JP7335179B2 - 摺動部材 - Google Patents
摺動部材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7335179B2 JP7335179B2 JP2020018619A JP2020018619A JP7335179B2 JP 7335179 B2 JP7335179 B2 JP 7335179B2 JP 2020018619 A JP2020018619 A JP 2020018619A JP 2020018619 A JP2020018619 A JP 2020018619A JP 7335179 B2 JP7335179 B2 JP 7335179B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sliding
- layer
- sliding layer
- sliding member
- linear expansion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
- F16C33/203—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining
- F16C33/205—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining with two layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C31/00—Bearings for parts which both rotate and move linearly
- F16C31/02—Sliding-contact bearings
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
- F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
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- F16C17/06—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings
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- F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
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- F16C17/243—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety related to temperature and heat, e.g. for preventing overheating
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- F16N15/00—Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions
- F16N15/02—Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions with graphite or graphite-containing compositions
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K2003/162—Calcium, strontium or barium halides, e.g. calcium, strontium or barium chloride
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
- F16C33/203—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining
- F16C33/206—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining with three layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N2210/00—Applications
- F16N2210/14—Bearings
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
また、特許文献6には、成形金型内で冷却を行い、引出ロールの引出速度を周期的に変化させる樹脂組成物シートの製造方法が記載されている
この場合に、摺動層の樹脂組成物が、摺動の摩擦熱により摺動面の面内方向にほぼ等方的に熱膨張する場合は、流体膜の圧力により弾性変形した際に摺動層の表面に略周方向に延びる割れ等の損傷が起こる虞が大きくなることが判明した。
式(1):1.1≦KS/KJ≦2
式(2):1.3≦KT/{(KS+KJ)/2}≦2.5
式(3):1.1≦KS/KJ≦1.7
なお、「中心線領域31」は、摺動面30に限られるものではなく、摺動層3の厚さ全体を含む体積部分である。
式(1):1.1≦KS/KJ≦2
式(2):1.3≦KT/{(KS+KJ)/2}≦2.5
換言すれば、摺動層3の中心線領域31において、摺動層は、摺動部材の「周方向」(S方向)の線膨張係数KSが、摺動部材の「径方向」(J方向)の線膨張係数KJの1.1~2倍になっており、且つ、摺動面に「垂直方向」(T方向)の線膨張係数KTが、摺動部材の「周方向」(S方向)の線膨張係数KSと「径方向」(J方向)の線膨張係数KJとの平均値の1.3~2.5倍になっている。
なお、摺動層3の線膨張係数KS、KJおよびKTは、いずれも、温度が23℃~100℃における平均の線膨張係数である。
本発明の摺動部材1の摺動層3は、摺動面30に「垂直方向」(T方向)の線膨張係数KTが、摺動部材の「周方向」(S方向)の線膨張係数KSと「径方向」(J方向)の線膨張係数KJとの平均値の1.3~2.5倍になっている。摺動層3は、「垂直方向」(T方向)へ多く熱膨張するようになり摺動面30に平行方向への熱膨張が抑制されるために、摺動層3と裏金層2のせん断が起き難い。
摺動層3の中心線領域31において、摺動層の「周方向」(S方向)の線膨張係数KSが、「径方向」(J方向)の線膨張係数KJよりも大きいものの、その1.1倍未満である場合、摺動層の「径方向」(J方向)への熱膨張を抑制する効果が不十分となり、摺動面に割れを生じ易くなる。
また、摺動層3の中心線領域31において、摺動層の「周方向」(S方向)の線膨張係数KSが、「径方向」(J方向)の線膨張係数KJの2倍を超えて大きくなっている場合、摺動層の「周方向」(S方向)への熱膨張量が大きくなりすぎて、摺動面に略径方向に延びる割れを生じることがある。
多孔質金属部は、Cu、Cu合金、Fe、Fe合金等の金属粉末を金属板や条等の表面上に焼結することにより形成することができる。多孔質金属部の空孔率は20~60%程度であればよい。多孔質金属部の厚さは50~500μm程度とすればよい。この場合、多孔質金属部の表面上に被覆される摺動層の厚さは0.5~6mm程度となるようにすればよい。ただし、ここで記載した寸法は一例であり、本発明がこの値の限定されるものではなく、異なる寸法に変更するも可能である。
本発明は、このような複数の上記摺動部材を備えたスラスト軸受も包含している。
(1)合成樹脂原材料粒の準備
合成樹脂の原材料としてはポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ナイロン、ポリアセタール、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリエチレンおよびポリエーテルイミドのうちから選ばれる1種以上からなるものを用いることができる。任意で、合成樹脂に繊維状粒子、固体潤滑剤、充填材等を分散できる。
合成樹脂シートは、上記原材料等から、溶融混練機、供給金型、シート成形金型および引出ロールを用いて作製する。
溶融混練機により、合成樹脂原材料粒およびその他の任意材料(繊維状粒子、固体潤滑剤、充填材等)の原材料を230℃~390℃の温度で加熱しながら混合し、溶融状態の樹脂組成物を作製する。なお、合成樹脂原材料粒は、分子鎖が複数の直線状部を有するように折り曲がった構造を有する複数の樹脂分子が絡み合った状態にあるが、この溶融混錬により樹脂分子の絡み合いがほぐされる。この樹脂組成物は、溶融混練機から一定の圧力で押し出される。
溶融混練機から押し出された樹脂組成物は、供給用金型を介してシート成形金型に常に一定量を供給される。供給金型は、加熱用ヒータを有し、供給金型内を通る樹脂組成物を385℃~400℃の温度に加熱して溶融状態に維持する。
樹脂組成物はシート成形金型によりシート形状に形成される。供給金型からシート成形金型に供給された溶融状態の樹脂組成物は、シート形状に成形され、シート成形金型内を出口側へ移動しながら徐々に自然冷却され、半溶融状態のシートとなる。
半溶融状態の樹脂組成物シートは冷却ロールにて連続的に接触して、冷却されながら「シート成形金型」から引き出される。冷却ロールは、樹脂組成物シートを上面と下面の両側から押えて移動させる少なくとも1対のロール(上側ロールおよび下側ロール)からなる。半溶融状態の樹脂組成物シートは、冷却ロールから引き出された後に完全に固体状態のシートになる。なお、冷却ロールは、ロール内に組み込まれた電動ヒータにより温度制御が可能となっており、かつ電動モータにより制御可能に回転駆動できるようになっている。樹脂組成物シートの厚さの寸法の一例としては1~7mmである。固体状態になった樹脂組成物シートは、後述する被覆工程に用いられる裏金の寸法に適合する大きさに切断される。
裏金層としては、亜共析鋼やステンレス鋼等のFe合金、Cu、Cu合金等の金属板を用いることができる。裏金層表面、すなわち摺動層との界面となる側に多孔質金属部を形成してもよいが、多孔質金属部は裏金層と同じ組成を有することも、異なる組成または材料を用いることも可能である。
樹脂組成物シートを裏金層の一方の表面、あるいは裏金の多孔質金属部上に接合する。その際、シート成形工程における樹脂組成物シートの引出方向が、最終製品の部分円環形状の中心軸線と平行になるようにする。その後、使用形状、例えば、部分円環形状に加圧プレスにて成形した後、組成物の厚さを均一とするため、摺動層及び裏金を加工または切削する。
また、特許文献6には、成形金型内で冷却を行い、かつ引出ロールの引出速度を周期的に変化させて樹脂組成物シートを製造することが記載されているが、このように樹脂組成物シートを製造した場合、樹脂分子鎖の直線状部の長手方向が主に樹脂組成物シートの厚さ方向に配向しやすくなる。
上記試験片は、中心線領域31内の任意の位置より採取される。
実施例5および6、比較例13および14には固体潤滑剤(黒鉛、PTFE)を含有させ、その原材料粒子は、平均粒径が10μmである粒子を用い、実施例6、比較例13の充填材(CaF2)の原材料粒子は、平均粒径が10μmの粒子を用いた。
作製した実施例1~6および比較例11~14の摺動部材の摺動層の厚さは5mmであり、裏金層の厚さは10mmであった。
また、実施例および比較例の摺動層の周方向の線膨張係数KSと径方向の線膨張係数KJとの比(KS/KJ)を表1の「KS/KJ」欄に、摺動層の垂直方向の線膨張係数KTと、径方向の線膨張係数KJと周方向の線膨張係数KSとの平均値との比(KT/(KS+KJ)/2)を表2の「KT/((KS/KJ)/2)」欄に示す。
Claims (8)
- 裏金層および該裏金層上の摺動層とからなる、スラスト軸受用の摺動部材において、該摺動部材が部分円環形状を有し、
前記摺動層が、合成樹脂からなり、摺動面を有し、
前記摺動層の中心線領域において、前記摺動部材の周方向に平行な方向の前記摺動層の線膨張係数をKS、前記摺動部材の径方向に平行な方向の前記摺動層の線膨張係数をKJ、前記摺動面に垂直な方向の前記摺動層の線膨張係数をKTとするとき、
以下の式(1)および式(2)を満足する、摺動部材。
式(1):1.1≦KS/KJ≦2
式(2):1.3≦KT/{(KS+KJ)/2}≦2.5 - 前記摺動層は、以下の式(3)を満足する、請求項1に記載された摺動部材。
式(3):1.1≦KS/KJ≦1.7 - 前記合成樹脂が、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリアミドイミド、ポリイミド、ポリベンゾイミダゾール、ナイロン、フェノール、エポキシ、ポリアセタール、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリエチレン、およびポリエーテルイミドのうちから選ばれる1種以上からなる、請求項1または請求項2に記載された摺動部材。
- 前記摺動層が、黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン、二硫化タングステン、窒化硼素、およびポリテトラフルオロエチレンのうちから選ばれる1種以上の固体潤滑剤を1~20体積%を更に含む、請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1項に記載された摺動部材。
- 前記摺動層が、CaF2、CaCO3、タルク、マイカ、ムライト、酸化鉄、リン酸カルシウム、チタン酸カリウムおよびMo2Cのうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上の充填材を1~10体積%を更に含む、請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載された摺動部材。
- 前記摺動層が、ガラス繊維粒子、セラミック繊維粒子、炭素繊維粒子、アラミド繊維粒子、アクリル繊維粒子、およびポリビニルアルコール繊維粒子のうちから選ばれる1種以上の繊維状粒子を1~35体積%を更に含む、請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載された摺動部材。
- 前記裏金層は、前記摺動層との界面となる表面に多孔質金属部を有する、請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか1項に記載された摺動部材。
- 請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか1項に記載された摺動部材を複数個備えた、スラスト軸受。
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