JP7411070B2 - コンクリート要素およびその生産方法 - Google Patents
コンクリート要素およびその生産方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7411070B2 JP7411070B2 JP2022516409A JP2022516409A JP7411070B2 JP 7411070 B2 JP7411070 B2 JP 7411070B2 JP 2022516409 A JP2022516409 A JP 2022516409A JP 2022516409 A JP2022516409 A JP 2022516409A JP 7411070 B2 JP7411070 B2 JP 7411070B2
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- concrete
- concrete element
- binder
- Prior art date
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 181
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 150
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021486 amorphous silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 alkali metal aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004572 hydraulic lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical class Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium monoxide Inorganic materials [K]O[K] NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
- B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
- B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/008—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material made from two or more materials having different characteristics or properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/08—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
- B28B11/0818—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads for roughening, profiling, corrugating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/047—Zeolites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
- C04B14/062—Microsilica, e.g. colloïdal silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
- C04B14/064—Silica aerogel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
- C04B14/066—Precipitated or pyrogenic silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/08—Diatomaceous earth
-
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Description
a.
i.顆粒状材料、
ii.任意の顔料、
iii.任意のフィラー、
iv.水、
v.潜在水硬性結合材および/またはポゾラン結合材、ならびに
vi.アルカリ性硬化剤
を成分として含む組成物を調製するステップ、
b.組成物を混合して混合物を得るステップ、
c.混合物をコアコンクリート層の上の少なくとも一つの型に充填するステップ、または混合物を少なくとも一つの型に充填し、続いてその上にコアコンクリート層を充填するステップ、
d.混合物を圧縮して少なくとも一つのグリーンコンクリート要素を得るステップ
を含む、本発明によるコンクリート要素を生産するための方法も提供する。
結合材混合物:潜在水硬性結合材およびポゾラン結合材を主に含む。
顆粒状材料:2mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が72.5重量%、0.25mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が7.5重量%の骨材。
フィラー:0.025mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が97重量%、0.015mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が63重量%の石粉、フライアッシュおよび/または粉砕スラグ砂の混合物。
アルカリ性硬化剤:75%シリカ。
顔料:金属酸化物顔料。
添加剤:凝結遅延剤/凝結促進剤。
粒状材料:80重量%の平均粒径0.7mmの小さな骨材および20重量%の無機結合材を含む。
61重量%の顆粒状材料、1.1重量%の顔料、6.8重量%のフィラー、4.4重量%の水、22.3重量%の結合材混合物、4.36重量%のアルカリ性硬化剤、および0.04重量%の添加剤を混合容器に連続して加えて組成物を得、上記のデータは組成物の総重量に関するものであった。次に、組成物を混合容器内で混合して混合物を得た。このようにして得られた混合物を、生コンクリートが既に存在するモールディングボードの形でフェイスコンクリート層として注いだ。フェイスコンクリート層は基本色であった。次に、混合物を型内で突き固めによって圧縮し、それによってグリーンコンクリート要素を得た。型を除去したときの観察に基づけば、グリーンコンクリート要素は分裂しなかった。型からの除去後、グリーンコンクリート要素の接着引張強度は1.5MPa超であった(試験材齢56日)。硬化した後、得られたコンクリート要素は視覚的に魅力的であった。コンクリート要素は、6か月間の期間を経て装飾性に識別可能な減退または他の劣化は一切見られなかった。
67重量%の顆粒状材料、1.1重量%の顔料、4.4重量%の水、23.1重量%の結合材混合物、4.36重量%のアルカリ性硬化剤、および0.04重量%の添加剤を混合容器に連続して加えて組成物を得、上記の情報は組成物の総重量に基づいた。次に、組成物を混合容器内で混合して混合物を得た。このようにして得られた混合物を、生コンクリートが既に存在するモールディングボードの形でフェイスコンクリート層として注いだ。フェイスコンクリート層は基本色であった。次に、混合物を型内で突き固めによって圧縮し、それによってグリーンコンクリート要素を得た。型を除去したときの観察に基づけば、グリーンコンクリート要素は分裂しなかった。型からの除去後、コンクリート要素の接着引張強度は1MPa超であった(試験材齢56日)。硬化した後、得られたコンクリート要素は視覚的に魅力的であった。コンクリート要素は、6か月間の期間を経て装飾性に識別可能な減退または他の劣化は一切見られなかった。
実施例3は実施例1と同一であるが、突き固めステップの前に遠心ディスクを用いて粒状材料がフェイスコンクリート層に加えられた点が異なる。遠心ディスクの平面は、モールディングボードの表面に対して少し離れてほぼ平行に向けられた。アプリケーションデバイスは、型内の全てのフェイスコンクリート層に必要に応じて到達できるようにモールドボードを横断して移動することができた。粒状材料が充填された漏斗を遠心ディスクの上方に置いた。下側漏斗開口部に設けられた開閉デバイスによって、粒状材料の任意の部分を遠心ディスク上に導くことができた。基本的に、異なる用量の異なる粒状材料をフェイスコンクリート層の表面上に投じることができるように、異なる粒状材料を含むいくつかの漏斗を遠心ディスクの上方に設けることができる。遠心ディスクの速度およびモールディングボードに対するその高さも、型に沿った移動速度と同様に、投下運動中であっても必要に応じて調整および変動されうる。型を除去したときの観察に基づけば、グリーンコンクリート要素は分裂しなかった。型からの除去後、グリーンコンクリート要素の接着引張強度は1.5MPa超であった。硬化した後、斑点模様の表面の視覚的に魅力的なコンクリート要素が得られた。コンクリート要素は、6か月間の期間を経て装飾性に識別可能な減退または他の劣化は一切見られなかった。
実施例4は実施例1と同一であるが、顆粒状材料は2.0mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が100%であり、0.25mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が31.5%である点が異なる。
次に、組成物を混合容器内で混合して混合物を得た。このようにして得られた混合物を、生コンクリートが既に存在するモールディングボードの形でフェイスコンクリート層として注いだ。フェイスコンクリート層は基本色であった。次に、混合物を型内で突き固めによって圧縮し、それによってグリーンコンクリート要素を得た。しかし、型を除去するとコンクリート要素の表面および/または表層の一部が剥がれ落ち、その結果損傷した表面が生じた。これらのコンクリート要素は使用できなくなった。コンクリート要素の損傷していない部分での接着引張強度の特定により、コンクリート要素の接着引張強度が1MPaよりかなり低いことが示された。
実施例5は実施例1と同一であるが、添加剤(凝結促進剤/凝結遅延剤)を使用しなかった点が異なる。
次に、組成物を混合容器内で混合して混合物を得た。このようにして得られた混合物は、ポットライフ、すなわち混合物を混合容器から型にまだ充填できる期間が非常に短かった。
63.5重量%の顆粒状材料、1.1重量%の顔料、4.01重量%の水、27.2重量%の結合材混合物、4.15重量%のアルカリ性硬化剤および0.04重量%の添加剤を混合容器に連続して加えて組成物を得、上記の情報は組成物の総重量に関するものであった。次に、組成物を混合容器内で混合して混合物を得た。このようにして得られた混合物を、生コンクリートが既に存在するモールディングボードの形でフェイスコンクリート層として注いだ。フェイスコンクリート層は基本色であった。次に、混合物を型内で突き固めによって圧縮し、それによってグリーンコンクリート要素を得た。型を除去したときの観察に基づけば、グリーンコンクリート要素は分裂しなかった。型からの除去後、コンクリート要素の接着引張強度は1MPaよりやや低かった(試験材齢56日)。
Claims (21)
- コアコンクリート層とフェイスコンクリート層とを含むコンクリート要素であって、前記フェイスコンクリート層は、潜在水硬性結合材および/またはポゾラン結合材と、水と、顆粒状材料と混合物の総重量に基づいて3重量%~5重量%のアルカリ性硬化剤とを含む前記混合物を圧縮および硬化することによって得られ、前記顆粒状材料は、前記顆粒状材料の総重量にそれぞれ基づいて、2mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が35.5重量%~99.5重量%であり、0.25mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が2.5重量%~33.5重量%であり、前記アルカリ性硬化剤は、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、アルカリ金属ケイ酸塩、アルカリ金属アルミン酸塩およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択され、前記混合物は、前記混合物の総重量に基づいて、20重量%~30重量%の潜在水硬性結合材および/またはポゾラン結合材を含む、コンクリート要素。
- 前記顆粒状材料は、前記顆粒状材料の総重量に基づいて、2mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が42.5重量%~99.5重量%であり、56.5重量%~98.5重量%であるのがより好ましく、72.5重量%~97.5重量%であるのが特に好ましく、0.25mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が2.5重量%~27.5重量%であり、2.5重量%~22.5重量%であるのがより好ましく、2.5重量%~21.5重量%であるのがなお好ましく、2.5重量%~8重量%または11.5重量%~21.5重量%であるのが特に好ましいことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記混合物は、前記混合物の総重量に基づいて、55重量%~80重量%、好ましくは60重量%~75重量%、より好ましくは60重量%~72重量%、特に好ましくは60重量%~65重量%、特に60重量%~64重量%、または67重量%~72重量%の前記顆粒状材料を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記混合物は、前記混合物の総重量に基づいて、1重量%~30重量%、好ましくは1重量%~20重量%、より好ましくは5重量%~18重量%、なお好ましくは5重量%~15重量%、なお好ましくは5重量%~10重量%、特に好ましくは6重量%~8重量%のフィラーを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記フィラーは、前記フィラーの総重量に基づいて、0.025mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が63重量%~99重量%であり、68重量%~99重量%であるのが好ましく、90重量%~99重量%であるのがより好ましく、95重量%~99重量%であるのが特に好ましく、0.015mmの篩穴幅での通過画分が38重量%~73重量%であり、58重量%~67重量%であるのが好ましく、61重量%~66重量%であるのが特に好ましいことを特徴とする、請求項4に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記フィラーは、フライアッシュ、スラグ砂、岩石粉末、好ましくは分級岩石粉末、石灰石粉末、好ましくは分級石灰石粉末およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項4または5に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記潜在水硬性結合材は、スラグ、高炉スラグ、好ましくはスラグ砂、特に粉砕スラグ砂、電熱リンスラグ、鉄鋼スラグおよびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されること、および/または前記潜在水硬性結合材中の(CaO+MgO):SiO2のモル比は、0.8~2.5、好ましくは1.0~2.0の範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記ポゾラン結合材は、非晶質二酸化ケイ素、沈降二酸化ケイ素、発熱性二酸化ケイ素、マイクロシリカ、ガラス粉末、褐炭フライアッシュまたは無煙炭フライアッシュ等のフライアッシュ、メタカオリン、凝灰岩、トラスまたは火山灰等の天然ポゾラン、天然および合成ゼオライトならびにこれらの混合物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1~7の何れか一項に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記アルカリ性硬化剤は、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属ケイ酸塩、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1~8の何れか一項に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記混合物は、前記混合物の総重量に基づいて、3.15重量%~4.85重量%、より好ましくは3.25重量%~3.65重量%または4.0重量%~4.75重量%、なお好ましくは4.25重量%~4.75重量%、特に好ましくは4.35重量%~4.55重量%の前記アルカリ性硬化剤を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~9の何れか一項に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記混合物は、前記混合物の総重量に基づいて、3重量%~7重量%、好ましくは3.5重量%~6.5重量%、より好ましくは4.0重量%~6.2重量%、なお好ましくは4.2重量%~4.9重量%または5.2重量%~6.2重量%、特に好ましくは4.2重量%~4.8重量%の水を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~10の何れか一項に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記混合物は、硬化調節剤、特に凝結遅延剤および/または凝結促進剤を有することを特徴とする、請求項1~11の何れか一項に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記混合物は、セメント、および/または砂利、グリット、砂、パーライト、珪藻土もしくはバーミキュライト等の一つ以上の添加剤、および/または可塑剤、消泡剤、保水剤、分散剤、顔料、繊維、再分散性粉末、湿潤剤、含浸剤、錯化剤およびレオロジー添加剤からなる群より選択される一つ以上の添加剤を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~12の何れか一項に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 前記コンクリート要素は、コンクリートブロック、コンクリートスラブ、コンクリート壁要素またはコンクリートステップであることを特徴とする、請求項1~13の何れか一項に記載のコンクリート要素。
- 請求項1~14の何れか一項に記載のコンクリート要素を生産するための方法であって、
a.
i.顆粒状材料
ii.任意の顔料、
iii.任意のフィラー、
iv.水、
v.潜在水硬性結合材および/またはポゾラン結合材、ならびに
vi.アルカリ性硬化剤であって、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、アルカリ金属ケイ酸塩、アルカリ金属アルミン酸塩およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されるアルカリ性硬化剤
を成分として含む組成物を調製するステップ、
b.前記組成物を混合して、前記混合物の総重量に基づいて3重量%~5重量%のアルカリ性硬化剤を含む混合物を得るステップ、
c.前記混合物をコアコンクリート層の上の少なくとも一つの型に充填するステップ、または前記混合物を少なくとも一つの型に充填し、続いてその上にコアコンクリート層を充填するステップ、
d.前記混合物を圧縮して少なくとも一つのグリーンコンクリート要素を得るステップ
を含み、
前記混合物は、前記混合物の総重量に基づいて、20重量%~30重量%の潜在水硬性結合材および/またはポゾラン結合材を含む、方法。 - 前記組成物の前記成分は、定められた順序で計量されることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 粒状材料の全組成に基づいて(a)65~95重量%の量の平均粒径が0.1~5mmの散乱成分、および(b)5~35重量%の量の結合材を含む前記粒状材料の一部分が、前記少なくとも一つの型内での前記混合物の圧縮の前に前記混合物に加えられることを特徴とする、請求項15または16に記載の方法。
- 前記粒状材料に含まれる前記結合材は、セメント、水硬性石灰、石膏または水ガラス等の無機結合材であり、または前記粒状材料に含まれる前記結合材は、プラスチック分散物、アクリレート樹脂、アルキド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン、SolGel樹脂またはシリコーン樹脂エマルジョン等の有機結合材であること、および/または平均粒径0.1~1.8mmまたは1.2~5mmの散乱成分が、前記散乱成分として使用されること、および/または前記散乱成分は岩石混合物であるかまたは岩石混合物を含むこと、または前記散乱成分は、少なくとも半貴石、貴石、雲母、金属チップ、ガラスおよびプラスチック粒子の群より選択される材料を含むことを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つのグリーンコンクリート要素の表面および/または縁は、ブラシで処理されることを特徴とする、請求項15~18の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- シーリング剤および/または防水剤が、前記少なくとも一つのグリーンコンクリート要素の表面に施されることを特徴とする、請求項15~19の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記グリーンコンクリート要素は、硬化されてコンクリート要素が得られ、前記コンクリート要素は、硬化した後に前記コンクリート要素を研磨、ブラスティング、および/またはブラッシングすることによって処理されることを特徴とする、請求項15~20の何れか一項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019124726.8A DE102019124726A1 (de) | 2019-09-13 | 2019-09-13 | Betonelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE102019124726.8 | 2019-09-13 | ||
PCT/EP2020/073347 WO2021047875A1 (de) | 2019-09-13 | 2020-08-20 | Betonelement und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
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CN113816640B (zh) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-11-25 | 中建西部建设新疆有限公司 | 一种凝灰岩基复合矿物掺合料及其制备方法 |
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US20110271876A1 (en) | 2009-01-09 | 2011-11-10 | Stephen Alter | Geopolymer compositions |
US20170129811A1 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2017-05-11 | Metten Stein+Design Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for Producing Concrete Elements |
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RS64842B1 (sr) | 2023-12-29 |
EP4321317A2 (de) | 2024-02-14 |
CN114423721A (zh) | 2022-04-29 |
EP4321317A3 (de) | 2024-05-08 |
IL291208B1 (en) | 2023-03-01 |
PT4028371T (pt) | 2023-12-12 |
PL4028371T3 (pl) | 2024-03-18 |
ES2966793T3 (es) | 2024-04-24 |
CA3148392C (en) | 2024-03-19 |
IL291208A (en) | 2022-05-01 |
HRP20231554T1 (hr) | 2024-03-15 |
WO2021047875A1 (de) | 2021-03-18 |
JP2022537603A (ja) | 2022-08-26 |
DK4028371T3 (da) | 2023-12-04 |
US20230138864A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
FI4028371T3 (fi) | 2023-12-04 |
HUE064360T2 (hu) | 2024-03-28 |
IL291208B2 (en) | 2023-07-01 |
EP4028371B1 (de) | 2023-09-27 |
DE102019124726A1 (de) | 2021-03-18 |
EP4028371A1 (de) | 2022-07-20 |
CA3148392A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
SI4028371T1 (sl) | 2024-01-31 |
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