JP7371831B2 - Planting soil improvement material, planting soil, method for producing planting soil, and planting method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a soil improving material for planting, a soil for planting, a method for producing soil for planting, and a method for planting, and in particular, a soil improving material for planting suitable for lawn bed soil, and a method for producing planting soil. The present invention relates to soil for planting, a method for producing the soil for planting, and a method for planting.

Soil improvement materials for planting are widely used to plant and grow various plants. Grass bed soil is used to plant natural grass at soccer and baseball fields, golf courses, and the like. Bermuda grass and Tifton grass are popular as grass for sports such as soccer fields and rugby fields.

When growing these types of lawns, single-grain sand (such as Aomori sand) with emphasis on drainage is used as the turf bed soil to avoid suffocation and root rot in high temperatures and heavy rain. Although this single-grain sand has good drainage, it has poor water and fertilizer retention properties, so it is necessary to constantly supply the moisture and fertilizer necessary for lawn growth. In addition, with conventional turf bed soil, the moisture and fertilizer applied to the turf bed soil have a poor fixation rate, with most of the water and fertilizer being discharged underground or into underdrain facilities before being absorbed by the lawn.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the grass used for soccer, rugby, etc. grounds be one that does not easily come off against the stress of athletes' exercise. For this reason, grass used in such environments is required to grow roots deep into the ground, but in conventional turf bed soil, the grass roots do not have enough length and easily fall out under load.

As described above, while there is room for improvement in conventional turf bed soil (soil improving material for planting), there is also a need to effectively utilize waste materials and use them as soil for planting. For example, soil generated from purified water by drying sludge generated from water treatment plants is treated as industrial waste, but as the environmental burden increases year by year, developing ways to effectively utilize soil generated from purified water has become an important issue. ing. If the soil generated from purified water can be used effectively, there will be advantages in terms of disposal costs and other aspects. In the past, there have been known examples of effectively using soil generated from purified water as turf bed soil.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a lawn top soil that is mainly composed of soil generated at a water purification plant and contains sulfur in an amount of 1% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less based on the entire top layer. This water purification soil is a material obtained by adding sulfur to water purification plant soil generated from the industrial water purification process, and when used as top soil for lawns, it has excellent dispersibility on lawns and improves the soil pH. It is said that it can promote the decline of turf, suppress turfgrass diseases, and promote turf growth.

Further, Patent Document 2 discloses planting soil containing molten slag granules produced from general waste or industrial waste and dehydrated cake granules obtained by dehydrating and drying purified water sludge. Further, this document states that the dehydrated cake is obtained by solidifying sludge generated from water purification plants, sewage treatment plants, etc. of each municipality. Furthermore, in the examples, five types of recycled soils are disclosed in which molten slag and dehydrated cake are mixed at a ratio of 3:7 to 8:2, and the maximum particle size is the smallest ((E )) is also 19 mm, and the natural moisture content is stated to be 39.6%.

JP 2001-320955 (abstract, claim 1, etc.) Patent No. 5021105 (Claim 1, Paragraph 0028, Paragraph 0034, Figure 3, etc.)

However, the purified water soil of Patent Document 1 is discharged during the water purification process for industrial water, and compared to general purified water soil, the amount of flocculant added is small and the content of aluminum is quite low. For this reason, the purified water-generated soil of this document has poor fertilization and water retention properties. Furthermore, in this document, sulfur is added to the soil generated from purified water, which increases manufacturing costs.

Furthermore, since the planting soil of Patent Document 2 contains molten slag granules produced from general waste or industrial waste, it contains various chemicals and impurities, which have a negative impact on the environment and the human body. There is a possibility that Furthermore, the planting soil of this document contains molten slag granules, has a high alkalinity, and is unsuitable for growing plants. Furthermore, the planting soil of this document has a large particle size and a low water content ratio, so it has poor water retention and fertilizer retention, and it is difficult for plants to spread roots deep into the ground.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil improvement material for planting that has excellent fertilizer and water retention properties, has little negative impact on the environment and the human body, can be manufactured at low cost, and is suitable for growing plants. It is about providing soil. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing planting soil and a planting method using such a soil improver for planting.

The present inventors have conducted extensive research in order to solve the above problems. As a result, by using soil produced from purified water by drying and dewatering sludge from water treatment plants, with a predetermined particle size and water content ratio, as a soil conditioner for planting, it has an excellent effect, especially on grass. The present invention was completed based on the following findings.

The present invention includes purified water generated soil obtained by dewatering and/or drying sludge from a water treatment plant, and the purified water generated soil is composed of aggregated soil in which a plurality of particles are aggregated and has an average particle diameter of 10 mm or less, and This is a soil improvement material for planting, characterized by having a water content of 20 to 150% by mass.

In this way, since it is made by drying sludge generated in water treatment plants for waterworks, it has less negative impact on the environment and can be manufactured at low cost. In addition, since the purified water soil contains a flocculant added during the water purification process, it is porous with a plurality of aggregated particles, and has a small average particle size and a high water content. Therefore, the soil improvement material for planting of the present invention has excellent fertilizer retention and water retention properties, and allows the roots of planted plants to spread deep into the ground.

Further, in the above case, as a result of analysis using a fertilizer analysis method, the purified water generated soil contains 1.0 to 10.0 mass% of iron (III) oxide and 0.05 to 2.0 mass% of phosphorus pentoxide. , containing 0.05 to 2.0 mass% of calcium oxide, 0.05 to 2.0 mass% of magnesium oxide, and 0.01 to 2.0 mass% of potassium oxide, and a method based on the soil nutrient analysis method. As a result of analysis, it is preferable that aluminum oxide be contained in an amount of 1.0 to 10.0% by mass.

In this way, purified water-generated soil contains a moderate amount of aluminum derived from flocculants, and therefore has a porous structure that exhibits good fertilizer and water retention properties when used as planting soil. It plays the role of maintaining a stable quality composition over a long period of time, even in environments such as soil or water.

Moreover, in the above case, it is preferable that the purified water generated soil is sludge treated in a solar drying bed.

In this way, since the purified water generated soil is sludge that has been dried in the solar drying bed, it is possible to effectively utilize the sludge in the solar drying bed, which could not be used effectively in the past. In addition, purified water generated soil treated in a solar drying bed has the characteristic that plant roots extend deeper into the ground than purified water generated soil that has been mechanically dried.

The present invention is a planting soil characterized by containing the planting soil improving material described above and earth and sand made of soil and/or sand.

In this way, the planting soil containing the above-mentioned planting soil improvement material has little negative impact on the environment, can be produced at low cost, has excellent fertilizer and water retention properties, and has excellent fertilization and water retention properties, and is suitable for the roots of planted plants. can extend deep underground.

In this case, it is preferable that the soil conditioner for planting is contained in an amount of 10 to 50% by volume.

By setting the amount of the soil improving material for planting in the range of 10 to 50% by volume, the soil improving material for planting and the earth and sand are appropriately contained, so that the soil for planting is suitable for growing plants.

Further, it is preferable that the planting soil is lawn soil.

In this way, the planting soil can be particularly preferably used as bedding soil for turf beds.

The present invention is a method for producing soil for planting, which comprises mixing any one of the above soil improving materials for planting with earth and sand made of soil and/or sand.

In this way, planting soil can be easily produced by mixing the above-mentioned planting soil improving material and earth and sand.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a step of manufacturing soil for planting by mixing the soil improving material for planting according to any one of the above and earth and sand made of soil and/or sand, and a step of producing soil for planting. This is a planting method characterized by comprising the steps of: planting plants in the first step;

In this way, by mixing the above-mentioned soil improvement material for planting with earth and sand and planting a plant, it is possible to easily plant the plant.

According to the present invention, there is provided a soil improvement material for planting that has excellent fertilizer and water retention properties, has little negative impact on the environment and the human body, can be manufactured at low cost, and is suitable for growing plants; Soil can be provided. Moreover, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing soil for planting and a method for planting using such a soil improving material for planting.

It is an explanatory diagram showing a method of making a pot and a method of filling it with test soil. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of leaves in turfgrass buds. This is a photograph showing the state of germination of Moonlight. It is a graph showing the germination rate, etc. of an example using Moonlight. It is a graph showing the length of leaves, etc. of an example using Moonlight. It is a graph showing the germination rate, etc. of Examples using Riviera. It is a graph showing the germination rate, etc. of an example using Moonlight. It is a graph showing the length of leaves, etc. of an example using Moonlight. It is a graph showing the appearance rate of leaves in an example using moonlight.

Hereinafter, the soil improving material for planting, the soil for planting, the manufacturing method of the soil for planting, and the planting method of the present invention will be explained in detail.

1. Soil Improvement Material for Planting The soil improvement material for planting of the present invention contains purified water generated soil obtained by dehydrating and/or drying sludge from a water treatment plant. The purified water generated soil is composed of aggregated soil in which a plurality of particles are aggregated and has an average particle size of 10 mm or less, and has a water content of 20 to 150% by mass.

Here, the term "water purification plant" refers to a water purification plant that purifies water from rivers and the like to make it into water supply. That is, the soil improvement material for planting of the present invention is made from sludge contained in natural rivers, etc., and although it contains flocculants as described below, it does not contain sludge produced in the process of producing clean water that can be drunk by humans. It does not contain any harmful chemicals. Therefore, even when the planting soil improving material of the present invention is used in planting soil, there is almost no adverse effect on the environment or the human body. Furthermore, by using such planting soil, it is possible to improve the growth efficiency of plants such as grass, and to comprehensively reduce maintenance and management costs after planting. That is, the present invention can realize a double environmental contribution by reducing the load of purified water generated soil as industrial waste and at the same time enriching the living environment of residents by promoting lawning and greening.

Next, water purification treatment at a water purification plant will be explained. At water treatment plants, water is taken from rivers, etc., a flocculant is added to separate the water from solid to liquid, the water is sterilized, and the water is used as a water supply. The solid-liquid separated sludge coagulates and undergoes a drying process as described below to produce purified water generated soil. Note that polyaluminum chloride (PAC) or the like is used as the flocculant. Sludge from a water treatment plant is the residue generated when water from rivers, etc. is purified at a water treatment plant to make it into a tap water supply, and contains organic matter and microorganisms contained in the river, etc. Sludge from water treatment plants is about 80% by mass clay, and the remaining 20% by mass is organic matter such as dead leaves and algae. The main component of sludge is negatively charged clay, and polyaluminum chloride reacts with alkaline components to form positively charged aluminum hydroxide. The neutralization reaction between the positive charge of aluminum hydroxide and the negative charge of the clay allows the clay to coagulate and settle.

Sludge drying methods can be broadly divided into two types: mechanical drying and solar drying. Mechanical drying is a method of dewatering by placing sludge in an accordion-shaped filter cloth and compressing it from the left and right sides. Compared to solar drying, which will be described later, mechanical drying is less likely to contain weed seeds and other impurities in the dried sludge. Mechanically dried sludge becomes a dried cake, which is effectively used as gardening soil.

On the other hand, solar drying is a method in which sludge is stored in a pool (sun drying bed) and dried under the sun. In solar drying, it takes about 4 to 6 months to dry from a state containing about 96% water to about 50% by mass. In addition, in solar drying, since the sludge is dried in an open pool, foreign matter such as weed seeds can easily enter the sludge. As described above, sludge dried in the sun cannot be used effectively as much as mechanically dried sludge because it contains impurities. Therefore, there is a need to effectively utilize sun-dried sludge from the viewpoint of cost and management of water treatment facilities.

In the present invention, any purified water-generated soil, whether mechanically dried or sun-dried, can be suitably used as a soil conditioner for planting. In particular, as will be shown in the examples below, purified water-generated soil that has been dried in the sun is more preferable than mechanically dried soil, since the roots of the plants will be longer (the roots will have better root tension).

The purified water generated soil contained in the soil improvement material for planting of the present invention contains soil in which a plurality of soil particles are aggregated (aggregated soil). The average particle size of the soil particles constituting aggregated soil is generally within the range of 0.1 to 100 μm, although it depends on the type of soil from which the soil is generated. The average particle size of the aggregated soil is 10 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or less. There is no particular restriction on the lower limit of the average particle size of the aggregated soil, but it is generally 0.1 mm or more. The particle size of aggregate soil can be adjusted using a wet crusher, granulator, sieve sorter, etc.

Since the water-purified soil of the present invention is derived from sludge treated with a flocculant as described above, it has a structure in which soil particles are appropriately aggregated by the flocculant. Therefore, when purified water generated soil is used as planting soil, it can hold fertilizer and water and has an appropriate space that allows plant roots to easily penetrate. Furthermore, in the present invention, the particle size of the aggregate soil is adjusted to 10 mm or less without damaging the aggregate structure of the soil that generates water purification, so that large clumps with low fertilizer and water retention performance or single particles can be formed. Since lumps are removed, it has excellent fertilizer and water retention properties.

The purified water generated soil included in the soil improvement material for planting of the present invention has a water content ratio of 20 to 150% by mass, preferably within the range of 30 to 120% by mass. If the water content of the purified water generated soil is within the range of 20 to 150% by mass, it will contain an appropriate amount of water, which will be advantageous for growing plants.

The components and composition contained in purified water soil differ slightly depending on the river from which water is taken and the treatment equipment of the water purification plant, but in general, it is preferable to have it within the following range (the analysis method is in parentheses on the left).
<Ingredients and composition>
・Silic acid (SiO ₂ ): 30 to 70% by mass (Fertilizer analysis method 4.4.1 Hydrochloric acid method)
・Aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ): 1.0 to 10.0% by mass (based on soil nutrient analysis method 8.4.2)
・Iron (III) oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ): 1.0 to 10.0% by mass (Fertilizer analysis method 4.13.1)
・Phosphorus pentoxide (P ₂ O ₃ ): 0.05 to 2.0% by mass (Fertilizer analysis method 4.2.1)
・Calcium oxide (CaO): 0.05 to 2.0% by mass (Fertilizer analysis method 4.5.1)
・Magnesium oxide (MgO); 0.05 to 2.0% by mass (Fertilizer analysis method 4.6.1)
・Potassium oxide (K ₂ O): 0.01 to 2.0% by mass (Fertilizer analysis method 4.3.1)

Further, as the purified water generated soil, it is preferable that the soil has characteristics within the following range.
・Ignition loss: 5-30% ・dry (Fertilizer test method 3.2)
・Base exchange capacity (CEC): 5-30meq/100g・dry (Soil environment analysis method V.6.A)
・Density: 1 to 4 g/cm ³ (based on JIS A1202 (2009))
・Water content: 20-150% by mass (based on JIS A1202 (2009))
・Saturated hydraulic conductivity: 0.5×10 ^-2 to 5.0×10 ^-3 cm/s (Soil environment analysis method II.10 constant water level method)
・Effective water retention amount: 20 to 600 L/m ³ (Soil environment analysis method II.9 Pressure plate method and centrifugation method)
・Maximum particle size (aggregated soil): 1 to 15 mm
・Average particle size (aggregated soil): 0.1-10mm

2. Soil for Planting The soil for planting of the present invention contains the above-mentioned soil improving material for planting and earth and sand made of soil and/or sand. Soils that can be used as planting soil include Akadama soil, Masago soil, Kanuma soil, Kuroboku soil, etc. These soils can be used alone or in combination of two or more types. You may.

Examples of sand that can be used for planting soil include single grain sand, coarse sand, and crushed stone. These sands may be used alone or in combination of two or more types. In particular, from the viewpoint of improving plant growth efficiency, single-grain sand is preferred. The average particle diameter of the single grain sand is preferably within the range of 0.05 to 10 mm, more preferably within the range of 0.1 to 5 mm. As the soil for planting soil, earth, sand, or a mixture of earth and sand can be used.

The planting soil improvement material contained in the planting soil can be changed as appropriate depending on the purpose of use, etc., but it is usually within the range of 10 to 50 volume%, and within the range of 15 to 45 volume%. is preferable, and more preferably within the range of 20 to 40% by volume. If the amount of the planting soil improver contained in the planting soil is within the range of 10 to 50% by volume, the planting soil will contain an appropriate amount of the planting soil improver and soil. Favorable for plant growth.

The planting soil of the present invention can be produced by mixing the above-mentioned planting soil improving material and earth and sand at an appropriate mixing ratio. The mixing ratio is usually such that the planting soil improvement material contained in the planting soil is in the range of 10 to 50 volume%, preferably 15 to 45 volume%, and 20 to 40 volume%. The range of volume % is more preferable.

3. Planting method The planting method of the present invention includes a step of mixing the above-mentioned planting soil improver and soil to produce planting soil, and a step of planting plants in this planting soil. Equipped with

The planting soil of the present invention is suitable for growing plants, and can be particularly preferably used for growing lawns. Lawns planted with the planting soil of the present invention grow well, with roots extending deep into the ground (long roots), long leaves, and a high rate of leaf appearance. Long roots of grass are particularly desirable in environments with high loads from players, such as soccer fields. Also, if the leaves are long, the leaves will grow horizontally, making it easier to expand the growing range. Furthermore, if the appearance rate of leaves is high, many leaves will grow and it will be easy to flourish.

Plants that can be planted in the planting soil of the present invention are not particularly limited, but grass, vegetables, ornamental plants, trees, etc. can be planted. Among these plants, grass is particularly preferred. Therefore, the planting soil of the present invention can be suitably used as bedding soil for lawns. The grass may be either warm-season grass species or cold-season grass species. Examples of warm-season grass species include bermuda grass, centipede grass, grass grass, bahia grass, and rose grass. Examples of cool-type grass species include bentgrasses such as creeping bentgrass, colonial bentgrass, and red top; bluegrasses such as Kentucky bluegrass; and fescues such as tall fescue, meadow fescue, creeping red fescue, chewing fescue, and hard fescue. , perennial ryegrass, annual ryegrass, orchard grass, timothy, reed canary grass, smooth blown grass, etc.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained based on Examples, but these do not limit the purpose of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

1. Production of soil improvement material for planting As a soil improvement material for planting (for indoor testing), purified water generated soil was sun-dried to a water content of 200% on the sun drying floor of the Yamada Water Purification Plant (Sasebo City Waterworks Bureau). "Shiba Tomo" (Example 1) was prepared by adjusting the particle size to 5 mm or less and the water content to 33.6% using as a raw material. Particle size and moisture content were adjusted manually using a sieve for indoor testing and a dryer. In addition, "Soirex" (Example 2) was manufactured using purified water soil that was mechanically dehydrated at the Anou Water Purification Plant (Kitakyushu City Waterworks Bureau) and adjusted to a particle size of 5 mm or less and a water content of 110%. Prepared. Furthermore, single-grain sand "Aomori Sand" (manufactured by Luna Sand Co., Ltd.) was prepared as soil.

Component analysis was performed on the ``Shiba Tomo'', ``Soirex'', and ``Aomori Suna'' prepared above. The results are shown in the table below.

The characteristics of "Shiba Tomo", "Soilex", and "Aomori Sand" prepared above were evaluated. The results are shown in the table below.

2. Production of Soil for Planting Planting soil was produced by mixing the above-mentioned turf, Soilex, and Aomori sand in a specific ratio, and its properties were evaluated. The results are shown in the table below.

3. Cultivation test using Moonlight SLT (Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) (1)
(1) Experimental conditions The experiment was conducted under the following conditions.
・Temperature: 20 degrees to 25 degrees Variable temperature condition (25 degrees from 9:00 to 17:00 and 20 degrees at other times.The artificial weather device is NK System artificial weather device (fluorescent lamp type) LH-241S (Nippon Medical Instruments) was used.
・Illuminance: 35,000 lux (Set from April 1st data from NEDO solar radiation database Tokyo.)
・Experiment period: April 26th to May 26th, 2018 ・Repetition: 3
- Seed used: Moonlight SLT (Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) was used. It is a variety of Kentucky bluegrass and was selected because it is suitable for sports fields, parks, and home lawns, and is especially suitable for areas prone to salt stress or low sunlight conditions. (Takii Seedling http://www.takii.co.jp/green/leaflet/moonlight.html, confirmed on September 1, 2018).
- Number of seeds per repetition: 180 g per 10 m ² was converted to the area of the vinyl chloride pipe used. The average number of 0.1773 seeds per sample was 605.
・Area of vinyl chloride pipe used for cultivation: 0.00985 m ² (5.6 x 5.6 x 3.14 cm)

(2) Method (a) Preparation of pot The preparation of a pot (planting test pot) will be explained with reference to FIG. FIG. 1(a) is a schematic diagram illustrating the method of assembling the pot. First, a vinyl chloride pipe was processed to produce a tube with an inner diameter of 107 mm and a height of 310 mm. Next, cut a triangular kitchen corner net (thin mesh that does not allow materials to pass through) to match the size of the bottom of the pot bottom cap with a hole of 5 mm in diameter, and insert it into the tube. , completed a pot for growing tests. We prepared 45 sets of these.

Next, the method of filling the test soil into the pot will be explained. FIG. 1(b) is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of filling test soil into a pot. In order to ensure sufficient illuminance on the surface of the test soil, the finished height was defined as 10 mm below the top of the tube. Since there is a play of about 10 mm between the tube and the pot bottom cap, use the following method to place each soil material into a planting test pot with a height of 320 mm and an inner diameter of 107 mm so that the height is 310 mm from the bottom. Filling and compaction was performed in layers.
- Step 1: 1,000 ml of the material to be filled was measured using a measuring cup, and the material was poured into a planting test pot so as to be flat.
・Process 2: Using a rammer tester, the material was compacted by performing 6 drops and rolling.
Following the diagram, paying attention to the falling position of the rammer, compaction was performed so that the height of the lower stage was 110 mm, the middle stage was 100 mm, and the upper stage was 100 mm.
- The operations of Steps 1 and 2 above were repeated twice for each layer, and the material was filled to a height of 310 mm. In addition, if there is a difference in sinking depending on the test soil during compaction, create the required amount of planting test pots by adjusting the amount of test soil as described above to maintain a height of 310 mm. did.

(b) Grass growth test A grass growth test was conducted using the pots prepared above. A triangular polypropylene corner mesh bag (Dustman 1211K3, Kureha Co., Ltd.) cut into a circle according to the inner diameter was placed at the bottom of the pot to prevent cultivation soil from leaking.
After that, they were filled with five types of cultivation soil. Aomori sand as a control (comparative example 1), A (Example 2-2): Aomori sand 70% Soilex 30%, B (Example 2-1): Aomori sand 80% Soilex 20%, C (Example 2-2): Aomori sand 80% Soilex 20%, 1-2): 70% Aomori sand, 30% grass, and D (Example 1-1): 80% Aomori sand, 20% grass.

Each cultivation soil was compacted six times using a rammer so that it was 1 cm from the top of the pot. Seeds were sown on top of the cultivation soil, lightly sprinkled with cultivation soil from above, and thoroughly drained with water and sprinkled. During the cultivation period, water was sprinkled once every two days to keep the top well moist. Since the inside of the incubator was extremely dry, a plastic bag (280 mm x 370 mm, 0.05 mm thick) was placed over the top of the pot to reduce evaporation from the cultivation soil. The plastic bags were removed after germination. The lower part of the pot was covered with aluminum foil (My Foil (manufactured by UACJ Foil Co., Ltd.)) to serve as a water receptacle.

Figure 2 shows the structure of leaves in turfgrass buds; (a) is a senescent leaf, (b) is a mature leaf, (c) is a fully opened leaf, and (d) is an emerging leaf. (e) shows an immature leaf surrounded by an older leaf. Referring to this diagram, determine the germination rate, length of the underground part (tap root), height of the above-ground part (the highest point of the above-ground part of the plant; assuming the standard of mowing with a lawn mower), (b), The lengths of the first, second, and third leaves in (c) and (d) were measured in order from the longest leaf. The length was measured with an electronic caliper (Shinwa Digital Caliper 19975 (Shinwa Measurement Co., Ltd.)). Regarding the results, the Kruskal Wallis test was used for comparison between treatments, and the Steel-Dwass test was used for multiple comparisons. The statistical software used was Excel Statistics 2012 (Social Information Service Co., Ltd.). We also took photographs of the germination status of Moonlight (Figure 3).
(Figure 2: Quoted from Figure 2-8 on page 39 of A.J. Turgeon (2009) “Turf Grass Management 8th Edition” translated by Yukio Ueno, Golf Digest, ISBN 978-4-7728-4105-4C3045)

(3) Results Germination rate for each treatment, length of the underground part (tap root), height of the above-ground part (the highest point of the above-ground part of the plant), first leaf, second leaf, third leaf, The length of the first leaf is shown below. All results represent the mean and standard deviation of three replicates.

FIG. 4(a) shows a graph of the germination rate. Although a difference in germination rate was observed between treatments (Kruskal Wallis P<0.05), the results of multiple comparisons were not significant. For Aomori Sand, A, and B, pots with germination rates of 10% or less were observed. For C and D, the germination rate exceeded 30%.

FIG. 4(b) shows a graph of root length (mm). A significant difference in taproot length was observed (Kruskal Wallis P<0.05). As a result of multiple comparisons, A had the shortest taproot length and D had the longest length (Scheffe P<0.05). D grew over 10 cm after one month of cultivation.

FIG. 4(c) shows a graph of the total length. No statistically significant difference in total length was observed (Kruskal Wallis P=0.13). The average total length was 1.17 to 1.36 times larger in treatments A to D compared to Aomori sand.

FIG. 5(a) shows a graph of the length of the first leaf. No statistically significant difference was observed in the length of the first leaf (Kruskal Wallis P=0.14). The average length of the first leaf was 1.12 to 1.33 times larger in treatments A to D than in Aomori sand.

FIG. 5(b) shows a graph of the length of the second leaf. No statistically significant difference was observed in the length of the second leaf (Kruskal Wallis P=0.09). The average length of the second leaf was 1.61 to 1.82 times larger in treatments A to D compared to Aomori sand.

FIG. 5(c) shows a graph of the length of the third leaf. No statistically significant difference was observed in the length of the third leaf (Kruskal Wallis P=0.61). The average length of the third leaf varied depending on the treatment, being less than 3 times as long in A and B as compared to Aomori sand, but 11 times as long in C and over 8 times as long in D.

Root length is an important factor in sports turfgrass. This time, regarding the length of the taproot, the best results were obtained with treatment D: cultivation soil with 80% Aomori sand and 20% grass. Although no significant difference was observed due to large variations, there was a tendency for the germination rate to be better in the soil mixed with grass than in the soil mixed with Soylex. In addition, in terms of overall growth after germination, there was a tendency for the cultivation soil mixed with grass to be better.

4. Cultivation test results using Riviera (Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) (1) Experimental conditions The experiment was conducted under the following conditions.
-Temperature: 15 degrees (June 6th to June 22nd) and 20 degrees (June 23rd to September 16th). The artificial weather device used was an NK System artificial weather device (fluorescent lamp type) LH-241S (Nippon Medical Instruments).
・Illuminance: 35,000 lux (both temperature and illumination are set from April 1st data from the NEDO solar radiation database Tokyo)
・Experiment period: June 6th to September 16th, 2017 ・Repetition: 4
・Seeds used: Riviera (Takii Seedlings) was used. Riviera is a type of bermudagrass. It was selected because it is used for golf course tees, fairways, roughs, sports fields and schoolyards, parks, home lawns, riverbeds and embankments, road slopes, and to prevent flying sand.
・Number of seeds sown per repetition: Converted from "100 g per 10 m ² " to the area of the vinyl chloride pipe used. The average number of seeds of 0.0985 g for 20 samples was 236 seeds. Area of vinyl chloride pipe used for cultivation: 0.00985 m ² (5.6 x 5.6 x 3.14 cm)

(2) Method (a) Preparation of pot A pot was prepared using the method explained in "(a) Preparation of pot" in "3. Cultivation test using Moonlight SLT (Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) (1)" above. did.
(b) Grass growth test A grass growth test was conducted using the pots prepared above. A triangular polypropylene corner mesh bag (Dustman 1211K3, Kureha Co., Ltd.) cut into a circle according to the inner diameter was placed at the bottom of the pot to prevent cultivation soil from leaking.
After that, they were filled with five types of cultivation soil. Aomori sand as a control (comparative example 1), A (Example 2-2): Aomori sand 70% Soilex 30%, B (Example 2-1): Aomori sand 80% Soilex 20%, C (Example 2-2): Aomori sand 80% Soilex 20%, 1-2): 70% Aomori sand, 30% grass, and D (Example 1-1): 80% Aomori sand, 20% grass. A total of 20 pots were prepared, each with 4 repetitions.

Each cultivation soil was compacted six times using a rammer so that it was 1 cm from the top of the pot. Seeds were sown on top of the cultivation soil, lightly sprinkled with cultivation soil from above, and thoroughly drained with water and sprinkled. During the cultivation period, water was sprinkled once every two days to keep the top well moist. Because the inside of the incubator was extremely dry, we covered the top of the pot with a plastic bag (280 mm x 370 mm, 0.05 mm thick) to reduce evaporation from the cultivation soil (we covered it with plastic on June 23rd, and on August 25th (removed). The lower part of the pot was covered with aluminum foil (My Foil (manufactured by UACJ Foil Co., Ltd.)) to serve as a water receptacle.

After measuring the germination rate and the length of the underground part (tap root), the dorsal root part was separated and the wet weight of the above ground part was measured. The length of the taproot was measured with an electronic caliper (Shinwa Digital Caliper 19975 (Shinwa Measurement Co., Ltd.)). The wet weight of the above-ground part was measured using an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.1 mg (precision balance AZ214, Sartorius). Regarding the results, the Kruskal Wallis test was used for comparison between treatments, and the Steel-Dwass test was used for multiple comparisons. The statistical software used was Excel Statistics 2012 (Social Information Service Co., Ltd.).

(3) Results The germination rate, underground part (tap root) length, and wet weight of the aboveground part are shown for each treatment. The results show the germination percentage as the average value and standard deviation of 4 replicates. As for the length of the taproot, the value of all germinated seedlings was used because the germination rate was low. The wet weight of the aboveground part was shown as the average value and standard deviation of 4 replicates as the total value for each pot.
The germination rate was the lowest when Aomori sand was used as the cultivation soil, and some pots did not germinate at all.

FIG. 6(a) shows a graph of the germination rate. No statistical difference in germination rate was observed (Kruskal Wallis P=0.13) (N=4). Riviera germination rates were highly variable in all treatments A to D. However, the average germination rate in all treatments was 3.71 to 6.43 times greater than Aomori sand.

Figure 6(b) shows the length (mm) of the taproot. Significant differences in taproot length were observed (Kruskal Wallis P<0.05, Steel-Dwass P<0.05). (Aomori sand; N=6, A; N=26, B; N=56, C; N=40, D; N=51)
The length of the underground part (tap root) was significantly longer in the cultivation soil using C and D grass.

Figure 6(c) shows the wet weight (mg) of the aboveground part. A significant difference was observed in the weight of aboveground parts (Kruskal Wallis P<0.01), but the results of multiple comparisons were not significant. The weight of the above-ground part was 11 to 50 times greater in the cultivation soil using Shiba Tomo than in the cultivation soil using Aomori sand and Soilex.

Based on the results of this cultivation test, cultivation soil using sod was considered to be the most suitable for the growth of Riviera. Although no statistical difference was observed, the length of the taproot was on average 18 mm longer when the mixture ratio was 30% than when it was 20%. If the goal is to spread the roots of grass as long as possible, it may be necessary to consider the ratio of grass and grass mixture in the future.

5. Cultivation test using Moonlight SLT (Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) (2)
(1) Experimental conditions The same conditions as "(1) Experimental conditions" in "3. Cultivation test using Moonlight SLT (Takii Seeds Co., Ltd.) (1)" above were used. However, the following points are different.
・Experiment period: June 25, 2019 to July 30, 2019 ・Number of seeds sown per repetition: 180 g per 10 m ² was converted to the area of the vinyl chloride pipe used. The average number of seeds of 0.1773 g for 15 samples was 530 seeds.

(2) Method A pot was produced using the same method as in "(2) Method" in "3. Cultivation test using Moonlight SLT (Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) (1)" above. The five types of cultivation soil were Aomori sand as a control (Comparative Example 1), A (Example 2-2): Aomori sand 70% Soilex 30%, and B (Example 2-1): Aomori sand 80% Soilex. 20%, C (Example 1-2): Aomori sand 70%, grass and 30%, D (Example 1-1): Aomori sand 80%, grass and 20%.

With reference to Figure 2, germination rate, length of underground part (tap root), first leaf (corresponding to (b)), second leaf (corresponding to (C)), and third leaf. The length (corresponding to (d)) was measured. The length was measured with an electronic caliper (Shinwa Digital Caliper 19975, Shinwa Measurement Co., Ltd.). In addition, the appearance rate of the second leaf and the appearance rate of the third leaf were calculated. Analysis of variance was used to compare the results between treatments, and Tukey's HSD test was used for multiple comparisons. However, a non-parametric test was performed only on the appearance rate of the second leaf for which homoscedasticity could not be ensured by Levene's homoscedasticity test. IBM SPSS23 Statistics Base was used as the statistical software.

(3) Results Germination rate for each treatment, length of underground part (tap root), length of first leaf (corresponding to (b)), length of second leaf (corresponding to (C)) , the length of the third leaf (corresponding to (d)) is shown below. All results represent the mean and standard deviation of three replicates. Next, the appearance rate of the second leaf and the appearance rate of the third leaf are shown.

FIG. 7(a) shows a graph of germination rate (%). A significant difference in germination rate was observed between treatments (One-Way ANOVA, P<0.05). Aomori sand had the lowest germination rate. All of A, B, C, and D had high germination rates (Tukey's HSD, P<0.05).

FIG. 7(b) shows a graph of root length (mm). Although no significant difference in taproot length was observed due to large variation within treatments (One-Way ANOVA P = 0.479), treatment C had an average value 1.3 times that of Aomori sand. Ta.

FIG. 7(c) shows a graph of the length of the first leaf. A statistically significant difference was observed in the length of the first leaf (One-Way ANOVA, P<0.05). In all treatments A, B, C, and D, the first leaf length was 1.6 to 1.7 times longer than Aomori sand (Tukey's HSD, P<0.05).

FIG. 8(a) shows a graph of the length of the second leaf. A statistically significant difference was observed in the length of the second leaf (One-Way ANOVA, P<0.05). In all treatments A, B, C, and D, the second leaf length was 2.1 to 2.5 times longer than Aomori sand (Tukey's HSD, P<0.05).

FIG. 8(b) shows a graph of the length of the third leaf. A statistically significant difference was observed in the length of the third leaf (One-Way ANOVA, P<0.05). Aomori sand had the shortest leaf length, followed by treatments A and B, and treatments C and D had the longest leaf length (Tukey's HSD, P<0.05). The difference was about twice that of Aomori sand in treatments A and B, and 2.9 times and 2.7 times that of Aomori sand in treatments C and D, respectively.

FIG. 8(c) shows a graph of the appearance rate (%) of the second leaf. The appearance rate of the second leaf was high in all treatments, and no significant difference was observed (Kruskal wallis P=0.05).

FIG. 9(a) shows a graph of the appearance rate (%) of the third leaf. A significant difference in the appearance rate of the third leaf was observed depending on the treatment (One-Way ANOVA, P<0.05). C
Treatments with and D had a higher appearance rate than Aomori sand, A, and B (Tukey's HSD, P<0.05).

In this experiment, no statistical difference was observed in the germination rate and taproot length, but the length of the first leaf and the length of the second leaf were higher in the purified water-generated soil than in the Aomori sand. It was suggested that treatments A to D using A to D were longer and had more growth. Furthermore, regarding the appearance rate and leaf length of the third leaf, treatments C and D were statistically the highest, and it was found that the growth of the aboveground part was better compared to treatments A and B. In this experiment, the growth of turfgrass was better in the cultivation soil using purified water soil than in Aomori sand, and regarding the growth of the above-ground part, the growth was better in the cultivation soil mixed with turf (C and D). It was a trend.

Claims (8)

A soil improvement material for planting made of purified water generated soil obtained by drying sludge from a water treatment plant,
The sludge contains negatively charged clay and a flocculant that has a positive charge and reacts with the negatively charged clay to neutralize it,
The purified water generated soil is composed of aggregated soil having an average particle size of 10 mm or less in which a plurality of particles are aggregated, has a water content of 20 to 150% by mass, and is obtained by drying the sludge in the sun. ,
A soil improvement material for planting, characterized in that it uses only the sludge as a raw material and does not add any chemicals . As a result of analyzing the purified water generated soil using a fertilizer analysis method, it was found that iron (III) oxide was 1.0 to 10.0% by mass, phosphorus pentoxide was 0.05 to 2.0% by mass, and calcium oxide was 0.05% by mass. Contains ~2.0% by mass, 0.05% to 2.0% by mass of magnesium oxide, 0.01% to 2.0% by mass of potassium oxide, and as a result of analysis in accordance with the soil nutrient analysis method, aluminum oxide The soil improvement material for planting according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 1.0 to 10.0% by mass. A method for producing a soil improvement material for planting according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of drying the sludge generated in the water purification plant in the sun to turn it into purified water generation soil;
A method for producing a soil improvement material for planting, comprising the step of adjusting the particle size of aggregated soil contained in the purified water generated soil. A planting soil comprising the planting soil improving material according to claim 1 or 2 , and soil and/or sand. The planting soil according to claim 4, characterized in that the planting soil improving material is contained in an amount of 10 to 50% by volume. The planting soil according to claim 4, wherein the planting soil is lawn bedding soil. A method for producing soil for planting, comprising mixing the soil improving material for planting according to claim 1 or 2 with earth and sand consisting of soil and/or sand. A step of manufacturing soil for planting by mixing the soil improvement material for planting according to claim 1 or 2 and earth and sand consisting of soil and/or sand;
A planting method comprising the step of planting plants in the planting soil.

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