JP7401308B2 - セラミック材料に圧縮応力を印加するための膜 - Google Patents
セラミック材料に圧縮応力を印加するための膜 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017109 AlON Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 179
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 AlON fluorides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003564 SiAlON Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009429 distress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007737 ion beam deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
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Description
σ=E[(αf-αs)(Td-Tc)+(αfc-αs)(Td-TRT)]+Eintrinsic
一実施形態では、AlOaNb膜(a+b<1.5)が、AlON、サファイアまたはアルミナの基板に堆積される。この例では、膜のCTEは、基板よりも低い。一例では、aの値が0.0であるが、典型的にはaの値は0.0から0.5まで変化する。また、堆積したAlOaNb膜の屈折率は基板の屈折率よりも高く、その差が0.10よりも大きい。これは、膜のaとbの値を調整する処理により実現される。堆積温度は500℃~2,500℃の範囲で変えることができるが、典型的には堆積温度は800℃~1,700℃である。膜は、スパッタリング、物理的気相成、蒸発、CVDまたはHVPEを用いた方法で堆積することができる。膜は、100A(オングストローム)から10μmまでの様々な厚さとすることができる。堆積プロセス中の微細構造は、非晶質から多結晶まで様々なものとすることができる。
本実施例における膜は、サファイア、アルミナはAlON基板に500℃~2,500℃の間の温度で堆積されたSiCaNbOc(a+b+c<2.0)膜である。この場合、膜のCTEは基板よりも低い。また、膜の組成は、膜の屈折率が基板の屈折率よりも高く、その差(|(nfilm)-(ns)|)が少なくとも0.10を超える値となるように制御される。膜は、スパッタリング、蒸発、PVDまたはCVDにより堆積することができる。堆積後、変質プロセスを行うため、100℃以上温度を下げる。変質プロセスでは、膜を酸化し、炭素または窒素の量を減少させ、膜中の酸素含有量を増加させる。変質プロセス後の膜と基板の屈折率はほぼ同じ(|(nfilm)-(ns)|≦0.10)である。
本実施例では、ガラス基板に、-200℃~1,200℃の温度でSiNaOb(a+b<2.0)を含む膜が堆積される。この場合、膜のCTEは基板よりも高い。また、膜の組成は、膜の屈折率が基板の屈折率よりも高く、その差(|(nfilm)-(ns)|)が少なくとも0.10を超える値となるように制御される。膜は、スパッタリング、蒸発、PVDまたはCVDにより堆積することができる。堆積後、変質プロセスを行うため、100℃以上温度を上げることができる。変質プロセスでは、膜を酸化し、窒素の量を減少させ、膜中の酸素含有量を増加させる。変質プロセス後の膜と基板の屈折率はほぼ同じ(|(nfilm)-(ns)|≦0.10)である。膜は、非晶質とすることも、10A(オングストローム)から100μmまでの様々な粒径を有する多結晶とすることもできる。膜の硬度は、ビッカース硬度値500Kg/mm2~4,500/mm2、または、ヌープ硬度値500~4000とすることができる。基板は、一例として、実質的にシリカを基材としたガラス基板である。温度Tcで変質した後の変質膜は、SiO2であることができる。膜を室温範囲まで冷却した後の圧縮熱応力は、0.01GPa~2GPaの範囲である。膜の硬度は、通常、6.0を超えるモース硬度、または、1,000GPaを超えるビッカース硬度である。
101 ステップ
102 ステップ
103 ステップ
200 素子
210 セラミック基板
220 膜
300 携帯電話
311 読み取り専用メモリ(ROM)
312 ランダムアクセスメモリ(RAM)
315 プロセッサ
316 デジタル/アナログコンバータ(DAC)
317 アナログ/デジタルコンバータ(ADC)
318 無線周波数(RF)部
319 コーデック(コーダ/デコーダ)
320 デジタルシグナルプロセッサ(DSP)
328 Tx/Rxスイッチ
329 アンテナ
332 バッテリ
333 マイク(MIC)
334 スピーカ
335 ディスプレイ
336 キーパッド
337 オン/オフスイッチ
338 加入者識別モジュール(SIM)カード
Claims (16)
- 基板に圧縮応力を与える方法であって、
堆積温度(Td)でセラミック基板に膜を堆積して素子を形成すること、ここで前記Tdにおける前記膜と前記セラミック基板の熱膨張係数(CTE)差が1.0×10-6/K以上で、かつ、屈折率差が0.10より大であり、
前記Tdと100℃以上の差がある変更後温度(Tc)となるように前記Tdから温度を下げるまたは上げることで前記膜を変質すること、ここで変質条件は、変質膜の厚さの少なくとも一部において、(i)10mol%以上の酸素含有量の増加、10mol%以上の窒素含有量の減少、10mol%以上の炭素含有量の減少のうちの少なくとも1つが存在する組成の変化、(ii)ある結晶相から異なる結晶相への相変態、および、(iii)20%以上の平均粒径の増大を伴う微細構造の変化、のうちの少なくとも1つが起こり、前記Tcにおける前記変質膜と前記セラミック基板の前記屈折率差の絶対値が0.10以下(屈折率差≦|0.10|)を満たすものであり、および
前記素子の温度を前記Tcから室温まで下げること
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記基板はサファイアを含み、前記変質の前の前記膜はAlON、AlNまたはSiONを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記変質は、炭素含有ガス、酸素含有ガスまたは窒素含有ガスのうちの1またはそれ以上を流すことを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記素子は光学的に透明である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は、シリカ系ガラス、サファイア、アルミナまたはスピネルを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記変質膜の前記一部は圧縮応力下にあり、前記基板は引張応力下にある、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記素子は、携帯電話のディスプレイスクリーンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記変質膜の前記一部は、10%~80%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記変質の後の前記膜と前記セラミック基板の前記屈折率差の絶対値は、0.05以下である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記変質の後の前記膜の圧縮応力は、1MPa~10GPaである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記変質の後の前記膜は、アルミニウムを10%以上含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 携帯電話であって、
アンテナに接続され、トランシーバと、RF周波数アップコンバータと、RF周波数ダウンコンバータとを含み、デジタル/アナログコンバータ(DAC)およびアナログ/デジタルコンバータ(ADC)を介して少なくとも1つのプロセッサに接続された無線周波数(RF)部を備え、
前記携帯電話の透明ディスプレイスクリーンは、下層の透明なセラミック基板とは組成および相のうちの少なくとも1つが異なる材料をその厚さの少なくとも一部に含む透明な膜を含み、
前記膜と前記セラミック基板の屈折率差の絶対値が0.10以下であり、
前記セラミック基板は、厚さが100μm~3mmの範囲の単結晶サファイア基板を含み、
前記膜の前記一部は、αアルミナまたはAlON多結晶相を含み、
前記膜の圧縮応力は、1MPa~10GPaである、
ことを特徴とする携帯電話。 - 携帯電話であって、
アンテナに接続され、トランシーバと、RF周波数アップコンバータと、RF周波数ダウンコンバータとを含み、デジタル/アナログコンバータ(DAC)およびアナログ/デジタルコンバータ(ADC)を介して少なくとも1つのプロセッサに接続された無線周波数(RF)部を備え、
前記携帯電話の透明ディスプレイスクリーンは、下層の透明なセラミック基板とは組成および相のうちの少なくとも1つが異なる材料をその厚さの少なくとも一部に含む透明な膜を含み、
前記膜と前記セラミック基板の屈折率差の絶対値が0.10以下であり、
前記セラミック基板はサファイアであり、
前記膜は、アルミニウムを10%以上含む、
ことを特徴とする携帯電話。 - 前記膜と前記セラミック基板の前記屈折率差の絶対値が0.05以下である、請求項12又は13に記載の携帯電話。
- 前記膜の前記一部は圧縮応力下にあり、前記セラミック基板は引張応力下にある、請求項12又は13に記載の携帯電話。
- 透明ディスプレイスクリーンを形成するための方法であって、
堆積温度(T d )でセラミック基板に膜を堆積して素子を形成すること、ここで前記T d における前記膜と前記セラミック基板の熱膨張係数(CTE)差が1.0×10 -6 /K以上で、かつ、屈折率差が0.10より大であり、
前記T d と100℃以上の差がある変更後温度(T c )となるように前記T d から温度を下げるまたは上げることで前記膜を変質すること、ここで変質条件は、変質膜の厚さの少なくとも一部において、(i)10mol%以上の酸素含有量の増加、10mol%以上の窒素含有量の減少、10mol%以上の炭素含有量の減少のうちの少なくとも1つが存在する組成の変化、(ii)ある結晶相から異なる結晶相への相変態、および、(iii)20%以上の平均粒径の増大を伴う微細構造の変化、のうちの少なくとも1つが起こり、前記T c における前記変質膜と前記セラミック基板の前記屈折率差の絶対値が0.10以下(屈折率差≦|0.10|)を満たすものであり、および
前記素子の温度を前記T c から室温まで下げることにより、前記変質後の前記膜と前記セラミック基板とを含む透明ディスプレイスクリーンを形成すること、
を含み、前記変質膜の前記一部は圧縮応力下にある、
ことを特徴とする方法。
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