JP2023122762A - Power utilization facility and controller for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a power utilization facility and a controller for the same that can adjust its power transmission and reception with an external power system based on various supply and demand requirements, with a simple configuration, without considering the responsiveness of a power output device.SOLUTION: A power utilization facility includes at least one power output device connected to an external power system via a connection point, a power meter that measures the transmitted/received power at the connection point, a power convertor connected to the external power system via the connection point, a power storage connected to the power convertor, and a controller for controlling the power output device and the power convertor. The controller generates a target value for transmitted/received power on the basis of a transmitted/received power request value, calculates a first power deviation by subtracting the transmitted/received power from the target value for transmitted/received power, controls first output power from the power convertor by charging/discharging the power storage so that the transmitted/received power becomes the target value for transmitted/received power on the basis of the first power deviation, and adjusts second output power from the power output device so that the first output power becomes a predetermined setting value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present disclosure relates to power utilization equipment and its controller, which includes a power output device such as a generator and is connected to an external power system so as to be able to transmit and receive power.

In recent years, an electric utility that has jurisdiction over an external power system such as a commercial power system has decided to supply power from the external power system to power utilization equipment such as factories that use power from the external power system. That is, a request such as suppression of received power may be made. On the other hand, the power utilization facility that has reduced the received power receives compensation from the electric power company, such as a discount on the power rate. Such transactions are called negawatt transactions by demand response.

Also, as power utilization equipment, power utilization equipment including power output devices such as prime mover generators and storage batteries is known. In such power utilization equipment, when negawatt trading is performed, the power utilization equipment increases the power output by the power output device to reduce the amount of power supplied from the external power system to the power utilization equipment, that is, the demand response. It is possible to meet the demand for A demand response request is abbreviated as a DR request below.

However, the power supplied to the load varies depending on the load conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to control the output power of the power output device according to the load condition in order to appropriately control the power transfer to and from the external power system so that the suppression amount does not fall below the DR request amount.

Patent Literatures 1 and 2 listed below disclose aspects of controlling the output power of a power output device in response to a supply and demand demand.

JP 2018-160949 A WO2015/098083

However, the control modes of Patent Literatures 1 and 2 cannot be easily applied to control of power utilization equipment having various types of power output devices. Moreover, the above-described problems may occur not only in the control of the power output device in response to the DR request, but also in various control situations of the power output device such as power selling.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present disclosure is to solve the above problems. An object of the present invention is to provide an electric power utilization facility and its controller capable of responding to various supply and demand demands for electric power supplied to and received from an external electric power system of the utilization facility.

A power utilization facility according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes at least one power output device that transmits and receives power to and from an external power system via a connection point, a power measuring instrument that measures the power transmitted and received at the connection point, and the connection point. a power converter connected to the external power system via a power storage device connected to the power converter; and a controller for controlling the power output device and the power converter, wherein the controller is generating a transfer power target value based on the power transfer request value; obtaining transfer power measured at the connection point; calculating a first power deviation by subtracting the transfer power from the transfer power target value; controlling the first output power from the power converter by charging/discharging the storage device so that the transfer power becomes the transfer power target value based on the first power deviation, and the first output power is set to a predetermined value; The second output power output from the power output device is adjusted so as to achieve the value.

A controller according to another aspect of the present disclosure includes at least one power output device that transmits and receives power to and from an external power system via a connection point, a power measuring device that measures the power transmitted and received at the connection point, and the connection A controller for controlling the power output device and the power converter in a power utilization facility comprising a power converter connected to the external power system via a point and a capacitor connected to the power converter generating a transfer power target value based on the power transfer request value, calculating a first power deviation by subtracting the acquired transfer power from the transfer power target value, and calculating a first power deviation based on the first power deviation controls the first output power from the power converter by charging and discharging the storage device so that the transfer power becomes the transfer power target value, and controls the first output power so that the first output power becomes a predetermined set value. A second output power output from the power output device is adjusted.

According to the present disclosure, in an electric power utilization facility equipped with an electric power output device, with a simple configuration, without considering the responsiveness of the electric power output device, the electric power supplied to and received from an external electric power system of the electric power utilization facility can meet various supply and demand demands. can correspond.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power system including power utilization equipment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a schematic graph illustrating demand response in negawatt trading. FIG. 3 is a schematic graph showing an example when there is a difference between the planned received power value and the actual demand in the demand response shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic graph illustrating tertiary reserve capacity -2 in the balancing market. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of control blocks of the controller shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the target value generator, power deviation calculator, and first command generator shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a first command generating unit shown in FIG. 6; 8 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of the first command generation unit shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a second command generating unit shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a setting value generation unit shown in FIG. 5. FIG. FIG. 11 is a schematic graph in the case where the transfer power control according to the present embodiment is performed in the demand response shown in FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a power deviation correction unit shown in FIG. 5. FIG. FIG. 13 is a graph showing a case where the output power of the power output device is sold in the present embodiment. 14 is a diagram showing another example of the input/output relationship of the correction value generator shown in FIG. 12. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing another example of the input/output relationship of the correction value calculation unit shown in FIG. 10. FIG. FIG. 16 is a graph showing load power fluctuations in one simulation. FIG. 17 is a graph showing changes in the first power reception suppression request amount in this simulation. FIG. 18 is a graph showing changes in the transfer power target value in this simulation. FIG. 19 is a graph showing changes in power transfer and reception when this simulation is performed in the example. FIG. 20 is a graph showing changes in power transfer and reception when this simulation is performed in the comparative example.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding elements throughout all the drawings, and duplicate descriptions thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power system including power utilization equipment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1 , the power utilization facility 1 is connected to an external power system 4 via a connection point 30 . The power utilization facility 1 includes a plurality of power output devices 20 . There are three power output devices 20 in the example of FIG. A plurality of power output devices 20 are connected to the external power system 4 via connection points 30 . A load 5 provided in the power utilization equipment 1 is also connected to the external power system 4 via a connection point 30 . The power utilization facility 1 also includes a power meter 8 that measures the power RP transferred at the connection point 30 .

As a result, the power utilization facility 1 can exchange power with the external power system 4 via the connection point 30 . That is, the power utilization equipment 1 can receive power from the external power system 4 and supply power to the load 5 . It is also possible to supply the power output from the plurality of power output devices 20 to the load 5 or to transmit the power to the external power system 4, that is, to sell the power.

Furthermore, the power utilization facility 1 includes a power converter 91 that is connected to the external power system 4 via the connection point 30 . A power storage device 92 is connected to the power converter 91 . The power converter 91 supplies power to the external power system 4 by discharging the power stored in the storage battery 92 , and charges the storage battery 92 by supplying the power of the external power system 4 to the storage battery 92 . The storage battery 92 is, for example, a secondary battery or a capacitor. The power utilization facility 1 includes a state of charge detector 93 that detects the state of charge of the battery 92 . Note that the state of charge is also referred to as SOC (State Of Charge) in the following description and drawings.

The connection positions of the plurality of power output devices 20 and the power converters 91 are not limited as long as they are in the system within the power utilization equipment 1 . In other words, the power output devices 20 and the power converters 91 may transmit and receive power to and from the external power system 4 via the connection point 30 .

The power utilization facility 1 includes a controller 6 that controls a plurality of power output devices 20 and power converters 91 . Note that, instead of this, the controller 6 may be provided independently of the power utilization equipment 1 . Further, the controller 6 may include a plurality of power output device controllers that respectively control the plurality of power output devices 20, and a higher-level controller that gives control instructions to each power output device controller. The controller 6 comprises a computer such as a microcontroller or a personal computer. For example, the controller 6 includes a CPU, a main memory such as a RAM, a storage, a communication interface, and the like. Control programs and various data are stored in the storage of the controller 6 .

The external power system 4 is, for example, a commercial power system. The power utilization facility 1 is, for example, a factory. The power output device 20 is, for example, a fuel cell equipped with a generator and a power conversion device. Generators include, for example, prime mover generators such as steam turbines, gas turbines, gas engines, and diesel engines. The power output device 20 may be, for example, a storage device such as a secondary battery or a capacitor. The plurality of power output devices 20 may be configured by combining a plurality of types of generators, capacitors, and fuel cells with different power generation efficiency, power generation cost, response performance, and the like.

Below, the control aspect of the controller 6 at the time of negawatt trading is illustrated. In the following example, based on the power transfer request value RQT sent from another power management system 7 such as an aggregator to the controller 6 and the transfer power RP measured by the power meter 8, the power converter 91 outputs A first command SC1 for controlling the first output power supplied from the power output device 20 is generated, and a second command SC2 for adjusting the second output power output from the power output device 20 is generated.

The power transfer request value RQT includes a plurality of request components for the received power plan value BL. In the following example, a first unit time, a second unit time, and a third unit time are used as the time divisions that serve as the basis for the power transfer request value and the control of the controller 6 . For example, the first unit time is 45 minutes, the second unit time is 30 minutes, and the third unit time is 15 minutes, but the combinations are not limited to these.

The multiple request components include a first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 and a second power reception suppression request amount RQ2. The first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 is a request component that is issued every second unit time and requests that the output be changed within the first unit time after receiving the command. The second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 is a request component for each second unit time that is issued before the first unit time. For example, the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 corresponds to the request amount by the tertiary control power -2, and the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 corresponds to the DR request amount. The first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 and the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 are request components independent of each other. For the first requested power reception suppression amount RQ1, the evaluation of the transfer power RP is performed in units of time shorter than that for the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2. A unit time for evaluating the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 is a fourth unit time that is equal to or less than the third unit time. The fourth unit time is, for example, 5 minutes.

First, the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic graph illustrating demand response in negawatt trading. The horizontal axis in the graph of FIG. 2 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates power demand. In FIG. 2, the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 is not considered.

Data of the received power plan value BL is stored in the storage of the controller 6 . The planned received power value BL indicates a planned received power value for each second unit time. The planned received power value BL is obtained, for example, by dividing a day into time zones of the second unit time, and averaging the actual values of the demand amount for the second unit time for the most recent several days for each second unit time. may be created on the basis of However, the method of determining received power plan value BL is not particularly limited, and various methods are assumed. The second unit time is, for example, 30 minutes as described above, but is not particularly limited.

The data of the planned received power value BL is sent in advance to another power management system 7 such as an aggregator, which is the requester of the demand response. Hereinafter, in this specification, demand response may be abbreviated as DR. The power management system 7 transmits the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 to the controller 6 of the corresponding power utilization equipment 1 based on the received power planned value BL sent from the power utilization equipment 1 . The data of the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 transmitted to the controller 6 includes information of the DR request period TDR indicating the target time period. In the example of FIG. 2, demand suppression is requested by the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 between 12:00 and 17:00. The data of the received power plan value BL may be calculated by the power management system 7 based on the past demand amount and notified to the power utilization equipment 1 .

The power management system 7 monitors the actual demand RL, which is the power transferred and received at the connection point 30 during the DR request period TDR. The actual demand RL at the connection point 30 matches the transfer power RP measured by the power meter 8 . In the present embodiment, the actual demand RL, that is, the transferred power RP is a positive value when the power utilization equipment 1 receives power from the external power system 4 . The power management system 7 determines whether the actual demand RL in the power utilization equipment 1 is the power obtained by subtracting the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 from the received power plan value BL, that is, RP=BL-RQ2 during the DR request period TDR. Determine whether or not When the actual demand RL is suppressed from the received power plan value BL by the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2, the power management system 7 determines that the demand response is achieved, and reduces the power utilization equipment 1 to a predetermined level. Give consideration. When the actual demand RL is not suppressed from the planned power reception value BL by the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2, the power management system 7 determines that the demand response has not been achieved, and reduces the power utilization equipment 1 to a predetermined level. demand a penalty.

As described above, the planned received power value BL is set based on, for example, the actual value of the actual demand RL in the past. However, since the actual demand of the load 5 changes on a daily basis, the demand of the load 5 during execution of the demand response does not necessarily match the received power plan value BL. Therefore, there may be a case where the demand response cannot be achieved simply by additionally outputting the power corresponding to the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 from the power output device 20 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic graph showing an example when there is a difference between the planned received power value and the actual demand in the demand response shown in FIG. In the example of FIG. 3, the power required by the power utilization facility 1 during the DR request period TDR is shown as the actual demand RL, and is greater than the received power planned value BL. In this case, in the DR request period TDR, if the power output device 20 only additionally outputs power corresponding to the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 to the planned received power value BL, the transfer/received power RP will not reach the planned received power value BL. On the other hand, it is not possible to suppress the supply/reception power target value RPo, which is the assumed virtual demand in advance. That is, the result is that the second demanded power reception suppression request amount RQ2 cannot be suppressed by the actual increase in demand (RL-BL) with respect to the planned power reception value BL. The shaded area in FIG. 3 represents the amount of power that has not been achieved with respect to the DR request.

Next, the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 will be described. FIG. 4 is a schematic graph illustrating tertiary reserve capacity -2 in the balancing market. The horizontal axis in the graph of FIG. 4 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates power demand. FIG. 4 shows a case where the planned received power value BL does not fluctuate and there is no DR request, that is, the second requested power reception suppression request amount RQ2 is zero.

As described above, the power management system 7 transmits the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 to the controller 6 of the corresponding power utilization equipment 1 based on the received power planned value BL transmitted from the power utilization equipment 1 . The power utilization equipment 1 operates so as to realize simultaneous power balancing (balancing) in the external power system 4 by adjusting the transfer power based on such a planned value.

On the other hand, power transmission and distribution companies also operate systems based on power generation plans formulated based on demand forecasts. However, the actual supply and demand of electricity may deviate from the forecast due to changes in the amount of power generated by solar power generation, etc., and increases in electricity consumption due to higher-than-expected temperature rises. In such a case, the power transmission and distribution business operator can issue a differential power request to some consumers via the power management system 7, for example, called tertiary control power -2, which suppresses the received power. be. As a request for tertiary control power-2, the power management system 7 requests to increase or decrease the received power by a predetermined requested amount from the received power plan value in the corresponding power utilization equipment 1 after the first unit time from the time of request. In the present embodiment, the predetermined requested amount is referred to as a first power reception suppression requested amount RQ1.

In the present embodiment, the controller 6 monitors whether or not there is a differential power request every third unit time. The third unit time is set shorter than the first unit time and the second unit time. For example, the third unit time may be set to a common divisor of the first unit time and the second unit time. For example, if the first unit time is 45 minutes and the second unit time is 30 minutes, the third unit time is set to 15 minutes, which is the greatest common divisor of both.

In the present embodiment, the reference time is [n], the time after the third unit time from the reference time [n] is [n+1], and the time after the third unit time from the time [n+1] is [n+2]. and the time after the third unit time from time [n+2] is set to [n+3]. The time [n+2] is equal to the time after the second unit time from the reference time [n], and the time [n+3] is equal to the time after the first unit time from the reference time. Further, the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 in the differential power request generated at the reference time [n] is denoted as RQ1[n+3].

FIG. 4 shows an example in which the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 changes from the first value P1 to a second value P2 larger than the first value P1 at 10:00. Assuming that the reference time [n] is 10:00, the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 [j] (j= . , are both P1. Therefore, if the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 does not change at the reference time [n], the transfer power target value RPo up to time [n+2], ie, 10:30, is RPo=BL−P1.

However, at 10:00, which is the reference time [n], the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 changed from the first value P1 to the second value P2, which is larger than the first value P1. , it is necessary to suppress power reception by the second value P2 from the planned power reception BL until time [n+3] after the first unit time from the reference time [n], that is, by 10:45. Therefore, the controller 6 sets the transfer/reception power target value RPo after the reference time [n] to a value obtained by subtracting the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1[n+3]=P2 from the received power planned value BL.

Also, a tolerance TI is set for the differential power request. The tolerance TI is set, for example, to a range of 10% above and below the differential power requirement. In the example of FIG. 4, the controller 6 determines that until the reference time [n], the actual demand RL is the allowable difference TI around the transfer power target value RPo1 (RPo1=BL-P1) based on the first value P1. It is necessary to adjust the output power within the range, that is, within the range between the upper limit value UL1 and the lower limit value LL1. Further, after time [n+3], the controller 6 determines that the actual demand RL is within the tolerance TI centered on the transfer power target value RPo2 (RPo2=BL−P2) based on the second value P2, that is, It is necessary to adjust the output power so that it falls within the range between the upper limit value UL2 and the lower limit value LL2. The upper limit value means the upper limit value of the differential power request, that is, the upper limit value of the suppression amount for suppressing the power demand, and the power demand in FIG. 4 is the allowable minimum value of the transfer power target value RPo. Similarly, the lower limit value means the lower limit value of the differential power request, that is, the lower limit value of the suppression amount for suppressing the power demand, and the power demand in FIG. 4 is the allowable maximum value of the transfer power target value RPo.

In the period from the reference time [n] to the time [n+3], the controller 6 sets the lower limit value LL1 up to the reference time [n] and the upper limit value UL2 from the time [n+3] as the transition period of the differential power demand. Adjust the output power so that it falls within the range between

Here, the followability to the transfer power target value RPo at the time of the differential power request is required to follow up in a shorter period of time than the followability to the transfer power target value RPo for the DR request. For example, the DR request requires followability in units of 30 minutes, while the differential power request requires followability in units of 5 minutes.

In this way, it becomes necessary to adjust the output of the power utilization facility 1 with respect to the DR request and the differential power request according to the actual demand RL. However, simply adjusting the output of the power output device 20 may cause the differential power requirement to fall outside the tolerance. Therefore, in the present embodiment, power converter 91 and capacitor 92 are used to enable power adjustment in a shorter period of time.

In the present embodiment, after controlling the first output power from the power converter 91 by charging and discharging the storage battery 92 so that the transferred power RP becomes the transferred power target value RPo, the first output power is The output of the power output device 20 is adjusted so as to obtain a predetermined set value. That is, the second output power output from the power output device 20 is adjusted following the first output power, so that the output is adjusted by the first output power, which has a fast response speed, in response to power fluctuations in a short period of time. , is adjusted by a second output power for power fluctuations over a longer period of time.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of control blocks of the controller shown in FIG. As described above, the storage of the controller 6 stores in advance the information of the received power plan value BL. The controller 6 acquires information on the transfer power RP at the connection point 30 measured by the power meter 8 . Further, the power management system 7 transmits to the controller 6 a first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 and a second power reception suppression request amount RQ2. The controller 6 acquires information on the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 and the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2, and stores the information in the storage. More specifically, the storage of the controller 6 stores a planned value table. The planned value table has a data set in which the time of each third unit time, the planned received power value BL, the first requested power reception suppression amount RQ1, and the second requested power reception suppression amount RQ2 corresponding to each time are associated with each other. are doing. Each data in the planned value table is expanded with the step size of the third unit time and stored in the storage.

As described above, the controller 6 acquires the value of the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 at time [n] at time [n+3] after the first unit time from time [n]. Therefore, the planned value table at time [n] includes the value of the first demanded power reception suppression amount RQ1 up to time [n+3].

Note that the planned value table may include data indicating whether the differential power request is valid or invalid. By registering in the power management system 7 in advance the time period for power adjustment for the differential power request, the power utilization facility 1 can adjust the power for the differential power request only within the registered time period. Become. Even if a differential power request occurs outside the registered time zone, the power utilization equipment 1 does not make a differential power request. The data indicating whether the differential power request is valid or invalid may check whether the differential power request occurred within the registered time period.

Controller 6 in the present embodiment includes target value generator 60, power deviation calculator 61, first A command generation unit 62, a power deviation correction unit 63, a set value generation unit 64, and a second command generation unit 65 are provided as control blocks or control circuits.

First, the control system for the first command SC1 to the power converter 91 will be described. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the target value generator, power deviation calculator, and first command generator shown in FIG. Target value generator 60 subtracts first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 and second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 from received power plan value BL to calculate transfer power target value RPo. Note that the differential power request at the reference time [n] is to suppress power reception by the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 [n+3] at time [n+3] after the first unit time. It is incorporated into the transfer power target value RPo at time [n]. That is, the transfer power target value RPo at the reference time [n] is RPo=BL[n]-RQ2[n]-RQ1[n+3].

The power deviation calculation unit 61 calculates a first power deviation ΔRP by subtracting the measured transfer power RP from a predetermined transfer power target value RPo. As will be described later, the first power deviation ΔRP is a value obtained by adding the power correction value RPc calculated in the power deviation correction unit 63 to RPo-RP, but the power correction value RPc is not considered for the time being.

First command generator 62 generates first command SC1 as a command value for the first output power output from power converter 91 based on first power deviation ΔRP calculated by power deviation calculator 61 . The first command SC1 is a power command value for charging and discharging the battery 92 so that the transferred power RP becomes the transferred power target value RPo.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a first command generating unit shown in FIG. 6; As shown in FIG. 7 , first command generator 62 includes inverter 621 , upper/lower limiter 622 and integrator 623 . The inverter 621 inverts the positive/negative of the first power deviation ΔRP. Note that the inverter 621 can impart a predetermined gain when inverting the positive/negative of the first power deviation ΔRP. Upper and lower limiters 622 are applied to the inverted first power deviation ΔRP. The value output by the upper/lower limit limiter 622 is such that the output is limited to a predetermined range with respect to the first power deviation ΔRP, and a negative value is output when the first power deviation ΔRP is a positive value. A positive value is output when the 1-power deviation ΔRP is a negative value. The output of upper/lower limiter 622 is integrated by integrator 623, and the integrated value is output as first command SC1.

The first command SC1 is defined to have a negative value when the battery 92 is charged, and a positive value when the battery 92 is discharged. Therefore, when the first power deviation ΔRP is a positive value, that is, when the exchanged power target value RPo is larger than the exchanged power RP, the first command generation unit 62 generates a negative value to increase the exchanged power RP. 1 command SC1 is generated and the capacitor 92 is charged. Further, when the first power deviation ΔRP is a negative value, that is, when the exchanged power target value RPo is smaller than the exchanged power RP, the first command generation unit 62 generates a positive first power deviation ΔRP to reduce the exchanged power RP. 1 command SC1 is generated to discharge the capacitor 92 .

Note that the first command generation unit 62 is not limited to the example in FIG. 7 . 8 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of the first command generation unit shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 includes inverter 621, upper/lower limiter 622, and integrator 623 in first command generation unit 62 shown in FIG. It includes two subtractors 625,626. Hereinafter, the upper/lower limiter 622 that is the same as the example of FIG.

The output of the integrator 623 is input to the second limiter 624 and limited to predetermined upper and lower limits. The upper and lower limit values of the second limiter 624 can be set independently of the upper and lower limit values of the first limiter 622 . The output of second limiter 624 is output as first command SC1. Furthermore, the output of the second limiter 624 is subtracted from the output of the integrator 623 , that is, the input of the second limiter 624 by a subtractor 625 and fed back to the input side of the integrator 623 . Subtractor 626 subtracts the output of subtractor 625 from the output of first limiter 622 . The output of subtractor 626 is input to integrator 623 .

Based on the power conversion capability of power converter 91, the upper and lower limits of first command SC1 can be set. Upper and lower limit values of the second limiter 624 are set according to the upper and lower limit values. In the first command generator 62B, when the output of the integrator 623 exceeds the upper and lower limits of the second limiter 624, the integrating operation in the exceeding direction is stopped. As a result, when the manipulated variable based on the first power deviation ΔRP exceeds the upper and lower limit values of the first command SC1, the manipulated variable output to the power converter 91 is limited, and the integrator 623 Stop execution of the integration in the direction beyond . As a result, even when the first power deviation ΔRP is reversed, the first command SC1 corresponding to the first power deviation ΔRP can be output at a high response speed.

Next, a control system for the second command SC2 to the power output device 20 will be described. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a second command generating unit shown in FIG. 5. FIG. Regarding the generation of the second command SC2, the power converter 91 feeds back to the controller 6 the value Pd of the first output power to be output based on the first command SC1. The second command generator 65 acquires the first output power value Pd sent from the power converter 91 . The second command generator 65 generates a second command SC2 for adjusting the second output power output from the power output device 20 so that the acquired first output power becomes the predetermined set value Ps.

Second command generator 65 includes a subtractor 651 and a command selector 652 . The subtractor 651 generates a second power deviation ΔP by subtracting the first output power value Pd from the set value Ps generated by the set value generator 64, which will be described later. Command selector 652 outputs second command SC2 corresponding to second power deviation ΔP. The value Pd of the first output power takes a positive value in the case of the first output power based on discharging from the storage battery 92, and takes a negative value in the case of the first output power based on charging of the storage battery 92. .

The second command SC2 generated by the second command generator 65 is a state command including an increase command SC2u, a decrease command SC2d and a maintenance command SC2m. In this specification, the state command is a command for setting the power output device 20 to any power output state, such as an output increase state, an output decrease state, or an output maintenance state, and includes a specific power output target value. defined as a concept that does not exist.

The increase command SC2u is a command to the power output device 20 to increase the instantaneous value of the output power to bring it into an output increase state. For example, if the power output device 20 is a prime mover generator, the increase command SC2u is a command to cause the governor of the prime mover to increase the generated power. Also, the decrease command SC2d is a command to the power output device 20 to decrease the instantaneous value of the output power to put it in the output decrease state. For example, when the power output device 20 is a prime mover generator, the decrease command SC2d is a command to reduce the power generated by the governor of the prime mover. The maintenance command SC2m is a command to the power output device 20 to maintain the instantaneous value of the output power and enter the output maintenance state. For example, when the power output device 20 is a prime mover generator, the maintenance command SC2m is a command to cause the governor of the prime mover to maintain the generated power.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a command generation mode in the command selector 652 as a graph. As shown in FIG. 9, command selector 652 generates decrease command SC2d when second power deviation ΔP is greater than or equal to predetermined first threshold value T1, and second power deviation ΔP is reduced to first threshold value T1. If less than a second threshold T2 less than T1, generate an increase command SC2u. Further, command selector 652 generates maintenance command SC2m when first power deviation ΔRP is greater than or equal to second threshold value T2 and less than first threshold value T1.

For example, the first threshold T1 is set to a predetermined positive value and the second threshold T2 is set to a negative value of the same magnitude as the first threshold T1. Alternatively, the first threshold T1 may be set to a predetermined positive value and the second threshold T2 may be set to a negative value different in magnitude from the first threshold T1. Moreover, when a predetermined offset value is given to the second power deviation ΔP, both the first threshold value T1 and the second threshold value T2 may be either positive values or negative values.

Second command SC<b>2 generated by second command generation unit 65 is sent to each of the plurality of power output devices 20 . At this time, the second command SC2 sent to each of the plurality of power output devices 20 is a common command. That is, it is not necessary to individually customize the second command SC2 according to the output characteristics of the power output device 20 and the like.

The second command SC2 output from the second command generator 65 may be composed of, for example, continuously output pulses. In this case, the increase command SC2u is configured to continuously output an output increase pulse, which is a positive pulse, for example. Also, the decrease command SC2d is configured such that, for example, an output decrease pulse, which is a negative pulse, is continuously output. Further, the maintenance command SC2m is configured as a state in which no pulse is output. Alternatively, three pulses with different pulse amplitudes or widths may be assigned to these state commands SC2u, SC2d, SC2m.

Each power output device 20 that receives such a second command SC2 performs output control according to the contents of the second command SC2. While receiving the increase command SC2u, the power output device 20 continues to increase its output. While receiving the decrease command SC2d, the power output device 20 continues to decrease the output. While receiving the maintenance command SC2m, the power output device 20 continues to maintain the output. For example, if the power output device 20 is a generator, the governor output is adjusted according to the second command SC2.

At this time, each power output device 20 performs output control according to its own responsiveness. For example, the power output device 20 that responds quickly increases its output at a high rate in response to the increase command SC2u. The slow-response power output device 20 increases its output at a low rate in response to the increase command SC2u. Therefore, even if the power output devices 20 have different types of prime movers or have different responsiveness, the controller 6 does not consider the responsiveness of each power output device 20, It is sufficient to output the second command SC2.

Predetermined set value Ps serving as a reference for generating second command SC2 is set to a value corresponding to the SOC of storage battery 92 . As described above, in the present embodiment, the power converter 91 is mainly controlled according to fluctuations in the transferred power RP, and the power is adjusted by the first output power of the power converter 91 by charging and discharging the capacitor 92 . will be In order to be able to perform power adjustment by charging/discharging the storage battery 92 at any time, it is desirable to prevent the SOC of the storage battery 92 from deviating from the reference value. That is, for example, when the SOC is excessively high and the battery is overcharged, the battery 92 cannot be charged from the external power system 4 . Further, for example, when the SOC is excessively low and the state of overdischarge occurs, discharging from the storage battery 92 to the external power system 4 cannot be performed.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, set value generator 64 generates set value Ps, which is the basis of second power deviation ΔP, based on SOC detection value SOCd detected by charge state detector 93 . 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a setting value generation unit shown in FIG. 5. FIG. The set value generator 64 includes a subtractor 641 and a correction value calculator 642 . Subtractor 641 subtracts SOC detection value SOCd from predetermined SOC target value SOCo to calculate SOC deviation ΔSOC. The SOC target value SOCo is pre-stored in the storage of the controller 6 .

Correction value calculator 642 calculates SOC correction value SOCc from SOC deviation ΔSOC. Correction value calculation unit 642 generates charging correction value SOCcc for charging battery 92 as SOC correction value SOCc when SOC deviation ΔSOC is equal to or greater than predetermined first reference value R1. Further, when the SOC deviation ΔSOC is less than a predetermined second reference value R2 which is equal to or less than the first reference value R1, the correction value calculation unit 642 generates the discharge correction value SOCcd for discharging the battery 92 as the SOC correction value SOCc. . The charge correction value SOCcc is a negative value, and the discharge correction value SOCcd is a positive value. Correction value calculation unit 642 outputs 0 as SOC correction value SOCc when SOC deviation ΔSOC is greater than or equal to second reference value R2 and less than first reference value R1. That is, in this case, charging/discharging related to SOC correction of the capacitor 92 is not performed.

For example, the first reference value R1 is set to a predetermined positive value, and the second reference value R2 is set to a negative value of the same magnitude as the first reference value R1. Alternatively, the first reference value R1 may be set to a predetermined positive value and the second reference value R2 may be set to a negative value different in magnitude from the first reference value R1.

Correction value calculation unit 642 outputs first reference value R1 and second reference value R1, which are threshold values for switching from a state in which 0 is output as SOC correction value SOCc to output charge correction value SOCcc or discharge correction value SOCcd. Between the reference value R2 and the third reference value R3 and the fourth reference value R4, which are threshold values for switching from the state where the charge correction value SOCcc or the discharge correction value SOCcd is output as the SOC correction value SOCc to 0, It has a hysteresis characteristic.

That is, the third reference value R3 for switching the SOC correction value SOCc from the state where the charging correction value SOCcc is being output to 0 is set to a value that makes the SOC deviation ΔSOC greater than 0 and less than the first reference value R1. Similarly, the fourth reference value R4 for switching the SOC correction value SOCc from the state where the discharge correction value SOCcd is being output to 0 is set to a value that makes the SOC deviation ΔSOC smaller than 0 and larger than the second reference value R2. As a result, frequent switching of the SOC correction value SOCc can be prevented, and stable control can be performed. However, the correction value calculator 642 does not have to have a hysteresis characteristic in switching the SOC correction value SOCc.

As described above, the positive/negative of first command SC1 and first output power is defined to be a negative value when battery 92 is charged, and a positive value when battery 92 is discharged. The positive/negative of second command SC2 is defined to be a positive value when power output device 20 outputs power to external power system 4 . Therefore, the SOC correction value SOCc whose positive or negative is determined based on the charge/discharge of the electric storage device 92 and the second command SC2 whose positive or negative is determined based on the output direction of the power output device 20 have the same sign. Therefore, the set value generator 64 generates the SOC correction value SOCc as it is as the set value Ps. Note that the set value Ps may be a value obtained by multiplying the SOC correction value SOCc by a predetermined gain.

The set value Ps generated in this manner is input to the second command generation unit 65 . For example, when the SOC correction value SOCc is the charge correction value SOCcc, the set value Ps becomes a negative value. As a result, the second command SC2 becomes more likely to become the increase command SC2u, or the second command SC2 becomes less likely to become the decrease command SC2d. Therefore, the second output power from the power output device 20 is promoted with respect to the transferred power RP. As a result, the transfer power RP, positive for the side receiving power from the external power system 4 to the power utilization equipment 1, tends to be lower than the transfer power target value RPo. Therefore, first command generation unit 62 can easily generate first command SC1 to charge storage battery 92 regardless of fluctuations in target value of transferred electric power RPo, and storage battery 92 is charged.

On the other hand, when the SOC correction value SOCc is the discharge correction value SOCcd, the set value Ps is a positive value. This makes it easier for the second command SC2 to become the decrease command SC2d, or makes it more difficult for the second command SC2 to become the increase command SC2u. Therefore, the second output power from the power output device 20 is suppressed with respect to the transferred power RP. As a result, the transfer power RP easily exceeds the transfer power target value RPo. Therefore, the first command generation unit 62 can easily generate the first command SC1 to discharge the storage device 92 of the transfer power RP regardless of the variation in the transfer power target value RPo, and the storage device 92 is discharged.

In the present embodiment, set value generator 64 sets set value Ps to zero when SOC correction value SOCc is zero. That is, when the SOC of the storage battery 92 is within the proper range of the second reference value R2 or more and less than the first reference value R1, the second command generation unit 65 controls the power output device 20 so that the first output power becomes zero. A second command SC2 is generated to adjust the output second output power.

FIG. 11 is a schematic graph in the case where the transfer power control according to the present embodiment is performed in the demand response shown in FIG. In FIG. 11, the received power planned value BL and the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 requested by the power management system 7 are the same as in FIG. Also in FIG. 11 , as in FIG. 3 , the actual demand RL, which is the power required by the power utilization facility 1 during the DR request period TDR, increases from the received power plan value BL.

According to the above configuration, the first output power of the power converter 91 by charging/discharging the capacitor 92 is controlled according to the first power deviation ΔRP of the transferred power RP with respect to the transferred power target value RPo. Furthermore, the second output power of the power output device 20 is adjusted so that the power output device 20 bears the variation of the first output power of the power converter 91 instead of the capacitor 92 .

For example, when the actual demand RL in the power utilization facility 1 exceeds the planned power reception value BL, the first output power from the power converter 91 is increased by discharging the battery 92 so as to compensate for the increased power. . Furthermore, the second output power from the power output device 20 increases so that the increment of the first output power from the power converter 91 is borne instead of the capacitor 92 . As a result, in FIG. 11, the power borne by the power output device 20 in the DR request period TDR with respect to the received power plan value BL is added to the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2, and the deviation of the actual demand RL from the received power plan value BL The power RQc is obtained by adding The amount of electric power at this time is indicated by the shaded area in FIG.

On the other hand, since there are cases where the response speed of the power output device 20 alone cannot cope with the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 for which the evaluation of the transfer power RP is performed in shorter time units, the power storage device 92 with a fast response speed bears the burden. . Therefore, it is possible to deal with power fluctuations with a high response speed that cannot be dealt with by the power output device 20 alone.

As a result, in the power utilization equipment 1 including the power output device 20, the power utilization equipment 1 can be supplied and received with various powers RP to the external power system 4 with a simple configuration without considering the responsiveness of the power output device 20. Able to meet demand and supply requirements. As a result, since the power output device 20 bears the power fluctuation that the power output device 20 can respond to, the power storage capacity of the storage battery 92 is determined by the response speed of the power output device 20 and the load 5 connected to the power utilization equipment 1. can be minimized in consideration of the fluctuation of the received power or the received power planned value BL.

Moreover, the power meter side point necessary for realizing the control in the present embodiment is only the connection point 30 for measuring the transfer power RP, and the power measurement at other positions is unnecessary. Therefore, the control according to the present embodiment can be easily applied even to the existing power utilization equipment 1 without performing additional equipment construction or the like.

Further, as is clear from FIG. 11, according to the above configuration, by increasing or decreasing the power output from the battery 92 in accordance with the first power deviation ΔRP between the transfer power RP and the transfer power target value RPo, the power utilization is reduced. The transfer power RP can be maintained at the transfer power target value RPo regardless of the load fluctuations in the facility 1 .

In addition, although a plurality of power output devices 20 are connected to the external power system 4 via the connection point 30, there is no need to measure the output power of the power output devices 20 individually. system configuration can be simplified. Furthermore, as described above, the second command SC2 to the power output device 20 is only a simple increase command SC2u, decrease command SC2d, or maintenance command SC2m. control adjustments are not required.

Among the power output devices 20, the power output device 20 with a fast response speed responds quickly and the power output device 20 with a slow response speed responds slowly to such a second command SC2. Even if the power output devices 20 with different responsiveness are provided, the output power can be automatically shared among the plurality of power output devices 20 according to the responsiveness. In other words, a plurality of power output devices 20 with different responsiveness can be connected to the external power system 4 via a common connection point 30 to easily adjust the power sharing. As a plurality of power output devices 20 with different responsiveness, different types of generators may be connected, or a combination of generators, storage batteries, or fuel cells may be connected.

Furthermore, when there are a plurality of power output devices 20, for example, a power output device that is outputting near the rated power and has a small amount of spare power and a power output device that has a large amount of spare power, the power output with a small spare power is output in response to the increase command SC2u. Since the device does not output power exceeding the rated power, it is possible to automatically increase the output power to be borne by the power output device with a large spare capacity.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the power utilization facility 1 including the power output device 20, the external power system of the power utilization facility 1 can be controlled with a simple configuration without considering the responsiveness of the power output device 20. 4 can be appropriately controlled so that the transfer power RP becomes the transfer power target value RPo.

Moreover, the second command generation unit 65 does not need to acquire the output power of each power output device 20 or the power consumption of the load in order to generate the second command SC2. That is, the power utilization facility 1 in the present embodiment does not need a configuration for individually measuring the output power of the power output device 20 or measuring the power consumption of the load. Therefore, the system configuration in the power utilization equipment 1 can be simplified. Furthermore, even if it becomes necessary to change the device configuration of the power utilization equipment 1, it is possible to cope with this without changing the control.

In addition, by changing the set value Ps, which is the reference for adjusting the second output power from the power output device 20, according to the SOC value of the capacitor 92, the power RP given and received at the connection point 30 changes to the power received plan. The second output power is adjusted such that each required component for value BL is satisfied and the SOC of capacitor 92 is brought closer to SOC target value SOCo. As a result, the SOC of battery 92 can be maintained within a predetermined range based on SOC target value SOCo. Therefore, power adjustment using the storage battery 92 can be continued without using a separate device for charging and discharging the storage battery 92 . Also by this, the storage capacity of the storage battery 92 can be reduced.

Further, in the present embodiment, the set value generator 64 outputs 0 as the SOC correction value SOCc when the SOC deviation ΔSOC is equal to or greater than the second reference value R2 and less than the first reference value R1. That is, even if the SOC deviation ΔSOC is not 0, the set value Ps that serves as the reference for the second output power is not corrected. By creating such a dead band region in which correction of the set value Ps is not performed, it is possible to suppress frequent charging and discharging related to SOC correction of the capacitor 92 .

Here, in the present embodiment, second command generation unit 65 generates maintenance command SC2m when second power deviation ΔP is equal to or greater than second threshold value T2 and less than first threshold value T1. That is, even when the second power deviation ΔP is not 0, the output power output from the power output device 20 is maintained. By creating such a dead band region in which neither an increase command nor a decrease command is output, frequent changes in the output power from the power output device 20 can be suppressed.

On the other hand, when the second power deviation ΔP is maintained between the first threshold value T1 and the second threshold value T2, the second power deviation ΔP continues to remain. The remaining second power deviation ΔP will continue to be borne by the capacitor 92 . Therefore, the controller 6 performs control based not only on the transferred power RP but also on the transferred power amount. More specifically, the power deviation correction unit 63 of the controller 6 generates a power correction value based on the transferred power amount, and corrects the first power deviation ΔRP using the power correction value RPc. At this time, the first power deviation ΔRP is RPo+RPc−RP.

12 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a power deviation correction unit shown in FIG. 5. FIG. As shown in FIG. 12 , the power deviation correction section 63 includes a power amount deviation calculation section 631 and a correction value generation section 632 . The power amount deviation calculating unit 631 calculates a transfer power amount RE obtained by integrating the transfer power amount RP and a transfer power amount target value REo obtained by integrating the transfer power target value RPo. A power amount deviation ΔRE with respect to the amount target value REo is calculated.

In the present embodiment, the power amount deviation calculator 631 includes a transferred power amount calculator 633 and a transferred power amount target value calculator 634 . The transferred power amount calculator 633 calculates the transferred power amount RE by integrating the measured transferred power RP. The transfer power amount target value calculation unit 634 integrates the transfer power target value RPo to calculate the transfer power amount target value REo. Both the transferred power amount calculation unit 633 and the transferred power amount target value calculation unit 634 include an integrator. That is, the transferred power amount calculation unit 633 integrates the transferred power RP, which is the input instantaneous value. Similarly, the transfer power amount target value calculation unit 634 integrates the transfer power target value RPo, which is the input instantaneous value.

The power amount deviation calculator 631 subtracts the transferred power amount RE from the transferred power amount target value REo to calculate the power amount deviation ΔRE. Correction value generator 632 generates power correction value RPc from power amount deviation ΔRE. More specifically, when the power amount deviation ΔRE is greater than or equal to a predetermined first reference value C1, the correction value generation unit 632 generates a power correction value RPc that increases the first power deviation ΔRP. is less than a second reference value C2 which is smaller than the first reference value C1, the power correction value RPc is generated to reduce the first power deviation ΔRP. In this embodiment, the first reference value C1 is set to a predetermined positive value, and the second reference value C2 is set to a negative value having the same magnitude as the first reference value C1.

For example, when the second power deviation ΔP maintains a value greater than 0 and less than the first threshold value T1, the power amount deviation ΔRE monotonically increases within the second unit time. When the power amount deviation ΔRE exceeds the first reference value C1, the correction value generator 632 generates a power correction value RPc that increases the first power deviation ΔRP. For example, a predetermined positive offset value Pch is given as the power correction value RPc. Although the magnitude of the offset value Pch is not particularly limited, it may be equal to or greater than the first threshold value T1, for example.

As first power deviation ΔRP increases, the first output power of power converter 91 output based on first command SC1 tends to become a negative value. As a result, the second power deviation ΔP exceeds or tends to exceed the first threshold value T1. Therefore, the second command generation unit 65 outputs or is likely to output the decrease command SC2d. As a result, the first power deviation ΔRP is reduced.

The same is true when the second power deviation ΔP maintains a value smaller than 0 and smaller than the second threshold value T2. When the power amount deviation ΔRE falls below the second reference value C2, the correction value generator 632 generates a power correction value RPc that reduces the first power deviation ΔRP. For example, a predetermined negative offset value Pcl is given as the power correction value RPc.

As first power deviation ΔRP decreases, the first output power of power converter 91 output based on first command SC1 tends to become a positive value. As a result, the second power deviation ΔP falls below, or tends to fall below, the second threshold value T2. Therefore, the second command generation unit 65 outputs or is likely to output the increase command SC2u. As a result, the first power deviation ΔRP increases.

According to such a configuration, by adding the power correction value RPc based on the transferred power amount RE to the first power deviation ΔRP based on the measured transferred power RP, when only the instantaneous value of the transferred power RP is controlled, Accumulation of small deviations that may occur can be corrected. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately control the transferred/received power amount RE for each second unit time, which is used for evaluating or determining the demand response achievement rate, to be the transferred/received power amount target value REo. As a result, the achievement rate of demand response can be increased.

In the present embodiment, correction value generating section 632 sets power correction value RPc to 0 when power amount deviation ΔRE is greater than or equal to second reference value C2 and less than first reference value C1. That is, in this case, no correction based on the amount of electric power is performed. Furthermore, the correction value generation unit 632 outputs a first reference value C1 and a second reference value C1 and a second reference value which are threshold values for switching from a state in which 0 is output as the power correction value RPc to output predetermined offset values Pch and Pcl. A hysteresis characteristic is provided between C2 and a third reference value C3 and a fourth reference value C4, which are threshold values for switching from the state where the predetermined offset values Pch and Pcl are output as the power correction value RPc to 0. I'm letting

That is, the third reference value C3 for switching the power correction value RPc to 0 from the state in which the positive offset value Pch is being output is set to a value that makes the power amount deviation ΔRE greater than 0 and less than the first reference value C1. Similarly, the fourth reference value C4 for switching the power correction value RPc to 0 from the state in which the negative offset value Pcl is being output is set to a value that makes the power amount deviation ΔRE smaller than 0 and larger than the second reference value C2. . As a result, frequent switching of the power correction value RPc can be prevented, and stable control can be performed. However, the correction value generator 632 does not have to have hysteresis characteristics in switching the power correction value RPc.

[simulation result]
Simulation results of the control mode in this embodiment are shown below. In this simulation, as an example, in the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the power output device 20 was a generator, and each value was set as follows.
・Generator rated output: 7500 kW
・Accumulator rated output: 500 kW
・Electric power fluctuation at the load: fluctuates between 6,500 kW and 12,000 kW ・First power reception suppression request amount: fluctuates between 0 kW and 1,000 kW ・Planned power received: fixed at 5,500 kW ・Target value of power transfer: fluctuates between 4,500 kW and 5,500 kW

FIG. 16 is a graph showing load power fluctuations in one simulation. FIG. 17 is a graph showing changes in the first power reception suppression request amount in this simulation. Also, FIG. 18 is a graph showing changes in the transfer power target value in this simulation.

In this simulation, the change in the transfer power target value RPo is only the change in the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1. As described above, the transfer power RP takes a positive value when the power utilization equipment 1 receives power supply from the external power system 4 . The first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 indicates an amount by which the transfer power RP is reduced from the power reception plan value BL. Therefore, the graph of the transfer power target value RPo in this simulation is obtained by subtracting the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 from the power reception plan value BL, as shown in FIG.

A simulation was performed in which the transfer power RP follows such a change in the transfer power target value RPo according to the control mode of the present embodiment. FIG. 19 is a graph showing changes in power transfer and reception when this simulation is performed in the example. FIG. 20 is a graph showing changes in power transfer and reception when this simulation is performed in the comparative example. The graph of the comparative example in FIG. 20 shows a similar simulation of the configuration of the embodiment, in which the power storage device 92 is not provided, that is, the power adjustment is performed only with the second output power from the power generator, which is the power output device 20. shows the results of 19 and 20 are graphs of average values for every 5 minutes.

As described above, the tolerance TI is set for the differential power request given as an example of the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1. When the allowable difference TI is set in the range of 100 kW above and below the differential power request, an upper limit value UL and a lower limit value LL are set for the transfer power target value RPo, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 . 4, the graphs of FIGS. 19 and 20 use the upper limit value UL of the differential power request as the minimum allowable value for the transfer power RP, and the lower limit value LL of the differential power request as the allowable minimum value for the transfer power RP. Allowable maximum value. The power utilization equipment 1 is required that the transferred power RP is within the allowable difference TI between the upper limit value UL and the lower limit value LL determined according to the transferred power target value RPo.

As shown in FIG. 20, in the simulation result of the comparative example, the transfer power RP_c is barely within the tolerance TI. However, there are some places where the transferred power RP_c is visibly deviated from the transferred power target value RPo, for example, around 185 minutes. Therefore, if the load fluctuation is larger than that in this simulation shown in FIG. 16, the allowable difference TI may be exceeded.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 19, the simulation results in the example show that the transfer power RP_e follows the transfer power target value RPo with little deviation. Therefore, in this embodiment, even if the load fluctuation becomes larger, it is presumed that it can be handled within the tolerance TI.

As described above, according to the control mode of the power utilization facility 1 in the above embodiment, the power RP transferred to and received from the external power system 4 by the power utilization facility 1 is reduced to the first power reception suppression request amount, which is the power fluctuation in a shorter period of time. It can be seen that various supply and demand demands, including RQ1, can be accommodated.

[Other embodiments]
From the above description, many modifications and other embodiments of this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the above description is to be construed as illustrative only and is provided for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the manner of carrying out the present disclosure. Substantial details of its construction or function may be changed without departing from the spirit of the disclosure.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 and the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 both exceed the power supplied from the external power system 4 to the power utilization equipment 1 with respect to the received power planned value BL. Although the case where the first power reception suppression request amount RQ1 or the second power reception suppression request amount RQ2 is an amount that increases the received power with respect to the received power plan value BL, the above It can be similarly controlled by the configuration in the embodiment.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the control mode in the case where power is supplied from the external power system 4 to the power utilization equipment 1, that is, the control mode of the received power was exemplified, but the power output device 20 of the power utilization equipment 1 The above embodiment can also be applied to the control mode when the output power of is supplied to the external power system 4, that is, the control mode of the sold power.

There is a transaction in which the power output device 20 generates more power than the power demand of the power utilization equipment 1 and reversely flows the surplus power to the grid, thereby selling the power to an electric power company. In this case, it is necessary to reverse the power flow to the grid with the power sales planned value planned in advance with the electric power company.

Even in such a case, in order to appropriately control the transfer power RP to and from the external power system 4 in response to changes in the power supplied to the load 5, in other words, to prevent deviation from the power sales plan value, It becomes necessary to control the output power of the power output device 20 according to the condition of the load 5 . That is, the control of the sold power in the power utilization equipment 1 also has the same problem as the control of the received power accompanying the DR request.

For example, if the above configuration is used as it is and the transferred power is the sold power, the same control can be performed by treating the transferred power RP as a negative value. FIG. 13 is a graph showing a case where the output power of the power output device is sold in the present embodiment. As in the graph of FIG. 2, the demanded power, that is, the received power has a positive value, and the sold power has a negative value.

In the graph of FIG. 13 , the transferred power RP is the sold power that is supplied to the external power system 4, so it changes as a negative value. The graph of FIG. 13 shows a case where a power sales request for the requested power sales amount RQ2 is made from a retail electricity supplier or the like during the period TS. In this case, the transfer power target value RPo in the period TS is the power sale target value RQ2, which is the power sale request amount for each second unit time. That is, RPo=RQ2 (<0). Therefore, the first power deviation .DELTA.RP output from the power deviation calculator 61 is .DELTA.RP=RQ2-RP (RQ2, RP<0). First command generator 62 generates first command SC1 according to first power deviation ΔRP.

With the above configuration, the transferred power RP is controlled so as to match the transferred power target value RPo, which is equal to the sold power target value RQ2. Furthermore, the second command generator 65 adjusts the second output power output from the power output device 20 so that the first output power becomes the predetermined set value Ps. Therefore, it is possible to make the transfer of power to and from the external power system 4 of the power utilization facility 1 correspond to various demands for supply and demand. Also in this case, more appropriate control can be realized by correcting the first power deviation ΔRP based on the power amount by the power deviation correction unit 63 .

Thus, in the above-described embodiment, when the power supplied and received at connection point 30 is supplied from external power system 4, that is, when it takes a positive value and when power is supplied to external power system 4, that is, , and negative values can be controlled in the same manner. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to the power utilization facility 1 where the received power has both a positive value and a negative value, such as selling power at night and receiving power during the day.

It should be noted that the same control can be performed by setting the power supplied and received at the connection point 30 to a positive value when power is supplied to the external power system 4 and a negative value when power is supplied from the external power system 4 .

Further, in the above embodiment, the first threshold value T1 and the second threshold value T2 are set to different values, but the first threshold value T1 and the second threshold value The value T2 may be set to the same value, eg 0. In this case, the second command generator 65 generates a decrease command SC2d when the second command SC2 is equal to or greater than the common threshold, and generates an increase command SC2u when the second command SC2 is less than the common threshold. That is, no maintenance command SC2m is generated.

Similarly, in the above embodiment, the correction value generator 632 sets the power correction value RPc to 0 when the power amount deviation ΔRE is equal to or greater than the second reference value C2 and less than the first reference value C1, and does not perform correction. Although the aspect was illustrated, it is not restricted to this. For example, the first reference value C1 and the second reference value C2 may be set to the same value. In this case, the power deviation correction unit 63 always outputs a significant power correction value RPc (≠0).

Alternatively, the first reference value C1 and the second reference value C2 may be set to values different from each other, and a hysteresis characteristic may be provided between them. 14 is a diagram showing another example of the input/output relationship of the correction value generator shown in FIG. 12. FIG. 14 shows only the correction value generating section 632B of the configuration shown in FIG. 12, but the rest of the configuration of the power deviation correction section 63 is the same as the configuration shown in FIG.

Correction value generating section 632B shown in FIG. 14 outputs either positive offset value Pch or negative offset value Pcl according to the value of input power amount deviation ΔRE. Correction value generating section 632B converts output power correction value RPc to a negative offset value when power amount deviation ΔRE becomes less than second reference value C2, which is smaller than 0, from a state in which positive offset value Pch is being output. Switch to Pcl. Further, correction value generating section 632B changes output power correction value RPc to a positive value when power amount deviation ΔRE becomes equal to or greater than first reference value C1, which is larger than 0, from a state in which negative offset value Pcl is being output. Switch to the offset value Pch.

Also with such a configuration, frequent switching of the power correction value RPc can be prevented, and stable control can be performed.

Further, in the above embodiment, the first reference value R1 and the second reference value R2 for calculating the SOC correction value SOCc are set to different values, but the first reference value R1 and the second reference value R2 It may be set to the same value (eg, 0) as the reference value R2. In this case, correction value calculator 642 outputs charge correction value SOCcc when SOC correction value SOCc is equal to or greater than the common threshold, and outputs discharge correction value SOCcd when SOC correction value SOCc is less than the common threshold. That is, the SOC correction value SOCc never becomes zero.

Alternatively, the first reference value R1 and the second reference value R2 may be set to values different from each other, and a hysteresis characteristic may be provided between them. 15 is a diagram showing another example of the input/output relationship of the correction value calculation unit shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 15 shows only the correction value calculator 642B of the configuration shown in FIG. 10, the rest of the configuration of the set value generator 64 is the same as the configuration shown in FIG.

Correction value calculation unit 642B shown in FIG. 15 outputs either charge correction value SOCcc or discharge correction value SOCcd according to the value of input SOC deviation ΔSOC. Correction value calculation unit 642B converts SOC correction value SOCc to output to negative discharge correction value when SOC deviation ΔSOC becomes less than second reference value R2, which is smaller than 0, from a state in which positive charge correction value SOCcc is being output. Switch to value SOCcd. Furthermore, when the SOC deviation ΔSOC becomes greater than or equal to the first reference value R1 larger than 0 from the state where the negative discharge correction value SOCcd is being output, the correction value calculation unit 642B changes the SOC correction value SOCc to be output to a positive value. Switch to the charge correction value SOCcc.

With such a configuration as well, frequent switching of the SOC correction value SOCc can be prevented, and stable control can be performed.

Further, in the above embodiment, the electric energy deviation calculation unit 631 calculates the exchanged electric energy RE from the exchanged electric power RP, calculates the exchanged electric energy target value REo from the exchanged electric power target value RPo, and calculates the exchanged electric energy target value REo. A configuration for generating the power amount deviation ΔRE by subtracting the transferred power amount RE from is exemplified. Alternatively, the power amount deviation calculator 631 may calculate the power amount deviation ΔRE by integrating a value obtained by subtracting the transfer power RP from the transfer power target value RPo.

Further, in the above embodiment, the power output device 20 outputs power based on the second command SC2 corresponding to the second power deviation ΔP. In addition to the second command SC2 corresponding to , control may be performed based on other control signals. For example, the controller 6 or another controller may calculate and set a load distribution that minimizes the fuel cost, and input a control command to the power output device 20 to achieve such load distribution. When the power output device 20 is controlled based on such a control command and receives an increase command SC2u from the controller 6, the power output device 20 further increases the current output power. good too.

Further, the control mode in the above embodiment is applied only during the DR request period TDR set in advance as the period during which the DR request is made, and in other cases, the above control does not have to be performed. In other words, the power utilization equipment 1 may be configured to be capable of switching between the control modes in the above embodiments and other control modes as appropriate. In this case, for periods other than the DR request period TDR and the effective period of the differential power request, for example, the output power of the power output device 20 may be set according to an operation pattern that optimizes the fuel cost. Alternatively, control of power converter 91 using first command SC1 and control of power utilization equipment 1 using second command SC2 may be performed regardless of whether it is DR request period TDR or not. Moreover, regardless of whether the differential power request is valid or not, the power converter 91 may be controlled using the first command SC1 and the power utilization equipment 1 may be controlled using the second command SC2.

In the above embodiment, the first command generation unit 62 and the second command generation unit 65 are included in one controller 6, but the first controller includes the first command generation unit 62. , the second command generator 65 may be included in a second controller different from the first controller. Other components of the controller 6, that is, the target value generation unit 60, the power deviation calculation unit 61, the power deviation correction unit 63, or the set value generation unit 64 are the first controller or the second controller, respectively. It may be included in either one, or may be included in a third controller different from these controllers.

Also, the number of power output devices 20 connected to the external power system 4 via the connection point 30 may be one or two or more. Moreover, as the power output device 20 connected to the external power system 4 via the connection point 30 as described above, various power output devices such as a generator or a battery can be applied. When a storage battery is applied as the power output device 20, it is possible not only to generate power but also to charge the storage battery, which is the power output device 20. FIG. When a plurality of power output devices 20 are connected to the external power system 4 via the connection point 30, the power output devices 20 having similar responsiveness may be connected, or the power output devices 20 having different responsiveness may be connected. 20 may be connected.

Also, a power generation facility independent of the controller 6 may be connected to the external power system 4 via the connection point 30 . Such power generation equipment is, for example, power generation equipment using renewable energy such as solar power generation equipment. Such power generation equipment cannot be controlled by the controller 6 because the generated power cannot be adjusted. Renewable energy means natural energy such as sunlight, hydraulic power, wind power, and geothermal power. Further, there may be power output devices that are not controlled by the controller 6, such as motor generators, even if they are power output devices whose generated power can be adjusted by the controller 6. FIG.

The capacitor 92 connected to the power converter 91 is not particularly limited. For example, the storage battery 92 may be a secondary battery or a capacitor.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the set value generation unit 64 sets the set value Ps so as to maintain the SOC of the battery 92 within a predetermined range. A predetermined fixed value, such as 0, may be set as the set value Ps without considering the SOC. In that case, for example, the power utilization facility 1 may additionally include a charging/discharging system that charges and discharges the battery 92 so as to maintain the SOC of the battery 92 within a predetermined range. This charging/discharging system may operate with a control system different from the control system based on the first command SC1 and the second command SC2.

It should be noted that the functionality of the elements disclosed herein may be achieved by general purpose processors, special purpose processors, integrated circuits, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), conventional circuits, or any combination thereof configured or programmed to perform the disclosed functions. can be implemented using a circuit or processing circuit that includes a combination of A processor is considered a processing circuit or circuit because it includes transistors and other circuits. As used herein, a circuit, unit or means (... part) is hardware that performs the recited functions or is hardware that is programmed to perform the recited functions. The hardware may be the hardware disclosed herein, or other known hardware programmed or configured to perform the recited functions. A circuit, unit or means is a combination of hardware and software where the hardware is a processor which is considered a type of circuit, the software being used to configure the hardware or the processor.

[Summary of this disclosure]
A power utilization facility according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes at least one power output device that transfers power to and receives power from an external power system via a connection point, a power measuring device that measures the power transfer and reception at the connection point, and the connection a power converter connected to the external power system via a point; a capacitor connected to the power converter; and a controller controlling the power output device and the power converter, wherein the controller generates a transfer power target value based on a power transfer request value, calculates a first power deviation by subtracting the transfer power target value from the transfer power target value, and determines that the transfer power is calculated based on the first power deviation controlling the first output power from the power converter by charging/discharging the storage device so as to achieve the transfer power target value; to adjust the second output power.

According to the above configuration, the first output power of the power converter by charging/discharging of the capacitor is controlled according to the first power deviation of the transferred power from the transferred power target value. Further, the second output power of the power output device is adjusted so that the power output device bears the variation of the first output power of the power converter instead of the capacitor. Therefore, it is possible to deal with power fluctuations with a high response speed, which cannot be dealt with by the power output device alone. As a result, in a power utilization facility equipped with a power output device, it is possible to respond to various supply and demand requests for the power supplied to and received from an external power system of the power utilization facility with a simple configuration without considering the responsiveness of the power output device. can be done. As a result, the power output device bears the power fluctuation that the power output device can respond to. It can be reduced to the minimum necessary considering the value etc.

According to the above configuration of the present disclosure, the above problems that cannot be solved by the above Patent Documents 1 and 2 can be resolved.

For example, in Patent Document 1, when a DR request is made in a system equipped with a storage battery, a virtual received power bias value is added to the actual received power to calculate the virtual received power at the time of negawatt trading, and the actual received power Instead, a system output command value output from the storage battery is generated based on the virtual received power.

However, in Patent Literature 1, it is necessary to switch the control mode depending on whether or not there is a DR request. Further, in Patent Document 1, a power value is calculated as a command value for the system output output from the storage battery. Therefore, it becomes necessary to measure the current value of the system output. Therefore, in a power utilization facility having a plurality of power output devices, it is necessary to measure individual output values and calculate individual command values.

In addition, when trying to apply the aspect of Patent Document 1 to power utilization equipment using a generator such as a prime mover generator instead of a storage battery, when calculating the command value of the system output, the response of the slow prime mover generator It becomes necessary to set the command value in consideration of the responsiveness of If the responsiveness is not taken into consideration, the output of the generator will not be able to follow the command value, and the control may diverge. In addition, in a power utilization facility having a plurality of power output devices with different characteristics, it is necessary to consider the responsiveness of each device, and it is not easy to apply the aspect of Patent Document 1 to such a system.

In this regard, Patent Document 2 discloses a control mode that takes into consideration the characteristics of each of a plurality of generators. It becomes necessary to design control parameters for each machine.

As described above, the control modes of Patent Literatures 1 and 2 cannot be easily applied to the control of power utilization equipment having various types of power output devices. Moreover, the above-described problems may occur not only in the control of the power output device in response to the DR request, but also in various control situations of the power output device such as power selling.

On the other hand, according to the above configuration of the present disclosure, it is not necessary to switch the control mode depending on whether there is a DR request. Moreover, there is no need to measure the current value of the system output, and there is no need to individually control a plurality of power output devices. In spite of this, it is possible to make the supply and demand of electric power supplied to and received from the external electric power system of the electric power utilization facility correspond to various supply and demand requests, for example, the electric power supply and demand request in a shorter unit time such as called tertiary control power -2.

a state-of-charge detector that detects the state of charge of the storage device, wherein the controller generates a state-of-charge correction value based on a state-of-charge deviation obtained by subtracting the detected value of the state of charge from a predetermined target state of charge value; A predetermined set value may be set to a value corresponding to the state of charge correction value. By changing the reference set value for adjusting the second output power from the power output device according to the value of the state of charge of the capacitor, the power exchanged and received at the connection point satisfies each required component, and The second output power is adjusted to bring the state of charge of the capacitor closer to the target state of charge. As a result, the state of charge of the battery can be maintained within a predetermined range based on the target state of charge value. Therefore, power adjustment using the battery can be continued without using a separate device that charges and discharges the battery.

The controller generates, as the state-of-charge correction value, a state-of-charge correction value for charging the battery when the state-of-charge deviation is greater than or equal to a predetermined first reference value, and the state-of-charge deviation is the first reference value. generating a discharge correction value for discharging the electric storage device as the state of charge correction value when the state of charge deviation is less than the second reference value, and the state of charge deviation is equal to or greater than the second reference value and less than the first reference value; the state-of-charge correction value may be set to zero when the state-of-charge correction value is within the range of , and the predetermined set value may be set to zero when the state-of-charge correction value is zero.

The controller calculates a transfer power amount obtained by integrating the transfer power and a transfer power amount target value obtained by integrating the transfer power target value. A power amount deviation may be calculated, a power correction value may be generated based on the power amount deviation, and the power correction value may be added to the first power deviation to correct the first power deviation. According to such a configuration, by adding the power correction value based on the amount of transferred power to the first power deviation based on the measured transferred power, a minute deviation that can occur when only the instantaneous value of transferred power is controlled. can be corrected for the accumulation of

The controller generates a decrease command to decrease the second output power when a second power deviation obtained by subtracting the first output power from the set value is equal to or greater than a predetermined first threshold value, and 2 generating an increase command to increase the second output power when the power deviation is less than a second threshold smaller than the first threshold, wherein the second power deviation is equal to or greater than the second threshold and If less than the first threshold, a maintenance command may be generated to maintain the second output power.

Accordingly, by adding the maintenance command to the decrease command and increase command as the command for the second output power, the second output power of the power output device can be further stabilized.

The power transfer request value includes a first power reception suppression request amount requesting that the output be changed within a predetermined first unit time, and a second power reception suppression request amount for each second unit time shorter than the first unit time. wherein, every third unit time shorter than the first unit time and the second unit time, the controller reduces the first received power suppression request amount and The received power target value may be calculated by subtracting the second power reception suppression request amount. The transfer power target value may include a power sales target value for each predetermined second unit time.

A controller according to another aspect of the present disclosure includes at least one power output device that transmits and receives power to and from an external power system via a connection point, a power measuring device that measures the power transmitted and received at the connection point, and the connection A controller for controlling the power output device and the power converter in a power utilization facility comprising: a power converter connected to the external power system via a point; and a capacitor connected to the power converter. generating a transfer power target value based on the power transfer request value, calculating a first power deviation by subtracting the acquired transfer power from the transfer power target value, and calculating a first power deviation based on the first power deviation controls the first output power from the power converter by charging and discharging the storage device so that the transfer power becomes the transfer power target value, and controls the first output power so that the first output power becomes a predetermined set value. A second output power output from the power output device is adjusted.

1 power utilization equipment 4 external power system 6 controller 8 power meter 20 power output device 30 connection point 91 power converter 92 capacitor 93 state of charge (SOC) detector

Claims (8)

at least one power output device that transmits and receives power via a connection point with an external power system;
a power measuring instrument for measuring power transfer and reception at the connection point;
a power converter connected to the external power system via the connection point;
a capacitor connected to the power converter;
a controller that controls the power output device and the power converter,
The controller is
generating a power transfer target value based on the power transfer request value;
calculating a first power deviation obtained by subtracting the transfer power from the transfer power target value;
Based on the first power deviation, controlling the first output power from the power converter by charging and discharging the storage device so that the transferred power becomes the transferred power target value;
A power utilization facility that adjusts the second output power output from the power output device so that the first output power becomes a predetermined set value. A state-of-charge detector that detects the state of charge of the storage battery,
The controller is
generating a state-of-charge correction value based on a state-of-charge deviation obtained by subtracting the detected state-of-charge value from a predetermined target state-of-charge value;
2. The power utilization equipment according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined set value is set to a value corresponding to said state of charge correction value. The controller is
generating a charge correction value for charging the battery as the charge state correction value when the state of charge deviation is equal to or greater than a predetermined first reference value;
generating, as the state of charge correction value, a discharge correction value for discharging the battery when the state of charge deviation is less than a second reference value that is less than the first reference value;
setting the state of charge correction value to zero when the state of charge deviation is within a predetermined range equal to or greater than the second reference value and less than the first reference value;
3. The power utilization equipment according to claim 2, wherein said predetermined setting value is set to zero when said state of charge correction value is zero. The controller is
calculating a transfer power amount obtained by integrating the transfer power and a transfer power amount target value obtained by integrating the transfer power target value, and calculating a power amount deviation of the transfer power amount with respect to the transfer power amount target value; death,
generating a power correction value based on the power amount deviation;
4. The power utilization facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said power correction value is added to said first power deviation to correct said first power deviation. The controller generates a decrease command to decrease the second output power when a second power deviation obtained by subtracting the first output power from the set value is equal to or greater than a predetermined first threshold value, and 2 generating an increase command to increase the second output power when the power deviation is less than a second threshold smaller than the first threshold, wherein the second power deviation is equal to or greater than the second threshold and 5. The power utilization facility according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a maintenance command for maintaining said second output power is generated when said output power is less than said first threshold. The power transfer request value includes a first power reception suppression request amount requesting that the output be changed within a predetermined first unit time, and a second power reception suppression request every second unit time shorter than the first unit time. including the amount of
Every third unit time shorter than the first unit time and the second unit time, the controller converts a received power planned value predetermined for each second unit time to the first power reception suppression request amount and the first 6. The power utilization facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the target transfer power value is calculated by subtracting the requested power reception suppression amount. 7. The power utilization facility according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said transfer power target value includes a power sale target value for each second predetermined unit time. At least one power output device that transmits and receives power to and from an external power system via a connection point, a power measuring instrument that measures the power transmitted and received at the connection point, and is connected to the external power system through the connection point. A controller for controlling the power output device and the power converter in a power utilization facility comprising a power converter and a capacitor connected to the power converter,
generating a transfer power target value based on the power transfer request value;
calculating a first power deviation obtained by subtracting the obtained transfer power from the transfer power target value;
Based on the first power deviation, controlling the first output power from the power converter by charging and discharging the storage device so that the transferred power becomes the transferred power target value;
A controller that adjusts the second output power output from the power output device so that the first output power becomes a predetermined set value.

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