona discharge field between the two can be used. Can be mentioned. The charging unit 111 is not limited to being equipped with an electric field generating device, and may be equipped with a friction generating device such as a rotating drum or a vibrator, for example. In this case, static electricity can be generated and charged by the friction caused by moving the waste in a rotating drum or vibrator. Even with such a method, the chargeability of the waste will differ depending on the components contained therein. From the viewpoint of sufficiently charging the waste, the inner wall of the friction generating device is preferably made of an insulator.

Charged waste 150 is fed onto conveyor 136 (left side in FIG. 7). The waste 150 supplied onto the conveyor 136 is conveyed by the conveyor 136 toward the charging drum 132 of the sorting section 10B in FIG. Conveyor 136 is arranged below charging drum 132. As a result, the waste 150 is supplied to the lower side of the rotating surface of the charging drum 132. By supplying the waste 150 below the rotating surface in this manner, the waste 150 can be separated without direct contact between the rotating surface and the waste 150.

The rotating surface of the charging drum 132 is charged to the opposite polarity to that of the waste. When the waste 150 reaches below the charging drum 132 by the conveyor 136, it is charged to the opposite polarity to the rotating surface of the charging drum 132, and the second waste 152, which has a large potential difference with the rotating surface, is attracted by electrostatic attraction. Adheres to rotating surfaces. Thereafter, it rotates together with the rotating surface of the charging drum 132, is peeled off from the rotating surface by the scraper 133 provided along the rotating surface, falls, and is accommodated in the second storage section 162. The scraper 133 may be, for example, a scraping brush.

On the other hand, the first waste 151 that is not charged, or the first waste 151 that is charged to the opposite polarity to the rotating surface of the charging drum 132 but has a smaller potential difference with the rotating surface than the second waste 152, Since the gravity is greater than the electrostatic attraction between the rotating surface of the charging drum 132 and the first waste 151, the waste falls without adhering to the rotating surface of the charging drum 132 and is stored in the first storage section 161. In this way, the first waste 151 and the second waste 152 contained in the waste 150 are divided into the first waste 151 and the second waste 152 depending on their respective chargeability (potential difference with the rotating surface of the charging drum 132). The waste 152 is separated and stored in separate storage sections. In this way, waste 150 is separated into first waste 151 and second waste 152. The first accommodating part 161 and the second accommodating part 162 may be connected to the ground so that the first waste 151 and the second waste 152 respectively accommodated therein are electrically neutral.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic tends to be collected as the first waste 151 because it is less likely to be charged than waste made of insulators such as paper scraps and resin. On the other hand, waste made of insulators tends to be collected as second waste 152 because it is more easily charged than waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic. That is, since the first waste 151 containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic has higher conductivity than the second waste 152 containing plastic, rubber, waste paper, etc., the waste 150 containing such waste components is When separated, the first waste 151 has a higher carbon fiber content than the second waste 152.

However, the second waste 152 may also contain carbon fibers. Comparing the entire first waste 151 stored in the first storage section 161 and the entire second waste 152 stored in the second storage section 162, the entire first waste 151 is larger than the second waste 152. If the content of carbon fiber is higher than that of the entire material 152, the sorting section 10B contributes to smooth treatment of waste containing carbon fiber.

The sorting sections 10A and 10B can reduce the amount of waste to be processed in the heating section by separating the waste 150. In other words, it becomes possible to perform appropriate treatment depending on the content of carbon fiber reinforced plastic. Waste that is not introduced into the heating section may be treated, for example, in an acid treatment section that dissolves resin components contained in the waste with acid.

The solid fuel obtained by the above manufacturing method or the above manufacturing apparatus may be used as a cement raw fuel or as a fuel for a kiln or calciner of cement manufacturing equipment. Thereby, fuel costs for cement manufacturing equipment can be reduced.

Although several embodiments have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, the contents related to each embodiment of the solid fuel manufacturing method may be combined. The elements of each manufacturing apparatus 100, 101, or 102 may be added to the manufacturing apparatus 103, or the elements of the manufacturing apparatus 103 may be added to the manufacturing apparatus 100, 101, or 102. Also, for example, the second waste that does not contain carbon fiber reinforced plastic or the second waste that has a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste, which is separated in the sorting section, is crushed more than the first waste. Since it is easy to do so, it may be crushed together with the lumps in the crushing process without performing the heating process. That is, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 4, the second waste may bypass the heating section 20 and the cooling section 30 and be introduced into the crushing section 40.

Note that the second waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic may be subjected to the heating process instead of the first waste. In this case, the first waste having a larger volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the second waste may be separated into a carbon fiber-rich portion and a plastic-rich portion in a carbon fiber separation section having an acid treatment section or the like. Carbon fibers may be regenerated using the carbon fiber-rich portion.

Further, for example, a crushing section may be provided upstream of the sorting section 10 in FIG. 4 and/or between the sorting section 10 and the heating section 20. By crushing the carbon fiber reinforced plastic into small pieces, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of problems such as blockage and catching.

The sorting section is not limited to the above-mentioned example, and may be, for example, one that sorts based on the difference in specific gravity, or one that sorts depending on conductivity.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a solid fuel manufacturing method and a solid fuel manufacturing apparatus capable of stably manufacturing solid fuel with excellent combustibility from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic. can. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a solid fuel usage method that uses solid fuel that is stably produced from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and has excellent combustibility.

10, 10A, 10B... Sorting section, 20... Heating section, 21... Rotary kiln, 22... Hopper, 30... Cooling section, 40... Crushing section, 41... Crushing section, 50... Recovery section, 60... Combustion section, 62... Gas Cooling section, 71... Inner tube section, 72... External heat furnace, 74... Gas supply section, 76... Gas discharge section, 77... Inlet side hood, 78... Outlet side hopper, 79... Discharge section, 80... Derivation section, 82 , 84... Introduction section, 90, 91... Control section, 100, 101... Manufacturing device, 110... Image acquisition section, 111... Charging section, 120... Detecting section, 131... Control section, 132... Charging drum, 133... Scraper, 134... Robot arm, 136... Conveyor, 150... Waste, 151... First waste, 152... Second waste, 161... First storage section, 162... Second storage section.

Claims (24)

Waste containing carbon fiber-reinforced plastic is heated in a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen to soften it. a heating step to obtain
A pulverizing step of obtaining a pulverized product by pulverizing the lumps obtained from the softened material;
a combustion step of collecting and burning flammable gas generated in the heating step,
A method for producing a solid fuel, comprising supplying as the gas a cooled exhaust gas obtained by cooling the exhaust gas generated in the combustion process by bringing it into contact with water. Before the heating step, a separation step of separating the waste into a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste. Furthermore, it has
The solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein in the heating step, the first waste is heated to obtain the softened material. Waste containing carbon fiber-reinforced plastic is heated in a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen to soften it. a heating step to obtain
A pulverizing step of obtaining a pulverized product by pulverizing the lumps obtained from the softened material;
Before the heating step, a separation step of separating the waste into a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste; , has
A solid fuel manufacturing method, wherein in the heating step, only the first waste is heated to obtain the softened material. The solid fuel manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a control step of controlling the oxygen concentration of the gas. In the heating step, 1 to n types of gas (n: an integer of 1 or more) are individually supplied,
5. The solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein in the control step, the value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire gas calculated by the following formula (1) is controlled to be 16% by volume or less.
(In the above formula (1), Cx is the dry oxygen concentration of gas X supplied individually, VDx is the dry volume flow rate of gas X supplied individually, and VWx is the wet volume of gas X supplied individually. (X is an integer from 1 to n assigned to each gas.) The solid fuel manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere is 16% by volume or less. The solid fuel manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere is adjusted by the amount of water vapor. The solid fuel manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the heating step, granular or powdery auxiliary raw materials are heated together with the waste. The solid fuel production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a recovery step of classifying the pulverized material and recovering at least a portion of the pulverized material depending on the size of the pulverized material. The solid fuel manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in the heating step, the waste is heated in a temperature range of 200 to 500° C. for a period of more than 2 hours. The solid fuel manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a crushing step of crushing the waste before the heating step. The solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein exhaust gas generated in the combustion step is used as a heat source in the heating step. Waste containing carbon fiber-reinforced plastic is heated in a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen to soften it. a heating section that obtains
a crushing section that crushes the lumps obtained from the softened material to obtain a crushed product;
a combustion section that burns the flammable gas generated in the heating section;
a gas cooling unit that cools the exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit by bringing it into contact with water;
A solid fuel manufacturing apparatus, comprising: an introduction section that introduces the cooled exhaust gas cooled by the gas cooling section into the heating section as the gas. a sorting section that separates the waste into a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste; The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the softened product is obtained by heating the first waste. Waste containing carbon fiber-reinforced plastic is heated in a low-oxygen atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen to soften it. a heating section that obtains
a crushing section that crushes the lumps obtained from the softened material to obtain a crushed product;
a sorting unit that separates the waste into a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste;
A solid fuel manufacturing apparatus, wherein the heating section heats only the first waste to obtain the softened material. The solid fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 15, further comprising a control unit that controls the oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating unit. 1 to n types of gas (n: an integer of 1 or more) are individually supplied to the heating section,
17. The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the control unit controls the oxygen concentration value Y of the entire gas to be 16% by volume or less, which is calculated by the following formula (1).
(In the above formula (1), Cx is the dry oxygen concentration of gas X supplied individually, VDx is the dry volume flow rate of gas X supplied individually, and VWx is the wet volume of gas X supplied individually. (X is an integer from 1 to n assigned to each gas.) The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere in the heating section is 16% by volume or less. The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the heating section is configured to heat granular or powdered auxiliary raw materials together with waste. The solid fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 19, further comprising a recovery section that classifies the pulverized material and recovers at least a portion of the pulverized material depending on the size of the pulverized material. The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 20, comprising a crushing section that crushes the waste before heating the waste. The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein the heating section heats the waste in a temperature range of 200 to 500° C. for a period of more than 2 hours. The solid fuel production apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, further comprising a heat source introduction section that introduces exhaust gas generated in the combustion section as a heat source of the heating section. A method for using solid fuel, comprising the step of burning the solid fuel obtained by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 in a kiln or calciner of cement manufacturing equipment.

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