JP7349344B2 - Control device for power usage equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a control device for power utilization equipment that is equipped with a power output device such as a generator and is connected to an external power system so as to be able to send and receive power.

In recent years, electric utilities that have jurisdiction over external power systems, such as commercial power systems, have been increasing the amount of electricity that is supplied from the external power system to power-using equipment, such as factories, that use power from the external power system. Requests may be made to reduce the amount of received power (power received). On the other hand, the power usage equipment that has suppressed the received power receives compensation (for example, a discount on the power rate) from the electric utility company. Such a transaction is called a negawatt transaction based on demand response.

Moreover, as power utilization equipment, power utilization equipment equipped with a power output device such as a prime mover generator or a storage battery is known. When performing negawatt trading in such power usage equipment, the power usage equipment increases the amount of power output from the power output device to reduce the amount of power supplied to the power usage equipment from the external power grid (demand response). It becomes possible to cover the requested amount (hereinafter referred to as DR requested amount).

However, the power supplied to the load changes depending on the load condition. Therefore, in order to appropriately control the power transferred to and received from the external power system (to prevent the amount of suppression from falling below the DR request amount), it is necessary to control the output power of the power output device according to the load situation.

From this perspective, in Patent Document 1 below, when a demand response request (DR request) is made in a system equipped with a storage battery, a received power bias value is added to the actual received power to generate a virtual The received power is calculated, and a command value for the system output output from the storage battery is generated based on the virtual received power instead of the actual received power.

However, in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to switch the control mode depending on whether or not there is a DR request. Further, in Patent Document 1, a command value (power value) of a system output output from a storage battery is calculated. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the current value of the system output. For this reason, in a power utilization facility equipped with a plurality of power output devices, it is necessary to measure each output value and calculate each command value.

In addition, when trying to apply the aspect of Patent Document 1 to power utilization equipment that uses a generator such as a prime mover generator instead of a storage battery, when calculating the system output command value, the prime mover generator that has a slow response It becomes necessary to set a command value that takes into account the responsiveness of the If responsiveness is not taken into account, the output of the generator will not be able to follow the command value, and there is a risk that the control will diverge. Further, in a power utilization facility including a plurality of power output devices with different characteristics, it is necessary to consider the responsiveness of each device, and it is not easy to apply the aspect of Patent Document 1 to such a system.

Regarding this, Patent Document 2 below discloses a control mode that takes into consideration the characteristics of each of a plurality of generators, but it is still necessary to control each of the plurality of generators individually. It becomes necessary to design control parameters for each machine.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-160949 International Publication No. 2015/098083

As described above, the control modes of Patent Documents 1 and 2 cannot be easily applied to control of power utilization equipment equipped with various types of power output devices. Further, the above-mentioned problems may occur not only in the control of the power output device in response to a DR request, but also in various control situations of the power output device, such as electricity sales.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is to provide power utilization equipment equipped with a power output device with a simple configuration and without considering the responsiveness of the power output device. It is an object of the present invention to provide a control device for power utilization equipment that can appropriately control the power transmitted and received by the utilization equipment to and from an external power system to a target value.

A control device for power utilization equipment in one aspect of the present invention includes at least one power output device, and the at least one power output device is capable of transmitting and receiving power to and from an external power system via a connection point. A power deviation calculation that is a control device for connected power utilization equipment, which acquires the transmitted and received power measured at the connection point, and calculates a power deviation by subtracting the acquired transmitted and received power from a predetermined target value of transmitted and received power. and a command generation unit that generates a command to increase or decrease the output power of the at least one power output device based on the power deviation, and the command generation unit is configured such that the power deviation is within a predetermined first threshold. If the power deviation is equal to or greater than the value, generate a decrease command to decrease the output power, and if the power deviation is less than a second threshold that is equal to or less than the first threshold, generate an increase command to increase the output power. configured to do so.

According to the above configuration, the power delivered and received at the connection point between the power output device and the external power system is measured, and when the power deviation from the target value of power delivered and received is equal to or greater than the first threshold, the output power of the power output device is and the output power of the power output device increases when the power deviation is less than a second threshold that is less than or equal to the first threshold. Thereby, the power output device increases or decreases the power within a possible range based on its own responsiveness. In this way, by increasing or decreasing the power output by the power output device according to the power deviation between the transfer power and the transfer power target value, the transfer and reception power can be adjusted regardless of the load status (fluctuation) in the power usage equipment. Can be maintained at target value. Further, even when a plurality of power output devices are connected to a connection point, it is not necessary to measure the output power of each power output device individually, so the system configuration of the power utilization equipment can be simplified. Therefore, in a power utilization facility equipped with a power output device, with a simple configuration, the power transferred and received from the power utilization facility to the external power system can be appropriately controlled to the target value without considering the responsiveness of the power output device. can do.

The control device includes a power deviation correction unit that corrects the power deviation by adding a power correction value to the power deviation, and the power deviation correction unit is configured to calculate the amount of transferred and received power obtained by integrating the transferred and received power and the amount of power transferred and received. a power amount deviation calculation unit that calculates a power amount target value for transmission and reception obtained by integrating target power amount for transmission and reception, and calculates a power amount deviation of the power amount for transmission and reception with respect to the target value for power amount for transmission and reception; a correction value generation unit that generates a power correction value, and predetermining the integration of the transferred and received power to obtain the transferred and received power amount and the integration of the transferred and received power target value to obtain the transferred and received power amount target value. It may be reset every second unit time. According to such a configuration, by adding a power correction value based on the amount of transferred and received power to the power deviation based on the measured transferred and received power, the accumulation of minute deviations that may occur when only the instantaneous value of transferred and received power is controlled can be reduced. can be corrected. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately control the amount of power transferred and received for each second unit time so that it becomes the target amount of power transferred and received.

The correction value generation unit generates the power correction value such that the power deviation increases when the power amount deviation is equal to or higher than the third predetermined threshold; The power correction value may be generated such that the power deviation decreases when the power deviation is less than a fourth threshold value. According to this, it is not necessary to measure the output power of the power output device even when generating a correction value based on the power amount deviation, so that the system configuration of the power utilization equipment can be simplified.

The third threshold value and the fourth threshold value are different values, and the correction value generation unit determines that when the power amount deviation is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value and less than the third threshold value, , the power correction value may be set to zero.

The first threshold value and the second threshold value are different values, and the command generation unit is configured to generate a A maintenance command may be generated to maintain the output power. Thereby, by adding the maintenance command to the decrease command and increase command as commands for the output power, it is possible to further stabilize the output power from the power output device.

The power deviation calculation unit may calculate the target value of the power to be transferred and received by subtracting the amount of adjustment request for the power to be transferred and received from the planned value of the power to be transferred and received for each predetermined first unit time. Alternatively, the power exchange target value may be a power selling target value for each first unit time.

The power utilization equipment may include a plurality of power output devices, and the plurality of power output devices may be connected to the external power system via the common connection point.

The at least one power output device may include a generator. Additionally, the at least one power output device may include a storage battery.

According to the present invention, by having the above configuration, in the power utilization equipment equipped with the power output device, the power transferred and received from the power utilization equipment to the external power system can be set to the target value without considering the responsiveness of the power output device. can be appropriately controlled so that

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power system including power utilization equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic graph illustrating demand response in negawatt trading. FIG. 3 is a schematic graph showing an example of a case where a difference occurs between the baseline and actual demand in the demand response shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a control block of the control device shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a schematic graph when the power transfer control according to the present embodiment is performed in the demand response shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a more specific configuration of the power deviation correction section shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 7 is a graph showing simulation results when control according to this embodiment is performed. FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the actual suppressed power amount with the DR required power amount based on the simulation results of FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing simulation results in a comparative example. FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the actual suppressed power amount with the DR required power amount based on the simulation results of FIG. 9 . FIG. 11 is a graph showing a case where the output power of the power output device is sold in this embodiment. FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the control block of the control device shown in FIG. 1 when the sold electric power is a positive value. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the input/output relationship of the correction value generation section shown in FIG. 6.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, below, the same reference numerals are given to the same or equivalent element throughout all the figures, and the redundant explanation will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power system including power utilization equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the power utilization facility 1 includes a plurality of power output devices 2i (i=1, 2,...n; n=3 in the example of FIG. 1). The plurality of power output devices 2i are connected to an external power system 4 via a connection point 3. A load 5 provided in the power utilization equipment 1 is also connected to the connection point 3 . Furthermore, the power utilization equipment 1 includes a power meter 8 that measures the power RP transferred and received at the connection point 3.

As a result, the power utilization equipment 1 can exchange power with the external power system 4 via the common connection point 3. That is, it is possible to receive power from the external power system 4 and supply power to the load 5 . It is also possible to supply the power output from the plurality of power output devices 2i to the load 5 or to transmit (sell) the power to the external power system 4.

The power utilization facility 1 includes a control device 6 that controls a plurality of power output devices 2i. Note that, instead of this, the control device 6 may be provided independently of the power utilization equipment 1. The control device 6 includes, for example, a computer such as a microcontroller or a personal computer. Further, the control device 6 includes a storage unit (not shown) that stores control programs and various data.

The external power system 4 is, for example, a commercial power system. The power utilization facility 1 is, for example, a factory. The power output device 2i is, for example, a generator. Generators include, for example, prime mover generators such as steam turbines, gas turbines, gas engines, diesel engines, and the like. The power output device 2i may be a power storage device (a secondary battery, a capacitor, etc.). The plurality of power output devices 2i may include a plurality of types of generators having different power generation efficiency, power generation cost, response performance, and the like. Furthermore, the plurality of power output devices 2i may include both a generator and a power storage device.

Note that a power generation facility (not shown) independent of the control device 6 may be connected to the connection point 3. Such power generation equipment is, for example, power generation equipment using renewable energy such as solar power generation equipment. Since such power generation equipment cannot adjust the generated power, it is not controlled by the control device 6. Note that renewable energy refers to natural energy such as solar power, water power, wind power, and geothermal power. Further, even if the power output device is a power output device whose generated power can be adjusted by the control device 6, such as a prime mover generator, there may be a power output device that is not controlled by the control device 6.

Below, the control mode of the control device 6 during negawatt trading will be illustrated. FIG. 2 is a schematic graph illustrating demand response in negawatt trading. The horizontal axis in the graph of FIG. 2 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates power demand.

The storage unit of the control device 6 stores baseline BL data. The baseline BL indicates a predetermined power transfer plan value for each first unit time. The baseline BL may be created based on, for example, an average of the demand amount (actual value) for each first unit time (time slot) for the most recent several days for each first unit time slot. However, the method for determining the baseline BL is not particularly limited, and various methods are envisioned. The first unit time is, for example, 30 minutes, but is not particularly limited.

The baseline BL data is sent in advance to the aggregator 7, which is the demand response (DR) requester. The aggregator 7 transmits the transfer/reception power adjustment request amount (DR request amount) RQ to the control device 6 of the corresponding power utilization facility 1 based on the baseline BL sent from the power utilization facility 1 . The data of the DR request amount RQ transmitted to the control device 6 includes information on the target time period (DR request period) TDR. In the example of FIG. 2, demand suppression for RQ is requested between 12:00 and 17:00. Note that the baseline BL data may be calculated by the aggregator 7 based on past demand and notified to the power utilization facility 1.

The aggregator 7 monitors the exchanged power RP at the connection point 3 between the power utilization equipment 1 and the external power system 4 during the DR request period TDR. Note that, in this embodiment, the transmitted and received power takes a positive value when the power utilization equipment 1 receives power supply from the external power system 4. The aggregator 7 determines whether the actual demand (transfer/reception power) RP at the power utilization facility 1 is the power obtained by subtracting the DR request amount RQ from the baseline BL (RP = BL - RQ in the DR request period TDR) (demand response has been achieved). (or not). If the aggregator 7 determines that the demand response has been achieved (if the DR request amount is suppressed by the amount RQ), the aggregator 7 gives a predetermined consideration to the power usage equipment 1, and if the demand response has not been achieved, the aggregator 7 , requests a predetermined penalty from the power utilization equipment 1.

As described above, the baseline BL is set based on, for example, the past actual value of the transmitted and received power RP. However, since the actual demand for the load 5 changes day by day, the demand for the load 5 at the time of executing the demand response does not necessarily match the baseline BL. Therefore, a case may arise in which demand response cannot be achieved simply by additionally outputting the power corresponding to the DR request amount RQ by the power output device 2i.

FIG. 3 is a schematic graph showing an example of a case where a difference occurs between the baseline and actual demand in the demand response shown in FIG. In the example of FIG. 3, the power required by the power utilization facility 1 during the DR request period TDR is increased from the baseline BL (indicated as actual demand RL). In this case, in the DR request period TDR, simply by additionally outputting the power corresponding to the DR request amount RQ to the baseline BL from the power output device 2i, the transfer power RP is not as expected in advance with respect to the baseline BL. It is not possible to suppress the virtual demand (transfer/receive power target value) RPo. In other words, the result is that the DR request amount RQ cannot be suppressed by the increase in actual demand relative to the baseline BL (RL-BL). The shaded area in FIG. 3 represents the unachieved amount of power for the DR request.

In this way, it becomes necessary to adjust the output of the power output device 2i in response to the DR request in accordance with the actual demand. For this reason, the control device 6 in this embodiment includes a power deviation calculating section 61, a command generating section 62, and a power deviation correcting section 63 shown in FIG. 4, which will be described later, as control blocks.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a control block of the control device shown in FIG. 1. As described above, the storage unit of the control device 6 stores information on the baseline BL in advance. The control device 6 acquires information on the exchanged power RP at the connection point 3 measured by the power meter 8 . Further, the aggregator 7 transmits the DR request amount RQ to the control device 6. The control device 6 acquires information on the sent DR request amount RQ.

The power deviation calculation unit 61 calculates the transfer power target value RPo by subtracting the DR request amount RQ from the baseline BL. The power deviation calculation unit 61 calculates a power deviation ΔRP by subtracting the acquired transfer power RP from a predetermined transfer power target value RPo. Note that, as described later, the power deviation ΔRP is a value obtained by adding the power correction value RPc calculated by the power deviation correction unit 63 to RPo-RP, but the power correction value RPc is not taken into consideration for the time being.

The command generation unit 62 generates a command SC to increase or decrease the output power of the power output device 2i based on the power deviation ΔRP calculated by the power deviation calculation unit 61. The command SC generated by the command generation unit 62 is a status command including an increase command SCu, a decrease command SCd, and a maintenance command SCm. In this specification, the state command is a command for setting the power output device 2i to any one of the power output state of an output increase state, an output decrease state, or an output maintenance state, and includes a specific power output target value. Defined as a concept that does not exist.

The increase command SCu is a command to the power output device 2i to increase the output power (instantaneous value) (to put it into an output increasing state). For example, when the power output device 2i is a prime mover generator, the increase command SCu is a command for the governor of the prime mover to increase the generated power. Further, the reduction command SCd is a command for the power output device 2i to reduce the output power (instantaneous value) (put it in an output reduction state). For example, when the power output device 2i is a prime mover generator, the reduction command SCd is a command for the governor of the prime mover to reduce the generated power. Further, the maintenance command SCm is a command for the power output device 2i to maintain the output power (instantaneous value) (to put it in an output maintenance state). For example, when the power output device 2i is a prime mover generator, the maintenance command SCm is a command for causing the governor of the prime mover to maintain the generated power.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a command generation mode in the command generation section 62 as a graph. As shown in FIG. 4, the command generation unit 62 generates a reduction command SCd when the power deviation ΔRP is greater than or equal to the first predetermined threshold T1, and generates a reduction command SCd when the power deviation ΔRP is smaller than the first threshold T1. 2, an increase command SCu is generated. Further, the command generation unit 62 generates the maintenance command SCm when the power deviation ΔRP is greater than or equal to the second threshold T2 and less than the first threshold T1.

For example, the first threshold T1 is set to a predetermined positive value, and the second threshold T2 is set to a negative value of the same magnitude as the first threshold T1. Alternatively, the first threshold T1 may be set to a predetermined positive value, and the second threshold T2 may be set to a negative value different in magnitude from the first threshold T1. Furthermore, when a predetermined offset value is given to the power deviation ΔRP, the first threshold T1 and the second threshold T2 may both be positive values or both negative values.

The command SC generated by the command generation unit 62 is sent to each of the plurality of power output devices 2i. At this time, the command SC sent to each of the plurality of power output devices 2i is a common command. That is, there is no need to individually customize the command SC according to the output characteristics of the power output device 2i.

The command SC output from the command generation unit 62 may be composed of pulses that are output continuously, for example. In this case, the increase command SCu is configured to continuously output an output increase pulse (for example, a positive pulse). Further, the decrease command SCd is configured as a state in which output decrease pulses (for example, negative pulses) are continuously output. Further, the maintenance command SCm is configured as a state in which no pulses are output. Alternatively, three pulses having different pulse amplitudes or widths may be assigned to these commands SCu, SCd, and SCm.

Each power output device 2i that receives such a command SC performs output control according to the contents of the command SC. While receiving the increase command SCu, the power output device 2i continues to increase the output. While receiving the reduction command SCd, the power output device 2i continues to reduce the output. While receiving the maintenance command SCm, the power output device 2i continues to maintain the output. For example, when the power output device 2i is a generator, the output of the governor is adjusted according to the command SC.

At this time, each power output device 2i performs output control according to its own responsiveness. For example, the power output device 2i with a fast response increases the output at a high rate in response to the increase command SCu. The power output device 2i, which has a slow response, increases its output at a low rate in response to the increase command SCu. Therefore, even if the types of prime movers or the responsiveness of the plurality of power output devices 2i are different, the control device 6 controls one (common ) command SC should be output.

FIG. 5 is a schematic graph when the power transfer control according to the present embodiment is performed in the demand response shown in FIG. 3. In FIG. 5, the baseline BL and the DR request amount RQ requested by the aggregator 7 are the same as in FIG. 3. Further, in FIG. 5 as well, similarly to FIG. 3, the power (actual demand) RL required by the power utilization facility 1 during the DR request period TDR is increased from the baseline BL.

According to the present embodiment, the measured exchange power RP is controlled so as to match the exchange power target value RPo (=BL−RQ). That is, when the actual demand RL in the power utilization facility 1 increases from the baseline BL, the output power of the power output device 2i increases to compensate for the increased power. As a result, the power borne by the power output device 2i in the DR request period TDR with respect to the baseline BL becomes the power RQc obtained by adding the deviation of the actual demand RL with respect to the baseline BL to the DR request amount RQ. The amount of power at this time is indicated by the shaded area in FIG.

As is clear from FIG. 5, according to the above configuration, the power utilization equipment 1 Regardless of the load situation (fluctuation) at , the transfer power RP can be maintained at the transfer power target value RPo.

Furthermore, even though a plurality of power output devices 2i are connected to the connection point 3, it is not necessary to measure the output power of the power output devices 2i individually, so the system configuration in the power utilization equipment 1 is simplified. be able to. Furthermore, as described above, the command SC to the power output device 2i is only a simple increase command SCu, decrease command SCd, or maintenance command SCm, and the control device 6 controls the power output device 2i in consideration of the responsiveness, etc. There is no need to make any adjustments.

In the power output devices 2i, the power output device 2i with a fast response speed responds quickly to such a command SC, and the power output device 2i with a slow response speed responds slowly. Even if different power output devices 2i are provided, output power can be automatically shared among the plurality of power output devices 2i according to responsiveness. In other words, by connecting a plurality of power output devices 2i having different responsiveness to the common connection point 3, it is possible to easily adjust the power sharing. Different types of generators may be connected as the plurality of power output devices 2i having different responses, or a generator and a storage battery may be connected.

Furthermore, if there are a plurality of power output devices 2i, such as a power output device with a small amount of remaining power (for example, outputting near the rated power) and a power output device with a large amount of remaining power, in response to the increase command SCu, Since the power output device does not output power in excess of its rated power, it is possible to automatically increase the output power borne by the power output device with a large amount of surplus power.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the power utilization equipment 1 equipped with the power output device 2i, the external power system of the power utilization equipment 1 can be connected to the external power system with a simple configuration and without considering the responsiveness of the power output device 2i. It is possible to appropriately control the transfer power RP with respect to the transfer power RP to be the transfer power target value RPo.

Further, the command generation unit 62 does not need to acquire the output power of each power output device 2i or the power consumption of the load in order to generate the command SC. That is, the power utilization equipment 1 in this embodiment does not require a configuration to individually measure the output power of the power output device 2i or to measure the power consumption of the load. Therefore, the system configuration in the power utilization facility 1 can be simplified. Furthermore, even if it becomes necessary to change the equipment configuration in the power utilization facility 1, this can be done without changing the control.

Here, in the present embodiment, the command generation unit 62 generates the maintenance command SCm when the power deviation ΔRP is equal to or more than the second threshold T2 and less than the first threshold T1. That is, even if the power deviation ΔRP is not 0, the output power output from the power output device 2i is maintained. By creating such a dead zone (an area in which neither an increase command nor a decrease command is issued), it is possible to suppress frequent changes in the output power from the power output device 2i.

On the other hand, when the power deviation ΔRP is maintained between the first threshold T1 and the second threshold T2, the power deviation ΔRP continues to remain. Therefore, the control device 6 performs control based not only on the transferred and received power RP but also on the amount of transferred and received power. More specifically, the power deviation correction unit 63 of the control device 6 generates a power correction value based on the transmitted and received power amount, and uses the power correction value RPc to correct the power deviation ΔRP (ΔRP=RPo−RP+RPc). do).

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a more specific configuration of the power deviation correction section shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 6, the power deviation correction section 63 includes a power amount deviation calculation section 64 and a correction value generation section 67. The electric energy deviation calculation unit 64 calculates the exchanged electric energy RE obtained by integrating the exchanged electric power RP and the exchanged electric power target value REo obtained by integrating the exchanged electric power target value RPo, A power amount deviation ΔRE with respect to the amount target value REo is calculated. The electric energy deviation calculation unit 64 integrates the exchanged electric power RP to obtain the exchanged electric energy RE and the exchanged electric power target value RPo to obtain the exchanged electric energy target value REo every predetermined second unit time. Reset to .

In the present embodiment, the power amount deviation calculation section 64 includes a transfer and reception power amount calculation section 65 and a transfer and reception power amount target value calculation section 66. The exchange power amount calculation unit 65 calculates the exchange power amount RE by integrating the measured exchange power RP. The transfer/reception power amount target value calculation unit 66 calculates the transfer/reception power amount target value REo by integrating the transfer/reception power amount target values REo.

The transfer/reception power amount calculation section 65 and the transfer/reception power amount target value calculation section 66 are both configured with an integrator. That is, the exchange power amount calculation unit 65 integrates the input exchange power RP (instantaneous value). A reset signal Sr is input to the exchanged power amount calculation unit 65 every second unit time. The power deviation correction section 63 includes a timer 68 and outputs a reset signal Sr every second unit time. The exchange power amount calculation unit 65 resets the integration result every time it receives the reset signal Sr. The integrated value outputted as a result becomes the transferred and received power amount RE obtained by integrating the transferred and received power RP for the second unit time.

Similarly, the transfer/reception power amount target value calculation unit 66 integrates the input transfer/reception power target value RPo (instantaneous value). The reset signal Sr outputted from the timer 68 every second unit time is also input to the transfer/reception power amount target value calculation unit 66 . The exchange power amount target value calculation unit 66 resets the integration result every time it receives the reset signal Sr. The integrated value outputted as a result becomes the transfer/reception power amount target value REo obtained by integrating the transfer/reception power target value RPo for the second unit time.

Although the second unit time is not particularly limited, it is made to match the unit time (for example, 30 minutes) of the DR request amount RQ by the aggregator 7, for example. In this embodiment, the first unit time and the second unit time are the same time. The aggregator 7 evaluates the achievement of demand response every unit time.

The power amount deviation calculation unit 64 calculates the power amount deviation ΔRE by subtracting the transferred and received power amount RE from the transferred and received power amount target value REo. The correction value generation unit 67 generates a power correction value RPc from the power amount deviation ΔRE. More specifically, when the power amount deviation ΔRE is equal to or greater than the predetermined third threshold T3, the correction value generation unit 67 generates a power correction value RPc such that the power deviation ΔRP increases, and the power amount deviation ΔRE increases. If it is less than the fourth threshold T4, which is smaller than the third threshold T3, a power correction value RPc is generated such that the power deviation ΔRP is reduced. In this embodiment, the third threshold T3 is set to a predetermined positive value, and the fourth threshold T4 is set to a negative value of the same magnitude as the third threshold T3.

For example, if the power deviation ΔRP is maintained at a value greater than 0 and smaller than the first threshold T1, the power deviation ΔRE monotonically increases within the second unit time. When the power deviation ΔRE exceeds the third threshold T3, the correction value generation unit 67 generates a power correction value RPc such that the power deviation ΔRP increases. For example, a predetermined positive offset value Pch is given as the correction value RPc. The magnitude of the offset value Pch is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, greater than or equal to the first threshold value T1.

As a result, the corrected power deviation ΔRP input to the command generation unit 62 exceeds the first threshold T1 (if the magnitude of the offset value Pch is greater than the magnitude of the first threshold T1), or It becomes easier to exceed. Therefore, the command generation unit 62 outputs or easily outputs the decrease command SCd. As a result, the power deviation ΔRP decreases.

The same applies when the power deviation ΔRP is maintained at a value smaller than 0 and smaller than the second threshold T2. When the power deviation ΔRE falls below the fourth threshold T4, the correction value generation unit 67 generates a power correction value RPc such that the power deviation ΔRP decreases. For example, a predetermined negative offset value Pcl is given as the correction value RPc.

As a result, the corrected power deviation ΔRP input to the command generation unit 62 is less than the second threshold T2 (if the magnitude of the offset value Pcl is greater than the magnitude of the second threshold T2), or It becomes easier to fall below. Therefore, the command generation unit 62 outputs or easily outputs the increase command SCu. As a result, the power deviation ΔRP increases.

According to such a configuration, by adding the power correction value RPc based on the amount of transferred and received power RE to the power deviation ΔRP based on the measured transferred and received power RP, the difference that may occur when only the instantaneous value of the transferred and received power RP is controlled. The accumulation of minute deviations can be corrected. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately control so that the exchanged electric power amount RE for each second unit time, which is used for evaluation and determination of the demand response achievement rate, becomes the exchanged electric energy target value REo. Thereby, the achievement rate of demand response can be increased.

Note that in the present embodiment, the correction value generation unit 67 sets the power correction value RPc to 0 when the power amount deviation ΔRE is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold T4 and less than the third threshold T3. That is, no correction is performed in this case. Further, the correction value generation unit 67 generates thresholds (a third threshold T3 and a fourth threshold between the value T4) and the threshold value (fifth threshold value T5 and sixth threshold value T6) for switching from the state in which predetermined offset values Pch and Pcl are output as the power correction value RPc to 0, It has hysteresis characteristics.

That is, the fifth threshold T5 for switching the power correction value RPc from the state where the positive offset value Pch is output to 0 is set to a value where the power amount deviation ΔRE is greater than 0 and smaller than the third threshold T3. Ru. Similarly, the sixth threshold T6 for switching the power correction value RPc from the state where the negative offset value Pcl is output to 0 is set to a value where the power amount deviation ΔRE is smaller than 0 and larger than the fourth threshold T4. be done.

This prevents the value of the power correction value RPc from changing frequently and allows stable control to be performed.

[simulation result]
The simulation results for the power utilization facility 1 to which the control device 6 of the above embodiment is applied are shown below. FIG. 7 is a graph showing simulation results when control according to this embodiment is performed. Further, FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the actual suppressed power amount with the DR required power amount based on the simulation result of FIG. 7.

In this simulation, the baseline BL which is the planned value of the transfer power RP is set to 15 MW, the planned value of the output power of the power output device 2i at this time is set to 10 MW, and the load power is the sum of these. It was set to 25MW. In this simulation, the load power is randomly changed based on 25 MW to simulate a case where part of the load 5 stops operating. The DR request amount RQ was set to 5 MW, and the fluctuations in the transfer power RP and the actual suppression amount (RQc in FIG. 5) were simulated according to the fluctuations in the load power.

Note that in the simulation results, the actual suppressed power RQc is calculated by subtracting the baseline BL and the DR request amount RQ from the transmitted and received power RP (RQc=RP−(BL+RQ)). Further, the DR required power amount was obtained by integrating the DR required amount (5 MW), and the actual suppressed power amount was obtained by integrating the actual suppressed power.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing simulation results in a comparative example. Further, FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the actual suppressed power amount with the DR required power amount based on the simulation results of FIG. 9. In the comparative example shown in FIG. 9, the conditions are the same as in the simulation shown in FIG. 7, except that the output power of the power output device is kept constant at 15 MW (5 MW output increase corresponding to the DR request amount RQ) regardless of fluctuations in load power. We performed a simulation.

According to the simulation results of the comparative example shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the actual suppressed power deviates from the DR request amount because the transmitted and received power changes according to load fluctuations. Therefore, in the comparative example, as shown in FIG. 10, the actual suppressed power amount was insufficient compared to the DR requested power amount. In the example of FIG. 10, a deviation of 0.44 MWh occurs 30 minutes after the start. If the second unit time is 30 minutes, the DR required power amount is 2.5MWh (5MW x 0.5h), so the demand response achievement rate is (2.5-0.44)/2.5 =82.4(%).

As described above, unless the output power of the power output device 2i is adjusted in response to load fluctuations as in the comparative example, demand response may not be achieved due to load fluctuations. As a result, the evaluation of the aggregator 7 will decrease and a penalty will occur.

On the other hand, according to the simulation results in this embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the output power of the power output device 2i follows the load fluctuation, so that the actual suppressed power deviates from the DR request amount. is prevented. That is, the actual suppressed power follows the DR request amount. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the DR requested power amount and the actual suppressed power amount matched, and it was possible to achieve a demand response achievement rate of 100%.

In this way, the present simulation shows that by performing the control according to the present embodiment, the demand response achievement rate can be increased (to 100%).

[Other embodiments]
From the above description, many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the above description is to be construed as illustrative only and is provided for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art how to carry out the invention. Substantial changes may be made in the structural and/or functional details thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention.

For example, in the above embodiment, a case is exemplified in which the DR request amount QR is an amount that suppresses (reduces) the power (received power) supplied from the external power system 4 to the power utilization equipment 1 with respect to the baseline BL. However, even if the DR request amount QR is an amount that increases the received power with respect to the baseline BL, it can be similarly controlled by the configuration in the above embodiment.

Further, in the above embodiment, the control mode (control mode of received power) when power is supplied from the external power system 4 to the power utilization equipment 1 is illustrated, but the power output device 2i of the power utilization equipment 1 is The above embodiment can also be applied to the control mode (control mode of sold electric power) when output power is supplied to the external power system 4.

There is a transaction in which the power output device 2i generates more power than the power demand of the power utilization facility 1, and sells the surplus power to the electric utility company by causing the surplus power to flow backward into the grid. In this case, it is necessary to reversely flow the electric power (planned power sales value) that has been planned with the electric utility in advance to the grid.

Even in such a case, in order to appropriately control the power RP to be transferred to and received from the external power system 4 in response to changes in the power supplied to the load 5 (so that it does not deviate from the power sales plan value), it is necessary to It becomes necessary to control the output power of the power output device 2i depending on the situation. That is, the same problem as the control of the received power associated with the DR request occurs also in the control of the sold power in the power utilization facility 1.

For example, if the above configuration is used as is and the transferred power is the sold power, similar control can be performed by treating the transferred power RP as a negative value. FIG. 11 is a graph showing a case where the output power of the power output device is sold in this embodiment. Similar to the graph of FIG. 2, the demanded power (received power) is a positive value, and the sold power is a negative value.

In the graph of FIG. 11, the exchanged power RP becomes the sold power (power supplied to the external power system 4), and thus changes at a negative value. The graph of FIG. 11 shows a case where there is a request to sell electricity equal to the requested electricity sale amount RQ from a retail electricity company or the like during the period TS. In this case, the exchange power target value RPo in the period TS is the requested power selling amount (power selling target value) RQ for each first unit time (RPo=RQ (<0)). Therefore, the power deviation ΔRP output from the power deviation calculating section 61 is ΔRP=RQ−RP (RQ, RP<0). Command generating section 62 generates command SC according to this power deviation ΔRP.

With the above configuration, the exchange power RP is controlled to match the exchange power target value RPo, which is equal to the sold power target value RQ. Also in this case, more appropriate control can be achieved by correcting the power deviation ΔRP based on the amount of power by the power deviation correction unit 63.

As described above, in the above embodiment, the power transferred and received at the connection point 3 is applied when power is supplied from the external power system 4 (takes a positive value) and when power is supplied to the external power system 4 (takes a negative value). It is possible to control in the same control mode in both cases (when the value is taken). Therefore, it is applicable to the power utilization equipment 1 in which the received power can be either a positive value or a negative value, for example, selling power at night and receiving power during the day.

Note that the same control can be performed even if the power exchanged at the connection point 3 is set to a positive value when power is supplied to the external power system 4, and is set to a negative value when power is supplied from the external power system 4. FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the control block of the control device shown in FIG. 1 when the sold electric power is a positive value. Components similar to those shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and explanations thereof will be omitted.

In the control device 6B shown in FIG. 12, the sold power target value RQ is inputted to the power deviation calculation unit 61B as the exchange power target value RPo. The command generation unit 62B generates an increase command SCu when the power deviation ΔRP is greater than or equal to the first threshold T1, and generates a decrease command SCd when the power deviation ΔRP is less than the second threshold T2. do. The other control is the same as the control mode shown in FIG.

Further, in the above embodiment, the first threshold T1 and the second threshold T2 are set to different values, but the first threshold T1 and the second threshold It may be set to the same value (for example, 0) as the value T2. In this case, the command value generation unit 62 generates a decrease command SCd when the command SC is equal to or greater than a common threshold value, and generates an increase command SCu when the command value is less than the common threshold value. That is, the maintenance command SCm is not generated.

Similarly, in the embodiment described above, the correction value generation unit 67 does not perform correction when the power amount deviation ΔRE is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold T4 and less than the third threshold T3. 0), but the embodiment is not limited to this. For example, the third threshold T3 and the fourth threshold T4 may be set to the same value. In this case, the power deviation correction unit 63 always outputs a significant power correction value RPc (≠0).

Alternatively, the third threshold T3 and the fourth threshold T4 may be set to different values, and a hysteresis characteristic may be provided therebetween. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the input/output relationship of the correction value generation section shown in FIG. 6. In FIG. 13, only the correction value generation section 67B in FIG. 6 is illustrated, but the other configuration of the power deviation correction section 63 is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 6.

The correction value generation unit 67B shown in FIG. 13 is configured to output either a positive offset value Pch or a negative offset value Pcl depending on the value of the input power amount deviation ΔRE. The correction value generation unit 67B outputs a power correction value RPc with a negative offset when the power amount deviation ΔRE becomes equal to or less than a fourth threshold value T4 smaller than 0 from a state in which a positive offset value Pch is output. Switch to value Pcl. Further, the correction value generation unit 67B corrects the power correction value RPc to be output when the power amount deviation ΔRE becomes equal to or higher than a third threshold value T3 larger than 0 from the state where the negative offset value Pcl is output. to the offset value Pch.

With such a configuration as well, it is possible to prevent the power correction value RPc from changing frequently and to perform stable control.

Further, in the above embodiment, the first unit time is the unit time of the DR request amount or the power sales request amount RQ, and the second unit time is the unit time of the power amount deviation ΔRE calculated by the power amount deviation calculation unit 64. Although the case where they are the same is illustrated, the first unit time and the second unit time may be different. For example, the second unit time may be a value that is an integral multiple of the first unit time.

Further, in the embodiment described above, the power amount deviation calculation unit 64 calculates the transferred and received power amount RE from the transferred and received power RP, calculates the transferred and received power amount target value REo from the transferred and received power target value RPo, and calculates the transferred and received power amount target value REo. A configuration is illustrated in which the power amount deviation ΔRE is generated by subtracting the delivered and received power amount RE from. Alternatively, the power amount deviation calculation unit 64 may calculate the power amount deviation ΔRE by integrating a value obtained by subtracting the transferred power RP from the transferred power target value RPo (power deviation ΔRP before correction).

Further, in the above embodiment, the power output device 2i outputs power based on the command SC according to the power deviation ΔRP, but the power output device 2i outputs power based on the command SC according to the power deviation ΔRP. In addition, control may be performed based on other control signals. For example, the control device 6 or other control device may calculate and set a load distribution that will result in the lowest fuel cost, and input a control command that will result in such load distribution to the power output device 2i. When the power output device 2i is controlled based on such a control command and further receives an increase command SCu from the control device 6, the power output device 2i further increases the current output power. Good too.

Further, the control aspect in the above embodiment is applied only when a DR request is made (only during the DR request period TDR), and in other cases, the control aspect of the power output device 2i using the command SC is applied. It is not necessary to do this. That is, the power utilization equipment 1 may be configured to be able to switch between the control mode in the above embodiment and other control modes as appropriate. In this case, for periods other than the DR request period TDR, the output power of the power output device 2i may be set, for example, in an operation pattern that optimizes fuel costs and the like. Alternatively, the power output device 2i may be controlled using the command SC regardless of whether the DR request period TDR is in effect.

Further, the number of power output devices 2i connected to the connection point 3 may be one or two or more. Moreover, as the power output device 2i connected to the connection point 3 as described above, various power output devices such as a generator or a storage battery can be applied. When a storage battery is used as the power output device 2i, it is possible not only to simply generate electricity but also to charge the storage battery. When a plurality of power output devices 2i are connected to the connection point 3, power output devices 2i having similar responsiveness may be connected, or power output devices 2i having different responsiveness may be connected. .

The present invention is intended to appropriately control, in power utilization equipment equipped with a power output device, the power transferred and received from the power utilization equipment to an external power system to a target value without considering the responsiveness of the power output device. Useful.

1 Power utilization equipment 2i (i=1, 2, 3,...) Power output device 3 Connection point 4 External power system 6 Control device 61 Power deviation calculation unit 62 Command generation unit 63 Power deviation correction unit 64 Power amount deviation calculation unit 65 Correction value generation section

Claims (9)

A control device for power utilization equipment comprising at least one power output device, the at least one power output device being connected to an external power system via a connection point so as to be able to transmit and receive power,
a power deviation calculation unit that acquires the transmitted and received power measured at the connection point and calculates a power deviation by subtracting the acquired transmitted and received power from a predetermined target value of transmitted and received power;
a command generation unit that generates a command to increase or decrease the output power of the at least one power output device based on the power deviation;
a power deviation correction unit that corrects the power deviation by adding a power correction value to the power deviation,
The command generation unit generates a reduction command to reduce the output power when the power deviation is equal to or greater than a predetermined first threshold, and generates a reduction command to reduce the output power when the power deviation is equal to or less than the first threshold. if less than the value, generate an increase command to increase the output power ;
The power deviation correction section
Calculating the transfer and reception power amount obtained by integrating the transfer and reception power amount and the transfer and reception power amount target value obtained by integrating the transfer and reception power amount target value, and calculating the power amount deviation of the transfer and reception power amount with respect to the transfer and reception power amount target value. a power amount deviation calculation unit,
a correction value generation unit that generates the power correction value from the power amount deviation,
The power amount deviation calculation unit calculates the integration of the transferred power to obtain the transferred power amount and the transferred power target value to obtain the transferred and received power amount target value every predetermined second unit time. A control device for power usage equipment that resets to The correction value generation unit generates the power correction value such that the power deviation increases when the power amount deviation is equal to or higher than the third predetermined threshold; The control device for power utilization equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the power correction value is generated such that the power deviation is reduced when the power deviation is less than a fourth threshold value. The third threshold and the fourth threshold are different values,
The power utilization equipment according to claim 2 , wherein the correction value generation unit sets the power correction value to 0 when the power amount deviation is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold and less than the third threshold. Control device. the first threshold and the second threshold are different values,
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the command generation unit generates a maintenance command to maintain the output power when the power deviation is equal to or more than the second threshold and less than the first threshold. A control device for the power utilization equipment described above. A control device for power utilization equipment comprising at least one power output device, the at least one power output device being connected to an external power system via a connection point so as to be able to transmit and receive power,
a power deviation calculation unit that acquires the transmitted and received power measured at the connection point and calculates a power deviation by subtracting the acquired transmitted and received power from a predetermined target value of transmitted and received power;
a command generation unit that generates a command to increase or decrease the output power of the at least one power output device based on the power deviation,
The command generation unit generates a reduction command to reduce the output power when the power deviation is equal to or greater than a predetermined first threshold, and generates a reduction command to reduce the output power when the power deviation is equal to or less than the first threshold. if less than the value, generate an increase command to increase the output power;
The power deviation calculation unit is a control device for power utilization equipment that calculates the target value of power to be transferred and received by subtracting the amount of power adjustment request amount from the planned value of power to be transferred and received for each predetermined first unit time. 5. The control device for power utilization equipment according to claim 1, wherein the power transfer target value is a power selling power target value for each predetermined first unit time. The power utilization equipment includes a plurality of power output devices,
7. The control device for power utilization equipment according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of power output devices are connected to the external power system via the common connection point. The control device for power utilization equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the at least one power output device includes a generator. The control device for power utilization equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the at least one power output device includes a storage battery.

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