JP7424968B2 - 細胞におけるrna発現を増強する方法 - Google Patents
細胞におけるrna発現を増強する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
MQSRAVILKHRSGSGHKRSLPRFYIDCDLDTFDFEKGCSLIENEFPIYINNYEVVYKSKPTLSHFLIEKEFPAVLGPGMISAVRTRLYEPTMRELYQESIHQLKRNNKKYLLSALRWPTGIPTLEFIDYYFEELLFLSEFDPGSIQRYLKLLVKASGLYNSTIEEQLVEIHRRVLIEGKKHGLTAFDLPGNDILGDICVVQAARVTRLVAKTFSKMTRDTHLMIYFSISPVELVLNKLDKKEDKRAKAKGLMSMCAARSYDYFMRTDLGFRETALSTFWAKDWPTLQETILSDKRCLKEDMRVTKWLPSPPHYPPL(配列番号:1)。
上式中、R1は、置換されていてもよいアルキル、置換されていてもよいアルケニル、置換されていてもよいアルキニル、置換されていてもよいシクロアルキル、置換されていてもよいヘテロシクリル、置換されていてもよいアリール、及び置換されていてもよいヘテロアリールからなる群から選択され、
R2及びR3は、H、ハロ、OH、及び置換されていてもよいアルコキシからなる群から独立して選択されるか、又はR2及びR3は一緒になってO-X-Oを形成し、Xは置換されていてもよいCH2、CH2CH2、CH2CH2CH2、CH2CH(CH3)、及びC(CH3)2からなる群から選択され、又はR2は、R2が結合している環の4’位の水素原子と組み合わされて-O-CH2-又は-CH2-O-を形成し、
R5は、S、Se、及びBH3からなる群から選択され、
R4及びR6は、O、S、Se、及びBH3からなる群から独立して選択され、
nは1、2、又は3である。
(1)5’-UTR、
(2)オープンリーディングフレーム、及び
(3)3’-UTR
を含む。
人工多能性幹(iPS)細胞の生成は、ヒト胚性幹(hES)細胞の使用に付随する倫理的懸念から幹細胞研究を解放する大きな可能性を秘めている。多能性が内因性多能性ネットワークによって維持されるまで、外因性多能性関連転写因子(TF)を連続発現させることが、体細胞のリプログラミングを達成するための鍵である。iPS技術の臨床翻訳に関しては、標的細胞ゲノムへのゲノム統合のリスクを回避することが重要である。従って、合成mRNAは厳密に一過性であり、複合RNA混合物は体細胞に容易にトランスフェクトされうるため、合成mRNAがおそらく最も適切なベクターである。それにもかかわらず、合成mRNAは、細胞RNAとは異なる特定の分子パターンを区別できる細胞受容体によって認識される。これは、細胞の防御機構につながり、アポトーシス、細胞骨格再編成、RNA分解、及び細胞の成功裡のリプログラミングを妨げる翻訳の停止をもたらす。我々は、ウイルスエスケープタンパク質E3、K3及びB18R(EKB)を使用して細胞のIFN応答を打ち消す、非修飾RNAベースのリプログラミングアプローチを確立することができ、ヒト線維芽細胞と血液成長内皮前駆細胞(EPC)のリプログラミングを成功させることができた(Hum Gene Ther. 2015 Nov;26(11):751-66)。トスカーナウイルス由来のウイルスエスケープタンパク質NSsは、IFN応答の強力な阻害剤であることが示された。ここでは、我々は、ヒト線維芽細胞のIFN応答に対するNSsの効果を調査する。最初のステップにおいて、レポーター発現(GFP)、IFN応答遺伝子(OAS1/IFNβ)の減少及び毎日のリポフェクション後の細胞生存に対するNSsの効果を、究極の基準EKBと比較して分析した。
実施例1に示されるように、NSsは、ヒト線維芽細胞における合成mRNAに対するIFN応答の阻害においてEKBを置き換えることができる。前述のように、我々は、ウイルスエスケープタンパク質E3、K3及びB18R(EKB)を使用して細胞のIFN応答を打ち消し、ヒト線維芽細胞と血液成長内皮前駆細胞(EPC)をヒト人工多能性幹(iPS)細胞に成功裡にリプログラミングすることを可能にするRNAベースのリプログラミングアプローチを以前に開発した(Hum Gene Ther. 2015 Nov;26(11):751-66)。ここでは、我々は、NSsのみがRNAに基づくヒト線維芽細胞のリプログラミングを促進できるかどうかを調査する。
ヒト包皮線維芽細胞を6ウェルプレートに播種し、翌日トランスフェクトした。この目的のために、自己複製RNA(ウイルス起源セムリキ森林ウイルス)をコードする2.5μgのGFP、又は1.25μgの自己複製RNAを、ワクシニアウイルスE3又はトスカーナウイルスNSsの何れかをコードする1.25μgのmRNAと共にMessengerMaxと複合化し、細胞に加えた。トランスフェクションの17時間後に細胞を収集し、qPCR(IFNβ及びOAS1のアップレギュレーション)によるインターフェロン応答、及び全PKR及び自己リン酸化PKR(p-PKR)に対する免疫ブロットによるPKR分解及び活性化を決定するために使用した。NSsは、E3よりもIFN応答のより顕著な減少をもたらした(図3A)。NSsの過剰発現は、未トランスフェクト(untr.)細胞、レプリコンのみ、又はレプリコン+E3でトランスフェクトされた細胞と比較して、PKR発現を減少させた。しかし、残留PKRの活性化を妨げない(図3B)。図3Cは、PKRブロットのバンド強度のデンシトメトリー定量化を示している。
ヒト包皮線維芽細胞を6ウェルプレートに播種し、翌日トランスフェクトした。この目的のために、自己複製RNA(ウイルス起源ベネズエラウマ脳炎ウイルス)をコードするGFP1.1μgと、赤外蛍光タンパク質(iRFP)又はワクシニアウイルスE3又はトスカーナウイルスNSsの何れかをコードするmRNA1.4μgをMessengerMaxと複合化し、細胞に添加した。24時間後、細胞を回収して、フローサイトメトリーによるトランスフェクション率とqPCRによるインターフェロン応答(IFNb及びOAS1のアップレギュレーション)を決定した。フローサイトメトリー分析では、E3とNSsの共トランスフェクション時のトランスフェクション率の増加が示されている(untr.=非トランスフェクション細胞)(図4A、B)。NSsの共転移は、E3の共転移よりもIFN応答のより顕著な減少をもたらした(図4C)。
ヒト包皮線維芽細胞に、VEEVレプリカーゼをコードする1.4μgのmRNA、GFPをコードする0.3μgのトランス複製RNA、及びルシフェラーゼをコードする0.3μgのトランス複製RNAをエレクトロポレーションした。インターフェロン応答を阻害するために、サンプルに2μgのNSs mRNA、E3 mRNA、又はE3及びB18 mRNA(各1μg)を補充した。24時間後、細胞を回収して、フローサイトメトリーによりGFP発現(図5A)を、qPCRによりインターフェロン応答(IFNb及びOAS1のアップレギュレーション)(図5B)を分析した。更に、ルシフェラーゼ発現を、図5Cに示された時点で5日間測定した。
休止末梢CD8陽性ヒトT細胞に、VEEVレプリカーゼをコードする5μgのmRNAとルシフェラーゼをコードする5μgのトランス複製RNAをエレクトロポレーションした。インターフェロン応答を阻害するために、サンプルに5μgのNSs mRNA又はE3 mRNAを補充した。ルシフェラーゼ発現を、図6Aに示された時点で評価した。
(A)ヒト末梢未熟樹状細胞を、1ウェル当たり25ngの全RNAを含む96ウェルプレートでMessengerMax(Invitrogen)でリポフェクションした。ルシフェラーゼをコードする3ngのトランス複製RNAを、VEEVレプリカーゼ(+Rep)をコードする12ngのmRNAと、示されているGFP(+GFP)又は阻害剤NSs(+NS)をコードする10ngのmRNAで、又はそれらなしに、共トランスフェクトした。示された時点でルシフェラーゼ発現を評価した(BrightGlo Assay;Promega)。(B)トランスフェクト細胞の生存率をまた評価し(CellTiterGloアッセイ;Promega)、非トランスフェクト細胞の生存率に対してプロットした。(C,D)並行して、ルシフェラーゼをコードする10ngのVEEV-レプリコンと、GFP又はNSsの何れかを細胞にまたトランスフェクトした。ルシフェラーゼ発現(C)及び生存率(D)は、リポフェクション後72時間追跡した。
樹状細胞では、NSsは自己複製及びトランス複製RNAの発現を延長し、細胞死を阻害する。
Claims (44)
- 細胞においてペプチド又はタンパク質を発現させるためのインビトロでの方法であって、(i)ペプチド又はタンパク質をコードするRNAを細胞に導入する工程と、
(ii)トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質を細胞に提供する工程と
を含む、方法。 - RNAが細胞に繰り返し導入される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- RNAが、エレクトロポレーション又はリポフェクションによって細胞に導入される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- RNAがインビトロ転写されたRNAである、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質を細胞に提供することが、トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質をコードするRNAを細胞に導入することを含む、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- ワクシニアウイルスB18R及び/又はワクシニアウイルスE3を細胞に提供することを更に含む、請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- ワクシニアウイルスB18R及び/又はワクシニアウイルスE3を細胞に提供することが、ワクシニアウイルスB18RをコードするRNA及び/又はワクシニアウイルスE3をコードするRNAを細胞に導入することを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質を細胞に提供することが、細胞におけるRNAの安定性及び/又は発現を増強する、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞におけるRNAの発現の増強が、細胞におけるRNAの発現レベルの増加及び/又は発現の持続時間の増加を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質を細胞に提供することが、細胞生存率を高める、請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞がバリア機能を有する細胞である、請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞が線維芽細胞、ケラチノサイト、上皮細胞、又は内皮細胞である、請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞がT細胞又は抗原提示細胞である、請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞がヒト細胞である、請求項1から13の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 幹細胞特性を有する細胞を提供するためのインビトロでの方法であって、
(i)体細胞を含む細胞集団を提供する工程、
(ii)トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質を体細胞に提供する工程、
(iii)一又は複数のリプログラミング因子をコードするRNAを体細胞に導入する工程、及び
(iv)幹細胞特性を有する細胞の発生を可能にする工程
を含む、方法。 - トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質を体細胞に提供することが、トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質をコードするRNAを細胞に導入することを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 幹細胞特性を有する細胞への体細胞のリプログラミングを増強するmiRNAを体細胞に導入することを更に含む、請求項15又は16に記載の方法。
- 一又は複数のリプログラミング因子がOCT4及びSOX2を含む、請求項15から17の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 一又は複数のリプログラミング因子が、KLF4及び/又はc-MYCを更に含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 一又は複数のリプログラミング因子が、NANOG及び/又はLIN28を更に含む、請求項18又は19に記載の方法。
- 一又は複数のリプログラミング因子が、OCT4、SOX2、KLF4及びc-MYCを含む、請求項15から19の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 一又は複数のリプログラミング因子が、LIN28を更に含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 一又は複数のリプログラミング因子は、NANOGを更に含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 一又は複数のリプログラミング因子が、OCT4、SOX2、NANOG及びLIN28を含む、請求項15から18の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一種のヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤の存在下で体細胞を培養する工程を更に含む、請求項15から24の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一種のヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤がバルプロ酸を含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 幹細胞特性を有する細胞の発生を可能にする工程が、胚性幹細胞培養条件下で体細胞を培養することを含む、請求項15から26の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 幹細胞特性が胚性幹細胞形態を含む、請求項15から27の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 幹細胞特性を有する細胞が、正常な核型を有し、テロメラーゼ活性を発現し、胚性幹細胞に特徴的な細胞表面マーカーを発現し、及び/又は胚性幹細胞に特徴的な遺伝子を発現する、請求項15から28の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 幹細胞特性を有する細胞が多能性状態を示す、請求項15から29の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 幹細胞の特徴を有する細胞が、三つ全ての一次胚葉の高度な派生物に分化する発生能を有する、請求項15から30の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 体細胞が、線維芽細胞、ケラチノサイト及び内皮前駆細胞からなる群から選択される、請求項15から31の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 線維芽細胞が肺線維芽細胞、包皮線維芽細胞又は皮膚繊維芽細胞である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 体細胞がヒト細胞である、請求項15から33の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 分化した細胞型を提供するための方法であって、(i)請求項15から34の何れか一項に記載の方法を使用して、幹細胞特性を有する細胞を提供する工程と、(ii)分化した細胞型への部分的又は完全な分化を誘導し又は方向付ける条件下で幹細胞特性を有する細胞を培養する工程を含む、方法。
- (i)ペプチド又はタンパク質をコードするRNA及び
(ii)トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質を細胞に提供するための剤
を含む、細胞においてペプチド又はタンパク質を発現させるための組成物であって、
前記トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質を細胞に提供するための剤は、トスカーナウイルスNSsタンパク質をコードするRNAを含む、
組成物。 - RNAは、インビトロ転写されたRNAである、請求項36に記載の組成物。
- ワクシニアウイルスB18R及び/又はワクシニアウイルスE3を提供するための剤をさらに含み、
ワクシニアウイルスB18R及び/又はワクシニアウイルスE3を細胞に提供するための剤は、ワクシニアウイルスB18RをコードするRNA及び/又はワクシニアウイルスE3をコードするRNAを含む、請求項36に記載の組成物。 - 細胞がバリア機能を有する細胞である、請求項36から38の何れか一項に記載の組成物。
- 細胞が、線維芽細胞、ケラチノサイト、上皮細胞、又は内皮細胞である、請求項36から38の何れか一項に記載の組成物。
- 細胞がT細胞又は抗原提示細胞である、請求項36から38の何れか一項に記載の組成物。
- 細胞がヒト細胞である、請求項36から38の何れか一項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項36から42の何れか一項に記載の組成物を含む、キット。
- 医薬の製造における、請求項36から42の何れか一項に記載の組成物の使用。
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