JP7365976B2 - コールドスタート時のnox除去のための酸化鉄触媒のマイクロ波合成 - Google Patents
コールドスタート時のnox除去のための酸化鉄触媒のマイクロ波合成 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7365976B2 JP7365976B2 JP2020121495A JP2020121495A JP7365976B2 JP 7365976 B2 JP7365976 B2 JP 7365976B2 JP 2020121495 A JP2020121495 A JP 2020121495A JP 2020121495 A JP2020121495 A JP 2020121495A JP 7365976 B2 JP7365976 B2 JP 7365976B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001089 mineralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021314 NaFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- UDJMEHOEDIAPCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Na+] UDJMEHOEDIAPCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005216 hydrothermal crystallization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 174
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002483 Cu Ka Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021260 NaFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013025 ceria-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/344—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy
- B01J37/346—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy of microwave energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/06—Washing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本明細書中に記載される背景説明は、本開示の背景にある状況の概括的な提示を目的とするものである。本明細書中において名前が挙げられている発明者らの研究成果が当該背景説明部分に記載されていた場合にはその記載内容と、その記載内容に記載されいていて出願時に先行技術として認定され得ない態様とは、いずれも、明示または黙示を問わず、本開示に係る技術に対する先行技術とは認められない。
この節では、本開示の概括的な概要が示されるが、これは、本開示の全範囲または全特徴を総括的に開示するものではない。
本開示の教示によって、内燃機関の排気ガス流中の窒素酸化物(NOx)を短期間吸蔵し、続いて脱着するための(最終的には還元/除去するための)、向上させた、鉄系触媒、およびその作製方法が提供される。
2NO2→N2+2O2 (II)
直接分解反応は、一般的に、拮抗する生成物生成による反応とは区別され得る。たとえば、具体例として反応IIIおよびIVなどの不完全な分解反応では、窒素ガスではなく、望ましくない亜酸化窒素が生成する。
4NO2→2N2O+3O2 (IV)
同様に、多様な選択触媒還元(SCR)反応が、アンモニアまたはアルカンなどのガス状の還元剤の存在下において生じ得て、反応V~VIIIに例示されるように、酸素ガスではなく、水、または水および二酸化炭素が生成し得る。
2NO2+4NH3+O2→3N2+6H2O (VI)、
NO+CH4+O2→N2+CO2+2H2O (VII)、および
2NO2+2CH4+2O2→N2+2CO2+2H2O (VIII)
酸素が存在すると、NOxは、たとえば反応IX中に示されるように、酸化もされ得る。
酸化窒素を含有するガス流に触媒が曝露されているような制御された反応条件下においては、主に反応IおよびIVのいずれか、または両方が生じ得るが、反応IおよびIVによってO2が生成されると、これに続いて反応IXも生じ得る。反応を組み合わせたものが、反応Xに示される。
いくつかの実装形態において、吸蔵部材110と変換触媒120とは、互いから空間的に分離されていてよい。このような実装形態においては、吸蔵部材110と変換触媒120とは、分離空間130によって分離されていてよい。このような分離空間が存在する場合、この分離空間の中は実質的に空であってよい、または多孔質の、ガス透過性の、もしくは他の好適な材料が入っていてもよい。
酸化鉄ナノ粒子触媒の形成
2種の酸化鉄触媒を調製する、すなわち、1つは溶媒として水を用いてFe3O4粒子を得て、もう1つは溶媒としてエタノールを用いてNaFeO2粒子を得る。
水およびエタノールを使用して調製した2種の酸化鉄触媒(Fe3O4およびNaFeO2)について、それぞれ、質量分析器が接続されたNetzsch熱重量分析装置において、NOx吸蔵実験を行なう。吸蔵させる前に、各酸化鉄触媒材料を、Arの存在下において約600℃の温度に加熱することによって、不純物の吸着があればこれを除去する、という前処理を行なう。前処理後、温度を約100℃に下げる。1.5%NO平衡Heを使用し、約100℃において約30分間かけて、NOx吸蔵を行なう。NOx吸蔵段階の終了後、Heの存在下において温度を100℃から600℃に上げて、NOを脱着させる。
Claims (9)
- マイクロ波水熱合成を使用する、鉄系触媒の作製方法であって、
硝酸鉄(III)(Fe(NO3)3)を有機溶媒中に溶解して、溶液を得る工程と、
水酸化ナトリウムを含むアルカリ性無機化剤を用いて前記溶液を中和することにより、沈殿を得る工程と、
前記溶液を前記沈殿と共にマイクロ波放射に供することにより、温度勾配および水熱結晶化プロセスを引き起こして、合成産物を得る工程と、
前記無機化剤から前記合成産物を分離する工程と、
前記合成産物を洗浄および乾燥することにより、酸化鉄ナトリウム(NaFeO2)触媒の粒子を得る工程とを含み、
前記有機溶媒はエタノールを含む、方法。 - 前記無機化剤は、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化アンモニウム、および炭酸アンモニウムのうち少なくとも1種をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒は、プロパノール、ブタノール、およびエチレングリコールのうち少なくとも1種をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水熱結晶化プロセスを約160℃の温度において約10分間行なうことを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒は、硝酸鉄(III)と、硝酸コバルト、硝酸ニッケル、硝酸銅、および硝酸亜鉛からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属硝酸塩とを含む混合金属硝酸塩溶質を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒中に前記硝酸鉄(III)と共に硝酸コバルトを溶解することを含み、コバルトが、鉄に対するモル比として約1:2~約1:3の範囲内にて存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒中に前記硝酸鉄(III)と共に硝酸ニッケルを溶解することを含み、ニッケルが、鉄に対するモル比として約1:2~約1:3の範囲内にて存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒中に前記硝酸鉄(III)と共に硝酸銅を溶解することを含み、銅が、鉄に対するモル比として約1:2~約1:3の範囲内にて存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒中に前記硝酸鉄(III)と共に硝酸亜鉛を溶解することを含み、亜鉛が、鉄に対するモル比として約1:2~約1:3の範囲内にて存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
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