JP2020152827A - Methods for producing and using solid fuel, and device for producing solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a solid fuel production device capable of stably producing a solid fuel excellent in combustibility from wastes containing carbon fiber-reinforced plastic.SOLUTION: A solid fuel production device 100 comprises: a heating unit 20 for obtaining a softened product by heating wastes containing carbon fiber-reinforced plastic in a low oxygen atmosphere having a lower oxygen concentration than air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide and nitrogen; and a crushing unit 40 for obtaining a crushed product by crushing aggregate obtained from the softened product.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing and using a solid fuel, and an apparatus for producing a solid fuel.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is used in various applications such as daily necessities, personal computers, home appliances, automobiles, aircraft, sports equipment, and construction and civil engineering fields by utilizing the characteristics of carbon fiber such as light weight and high strength. Shredder dust generated from the disposal of these products includes carbon fiber reinforced plastics.

As a means for effective utilization of waste plastic, a technique for obtaining solid fuel from waste containing waste plastic is being studied. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a technique in which CFRP is heat-treated under predetermined conditions to improve the pulverizability of CFRP, and the pulverized product obtained by pulverizing after the heat treatment is used as a fuel for a cement production apparatus.

JP-A-2017-66383

Due to the high strength of carbon fiber, carbon fiber reinforced plastic is less likely to be crushed than other waste components. Therefore, it is easy to maintain a large size as compared with other waste components. When waste containing such a large-sized carbon fiber reinforced plastic is used as a solid fuel, there is a concern that the carbon fiber will remain unburned. Here, if the waste is heated in the atmosphere as in Patent Document 1, there is a concern that the safety will be impaired and the calories of the solid fuel will be reduced.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for producing a solid fuel capable of stably producing a solid fuel having excellent combustibility from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and an apparatus for producing the solid fuel. Further, the present invention provides a method for using a solid fuel, which is stably produced from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and uses a solid fuel having excellent combustibility.

The method for producing a solid fuel according to one aspect of the present disclosure is to heat in a low oxygen atmosphere having a lower oxygen concentration than air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. It has a heating step of obtaining a softened product and a crushing step of crushing a lump product obtained from the softened product to obtain a pulverized product.

In the above manufacturing method, since the waste is heated in a low oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration lower than that of air, the embrittlement of carbon fibers is promoted by heating, and the disappearance due to combustion of plastic during heating is suppressed. It can maintain high calories. In addition, the embrittled carbon fibers are smoothly pulverized in the pulverization step. Therefore, in the above production method, a solid fuel having excellent combustibility can be stably produced. The gas may contain a by-product generated in the facility as a main component, or may contain a by-product of a neighboring facility. As a result, it is possible to easily adjust to a low oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration lower than that of air without producing a new raw material gas for lowering the oxygen concentration.

It is preferable that the production method further includes a control step for controlling the oxygen concentration of the gas. When waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic is heated, gas is generated as the treatment progresses. The gas produced varies depending on the type and ratio of the plastic (resin) to be heated and the reaction state. For this reason, it may be difficult to strictly predict and control the inside of the heating unit where the heating process is performed. Therefore, by controlling in the above control step, the reaction conditions can be stabilized and the atmosphere of the heating step can be smoothly controlled. This makes it possible to produce a solid fuel having a more stable quality.

ここで、上記式（１）中、Ｃｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き酸素濃度、Ｖ_Ｄｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き体積流量、及び、Ｖ_Ｗｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの湿り体積流量をそれぞれ示す。Ｘはガス毎に附番される１〜ｎの整数である。 In the heating step, 1 to n types of gases (integers of n: 1 or more) are individually supplied, and in the control step, the value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire gas calculated by the following formula (1) is set to 16. It is preferable to control the volume to% or less.

Here, in the above equation (1), _C x is the dry oxygen concentration of the gas X supplied individually, V _D x is the dry volume flow rate of the gas X supplied individually, and V _W x is supplied individually. The wet volume flow rate of the gas X is shown. X is an integer of 1 to n numbered for each gas.

As described above, if the heating atmosphere (low oxygen atmosphere) is controlled by the weighted average of the gases supplied individually, the fluctuation of the oxygen concentration in the heating atmosphere is sufficient even when a plurality of gases having different oxygen concentrations are used, for example. Can be suppressed. As a result, the heating process can be further stabilized.

The oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere is preferably 16% by volume or less. By heating the waste in such a low oxygen atmosphere, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the disappearance of the plastic due to combustion during heating.

The oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere is preferably adjusted by the amount of water vapor. As a result, a solid fuel having excellent combustibility can be produced at low cost. As the water vapor, for example, the water vapor produced by the above-mentioned production method can be used.

In the heating step, granular or powdery auxiliary materials may be heated together with the waste. Examples of the auxiliary raw material include a combustion improver, a chlorine fixing agent, a pulverization aid, and an anti-fusion agent. When the auxiliary raw material contains an anti-fusion agent, it is possible to prevent the melted plastics from fusing to each other and prevent the melted plastics from adhering to the heating equipment. Further, when the auxiliary raw material contains a chlorine fixing agent, chlorine generated from the chlorine-containing plastic can be immobilized. Further, when the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere is 12% by volume or less, high safety can be maintained even when pulverized coal is used as the anti-fusion agent.

The above manufacturing method preferably includes a recovery step of classifying the crushed product and recovering at least a part of the crushed product according to the size of the crushed product. For example, by recovering a crushed product having a size larger than a predetermined size and crushing the recovered product again in the crushing step, it is possible to suppress the inclusion of coarse substances in the solid fuel and further reduce the unburned residue of the solid fuel. It can be reduced. Further, the pulverized product (recovered product) larger than the predetermined size may be reheated in the heating step.

Prior to the heating step, it is preferable to have a crushing step of crushing the waste. This makes it possible to carry out the heating step and the crushing step more smoothly.

In the heating step, it is preferable to heat the waste in a temperature range of 200 to 500 ° C. for a time exceeding 2 hours. By heating under such conditions, the modification of the resin and the embrittlement of the carbon fibers proceed sufficiently, and the pulverizability of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic can be further improved. Further, by heating in a low oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 16% by volume or less, a sufficiently high calorie can be maintained even when heated under the above-mentioned temperature and time conditions.

Prior to the heating step, it is preferable to have a crushing step of crushing the waste. This makes it possible to carry out the heating step and the crushing step more smoothly.

The manufacturing method preferably includes a combustion step of recovering and burning the flammable gas generated in the heating step. By burning flammable gas in the combustion process, gas treatment can be performed smoothly. Further, the combustion heat generated at this time, that is, the combustion heat of the combustible gas generated in the combustion process, is effectively used as a heat source for the heating process, a heat source for the exhaust heat boiler, or a heat source for drying waste before treatment. Good. This can improve energy efficiency.

In the above manufacturing method, the exhaust gas generated in the above combustion step may be used as a heat source in the above heating step. As a result, the combustion heat of the combustible gas generated in the combustion process can be effectively used as a heat source in the heating process, and energy efficiency can be improved.

The cooled exhaust gas obtained by bringing the exhaust gas generated in the combustion step into contact with water and cooling it may be supplied as the gas in the heating step. As a result, the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere in the heating step can be easily adjusted without separately preparing a gas for creating a low oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration lower than that of air.

Prior to the heating step, there is a further sorting step of separating the waste into a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste. However, in the heating step, it is preferable to heat either the first waste or the second waste. As a result, for example, it is possible to perform steps such as heating and crushing only the first waste having a large volume ratio of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic having high strength and being hard to burn among the components contained in the waste. .. Thereby, the load of the heating process can be reduced. The second waste may be pulverized in a pulverization step without performing a heating step, for example. Alternatively, the first waste may separate the carbon fiber and the plastic in a carbon fiber separation step such as acid treatment. In this case, since only the second waste is heated in the heating step, the load in the heating step can be reduced.

The solid fuel production apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which is more than air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. It has a heating unit for obtaining a softened product by heating in a low oxygen atmosphere having a low oxygen concentration, and a pulverized unit for pulverizing a lump product obtained from the softened product to obtain a pulverized product.

The above-mentioned manufacturing apparatus can maintain high calories by suppressing the disappearance of plastic due to combustion during heating while promoting embrittlement of carbon fibers by heating in a low oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration lower than that of air. it can. In addition, the embrittled carbon fibers are smoothly crushed in the crushed portion. Therefore, the above-mentioned manufacturing apparatus can stably manufacture a solid fuel having excellent combustibility.

It is preferable that the manufacturing apparatus further includes a control unit that controls the oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating unit. When waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic is heated, gas is generated as the treatment progresses. The gas produced varies depending on the type and ratio of the plastic (resin) to be heated and the reaction state. For this reason, it may be difficult to strictly predict and manage the atmosphere in the heating unit. Therefore, by controlling with the control unit, the reaction conditions can be stabilized and the atmosphere of the heating unit can be smoothly managed. This makes it possible to produce a solid fuel having a more stable quality.

上記式（１）中、Ｃｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き酸素濃度、Ｖ_Ｄｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き体積流量、及び、Ｖ_Ｗｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの湿り体積流量をそれぞれ示す。Ｘはガス毎に附番される１〜ｎの整数である。 1 to n types of gases (integers of n: 1 or more) are individually supplied to the heating unit, and the control unit sets the value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire gas calculated by the following formula (1) to 16. It is preferable to control the volume to% or less.

In the above formula (1), _C x is the dry oxygen concentration of the individually supplied gas X, V _D x is the dry volume flow rate of the individually supplied gas X, and V _W x is the individually supplied gas X. Wet volume flow rate of is shown respectively. X is an integer of 1 to n numbered for each gas.

As described above, if the heating atmosphere (low oxygen atmosphere) is controlled by the weighted average of the gases supplied individually, the fluctuation of the oxygen concentration in the heating atmosphere is sufficient even when a plurality of gases having different oxygen concentrations are used, for example. Can be suppressed. As a result, the operation of the heating unit can be further stabilized.

The oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere in the heating portion is preferably 16% by volume or less. By heating the waste in such a low oxygen atmosphere, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the disappearance of the plastic due to combustion during heating.

The heating unit is preferably configured to heat the granular or powdery auxiliary material together with the waste. Examples of the auxiliary raw material include a combustion improver, a chlorine fixing agent, a pulverization aid, and an anti-fusion agent. When the auxiliary raw material contains an anti-fusion agent, it is possible to prevent the melted plastics from fusing to each other and prevent the melted plastics from adhering to the inner wall of the heating portion or the like. Further, when the auxiliary raw material contains a chlorine fixing agent, chlorine generated from the chlorine-containing plastic can be immobilized. Further, if the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere in the heating portion is 12% by volume or less, high safety can be maintained even when pulverized coal is used as an auxiliary raw material (fusion inhibitor).

The manufacturing apparatus preferably includes a recovery unit that classifies the crushed product and recovers at least a part of the crushed product according to the size of the crushed product. For example, by recovering a pulverized product having a size larger than a predetermined size and reheating it in a heating unit, it is possible to prevent the residual coarse matter of the solid fuel from remaining and further reduce the unburned residue of the solid fuel. .. In the heating unit, the crushed product (recovered product) of a predetermined size recovered in the recovery unit may be reheated.

The manufacturing apparatus preferably includes a crushing portion that crushes the waste before heating it. As a result, it is possible to suppress clogging or blockage of waste in the heating part, the crushing part, and the like, and it becomes possible to more smoothly produce the solid fuel.

The heating unit preferably heats the waste in a temperature range of 200 to 500 ° C. for a time exceeding 2 hours. By heating under such conditions, the pulverizability of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic can be further improved.

It is preferable that the manufacturing apparatus includes a combustion unit that burns the flammable gas generated in the heating unit. By providing a combustion unit that burns flammable gas, gas treatment can be smoothly performed. Further, the combustion heat of the combustible gas generated in the combustion unit may be effectively used as a heat source of the heating unit, a heat source of the exhaust heat boiler, and a heat source for drying waste before treatment. This can improve energy efficiency.

It is preferable to include a heat source introduction unit that introduces the exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit as a heat source of the heating unit. As a result, the combustion heat of the combustible gas generated in the combustion unit can be effectively used as a heat source in the heating unit, and energy efficiency can be improved.

The manufacturing apparatus may have a gas cooling unit that cools the exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit by contacting it with water. Further, an introduction unit may be provided in which the cooled exhaust gas cooled by the gas cooling unit is introduced into the heating unit as the gas. In this way, the cooling exhaust gas containing water vapor may be introduced into the heating unit. By providing these configurations, the heating unit can be easily adjusted to a low oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration lower than that of air without producing a new raw material gas for lowering the oxygen concentration.

The manufacturing apparatus is provided with a sorting unit that separates the waste into a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste, and heats the waste. In the section, it is preferable to heat either the first waste or the second waste. As a result, for example, it is possible to supply only the first waste having a high strength and a large volume ratio of the incombustible carbon fiber among the components contained in the waste to the heating unit. As a result, the load on the heating unit can be reduced. For example, the second waste may be supplied to the crushed portion together with the lumpy substance without being supplied to the heating portion. Alternatively, the first waste may be supplied to a carbon fiber separating portion such as an acid treatment to separate the carbon fiber and the plastic. In this case, since only the second waste is heated in the heating step, the load in the heating step can be reduced.

The method of using the solid fuel according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a step of burning the solid fuel obtained by the above-mentioned production method in a kiln or a calcining furnace of a cement production facility. According to this method of use, solid fuel that is stably produced from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and has excellent combustibility can be burned in a kiln or a calcining furnace of a cement production facility.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a solid fuel production method capable of stably producing a solid fuel having excellent combustibility from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and a solid fuel production apparatus. it can. Further, it is possible to provide a method of using a solid fuel, which is stably produced from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and uses a solid fuel having excellent combustibility.

It is a figure which shows one Embodiment of the solid fuel production apparatus. It is a figure which shows another embodiment of the solid fuel production apparatus. It is a figure which shows still another embodiment of the solid fuel production apparatus. It is a figure which shows still another embodiment of the solid fuel production apparatus. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows an example of a heating part. It is a figure which shows an example of a sorting part. It is a figure which shows another example of a sorting part.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings in some cases. However, the following embodiments are examples for explaining the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure to the following contents. In the description, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements or elements having the same function, and duplicate description may be omitted in some cases. Further, the positional relationship such as up, down, left and right shall be based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified. Further, the dimensional ratio of each element is not limited to the ratio shown in the figure.

The method for producing a solid fuel according to an embodiment is to supply waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) from air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. A heating step of heating in a low oxygen atmosphere with a low oxygen concentration to obtain a softened product of waste, a cooling step of cooling the softened product with water to obtain a lump, and crushing the lump containing carbon fiber. The crushing step of obtaining the crushed product, the recovery step of classifying the crushed product and recovering a part of the crushed product according to the size of the crushed product, the combustion step of burning the flammable gas generated in the heating step, and the above. It has a control step of controlling the oxygen concentration of the gas. In the heating step, the anti-fusing agent may be heated together with the waste. Examples of the anti-fusing agent include pulverized coal. By using the anti-fusion agent, it is possible to prevent the melted plastics from fusing to each other and to prevent the melted plastics from adhering to the heating equipment.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics include carbon fibers and plastics. Examples of the plastic include thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene, and thermosetting resins such as phenol resin and epoxy resin. Examples of the carbon fiber include those produced by carbonizing acrylic fiber or pitch as a raw material at a high temperature. However, the carbon fiber reinforced plastic may contain components other than those described above.

The waste may be derived from daily necessities, personal computers, home appliances, automobiles, aircraft, sports equipment, construction and civil engineering fields, and the like. These wastes may be shredder dust generated by the disposal of automobiles, home appliances, and the like. The waste may contain not only carbon fiber reinforced plastic but also a resin component such as carbon fiber-free plastic. The waste may contain foreign substances such as metal and rubber in addition to carbon fibers and resin components.

In the heating step, it is preferable to heat the waste in a temperature range of 200 to 500 ° C. for a time exceeding 2 hours. By setting the temperature in such a range, embrittlement of carbon fibers can be sufficiently promoted while suppressing energy consumption. From the same viewpoint, the temperature range may be 250 to 450 ° C, 300 to 400 ° C, or 300 to 350 ° C. The heating time in the above temperature range may be 2.1 hours or more, 2.5 hours or more, or 3 hours or more. By lengthening the heating time, the modification of the resin and the embrittlement of the carbon fibers can be sufficiently promoted.

On the other hand, from the viewpoint of suppressing energy consumption, the heating time in the above temperature range may be 5 hours or less, or 4 hours or less. The pressure in the heating step may be below atmospheric pressure or below atmospheric pressure. By setting the pressure to less than atmospheric pressure, it is possible to prevent the gas generated from the softener from flowing out from a heating furnace such as a kiln. In addition, the vaporization of the tar component generated by heating is promoted, and the fusion of the softened substances can be suppressed.

The oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere in the heating step may be adjusted by at least one of the oxygen concentration and the flow rate of the gas supplied in the heating step. After entering the normal operating state from the stopped state, the solid fuel can be sufficiently stably produced by controlling the oxygen concentration of the supplied gas.

By setting the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere in the heating step to 16% by volume or less, the combustion of waste can be sufficiently suppressed and the calories of the solid fuel can be maintained high. Further, by setting the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere in the heating step to 12% by volume or less, the heating step can be performed with higher safety.

The oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating process is controlled by the control process. From the same viewpoint, the oxygen concentration of the gas controlled in the control step may be 12% by volume or less, 10% by volume or less, or 8% by volume or less. The lower limit of the oxygen concentration of the gas may be, for example, 2% by volume or more, and may be 4% by volume or more. "Volume%" in the present disclosure is a volume ratio in a standard state (0 ° C., 1 bar atm). The adjustment of the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere in the heating step can be adjusted by the oxygen concentration of the supplied gas.

When there are a plurality of types of gases supplied to the heating step, it is preferable that the control step controls the oxygen concentration of the entire gas by the weighted average of each gas. For example, when a plurality of (n kinds) gases having different oxygen concentrations are supplied to the heating step, the oxygen concentration value Y of the entire supplied gas can be calculated by the following formula (1).

上記式（１）中、Ｃｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き酸素濃度、Ｖ_Ｄｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの乾き体積流量、及び、Ｖ_Ｗｘは個別に供給されるガスＸの湿り体積流量をそれぞれ示す。Ｘはガス毎に附番される１〜ｎの整数である。制御工程では、ガス全体の酸素濃度の値Ｙを、１６体積％以下に制御してもよく、１２体積％以下に制御してもよく、１０体積％以下に制御してもよく、８体積％以下に制御してもよい。

In the above formula (1), _C x is the dry oxygen concentration of the individually supplied gas X, V _D x is the dry volume flow rate of the individually supplied gas X, and V _W x is the individually supplied gas X. Wet volume flow rate of is shown respectively. X is an integer of 1 to n numbered for each gas. In the control step, the value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire gas may be controlled to 16% by volume or less, 12% by volume or less, 10% by volume or less, or 8% by volume. It may be controlled as follows.

The above formula (1) is specifically expressed as follows, for example, when there are two types of gas (n = 2) supplied to the heating step.
Value of oxygen concentration of the whole supplied gas Y =
{(C ₁ x V _D1 ) + (C ₂ x V _D2 )} / (V _W1 + V _W2 )
The oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere of the heating step may be adjusted by using only one of the two types of gases (gas 1 and gas 2). In this case, the other of the gas 1 and the gas 2 may be air brought in from a raw material input port, a vent that can be grasped structurally, or the like.

When a part of the supplied gas is a gas (air) whose oxygen concentration cannot be adjusted at all or hardly, the oxygen concentration of the entire supplied gas is one or more of the supplied gases. It may be adjusted by manipulating the wet oxygen concentration of the adjustable gas. At this time, for example, the oxygen concentration may be adjusted by adding at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide and nitrogen to the adjustable gas.

At least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide and nitrogen contained in the supplied gas is preferably derived from any step in the present production method of solid fuel. As a result, it is possible to avoid procuring a new gas in order to adjust the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere of the heating process, and the operation can be performed at a lower cost. If necessary, a steam generator or the like may be used to supplement the insufficient supply gas.

The oxygen concentration in the gas may be measured by, for example, an oxygen concentration meter of a zirconia type or a magnetic force type, or may be analyzed in a separately provided oxygen concentration analysis step.

The softened product obtained in the heating step may contain a melt of the plastic contained in the carbon fiber reinforced plastic. The softened product may contain a solid such as carbon fiber and a liquid (melt). The softened product is cooled to a solid mass. The lump may contain organic substances such as carbon fibers and carbides of plastic and pulverized coal.

In the cooling step, the softened product obtained in the heating step is cooled with water to obtain a lump. In the cooling step, the softened product may be cooled by directly contacting water with the softened material, or may be indirectly cooled via a cooling medium or the like. For example, the softened product may be introduced into an iron cylinder and sprinkled with water from the outside of the cylinder to cool it. By performing such a cooling step, the softened product is smoothly cooled, and the time required for producing the solid fuel can be shortened.

In the crushing step, the lump is crushed to obtain a crushed product. Since the resin is modified in the heating step and the carbon fibers are embrittled, the agglomerates containing the carbon fibers are smoothly crushed in the crushing step. The pulverized product obtained here can be used as a solid fuel. By crushing the agglomerates in this way, the carbon fibers become smaller, and the unburned residue when used as a solid fuel can be reduced. This improves flammability. In addition, it is possible to suppress the introduction of unburned carbon fiber residue into the electrostatic precipitator that processes the combustion gas of solid fuel, and reduce the frequency of equipment maintenance. The size of the pulverized product (solid fuel) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 10 mm or less, or 5 mm or less. The pulverization step may be performed using, for example, a vertical mill or a tube mill. By using a vertical mill, the pulverization step and the recovery step may be performed in parallel.

In the recovery step, the crushed product is classified and a part of the crushed product is recovered according to the size of the crushed product. For example, if the carbon fibers are not sufficiently embrittled and coarse materials (coarse carbon fibers) that are not crushed to a sufficiently small size remain in the crushing process, the crushed products are classified to obtain the coarse products. It is preferable to collect it. The classification may be performed by a classifying machine or by a vertical mill having both a crushing function and a classifying function.

The coarse matter recovered in the recovery step may be crushed again in the crushing step. By having such a recovery step, it is possible to suppress the inclusion of large-sized carbon fibers in the solid fuel. The pulverized product from which the coarse matter has been removed can be used as a solid fuel having excellent flammability. For example, it may be burned in a kiln or a calcining furnace of a cement manufacturing facility. By performing such a combustion process, waste containing carbon fibers can be effectively used as fuel.

According to the above production method, a solid fuel having excellent combustibility can be stably produced from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic. The flammable gas generated in the heating step may be effectively used by burning it in, for example, a boiler or a cement kiln.

The manufacturing method may be performed using, for example, the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. The manufacturing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1 heats waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic together with granular or powdery auxiliary raw materials such as a fusion inhibitor in a low oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration lower than that of air to obtain a softened product. The heating unit 20, the cooling unit 30 that obtains a lump by cooling the softened product with water, the crushing unit 40 that crushes the lump product to obtain a crushed product, and the crushed product are classified into the size of the crushed product. A recovery unit 50 that recovers at least a part of the pulverized material, a combustion unit 60 that uses the flammable gas generated in the heating unit 20 as fuel, and a control unit 90 that controls the oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating unit 20. To be equipped.

The heating unit 20 may perform a heating step. The cooling unit 30 may perform a cooling step. The crushing unit 40 may perform a crushing step. The heating unit 20 is preferably an external heating type heating device. For example, an externally heated rotary kiln can be used. Further, the crushing unit 40 may be used as a vertical mill, for example, to crush the lumpy material and classify the crushed material in parallel. Therefore, the description of each step can be applied to each component of the manufacturing apparatus 100. The manufacturing apparatus 100 can stably produce a solid fuel having excellent combustibility from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

The control unit 90 supplies a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen to the heating unit 20 to adjust the atmosphere of the heating unit 20 to a low oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration lower than that of air. To do. The control unit 90 preferably supplies a gas containing water vapor to the heating unit 20. As the water vapor, the water vapor obtained by cooling the softened product in the cooling unit 30 may be used. As a result, the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere during the heating step can be easily reduced while the softened product is quickly cooled after heating. The control unit 90 may have a control valve for adjusting the gas flow rate, a calculation unit for setting a target gas flow rate, and a transmission unit for exchanging signals between the calculation unit and the control valve. When a plurality of (n) gases are individually supplied to the heating unit 20, even if the control unit 90 controls the value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire gas calculated by the above formula (1) to 16% by volume or less. Good. In this case, for example, the oxygen concentration of the entire gas can be controlled by changing the ratio of the flow rates of a plurality of types of gas. The value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire gas may be controlled to 12% by volume or less, may be controlled to 10% by volume or less, or may be controlled to 8% by volume or less.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment. The manufacturing apparatus 101 of FIG. 2 includes a gas cooling unit 62 that cools at least a part of the exhaust gas from the combustion unit 60, in addition to the configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 100 of FIG. In the gas cooling unit 62, for example, the exhaust gas may be cooled by bringing water into contact with the exhaust gas to obtain a cooled exhaust gas.

The gas (cooled exhaust gas) cooled by the gas cooling unit 62 is introduced into the heating unit 20 via the control unit 91 and the cooling unit 30. The cooling exhaust gas may be directly introduced into the heating unit 20 without passing through the cooling unit 30. The supply flow rate of the cooled exhaust gas obtained by the gas cooling unit 62 to the heating unit 20 is adjusted by the control unit 91. In addition to the function of the control unit 90 of FIG. 1, the control unit 91 may have a function of calculating the flow rate of the cooling exhaust gas supplied to the heating unit 20 and discharging the excess exhaust gas to the atmosphere.

The control unit 91 may control the oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating unit 20 by adjusting the flow rate of the cooled exhaust gas cooled by the gas cooling unit 62. Further, the mixing ratio of the cooled exhaust gas cooled by the gas cooling unit 62 and another gas different from this (for example, a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen) is adjusted. The oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating unit 20 may be controlled. The control unit 91 may be provided between the heating unit 20 and the cooling unit 30.

Other configurations of the manufacturing apparatus 101 of FIG. 2 are the same as those of the manufacturing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1, and the description of the manufacturing apparatus 100 can be applied.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a manufacturing apparatus according to still another embodiment. The manufacturing apparatus 102 of FIG. 3 is different from the manufacturing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1 in that the recovered material collected by the collecting unit 50 is recharged into the heating unit 20. As a result, the embrittlement of the carbon fibers contained in the recovered product (coarse product) further progresses, and the carbon fibers can be more easily crushed when they are introduced into the crushing unit 40 again.

In the manufacturing apparatus 102 of FIG. 3, the exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 60 is supplied to the heating unit 20 by the gas supply unit 74 (heat source introduction unit). In this way, the exhaust gas may be used as a heat source for the heating unit 20. In this case, the control unit 90 controls the flow rate and oxygen concentration of the gas supplied by the heating unit 20 in consideration of the flow rate and oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas from the gas supply unit 74. In this way, energy efficiency can be further improved.

Other configurations of the manufacturing apparatus 102 of FIG. 3 are the same as those of the manufacturing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1, and the description of the manufacturing apparatus 100 can be applied. The contents relating to the above-mentioned solid fuel manufacturing method can be applied to the manufacturing devices 100, 101, 102 of FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.

In the method for producing a solid fuel according to another embodiment, a crushing step of crushing the waste may be performed before the heating step. The crushing step may be performed by, for example, a crushing unit (not shown) provided on the upstream side of the heating unit 20 of any of the manufacturing devices 100, 101, and 102. In the crushing step, the waste may be crushed to a size of, for example, 10 to 100 mm. As the crushing part, a normal crusher can be used. By providing the crushing section, it is possible to suppress clogging or blockage of waste in the heating section 20, the cooling section 30, the crushing section 40 and the recovery section 50, and it is possible to further smoothly produce solid fuel. Become.

In the solid fuel production method according to still another embodiment, before the heating step, the waste is divided into the first waste containing the carbon fiber reinforced plastic and the volume ratio of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic to the first waste. It has a sorting step of separating it into small second waste. As a result, it is possible to perform heat treatment only on the first waste that is highly required to be embrittled, and it is possible to reduce operating costs and equipment costs. The second waste, which has a small volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic or does not contain carbon fiber reinforced plastic, may be used for another purpose, and is crushed as it is with the lump or separately from the lump without performing a combustion step. The process may be carried out as part of the solid fuel.

The manufacturing method according to the other embodiment may be performed using, for example, the manufacturing apparatus 103 of FIG. The manufacturing apparatus 103 of FIG. 4 has a sorting unit 10 for separating a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste, and a first waste. A heating unit 20 that heats waste together with auxiliary materials in a low oxygen atmosphere having a lower oxygen concentration than air to obtain a softened product, a cooling unit 30 that cools the softened material with water to obtain a lumpy substance, and a lumpy substance. A crushing unit 40 for crushing a crushed product and a crushing unit 41 for crushing a second waste are provided.

It differs from the manufacturing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1 in that it includes a sorting unit 10, a crushing unit 41, and does not include a collecting unit 50, a combustion unit 60, and a control unit 90. In the sorting unit 10, the above-mentioned sorting step may be performed. Since other configurations are the same as those of the manufacturing apparatus 100 of FIG. 1, the description of the manufacturing apparatus 100 can be applied. That is, the heating unit 20 may perform a heating step. The cooling unit 30 may perform a cooling step. The crushing unit 40 may perform a crushing step. The manufacturing apparatus 103 can stably produce a solid fuel having excellent combustibility from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a heating unit used in the heating step. The external heating type rotary kiln 21 shown in FIG. 5 is provided on an inner cylinder portion 71 rotatably supported by a support portion (not shown) and an outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder portion 71, and heats the inner cylinder portion 71. It has an external heating furnace 72 that serves as a gas flow path, and an inlet side hood 77 and an outlet side hopper 78 that are provided at both ends of the inner cylinder portion 71, respectively. The inner cylinder portion 71 is rotatably supported around the central axis of the external heating furnace 72, the inlet side hood 77, and the outlet side hopper 78.

A hopper 22 for supplying the waste 150 is connected to the inlet side hood 77. The inner cylinder portion 71 is installed in a state of being slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal plane so that the outlet side (right side in FIG. 5) is lower than the inlet side (left side in FIG. 5). The waste 150 supplied from the hopper 22 to the inside of the inner cylinder portion 71 moves from the inlet side to the outlet side while being agitated as the inner cylinder portion 71 rotates. At this time, for example, since heating gas at 200 to 500 ° C. is continuously supplied to the external heating furnace 72 from the gas supply unit 74, at least a part of the waste 150 is generated by the heat from the inner cylinder portion 71. Melts in.

Auxiliary raw materials such as a fusion inhibitor are supplied (not shown) in order to prevent the softened material containing the melt from fusing to the inner wall of the inner cylinder portion 71 and to prevent the softened materials from fusing together and forming a large mass. It may be supplied from the mouth into the inner cylinder portion 71. The softened product generated by heating for a predetermined time is discharged from the discharge portion 79 provided in the lower part of the outlet side hopper 78. The softened product discharged from the discharge unit 79 is introduced into the cooling unit and cooled to form a lump.

The heating gas that has passed through the external heating furnace 72 is discharged from the gas discharge unit 76. As the heating gas, for example, exhaust gas from a boiler or a firing furnace may be used. The gas discharged from the gas discharge unit 76 may be released to the atmosphere, or may be heated again and used for circulation.

The heating of the waste in the inner cylinder 71 decomposes the plastic to generate gas. Since such a gas contains a large amount of flammable components, it can be used as a flammable gas. For example, it may be used as fuel for the combustion unit 60 of the boiler or the like shown in FIG. The flammable gas can be recovered from, for example, a lead-out unit 80 provided in the upper part of the outlet side hopper 78.

The exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 60 may be used as a heat source for the heating unit 20. For example, the exhaust gas is supplied to the external heating furnace 72 from the gas supply unit 74 of FIG. 5 as a heating gas. The positions and numbers of the lead-out unit 80 and the introduction units 82 and 84 are not limited to those shown in the figure.

The exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 60 may be introduced into a low oxygen atmosphere in the heating step. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 60 is supplied to the gas cooling unit 62. The gas cooling unit 62 cools the exhaust gas with water. The cooling exhaust gas containing water vapor generated in the gas cooling unit 62 is introduced from the introduction units 82 and 84 of the rotary kiln 21 of FIG. By introducing water vapor in this way, the oxygen concentration in the inner cylinder portion 71 can be maintained low even if the pressure inside the inner cylinder portion 71 is lower than the atmospheric pressure. The positions and numbers of the lead-out unit 80 and the introduction units 82 and 84 are not limited to those shown in the figure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a sorting unit used in the sorting step. The sorting unit 10A of FIG. 6 includes an image acquisition unit 110 that acquires an image of the waste 150, and a second waste that has a smaller volume ratio of carbon fibers than the first waste 151 and the first waste 151 that contain carbon fibers. A detection unit 120 that detects at least one of the objects 152 is provided.

The waste 150 is supplied onto the conveyor 136 (on the left side of FIG. 6). The waste 150 supplied onto the conveyor 136 is conveyed by the conveyor 136 from left to right in FIG.

The image acquisition unit 110 includes a camera that captures a still image or a moving image of the waste 150. The image signal captured by the camera is input to the detection unit 120. The detection unit 120 detects information (pattern, shape, color, etc.) derived from carbon fibers in the image after performing image processing as necessary. Image information derived from carbon fibers includes a mesh pattern derived from fibers, a fluffy shape and a fluffy shape, and black or a color close to black. Of these image information, it is preferable to detect the pattern and shape from the viewpoint of improving the detection accuracy. Waste containing a pattern, shape or color derived from carbon fibers is detected as the first waste 151.

The position information of the waste is also input to the detection unit 120 from the image acquisition unit 110. The position information of the first waste 151 is input from the detection unit 120 to the control unit 131 that controls the robot arm 134. The control unit 131 controls the robot arm 134 based on the position information of the first waste 151 from the detection unit 120. The robot arm 134 grips the first waste 151 and lifts it from the conveyor 136. In this way, the robot arm 134 takes out the first waste 151 from the waste 150. The robot arm 134 moves to the right together with the control unit 131 along a guide unit (not shown) in FIG. 6, and releases the first waste 151 above the first storage unit 161. As a result, the first waste 151 is stored in the first storage unit 161.

On the other hand, the waste for which the information derived from the carbon fiber is not detected by the detection unit 120 is conveyed by the conveyor 136 and is stored in the second storage unit 162 installed on the downstream side of the conveyor 136. In this way, the waste 150 is separated into a first waste 151 and a second waste 152.

The second waste 152 may contain carbon fibers. Comparing the entire first waste 151 contained in the first storage unit 161 with the entire second waste 152 contained in the second storage unit 162, the entire first waste 151 is the second waste. If the volume ratio of the carbon fibers is larger than that of the entire product 152, the sorting unit 10A contributes to the smooth treatment of the waste containing the carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

The detection unit 120 may detect the first waste 151 based on any one of the patterns, shapes, and colors of the information derived from the carbon fibers, or two of these information. It may be performed based on a combination, or may be performed based on a combination of these three pieces of information.

In the modified example, the waste may be classified into two types or three or more types according to the size of the pattern, shape or color derived from the carbon fiber, or the ratio thereof. In this case, for example, the first waste 151 having the largest proportion of patterns, shapes or colors derived from carbon fibers, the second waste 152 having the smallest proportion of patterns, shapes or colors derived from carbon fibers, and carbon. It may be separated into a third waste in which the ratio of the pattern, shape or color derived from the fiber is between the first waste 151 and the second waste 152. In this case, only the first waste 151 may be supplied to the heating unit, or only the third waste may be supplied to the heating unit. At this time, the first waste 151 having the highest volume ratio of carbon fibers may be supplied to a recycling facility for recycling carbon fibers.

In yet another modification, the second waste 152 may be gripped by the robot arm 134 and taken out from the waste 150 arranged on the conveyor 136. In this case, the carbon fiber-containing first waste 151, which is not taken out by the robot arm 134, falls and is stored in the storage portion installed on the downstream side of the conveyor 136. In this way, the robot arm 134 may separate the first waste 151 from the waste 150 by taking out the second waste 152 from the waste 150.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another example of the sorting unit used in the sorting step. The sorting unit 10B in FIG. 7 sorts the waste 150 containing the carbon fiber reinforced plastic according to the difference in electrostatic force due to its chargeability. The sorting unit 10B has a charging unit 111 that charges the waste 150 containing the carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and the waste 150 by changing the fall trajectory of the waste by electrostatic force, the first waste 151 and the second waste 152. Sort into.

The waste 150 containing the carbon fiber reinforced plastic is charged at the charging unit 111. The polarity of charging is not particularly limited. Examples of the charging unit 111 include those provided with an electric field generator. The waste 150 is charged by passing the waste 150 through the electric field generated by the electric field generator. The electrical resistivity of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic contained in the waste 150 is, for example, 1 × 10 ^-1 [Ω · m] or less. In contrast, the electrical resistivity of the waste made of an insulator such as a plastic that does not contain carbon fiber is ^{1 × 10 6 [Ω · m} ] or more. As described above, since the electrical resistivity of the waste differs greatly depending on the contained component, when the waste 150 passes through the electric field, the chargeability differs depending on the contained component.

A known electric field generator can be used for the charged portion 111. For example, a device provided with a needle-shaped electrode to which a high voltage is applied and a conductor and forms a corona discharge field between the two is provided. Can be mentioned. The charging unit 111 is not limited to the one provided with the electric field generator, and may be provided with a friction generator such as a rotating drum or a vibrator. In this case, static electricity can be generated and charged by the friction generated by moving the waste in a rotating drum or a vibrator. Even with such a method, the chargeability of waste differs depending on the components contained therein. From the viewpoint of sufficiently charging the waste, it is preferable that the inner wall of the friction generator is made of an insulator.

The charged waste 150 is supplied onto the conveyor 136 (left side of FIG. 7). The waste 150 supplied onto the conveyor 136 is conveyed by the conveyor 136 toward the charging drum 132 of the sorting unit 10B in FIG. The conveyor 136 is arranged below the charging drum 132. As a result, the waste 150 is supplied to the lower side of the rotating surface of the charging drum 132. By supplying the waste 150 to the lower side of the rotating surface in this way, the waste 150 can be separated even if the rotating surface and the waste 150 do not come into direct contact with each other.

The rotating surface of the charging drum 132 is charged to the opposite electrode to the waste. When the waste 150 reaches below the charging drum 132 by the conveyor 136, the second waste 152 is charged to the opposite pole to the rotating surface of the charging drum 132, and the second waste 152 having a large potential difference from the rotating surface is subjected to electrostatic attraction. Adheres to the rotating surface. After that, it rotates together with the rotating surface of the charging drum 132, is peeled off from the rotating surface by the scraper 133 provided along the rotating surface, falls, and is accommodated in the second accommodating portion 162. The scraper 133 may be, for example, a scraping brush or the like.

On the other hand, the uncharged first waste 151 or the first waste 151, which is charged at the opposite electrode to the rotating surface of the charged drum 132 but has a smaller potential difference from the rotating surface than the second waste 152, is Since the gravity is larger than the electrostatic attraction between the rotating surface of the charging drum 132 and the first waste 151, it falls without adhering to the rotating surface of the charging drum 132 and is housed in the first accommodating portion 161. As described above, the first waste 151 and the second waste 152 contained in the waste 150 are the first waste 151 and the second waste 151 according to their respective chargeability (potential difference with the rotating surface of the charging drum 132). The waste 152 is separated and stored in separate storage units. In this way, the waste 150 is separated into a first waste 151 and a second waste 152. A ground may be connected to the first accommodating portion 161 and the second accommodating portion 162 so that the first waste 151 and the second waste 152 contained therein are electrically neutral.

Since carbon fiber reinforced plastic is less likely to be charged than waste made of insulators such as paper scraps and resin, it tends to be recovered as the first waste 151. On the other hand, the waste made of an insulator is more easily charged than the waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and therefore tends to be collected as the second waste 152. That is, since the first waste 151 containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic has higher conductivity than the second waste 152 containing plastic, rubber, paper scraps, etc., the waste 150 containing such a waste component is used. When separated, the carbon fiber content of the first waste 151 is higher than that of the second waste 152.

However, the second waste 152 may contain carbon fibers. Comparing the entire first waste 151 contained in the first storage unit 161 with the entire second waste 152 contained in the second storage unit 162, the entire first waste 151 is the second waste. If the carbon fiber content is higher than that of the entire product 152, the sorting unit 10B contributes to the smooth treatment of the waste containing the carbon fiber.

The sorting units 10A and 10B can reduce the amount of waste to be treated in the heating unit by separating the waste 150. That is, it becomes possible to perform an appropriate treatment according to the content of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic. The waste that is not introduced into the heating unit may be treated by, for example, an acid treatment unit that dissolves the resin component contained in the waste with an acid.

The solid fuel obtained by the above-mentioned production method or the above-mentioned production apparatus may be used as a raw material fuel for cement, or may be used as a fuel for a kiln or a calciner of a cement production facility. As a result, the fuel cost of the cement manufacturing facility can be reduced.

Although some embodiments have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, the contents according to each embodiment of the solid fuel production method may be combined. The elements of each manufacturing apparatus 100, 101 or 102 may be added to the manufacturing apparatus 103, or the elements of the manufacturing apparatus 103 may be added to the manufacturing apparatus 100, 101 or 102. Further, for example, the second waste containing no carbon fiber reinforced plastic or the second waste having a smaller volume ratio of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste separated by the sorting section is crushed more than the first waste. May be easily crushed together with the lumps in the crushing step without performing the heating step. That is, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 4, the second waste may be introduced into the crushing section 40 by bypassing the heating section 20 and the cooling section 30.

In addition, instead of the first waste, the second waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic may be subjected to the heating step. In this case, the first waste having a larger volume ratio of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the second waste may be separated into a carbon fiber rich component and a plastic rich component by a carbon fiber separating section having an acid treatment section or the like. The carbon fiber may be regenerated by using the carbon fiber rich component.

Further, for example, a crushing portion may be provided on the upstream side of the sorting portion 10 in FIG. 4 and / or between the sorting portion 10 and the heating portion 20. By crushing the carbon fiber reinforced plastic into a small size, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of problems such as blockage and catching.

The sorting unit is not limited to the above-mentioned example, and may be, for example, one that separates by the difference in specific gravity, or one that separates according to the conductivity.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a solid fuel production method capable of stably producing a solid fuel having excellent combustibility from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and a solid fuel production apparatus. it can. Further, it is possible to provide a method of using a solid fuel, which is stably produced from waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and uses a solid fuel having excellent combustibility.

10, 10A, 10B ... Separation section, 20 ... Heating section, 21 ... Rotary kiln, 22 ... Hopper, 30 ... Cooling section, 40 ... Crushing section, 41 ... Crushing section, 50 ... Recovery section, 60 ... Combustion section, 62 ... Gas Cooling section, 71 ... Inner cylinder section, 72 ... External heating furnace, 74 ... Gas supply section, 76 ... Gas discharge section, 77 ... Inlet side hood, 78 ... Outlet side hopper, 79 ... Discharge section, 80 ... Derivation section, 82 , 84 ... Introduction unit, 90, 91 ... Control unit, 100, 101 ... Manufacturing equipment, 110 ... Image acquisition unit, 111 ... Charging unit, 120 ... Detection unit, 131 ... Control unit, 132 ... Charging drum, 133 ... Scraper, 134 ... Robot arm, 136 ... Conveyor, 150 ... Waste, 151 ... First waste, 152 ... Second waste, 161 ... First storage unit, 162 ... Second storage unit.

Claims (26)

Waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic is heated and softened in a hypoxic atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. And the heating process to get
A method for producing a solid fuel, which comprises a pulverization step of pulverizing a lump material obtained from the softened product to obtain a pulverized product. The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 1, further comprising a control step for controlling the oxygen concentration of the gas. In the heating step, 1 to n kinds of gases (n: 1 or more integers) are individually supplied.
The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 2, wherein the control step controls the value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire gas calculated by the following formula (1) to 16% by volume or less.

(In the above formula (1), _C x is the dry oxygen concentration of the individually supplied gas X, V _D x is the dry volume flow rate of the individually supplied gas X, and V _W x is the individually supplied gas. Each shows the wet volume flow rate of X. X is an integer of 1 to n assigned to each gas.) The method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere is 16% by volume or less. The method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere is adjusted by the amount of the water vapor. The method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the heating step, the granular or powdery auxiliary raw material is heated together with the waste. The method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a recovery step of classifying the crushed product and recovering at least a part of the crushed product according to the size of the crushed product. The method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the heating step heats the waste in a temperature range of 200 to 500 ° C. for a time exceeding 2 hours. The method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a crushing step of crushing the waste before the heating step. The method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a combustion step of recovering and burning the flammable gas generated in the heating step. The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 10, wherein the exhaust gas generated in the combustion step is used as a heat source in the heating step. The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the cooled exhaust gas obtained by contacting the exhaust gas generated in the combustion step with water and cooling the exhaust gas is supplied as the gas. Prior to the heating step, a sorting step of separating the waste into a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste is performed. Have more
The method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein in the heating step, either one of the first waste and the second waste is heated. Waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic is heated and softened in a hypoxic atmosphere with a lower oxygen concentration than air by supplying a gas containing at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. And the heating part to get
An apparatus for producing a solid fuel, comprising a crushing unit for crushing a lump obtained from the softened product to obtain a pulverized product. The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising a control unit for controlling the oxygen concentration of the gas supplied to the heating unit. 1 to n types (n: 1 or more integers) of gas are individually supplied to the heating unit.
The solid fuel production apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the control unit controls the value Y of the oxygen concentration of the entire gas calculated by the following formula (1) to 16% by volume or less.

(In the above formula (1), _C x is the dry oxygen concentration of the individually supplied gas X, V _D x is the dry volume flow rate of the individually supplied gas X, and V _W x is the individually supplied gas. Each shows the wet volume flow rate of X. X is an integer of 1 to n assigned to each gas.) The solid fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the oxygen concentration in the low oxygen atmosphere in the heating unit is 16% by volume or less. The solid fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the heating unit is configured to heat a granular or powdery auxiliary material together with waste. The solid fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 18, further comprising a recovery unit for classifying the pulverized product and recovering at least a part of the pulverized product according to the size of the pulverized product. The solid fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 19, further comprising a crushing portion for crushing the waste before heating. The solid fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the heating unit heats the waste in a temperature range of 200 to 500 ° C. for a time exceeding 2 hours. The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 21, further comprising a combustion unit for burning the flammable gas generated in the heating unit. The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 22, further comprising a heat source introduction unit that introduces the exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit as a heat source of the heating unit. A gas cooling unit that cools the exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit by contacting it with water.
The solid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 22 or 23, comprising an introduction unit that introduces the cooled exhaust gas cooled by the gas cooling unit into the heating unit as the gas. It is provided with a sorting unit for separating the waste into a first waste containing carbon fiber reinforced plastic and a second waste having a smaller volume ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic than the first waste.
The solid fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the heating unit heats either the first waste or the second waste. A method for using a solid fuel, which comprises a step of burning the solid fuel obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 13 in a kiln or a calcining furnace of a cement manufacturing facility.

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