JP7397707B2 - Building water intrusion prevention structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a structure that prevents water from entering a building through joints between exterior wall panels, between building units, and around foundations during floods.

BACKGROUND ART Unit buildings are conventionally known in which a plurality of building units manufactured in a factory are stacked vertically and horizontally. In general, this building unit is constructed by constructing a rigid frame structure by spanning ceiling beams and floor beams between columns placed at corners, and multiple exterior wall panels are attached to multiple studs placed between the columns. It has a structure.

Therefore, joints will occur between adjacent building units. That is, when building units are stacked vertically and horizontally, vertical joints occur between horizontally adjacent building units, and horizontal joints occur at the lower or upper edges of the building units. Furthermore, joints will also occur between multiple exterior wall panels attached to the same building unit.

Conventionally, waterproof sheets, gaskets, etc. have been used to waterproof such joints (see Patent Documents 1 and 2, etc.), but the purpose was to prevent rainwater from entering during rain, and the water pressure during floods It is not waterproof enough to withstand. On the other hand, flood damage caused by typhoons and torrential rains is increasing year by year due to climate change and other factors, and there is an increasing demand for buildings with waterproof properties that can withstand water pressure during floods.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7-292791 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 6-306963

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a water intrusion prevention structure for a building that can withstand water pressure during floods.

In order to achieve the above object, the water infiltration prevention structure for a building of the present invention fills gaps at any one of the joints between adjacent exterior wall panels, between adjacent building units, and between a building unit and a foundation. It is characterized in that a water-expandable material is provided at the position.

Here, the structure may be such that the water-expandable material is sandwiched between the outer wall panel and the studs at the joint between the adjacent outer wall panels.

Further, the structure may be such that the water-expandable material is sandwiched between the main pillars of the adjacent building units and between the outer wall panel and the main pillar at the joint between the adjacent building units.

Furthermore, the water-expandable material may be attached to the joint between the building unit and the foundation from the lower surface of the lower frame of the outer wall panel to the lower surface of the floor joist.

The water infiltration prevention structure for a building of the present invention configured as described above provides a water-expandable material at a position that fills the gap in the joint of the building, and when the water-expandable material absorbs water and expands, it closes the gap, This prevents water from entering the building even when water pressure is applied. Further, when the water-expandable material dries, it returns to its original volume before absorbing water, so it does not normally obstruct the ventilation route of the building.

It is a perspective view explaining the composition of a building unit. It is a back view of the configuration of the exterior wall panel as seen from the inside of the building, where (a) shows the exterior wall panel installed between two studs, and (b) the exterior wall panel with one side edge in contact with the main pillar. FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a structure for preventing water intrusion between outer wall panels, in which (a) shows a state before water absorption, and (b) shows a state after water absorption. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a method for constructing a structure to prevent water infiltration between exterior wall panels, in which (a) shows the process of attaching a water-expandable material to the studs, and (b) shows the process of attaching the exterior wall panels to the studs. FIG. 3(c) shows a state in which the water-expandable material is sandwiched between the outer wall panel and the studs. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a structure for preventing water intrusion between building units, in which (a) is a diagram showing a state before water absorption, and (b) is a diagram showing a state after water absorption. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a method of constructing a structure to prevent water infiltration between building units, in which (a) shows the process of attaching water-expandable material to the main pillars, and (b) shows the process of attaching external wall panels to the main pillars. The figure shown, (c) is a figure showing the state in which the water-expandable material is sandwiched. It is sectional drawing which shows the embodiment of the water intrusion prevention structure in the vicinity of a foundation, Comprising: (a) is a figure which shows the state before water absorption, (b) is a figure which shows the state after water absorption. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a method of constructing a structure to prevent water infiltration around the foundation, in which (a) is a diagram showing a process of attaching one end of the water-expandable material to the lower surface of the bottom frame, and (b) is a diagram showing the process of attaching one end of the water-expandable material to the lower surface of the lower frame; FIG. (c) is a diagram showing the process of attaching the building unit to the lower surface of the floor beam, and (c) is a diagram showing the process of installing the building unit on the foundation.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view for explaining the schematic configuration of a building unit 1. As shown in FIG.

A plurality of building units 1 are connected horizontally and vertically to form a unit building (not shown).

First, to explain the configuration, this building unit 1 consists of four main pillars 2, placed at the four corners, ceiling beams 31, placed horizontally between the upper ends of the pillars, and a ceiling beam 31, placed between the lower ends. The main structural member is a rigid frame structure 11 composed of floor beams 32, . . .

A plurality of studs 4, . . . are arranged at predetermined intervals between the main columns 2, 2 on the front side in FIG. The stud 4 has an upper end connected to a ceiling beam 31 and a lower end connected to a floor beam 32.

Here, the main pillar 2 is formed of a square steel pipe, and the stud 4, the ceiling beam 31, and the floor beam 32 are formed of C-shaped steel material having a U-shape in cross section.

FIG. 2 shows a back view of the outer wall panels 51, 51A arranged on the front side in FIG. 1, viewed from inside the building unit 1. FIG. 2(a) is a diagram showing an exterior wall panel 51 attached between two studs 4, 4, and FIG. 2(b) is a diagram showing an exterior wall panel 51A with one edge in contact with the main pillar 2.

The outer wall panels 51, 51A are mainly composed of a face material 52 made of a plaster board or a hard wood cement board, and a frame 53 arranged to surround the edge of the face material 52.

As shown in FIG. 2(a), the frame 53 of the outer wall panel 51 includes two vertical frames 53a, 53a, an upper frame 53b connecting the upper ends of the vertical frames 53a, 53a, and a lower frame connecting the lower ends of the vertical frames 53a, 53a. 53c, and a plurality of intermediate frames 53d, . . . arranged at intervals in the vertical direction between the upper frame 53b and the lower frame 53c.

As shown in FIG. 1, this exterior wall panel 51 is attached to the building unit 1 by fixing the left and right side edges to the adjacent studs 4, 4, respectively. That is, the side edges of two separate outer wall panels 51, 51 are fixed to the studs 4 via vertical frames 53a, 53a, respectively.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2(b), the frame 53 of the outer wall panel 51A has two vertical frames 53a, 53a, an upper frame 53b that connects the upper ends of the vertical frames 53a, 53a, and an upper frame 53b that connects the lower ends of the vertical frames 53a, 53a. It is mainly composed of a lower frame 53c and two intermediate frames 53e, 53e arranged at symmetrical positions between the vertical frames 53a, 53a. Here, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the intermediate frame 53e is arranged at a position where it can be joined to the mounting fitting 21 protruding from the main column 2 (square steel pipe 22).

As shown in FIG. 1, the outer wall panel 51A, which has one side edge in contact with the main pillar 2, has one side edge fixed to the main pillar 2, and the other side edge fixed to the stud 4.

That is, one side edge of the outer wall panel 51A is brought into contact with the main pillar 2. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, a mounting bracket 21 is made to protrude in the direction of the stud 4 from the main pillar 2 in an ear shape, and the outer wall panel 51A is attached to this mounting bracket 21. A plurality of these mounting brackets 21 are provided at intervals in the vertical direction, and of the two intermediate frames 53e, 53e attached to the outer wall panel 51A, the mounting brackets 21 are installed through the intermediate frame 53e on the side closer to the main pillar 2. , the outer wall panel 51A and the mounting fittings 21, . . . are joined.

Further, the other side edge of the outer wall panel 51A is fixed to the stud 4 via the vertical frame 53a, similar to the side edge of the outer wall panel 51 shown in FIG. 2(a).

Note that the configuration of the outer wall panels 51, 51A shown in FIG. 2 is an example, and the number, arrangement, etc. of the intermediate frames 53d, 53e can be changed as appropriate.

In this way, the outer wall 5 is formed by attaching a plurality of outer wall panels 51, 51A, . . . to the side surface exposed to the outside of the building unit 1.

Therefore, vertical joints are formed between the side edges of the adjacent outer wall panels 51, 51 and between the side edges of the adjacent outer wall panels 51, 51A. Further, vertical joints are also formed between the side edges of the outer walls 5, 5 between the building units 1, 1 adjacent in the horizontal direction. Moreover, a horizontal joint is formed between the lower edge of the outer wall 5 and the upper edge of the outer wall 5 between the building units 1 and 1 adjacent in the vertical direction. Further, a horizontal joint is also formed at the lower edge of the building unit 1 installed on the first floor between it and the foundation (not shown). Here, these vertical joints and horizontal joints are collectively referred to as joints.

The water infiltration prevention structure according to this embodiment is intended to prevent water from entering the building through this joint during a flood, and is characterized by a water-expandable material provided at a position that fills the gap between the joints. .

This "water-expandable material" may be one based on a foamed resin conventionally used for joints, which has excellent waterproofness and airtightness, and which contains a water-absorbing resin such as a polyacrylic acid-based resin. Here, the ratio of the water-absorbing resin to the total of the foamed resin and the water-absorbing resin contained in the water-expandable material can be 30 to 90% (w/w).

The shape of the water-expandable material is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, sheet-like, sponge-like, or columnar, depending on the shape of the gap to be filled.

Furthermore, water-expandable materials have the property of expanding when they absorb water, but returning to their original volume when dry. Therefore, during floods, it expands and fills the gaps in the joints to prevent water from entering the building, but when it dries, it shrinks to its original volume and does not block ventilation routes. The expansion rate of the water-expandable material can be 20 times or more.

Next, an embodiment of a water intrusion prevention structure at the joint between adjacent outer wall panels 51, 51 will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 3(a) is a sectional view of the area around the vertical joint between the outer wall panels 51, 51 when dry, and FIG. 3(b) when water is absorbed. As shown in FIG. 3A, a foam sponge sheet 61 as a water-expandable material is sandwiched between the vertical frame 53a of the outer wall panel 51 and the C-shaped steel material 41 as the stud 4.

That is, the side edges of two separate outer wall panels 51, 51 are joined to the C-shaped steel material 41 via vertical frames 53a, 53a, with the foam sponge sheet 61 sandwiched therebetween. Here, a certain gap is provided between the side edges of the outer wall panels 51, 51, and a waterproof gasket 63 is press-fitted from the outside into the gap.

Further, the C-shaped steel material 41 and the vertical frame 53a are joined at a plurality of locations at intervals in the vertical direction by rivets 7, . . . . This rivet 7 is a one-side rivet, and can join the vertical frame 53a and the C-shaped steel material 41 by simply driving it from the C-shaped steel material 41 side.

The foamed sponge sheet 61 is made of a water-expandable material containing a water-absorbing resin in the form of a flexible sheet with a thickness of about 4 mm, and has approximately the same width and length as the C-shaped steel material 41.

This foam sponge sheet 61 is sandwiched between the vertical frame 53a of the outer wall panel 51 and the C-shaped steel material 41, and is compressed. Since it contains a water-absorbing resin, when it absorbs water, it expands to a thickness of about 25 mm, and as shown in FIG. This can prevent water from seeping inside.

Moreover, even if the foam sponge sheet 61 absorbs water, it will shrink to its original volume once it dries and return to the state shown in FIG. 3(a), so it will not block the ventilation path.

Next, a method of constructing the water intrusion prevention structure shown in FIG. 3 will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

First, as shown in FIG. 4(a), the foam sponge sheet 61 has an adhesive layer 611 formed on one side, and the foam sponge sheet 61 is pasted on the surface of the C-shaped steel material 41 on which the outer wall panel 51 will be attached. .

As shown in FIGS. 4(b) and 4(c), vertical frames 53a of two separate external wall panels 51, By joining 53a, the foam sponge sheet 61 is compressed. At this time, a certain gap is left between the side edges of the outer wall panels 51, 51.

Further, the C-shaped steel material 41 and the vertical frame 53a are joined using rivets 7 at a plurality of locations spaced apart in the vertical direction. This rivet 7 is a one-side rivet, and can join the vertical frame 53a and the C-shaped steel material 41 by simply driving it from the C-shaped steel material 41 side. Note that although the above process is carried out in a factory, it can also be carried out at a construction site.

Next, an embodiment of a water infiltration prevention structure at a joint between laterally adjacent building units 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 5.

FIG. 5(a) is a cross-sectional view of the area around the vertical joint between the building units 1, 1 when dry, and FIG. 5(b) when water is absorbed.

As shown in FIG. 5(a), a foam sponge sheet 61 as a water-expandable material is sandwiched between the outer wall panel 51A and the square steel pipe 22 as the main pillar 2. Moreover, a foam columnar sponge 62 as a water-expandable material is sandwiched between the square steel pipes 22, 22 of the adjacent building units 1, 1. Here, a certain gap is provided between the side edges of the outer wall panels 51A, 51A, and a waterproof gasket 63 is press-fitted from the outside into the gap.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, one side edge of the outer wall panel 51A is in contact with the main pillar 2 (square steel pipe 22). The outer wall panel 51A is connected to the mounting brackets 21, which are provided in a plurality of ears in the four directions of the studs of the square steel pipe 22 at intervals vertically, with the foam sponge sheet 61 sandwiched therebetween. has been done.

As shown in FIG. 2(b), two intermediate frames 53e, 53e are attached to the outer wall panel 51A in parallel with the vertical frames 53a, 53a, of which the intermediate frame 53e on the side closer to the main pillar 2 The outer wall panel 51A and the mounting bracket 21 are joined to each other via.

Further, the mounting fittings 21, . . . and the intermediate frame 53e are joined at a plurality of locations at intervals in the vertical direction by rivets 7, . The rivet 7 is a one-sided rivet, and can join the intermediate frame 53e and the mounting bracket 21 by simply driving it from the mounting bracket 21 side.

The foam sponge sheet 61 is a flexible sheet made of a water-expandable material containing a water-absorbing resin and has a thickness of approximately 4 mm, and has approximately the same length as the square steel pipe 22 and a width similar to that of the square steel pipe. 22 and the mounting bracket 21 combined width.

This foam sponge sheet 61 is sandwiched between the outer wall panel 51A and the square steel pipe 22, and is compressed. Since it contains a water-absorbing resin, when it absorbs water, it expands to a thickness of about 25 mm, and as shown in Figure 5(b), by closing the gap between the building units 1 and 1, the structure can be used even during floods. This can prevent water from seeping inside.

A certain gap is provided between the square steel pipes 22, 22 of the adjacent building units 1, 1, and a foam columnar sponge 62 made of a water-expandable material containing a water-absorbing resin is sandwiched in the gap. It is.

This foam columnar sponge 62 has not only water expandability but also thermal expandability, and has the function of expanding in the event of a fire to prevent flames from penetrating into the building. Further, the foam columnar sponge 62 is columnar with a substantially circular cross section, and has a diameter of approximately 15 mm, which is slightly larger than the gap (approximately 10 mm) between the building units 1 and 1, and a length that is approximately the same as the square steel pipe 22. .

This foam columnar sponge 62 is sandwiched between the square steel pipes 22 and 22 and compressed. Since it contains a water-absorbing resin, it expands to a diameter of about 30 mm when it absorbs water, and as shown in Figure 5(b), by closing the gap between the building units 1 and 1, even in the event of a flood, it can be kept inside the building. can prevent water intrusion.

Moreover, even if the foam sponge sheet 61 and the foam columnar sponge 62 absorb water, once they dry, they will shrink back to their original volume and return to the state shown in FIG. 5(a), so they will not block the ventilation route. .

Next, a method of constructing the water intrusion prevention structure shown in FIG. 5 will be described with reference to FIG. 6.

First, as shown in FIG. 6(a), the foam sponge sheet 61 has an adhesive layer 611 formed on one side, and the foam sponge sheet Paste 61.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 6(b) and 6(c), the outer wall panel 51A is joined to the square steel pipe 22 and the mounting bracket 21 with the foamed sponge sheet 61 sandwiched therebetween. 61 is compressed.

As shown in FIG. 2(b), two intermediate frames 53e, 53e are attached to the outer wall panel 51A in parallel with the vertical frames 53a, 53a, of which the intermediate frame 53e on the side closer to the main pillar 2 The outer wall panel 51A and the mounting fittings 21 are joined through. At this time, one side edge of the outer wall panel 51A and the outer surface of the square steel pipe 22 are joined so that they are flush with each other.

Further, the mounting fittings 21, . . . and the intermediate frame 53e are joined at a plurality of locations spaced apart in the vertical direction by rivets 7, . The rivet 7 is a one-sided rivet, and can join the intermediate frame 53e and the mounting bracket 21 by simply driving it from the mounting bracket 21 side. The steps up to this point are carried out at the factory, but they can also be carried out at the construction site.

Next, the building units 1, . At this time, as shown in FIG. 6(c), the foamed columnar sponge 62 is placed between the adjacent square steel pipes 22, 22, thereby compressing the foamed columnar sponge 62. At this time, a certain gap is left between the side edges of the outer wall panels 51A, 51A.

Next, an embodiment of a structure for preventing water infiltration at the joint between the building unit 1 and the foundation 8 will be described with reference to FIG. 7.

FIG. 7(a) is a sectional view of the area around the horizontal joint between the building unit 1 and the foundation 8 when dry and FIG. 7(b) is when water is absorbed. As shown in FIG. 7(a), the building unit 1 is installed on the foundation 8, and the lower side of the foam sponge sheet 61 as a water-expandable material is sandwiched between the building unit 1 and the foundation 8. .

The foam sponge sheet 61 is pasted from the lower surface of the lower frame 53c of the outer wall panel 51 to the lower surface of the floor beam 32. That is, the upper end of the foam sponge sheet 61 is pasted to the lower surface of the lower frame 53c of the outer wall panel 51, and continues from there to the lower surface of the floor beam 32, covering the lower edge of the building unit 1. . Further, the foam sponge sheet 61 is provided along the outer periphery of the unit building.

The lower edge of the building unit 1 is mainly composed of four floor beams 32, . . . that connect the lower ends of the four main columns 2, . . . The joint parts with the beams 32, 32 are joined by welding via a joint piece 321.

Moreover, the lower edge of the outer wall panel 51 is attached to the floor beam 32 or the joint piece 321 via the lower frame 53c and the spacer 322, as shown in FIG. Note that the building unit 1 is fixed onto the foundation 8 with anchor bolts (not shown).

The foamed sponge sheet 61 is made of a water-expandable material containing a water-absorbing resin in the form of a flexible sheet with a thickness of about 4 mm, and also has airtightness and heat insulation properties.

This foam sponge sheet 61 is sandwiched between the building unit 1 and the foundation 8 and compressed. Since it contains a water-absorbing resin, when it absorbs water, it expands to a thickness of about 25 mm, and as shown in FIG. Close the gap between it and the lower edge of unit 1. In other words, both the gap between the lower surface of the floor beam 32 and the foundation 8 and the gap surrounded by the lower surface of the face material 52, the lower frame 53c, and the side surface of the floor beam 32 are filled with foam that has expanded by absorbing water. It is covered with a material sponge sheet 61. This prevents water from entering the building even during floods.

Further, even if the foamed sponge sheet 61 absorbs water, it will shrink to its original volume once it dries and return to the state shown in FIG. 7(a), so it will not block the ventilation path.

Next, a method of constructing the water intrusion prevention structure shown in FIG. 7 will be described with reference to FIG. 8.

As shown in FIG. 8(a), adhesive layers 611 are formed on one side of one end A of the foam sponge sheet 61, and on both sides of the other end B. As shown in FIG. First, the end portion A is attached to the lower surface portion of the lower frame 53c of the outer wall panel 51.

After that, the outer wall panel 51 is attached to the studs 4, 4. At this time, the lower edge of the outer wall panel 51 is attached to the floor beam 32 or the joint piece 321 via the lower frame 53c and the spacer 322.

Next, as shown in FIG. 8(b), the lower edge of the building unit 1 is covered with the foam sponge sheet 61, and the end B of the foam sponge sheet 61 is attached to the lower surface of the floor beam 32. The steps up to this point are carried out in the factory, but they can also be carried out at the construction site.

The building units 1, . . . manufactured in this manner are transported to a construction site and installed on a foundation 8. At this time, as shown in FIG. 8(c), the foam sponge sheet 61 is sandwiched between the building unit 1 and the foundation 8 and compressed.

The operation of the water intrusion prevention structure for a building according to this embodiment will be described below.

In this embodiment, a foam sponge sheet 61 or a foam material is used at a position to fill the gap at the joint between adjacent exterior wall panels 51, 51, between adjacent building units 1, 1, or between building unit 1 and foundation 8. By providing a water-expandable material such as the columnar sponge 62, when the water-expandable material absorbs water and expands, it closes the gap and prevents water from entering the building even when water pressure is applied. Further, when the water-expandable material dries, it returns to its original volume before absorbing water, so it does not normally obstruct the ventilation route of the building.

Further, since the water-expandable material contains a water-absorbing resin and has high water pressure resistance, it can withstand water pressure during floods. Conventional tarpaulins and airtight sponges are designed to prevent rainwater from entering during rain, but do not have the waterproof properties to withstand water pressure during floods.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design changes that do not depart from the gist of the present invention may be made. Included in invention.

For example, in the embodiment described above, a water intrusion prevention structure was described in the vertical joints that occur between the outer wall panels when a plurality of outer wall panels are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, but the structure is not limited to this. The present invention can also be applied to horizontal joints between exterior wall panels that occur when a plurality of exterior wall panels are arranged in parallel. Furthermore, the present invention is applicable not only to unit buildings manufactured in factories but also to buildings constructed using conventional construction methods.

Further, in the above embodiment, a structure for preventing water infiltration at the joint between the building unit and the foundation has been described, but the structure is not limited to this. The present invention can also be applied to joints between building units that are stacked one above the other, such as the joint between the upper edges of a building unit.

1: Building unit 22: Square steel pipe 22 (main pillar)
32: Floor beam 41: C-shaped steel material (stud)
51, 51A: External wall panel 53: Frame 61: Foam sponge sheet (water-expandable material)
62: Foam columnar sponge (water expansion material)
8: Basics

Claims (2)

A water infiltration prevention structure for a building, characterized in that a water-expandable material is provided at a position that fills a gap at a joint between adjacent building units ,
A water infiltration prevention structure for a building, wherein the water-expandable material is sandwiched between main columns of the adjacent building units and between an outer wall panel and the main columns. A water infiltration prevention structure for a building, characterized in that a water-expandable material is provided at a position that fills a gap at a joint between a building unit and a foundation,
A structure for preventing water infiltration of a building, in which the water-expandable material is pasted from the lower surface of the lower frame of the outer wall panel to the lower surface of the floor beam.