JP7348180B2 - バッテリシステムとバッテリシステムを備える電動車両及び蓄電装置 - Google Patents
バッテリシステムとバッテリシステムを備える電動車両及び蓄電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7348180B2 JP7348180B2 JP2020530170A JP2020530170A JP7348180B2 JP 7348180 B2 JP7348180 B2 JP 7348180B2 JP 2020530170 A JP2020530170 A JP 2020530170A JP 2020530170 A JP2020530170 A JP 2020530170A JP 7348180 B2 JP7348180 B2 JP 7348180B2
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- battery
- battery system
- cooling plate
- heat
- heat insulating
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Images
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
さらに以下に示す実施形態は、本発明の技術思想を具体例を示するものであって、本発明を以下に限定するものではない。また、以下に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対的配置等は、特定的な記載がない限り、本発明の範囲をそれのみに限定する趣旨ではなく、例示することを意図したものである。また、一の実施の形態、実施例において説明する内容は、他の実施の形態、実施例にも適用可能である。また、図面が示す部材の大きさや位置関係等は、説明を明確にするため、誇張していることがある。
電池セル1は、図2に示すように、厚さに比べて幅が広い、言い換えると幅よりも薄い角形の電池で、厚さ方向に積層されて電池積層体2としている。電池セル1は、電池ケースを金属ケースとする非水系電解液電池である。非水系電解液電池である電池セル1は、リチウムイオン二次電池である。ただし、電池セルは、ニッケル水素電池やニッケルカドミウム電池等の二次電池とすることもできる。図の電池セル1は、幅の広い両側の主面を四角形とする角形電池で、主面を対向するように積層して電池積層体2としている。
図2に示す電池積層体2は、複数の電池セル1を厚さ方向に積層している。図1と図2に示す電池積層体2は、複数の電池セル1を、排出弁を設けた面が略同一面に位置する姿勢で積層して、各電池セル1の排出弁を同一平面上に配置している。図の電池積層体2は、排出弁を設けている封口板を上面とする姿勢で、複数の電池セル1を積層している。
冷却プレート3は、熱伝導特性に優れたアルミニウムやアルミニウム合金などの金属板31で製作される。冷却プレート3は熱暴走エネルギーを吸熱する吸熱材に併用されて、熱暴走の誘発を防止するので、熱容量を大きくして吸熱する熱暴走エネルギーを大きくできる。冷却プレート3の熱容量は、温度を1℃高くする熱量で、冷却プレート3の質量と比熱の積に比例して大きくなる。熱容量の大きい冷却プレート3は、熱暴走エネルギーの吸熱エネルギーを大きくして温度上昇を少なくでき、トリガーセル1Tの熱暴走エネルギーを効率よく吸熱する。
エンドプレート4は、電池積層体2の両端面に配置しており、バインドバー5に連結されて複数の電池セル1を積層方向に保持する。エンドプレート4は、バインドバー5に固定されて、電池積層体2の各電池セル1を固定する。エンドプレート4の外形は、電池セル1の外形にほぼ等しく、あるいはこれよりもわずかに大きく、両側の外周面にバインドバー5を固定して、電池積層体2を振動・衝撃時もセルの移動を抑制する強度をもつ四角形の板材である。このエンドプレート4は、全体をアルミニウムやアルミニウム合金等の金属製としている。ただし、エンドプレートは、図示しないが、プラスチックに金属板を積層する構造とし、あるいはまた、全体を補強繊維を埋設している繊維強化樹脂成形板とすることもできる。
バインドバー5は、エンドプレート4に連結されて、電池積層体2の電池セル1を加圧状態に保持すると共に、冷却プレート3に連結されて、冷却プレート3を電池積層体2の表面に密着状態に固定している。図1と図2のバインドバー5は、両端部を内側に折曲して固定片5aを設けて、この固定片5aを固定ネジ15を介してエンドプレート4の表面に固定している。ただ、バインドバー5をエンドプレート4に固定する構造を特定するものではなく、バインドバー5の両端部をエンドプレート4に強固に固定できる他の全ての固定構造とすることができる。さらに、図に示すバインドバー5は、上端に、内側に折曲された上側折曲片5cを設けている。この上側折曲片5cは、電池積層体2の両側の上面に配置されて、積層された複数の電池セル1の上面である端子面を同一平面上に配置している。
図6に、エンジンとモータの両方で走行するハイブリッド車にバッテリシステムを搭載する例を示す。この図に示すバッテリシステムを搭載した車両HVは、車両本体90と、車両本体90を走行させるエンジン96及び走行用のモータ93と、モータ93に電力を供給するバッテリシステム100と、バッテリシステム100の電池を充電する発電機94と、モータ93とエンジン96で駆動されて車両本体90を走行させる車輪97とを備えている。バッテリシステム100は、DC/ACインバータ95を介してモータ93と発電機94に接続している。車両HVは、バッテリシステム100の電池を充放電しながらモータ93とエンジン96の両方で走行する。モータ93は、エンジン効率の悪い領域、例えば加速時や低速走行時に駆動されて車両を走行させる。モータ93は、バッテリシステム100から電力が供給されて駆動する。発電機94は、エンジン96で駆動され、あるいは車両にブレーキをかけるときの回生制動で駆動されて、バッテリシステム100の電池を充電する。
また、図7に、モータのみで走行する電気自動車にバッテリシステムを搭載する例を示す。この図に示すバッテリシステムを搭載した車両EVは、車両本体90と、車両本体90を走行させる走行用のモータ93と、このモータ93に電力を供給するバッテリシステム100と、このバッテリシステム100の電池を充電する発電機94、モータ93で駆動されて車両本体90を走行させる車輪97とを備えている。モータ93は、バッテリシステム100から電力が供給されて駆動する。発電機94は、車両EVを回生制動する時のエネルギーで駆動されて、バッテリシステム100の電池を充電する。
さらに、本発明はバッテリシステムの用途を電動車両に搭載するバッテリシステムには特定せず、たとえば、太陽光発電、風力発電などの自然エネルギーを蓄電する蓄電装置用のバッテリシステムとして使用でき、また深夜電力を蓄電する蓄電装置用のバッテリシステムのように、大電力を蓄電する全ての用途に使用できる。例えば家庭用、工場用の電源として、太陽光や深夜電力等で充電し、必要時に放電する電源システム、あるいは日中の太陽光を充電して夜間に放電する街路灯用の電源や、停電時に駆動する信号機用のバックアップ電源等にも利用できる。このような例を図8に示す。なお、図8に示す蓄電装置としての使用例では、所望の電力を得るために、上述したバッテリシステムを直列や並列に多数接続して、さらに必要な制御回路を付加した大容量、高出力の蓄電装置80を構築した例として説明する。
Claims (8)
- 複数の電池セルを積層してなる電池積層体と、
前記電池積層体の前記電池セルに熱結合してなる冷却プレートとを備えるバッテリシステムであって、
前記電池積層体の隣接する電池セルの間に断熱材が配置されて、前記断熱材でもって隣接する前記電池セル間が断熱され、
さらに、前記冷却プレートが前記電池セルを冷却して設定温度に保持すると共に、何れかの電池セルの熱暴走エネルギーを吸収する熱容量の吸熱材に併用されてなり、
前記冷却プレートが、隣接する前記電池セルの熱結合部の間に断熱部を設けており、
前記断熱部が、前記冷却プレートに設けてなるスリットであることを特徴とするバッテリシステム。 - 前記断熱材の熱抵抗と前記冷却プレートの熱容量が、熱暴走の誘発を防止できる設定値としてなること特徴とする請求項1に記載するバッテリシステム。
- 前記冷却プレートに熱結合されて、前記冷却プレートの熱容量を増加する外部吸熱部を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載するバッテリシステム。
- 前記電池積層体が、前記断熱材に積層されて前記電池セルに熱結合してなる吸熱プレートを有し、
前記吸熱プレートが前記冷却プレートに熱結合してなることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載するバッテリシステム。 - 前記冷却プレートと前記電池積層体との間に熱拡散シートを積層してなることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載するバッテリシステム。
- 前記冷却プレートに設けた前記スリットの内側に前記断熱材の下端部を挿入してなることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載するバッテリシステム。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれか一つに記載のバッテリシステムを備える電動車両であって、
前記バッテリシステムと、該バッテリシステムから電力供給される走行用のモータと、該バッテリシステム及び前記モータを搭載してなる車両本体と、該モータで駆動されて前記車両本体を走行させる車輪とを備えることを特徴とするバッテリシステムを備える電動車両。 - 請求項1ないし6のいずれか一つに記載のバッテリシステムを備える蓄電装置であって、
前記バッテリシステムと、該バッテリシステムへの充放電を制御する電源コントローラとを備えており、
前記電源コントローラでもって、外部からの電力により前記電池セルへの充電を可能とすると共に、該電池セルに対し充電を行うよう制御することを特徴とする蓄電装置。
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