JP7334134B2 - A hydroponics dispersion and a hydroponics method using the hydroponic dispersion. - Google Patents

Description

The present invention can increase the yield by using cellulose nanofibers together with fertilizer components in hydroponics, suppresses the growth of bacteria during cultivation, prevents spoilage, offensive odors, etc., and enables cultivation. The present invention relates to a hydroponics dispersion liquid capable of maintaining the environment and a hydroponic cultivation method using the hydroponic dispersion liquid.

Conventionally, the challenges in agricultural production are to promote plant growth and increase the yield per unit area, to improve production efficiency and increase the yield as a whole, and to grow plants that are resistant to pathogens, pests, or climate change. and the like.
In order to increase the yield, it is necessary to prepare fertilizer, shorten the cultivation period, and increase the cultivation efficiency and turnover rate of the plant. In addition, the shorter the cultivation period, the less likely it is to be damaged by pathogens or pests. Shortening the cultivation period of plants in this way is related to the effect of promoting growth, and the problem is how to improve the conventional cultivation method to promote growth or to cultivate high-quality crops. there is

On the other hand, cellulose nanofiber (hereinafter also referred to as CNF) is attracting attention as a carbon-neutral material for the purpose of efficiently reducing atmospheric CO2 as a countermeasure against global warming. Generally, CNF is considered to be a fibrous substance composed of cellulose having a diameter of 3 to 100 nm and an aspect ratio (fiber length/fiber width) of 100 or more. CNF has excellent properties such as light weight, high strength, and low coefficient of thermal expansion, and is expected to be used in various fields in the future.

Composite fertilizers are generally used as fertilizers, in which a plurality of components including the three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are blended in a well-balanced manner in order to supplement the components necessary for the growth of plants such as crops and flowers. As forms of this compound fertilizer, there are a solid fertilizer that uses fertilizer as a solid and a liquid fertilizer that uses fertilizer as an aqueous solution. When fertilizing as a solid fertilizer, there is a risk of causing an excess or deficiency of the components, or a difference in the concentration of the components in the soil, which may result in a decrease in the yield of crops. In this regard, when fertilizing as a liquid fertilizer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as liquid fertilizer), by accurately preparing the ingredients, it is possible to reduce the risk of causing an excess or deficiency of the ingredients or a difference in the concentration of the ingredients in the soil. can do.

Liquid fertilizers having such advantages are widely used in hydroponic cultivation in which fertilizer application to plants is controlled. For the liquid fertilizer, optimum components, component concentrations, pH, temperature, etc. are selected according to the crops to be cultivated. At this time, the following inventions have been disclosed as components selected for improving the yield and quality of crops.

Patent Literature 1 discloses an invention of a method for increasing the yield of plants comprising contacting the plants with multiple applications of cyclopropene.

Further, Patent Document 2 discloses an invention of a plant cultivation method for supplying a nutrient solution containing 1 to 500 ppm of petaine in the cultivation of a plant supported by a substrate.

Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses an invention relating to compositions containing the synthetic LCO compound tetra-N-acyl-beta-D-methyl-glucoside (TAMG) and related compounds thereof.

A method by applying cyclopropene multiple times described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, a nutrient solution containing 1 to 500 ppm of petaine, and tetra-N-acyl-beta-D-methyl-glucoside (TAMG) and related compounds are inventions that may be useful for their growth promoting action in certain plants. However, there is still a need for an effective cultivating agent that can improve the yield and quality of crops without using different nutrient solutions for a wider variety of crops.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-511762 JP-A-1-228416 Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2016-511757

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is to provide a cultivation agent for hydroponics, and more specifically, it is possible to promote the growth of plants and improve the yield and quality of crops. An object of the present invention is to provide a dispersion liquid for hydroponics and a method for hydroponic cultivation.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a dispersion for hydroponic cultivation that is excellent in maintaining the cultivation environment.

As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors focused on the large specific surface area of cellulose nanofibers and the resulting surface adsorptive power. That is, this is mixed with a liquid fertilizer and fertilized in a state where the components necessary for plant growth in the liquid fertilizer are adsorbed on the cellulose nanofibers, or the cellulose nanofiber dispersion is sprayed in the presence of the fertilizer components, The inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by allowing the cellulose nanofibers to adsorb the fertilizer components, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the dispersion for hydroponics of the present invention is characterized by containing cellulose nanofibers.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a dispersion liquid for hydroponic cultivation and a hydroponic cultivation method are provided that can promote the growth of plants and improve the yield and quality of crops. In addition, a dispersion for hydroponics that is excellent in maintenance of the cultivation environment is also provided.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a CNF production (fibrillation treatment) apparatus. FIG. It is a conceptual diagram of another CNF production (fibrillation treatment) apparatus. It is a conceptual diagram which expands and shows a part of manufacturing (defibration process) apparatus of CNF in FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the result of cultivating Casablanca in Example 1. FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the result of cultivating Casablanca of Comparative Example 1. FIG. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of changes in the yield of tomatoes in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2; 2 is a photograph showing the results of the roots after harvesting tomatoes of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2. FIG. Fig. 10 is a photograph showing the results of cultivating the 20-day radish of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3; 10 is a photograph showing the radish portion of the 20-day radish of Example 3. FIG. 11 is a photograph showing a radish part of Japanese radish of Comparative Example 3. FIG. FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the results of cultivating soybean seedlings of Example 5 and Comparative Example 5. FIG. FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the results of cultivating broccoli sprouts of Example 5 and Comparative Example 5. FIG. It is a figure which shows a bacteria measurement result. Fig. 10 is a photograph showing the results at the initial stage of cabbage cultivation in Example 7; Fig. 10 is a photograph showing the results at the initial stage of cabbage cultivation in Comparative Example 7; FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the results at the initial stage of broccoli cultivation in Example 8 and Comparative Example 8. FIG.

Next, a dispersion liquid for hydroponics according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

A dispersion for hydroponics according to one embodiment of the present invention is obtained by blending a CNF dispersion with a liquid fertilizer.

First, a method for preparing a CNF dispersion will be described. In the present invention, examples of CNF include CNF derived from polysaccharides including natural plants such as wood fiber, broadleaf tree, coniferous tree, bamboo fiber, sugarcane fiber, seed hair fiber, leaf fiber, and seaweed. It may also be produced from crop residues derived from plant leaves, flowers, stems, roots, hulls, etc., such as bagasse, rice straw, used tea leaves, and lees of fruit juice. These CNFs may be used singly or in combination of two or more. As the polysaccharide, it is preferable to use pulp having an α-cellulose content of 60% to 99% by mass as a raw material. If the purity of the α-cellulose content is 60% by mass or more, the fiber diameter and fiber length can be easily adjusted, and the entanglement of the fibers can be suppressed, so the sprayability is good, and the plant growth is rotten. The growing environment can be maintained without hindrance. If the α-cellulose content is less than 60% by mass, the properties of the natural crystals of cellulose cannot be sufficiently brought out, and there is a risk of deterioration over time due to putrefaction or the like during storage. When the above materials are used, it becomes difficult to defibrate the fibers to the nano level.

As the pulp, papermaking pulp can be used because it is readily available and inexpensive, and the production method is not particularly limited. Pulp such as deinked pulp, waste paper pulp, and dissolving pulp can be mentioned. Among these, bleached kraft pulp and unbleached kraft pulp are preferred because they are more readily available.

The crystallinity of CNF is preferably 50 or more. The degree of crystallinity can be measured by X-ray diffractometry or the like. If the degree of crystallinity is less than 50, the characteristics of natural cellulose crystals cannot be sufficiently brought out, and deterioration over time during storage due to putrefaction etc. There is a risk of causing

CNF in the present invention is obtained as a CNF dispersion liquid (hereinafter also referred to as CNF in a water-containing state) by performing the following fibrillation treatment.
The fibrillation treatment is performed using the underwater facing collision method (hereinafter also referred to as the ACC method) shown in FIG. This is a method in which pulp suspended in water is introduced into two opposing nozzles (108a and 108b in FIG. 1) in a chamber (107 in FIG. 1) and jetted from these nozzles toward one point to collide with each other. be. The device shown in FIG. 1 is a liquid circulation type, and includes a tank (109 in FIG. 1), a plunger (110 in FIG. 1), two opposing nozzles (108a and 108b in FIG. 1), and heat if necessary. Equipped with an exchanger (Fig. 1: 111), fine particles dispersed in water are introduced into two nozzles and jetted from the opposing nozzles (Fig. 1: 108a, 108b) under high pressure to cause them to collide in water.

Prior to carrying out the defibration treatment, the fibrillation treatment may be carried out using a pretreatment device (Figs. 2 and 3). Moreover, you may use this pretreatment apparatus as another defibration method. The fibrillation treatment using the pretreatment device is carried out by colliding high-pressure water of about 50 to 400 MPa against the polysaccharide mixed with 0.5 to 10% by mass of water. This can be done, for example, using the manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. The manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a polysaccharide slurry supply path 3, which is a first liquid medium supply path arranged to be able to supply polysaccharide slurry to one chamber 2, and a non-polysaccharide slurry, such as water, to one chamber. 2 and a second liquid medium supply line 4 for circulating through. One chamber 2 is provided with an orifice injection part 5 for orifice injection of the non-polysaccharide slurry of the second liquid medium supply path 4 in a direction intersecting the supply direction of the polysaccharide slurry from the polysaccharide slurry supply path 3 . A polysaccharide slurry supply path 3 is enabled to circulate the polysaccharide slurry through one chamber 2 .

The polysaccharide slurry supply path 3 and the second liquid medium supply path 4 have mutual intersections 6 within one chamber 2 .
The polysaccharide slurry supply path 3 is a polysaccharide slurry supply section, and includes a tank 7 for storing the polysaccharide slurry and a pump 8 arranged in a circulation path 9. On the other hand, the second liquid medium supply path 4 includes a tank 10, a pump 11, a heat An exchanger 12 and a plunger 13 are arranged in a liquid medium supply path 4 which is a circulation path.

The non-polysaccharide slurry is, for example, water, which is initially stored in the tank 10 and then passed through the intersection 6 with the operation of the cellulose nanofiber manufacturing apparatus 1 to remove the nano-miniaturized polysaccharide stored in the tank 10. It also refers comprehensively to those in a state where it is contained in a concentration according to the degree of operation.

As shown in FIG. 3, the circulation path 9 of the polysaccharide slurry supply path 3 is arranged so as to penetrate the chamber 2, and the non-polysaccharide slurry is orifice-injected in a direction crossing the chamber 2 so that the circulation path 9 can be penetrated. The orifice injection port 14 of the orifice injection part 5 connected to the plunger 13 of the second liquid medium supply path 4 is opened inside the chamber 2 at the end. A discharge port 15 of the chamber 2 is provided at a position facing the orifice injection port 14 of the chamber 2, and the circulation path of the second liquid medium supply path 4 is connected to the discharge port 15 of the chamber 2 to supply the second liquid medium. A medium supply path 4 is configured.

On the other hand, the circulation path 9 of the polysaccharide slurry supply path 3 is formed using, for example, a vinyl hose, a rubber hose, an aluminum pipe, or the like, and the entrance side of the circulation path 9 to the chamber 2 is opened only in the direction of the chamber 2. A directional valve 16 is mounted. Further, a one-way valve 17 that opens only in the discharge direction from the chamber 2 is attached to the exit side of the circulation path 9 from the chamber 2 . In addition, an air intake valve 18 is attached to the circulation path 9 between the chamber 2 and the one-way valve 17, and the air intake valve 18 is opened only in the direction of sucking air into the circulation path 9 from the outside.

According to the apparatus for producing cellulose nanofibers described above, cellulose nanofibers are produced in the following manner.
A non-polysaccharide slurry is circulated through the chamber 2 and through the second liquid medium feed path 4 . Specifically, the pump 11 is used to pass the non-polysaccharide slurry in the tank 10 through the heat exchanger 12 and the plunger 13 to circulate in the liquid medium supply path 4 . On the other hand, the polysaccharide slurry is circulated through the polysaccharide slurry supply path 3 via the chamber 2 . Specifically, a pump 8 is used to circulate the polysaccharide slurry in the tank 7 through a circulation path 9 formed using a vinyl hose, a rubber hose, or the like.

As a result, the non-polysaccharide slurry circulating through the second liquid medium supply path 4 is orifice-injected to the polysaccharide slurry circulating through the polysaccharide slurry supply path 3 and flowing through the chamber 2 . Specifically, high-pressure water is supplied from the plunger 13 to the orifice injection port 14 connected to the plunger 13, and is orifice-injected from the orifice injection port 14 toward the circulation path 9 at a high pressure of about 50 to 400 MPa.

As a result, it passes through the through-holes 26a and 26b pre-formed in the circulation path 9 formed using, for example, vinyl hoses, rubber hoses, aluminum pipes, etc., and passes inside the circulation path 9 in a direction intersecting the circulation path 9. The non-polysaccharide slurry thus obtained is discharged toward the discharge port 15 of the chamber 2 while involving the polysaccharide slurry circulating in the circulation path 9 and flows into the second liquid medium supply path 4 . This causes the non-polysaccharide slurry to circulate through the second liquid medium supply path 4 again.
In the process of repeating the above process, the polysaccharides in the polysaccharide slurry circulating in the polysaccharide slurry supply path 3 and flowing in the chamber 2 and the non-polysaccharide slurry circulating in the second liquid medium supply path 4 are gradually fibrillated. Thus, a CNF dispersion with a high uniformity of defibration degree according to the application can be obtained.

The degree of defibration from pulp fibers to CNF can be evaluated by the viscosity value of the CNF dispersion. That is, since the CNF contained in the CNF dispersion with an increased defibration degree has a short fiber length, the viscosity value is low. Therefore, a CNF dispersion with a high defibration degree has a low viscosity. On the other hand, a CNF dispersion with a higher viscosity value than this has a high viscosity value because the CNF contained in the CNF dispersion has a long fiber length. Therefore, the defibration degree is lower than that of the CNF dispersion.
In addition, since the ratio of the fiber length to the fiber diameter after fibrillation (aspect ratio) is different for each pulp fiber, the viscosity value of the CNF dispersion is different.
Furthermore, for example, by combining different types of pulp fibers, or by adjusting the degree of fibrillation, the viscosity of 1 wt% CNF aqueous dispersion can be adjusted in the range of approximately 300 to 10000 mPa s.

The CNF obtained as described above has a structural formula represented by the following chemical formula 1 without any structural change of the cellulose molecule because it is nano-refined by cleaving only the interaction between natural cellulose fibers. In other words, the CNF used in the present invention has 6 hydroxyl groups in the cellobiose unit in chemical formula 1 and is not chemically modified. This can be confirmed by comparing the IR spectrum of cellulose with the CNF used in the present invention using FT-IR. According to the present ACC method, cellulose fibers can be pulverized to an average particle length of 10 μm, and as a result, CNF having an average thickness of 3 to 200 nm and an average length of 0.1 μm or more can be obtained. For the measurement of the average thickness and average fiber length, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. are appropriately selected, CNF is observed and measured, and 20 or more are selected from the obtained photographs. , are obtained by averaging them respectively. On the other hand, in the facing collision treatment, the applied energy is much lower than the energy for severing covalent bonds (estimated at 1/300 or less), and the degree of polymerization of cellulose is unlikely to decrease. The cellulose nanofibers obtained by this ACC method have both hydrophilic sites and hydrophobic sites and exhibit amphiphilicity.

By defibrating CNF to an average thickness of 3 to 200 nm, it has fluidity and excellent sprayability. On the other hand, if the average thickness is less than 3 nm, it may be difficult to increase the solid content concentration due to poor dehydration. In addition, the distribution of the fiber thickness is widened, and there is a possibility that the properties may not be uniform.

The CNF used in the present invention preferably has an average degree of polymerization in the range of 500-900. The average degree of polymerization can be measured by a measuring method using a copper ethylenediamine solution or the like.
0.15 g of CNF solid content is dissolved in 30 mL of 0.5 M copper ethylene diamine solution, and the viscosity η of the CNF/copper ethylene diamine solution is measured using a Canon Fenske kinematic viscosity tube, and the viscosity of the 0.5 M copper ethylene diamine solution is measured. As η0, the intrinsic viscosity [η] was obtained from the Schulz-Blaschke equation below, and the degree of polymerization DP was calculated from the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation below.
Specific viscosity ηsp = η/η0-1
Intrinsic viscosity [η]=ηsp/{c(1+A×ηsp)}
η0 is the viscosity of the 0.5M copper ethylenediamine solution, c is the CNF concentration (g/mL), A is a characteristic value determined by the type of solution, and in the case of the 0.5M copper ethylenediamine solution, A=0. 28.
Degree of polymerization DP = [η] / Ka
K and a are characteristic values determined by the type of polymer and solvent, and K=0.57 and a=1 for cellulose dissolved in copper ethylenediamine solution.

In the present invention, TEMPO oxidation catalyst treatment, phosphoric acid esterification treatment, ozone treatment, enzyme treatment, maleic acid treatment, hydrophobizing with alkenylsuccinic anhydride, alkylketene, which are known as other methods for producing cellulose nanofibers, are used. Cellulose nanofibers obtained by chemical treatment methods such as hydrophobicity modification by dimers and hydrophobicity modification by acetylation, or wet grinding using mechanical action such as grinders (stone mills), disk refiners, conical refiners, etc. Even cellulose nanofibers obtained by physical methods of thinning cellulosic fibers can be used as CNF dispersions in the present invention. In addition, cellulose nanofibers obtained by a combination of chemical treatment and physical treatment can also be used as the CNF dispersion.

- Dispersion liquid for hydroponics -
The dispersion for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention refers to one comprising a fertilizer component and a CNF dispersion or a CNF dispersion. Here, the form of the fertilizer component is not particularly limited, and may be liquid or solid (solid).
The fertilizer component in the present invention may contain at least one of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper, chlorine and nickel. In addition, the liquid fertilizer or solid (solid) fertilizer may contain other ingredients as long as they do not interfere with the various functions of the fertilizer ingredients.

Furthermore, a commercially available liquid fertilizer may be used as the liquid fertilizer. Specific examples of commercially available liquid fertilizers include urea complex liquid fertilizer, urea complex liquid fertilizer containing boron/manganese/magnesia, ammonium nitrate-based complex liquid fertilizer, lime nitrate-based liquid fertilizer, organic-containing liquid fertilizer, ammonium phosphate liquid fertilizer, powder liquid fertilizer, nitrogen-free liquid fertilizer, A liquid trace element compound fertilizer etc. can be mentioned.
The solid (solid) fertilizers include vegetable or animal organic fertilizers such as oil cake, bone meal, fish cake, poultry manure, rice bran, plant ash, or inorganic fertilizers (chemical fertilizers) made from minerals, petroleum, etc. etc., can be used without particular limitation.

As a solvent for dissolving or dispersing the fertilizer component or the liquid fertilizer, water or an organic solvent can be mentioned, and water is preferable. However, since tap water contains chlorine and has a bactericidal action, it is preferable to use dechlorinated water, well water, spring water, or the like.

Although the lower limit of the fertilizer component content in the liquid fertilizer is not particularly limited, it is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.005% by mass or more. This is because if the fertilizer component is too small, the effect of the liquid fertilizer is reduced. Moreover, although the upper limit of the content of the fertilizer component in the liquid fertilizer is not particularly limited, it is preferably 25% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less. This is because if there are too many fertilizer components, it may cause offensive odors.

The solvent content in the liquid fertilizer is preferably 75% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, preferably 99% by mass or less, and even more preferably 95% by mass or less. If the solvent content is too low, the liquid fertilizer becomes too viscous and difficult to handle. Also, if the content of the solvent is too high, it is necessary to reduce the proportion of the fertilizer component.

The content of CNF in the liquid hydroponics dispersion is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0001% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less. This is because if the CNF content is too low, the effect of CNF is reduced. On the other hand, if the amount is 10% by mass or more, the dispersion for hydroponic cultivation becomes highly viscous, the sprayability is lowered, and uniform fertilization becomes difficult.

The dispersion for hydroponics of the present invention can be used as a CNF dispersion alone. CNF is decomposed at a slow rate by enzymes such as cellulase in the soil, and the decomposed product, glucose, is rapidly absorbed by the roots of plants. This is because it also contributes to the effect. In addition, the CNF dispersion uses any one of coniferous trees, broad-leaved trees, and bamboo fibers as a starting material, and using CNF obtained by the ACC method can further improve the yield and quality of crops. can be done. This is presumed to be due to the fact that the CNF obtained by the ACC method has amphipathic properties, and that none of the hydroxyl groups in the cellobiose unit is chemically modified and there are six of them. be.
Also, the growth can be promoted by spraying the CNF dispersion onto a site such as soil fertilized with fertilizer components such as liquid fertilizer or solid (solid) fertilizer. The CNF in the sprayed CNF dispersion adsorbs the components necessary for plant growth in the fertilizer components in the soil and reaches the plant rhizosphere. As a result, the concentration of fertilizer components in the rhizosphere of the plant becomes high, and the absorption of fertilizer is promoted, thereby further promoting growth. Needless to say, even if a dispersion for hydroponic cultivation containing a fertilizer component and a CNF dispersion is used, the same effects as in the case of using the CNF dispersion alone can be obtained.

The dispersion for hydroponics of the present invention is used in hydroponics. In the present invention, hydroponics refers to a cultivation method in which components necessary for plant growth are given as liquid fertilizer. In addition, since liquid fertilizer does not require that various components such as fertilizer components are completely dissolved, solid fertilizer components may be present. Here, there are several cultivation methods for the cultivation method using liquid fertilizer. Cultivation etc. are mentioned. Other hydroponic cultivation methods include a solid medium cultivation method in which crops are planted in a solid medium such as gravel, sand, peat, vermiculite, pumice stone, sawdust, rock wool, etc., and liquid fertilizer is supplied to the crops. be done.

The hydroponics includes submerged hydroponics in which nutrient solution is filled and cultivated, thin film hydroponics in which nutrient solution is flowed shallowly, and spraying in which the nutrient solution is turned into a mist with a spray pump and cultivated by spraying it on the roots etc. including hydroponics. In addition, hydroponics is currently a cultivation method generally used in plant cultivation facilities such as vegetable factories and plant factories. Naturally, the dispersion for hydroponics of the present invention can also be used in plant factories.

The fertilization method of the cultivation agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of reduction of agricultural work labor and cost, it is preferable to apply fertilization using a hydroponics apparatus using a known mechanical means such as a drip watering apparatus.

－Target plant－
After fertilization, the dispersion for hydroponic cultivation according to the present invention reaches the plant rhizosphere while CNF having a large specific surface area adsorbs the fertilizer components contained in the dispersion for hydroponic cultivation on the surface. As a result, the concentration of fertilizer components in the rhizosphere of plants becomes high, and the absorption of fertilizer is promoted. That is, in the case of the nutrient soil cultivation method using soil as a medium, in addition to the fertilizer components present in the soil, the fertilizer components of the liquid fertilizer can be efficiently used. Here, the fertilizer component present in the soil also includes a fertilizer component when fertilizing a specific location in advance. Also, other cultivation methods can be efficiently used for the same reason. Therefore, the target plants to which the dispersion for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention is applied are not particularly limited, and it can be used for all kinds of agricultural and horticultural crops. Lettuce, rhubarb, mizuna, herbs, radish, wasabi, spinach, bok choy, pak choy, cabbage, rapeseed, garland chrysanthemum, water spinach, komatsuna, Chinese cabbage, celtus, tasai, Leaf vegetables such as mitsuba, nozawana, spinach, green onions, etc. Fruit vegetables such as red pepper, paprika, melon, bitter melon, watermelon, pumpkin, blueberry, strawberry, eggplant, tomato, grapes, flower vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, butterbur sprout, sprouts , green soybeans, bean sprouts, beans such as various sprouts, flowers such as roses, grains such as rice and wheat, root vegetables such as lotus roots and radishes, bulbs such as hyacinths, crocuses, tulips and casablanca, radish, carrots, parsley Plants of the Umbelliferae family such as Umbelliferae can be exemplified.

The dispersion for hydroponic cultivation according to the present invention has the effect of suppressing the growth of bacteria and preventing the occurrence of putrefaction and offensive odors, and it is not necessary to newly add commonly used preservatives, or it is necessary to add them. If so, the amount added can be reduced.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

<Cultivated crops; Casablanca>
Casablanca was cultivated using the same bulbs according to the schedule shown in Table 1. Here, the period from March 2017 to October 2017 was defined as the first year (Comparative Example 1), and the period from November 2017 to September 2018 was defined as the second year (Example 1).

(Example 1)
Using bamboo pulp as a raw material, 100 cc of CNF dispersion (concentration: 0.4 wt%, average degree of polymerization: 800, crystallinity: 61) was obtained by the ACC method. Next, liquid fertilizer (manufactured by Sumitomo Kagaku Engei Co., Ltd., Hana Factory Producer Guarantee Certificate No. 85095 N: P: K = 5: 10: 5 Mg: 0.08 Mn: 0.004 B: 0.016) 10 cc And 7000 cc of water was added to 100 cc of the CNF dispersion to make a total amount of 7110 cc, which was used as a dispersion for hydroponics.
Then, the Casablanca bulbs at the end of the first year were dug up, washed, replanted, and cultivated by a nutrient soil cultivation method. At this time, the total amount of 1500 cc of the hydroponic dispersion liquid was fertilized once per week so that the CNF solid content was 0.09 g/time (concentration at the time of fertilization: 0.006%).

(Comparative example 1)
Liquid fertilizer (manufactured by Sumitomo Kagaku Engei Co., Ltd., Hana Factory Producer Guarantee Card No. 85095 N: P: K = 5: 10: 5 Mg: 0.08 Mn: 0.004 B: 0.016) 10 cc of water 7000 cc was added to make the total amount 7010 cc.
Seedlings of Casablanca were purchased and cultivated by the hydroponic method. At this time, a total amount of 1500 cc of the dispersion for hydroponics was fertilized once a week.

The results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 2. 4 and 5 show photographs showing the results of cultivating Casablanca.

(Discussion of results)
From the results of Table 2, FIGS. 4 and 5, the dispersion for hydroponic cultivation according to the present invention had about 1.5 times the amount of growth as compared with the liquid fertilizer without CNF dispersion. In general, it is known that the height and the number of buds of Casablanca gradually decrease after the second year of using bulbs that have once flowered.

<Cultivated crop; tomato (cultivar: Momotaro)>
(Example 2)
Using bamboo pulp as a raw material, 100 cc of CNF dispersion (concentration: 0.4 wt%, average degree of polymerization: 800, crystallinity: 61) was obtained by the ACC method. Next, liquid fertilizer (manufactured by Sumitomo Kagaku Engei Co., Ltd., Hana Factory Producer Guarantee Certificate No. 85095 N: P: K = 5: 10: 5 Mg: 0.08 Mn: 0.004 B: 0.016) 10 cc And 7000 cc of water was added to the CNF dispersion to make a total amount of 7110 cc to obtain a dispersion for hydroponics.

Then, during the period from June 10, 2018 to July 31, 2018, tomatoes were cultivated by the nutrient soil cultivation method. At this time, the total amount of 2500 cc of the dispersion liquid for hydroponic cultivation was fertilized every week so that the CNF solid content was adjusted to 0.14 g/time.

(Comparative example 2)
Liquid fertilizer (manufactured by Sumitomo Kagaku Engei Co., Ltd., Hana Factory Producer Guarantee Card No. 85095 N: P: K = 5: 10: 5 Mg: 0.08 Mn: 0.004 B: 0.016) 10 cc of water 7000 cc was added to make the total amount 7010 cc.
Tomatoes were cultivated under the same conditions as in Example 2.

The weight of each tomato harvested in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 is shown in Table 3. FIG. 6 shows the transition of the harvested amount of tomatoes, FIG. 7 shows a photograph of tomato roots after harvesting after washing, and Table 4 shows the weight of the roots after harvesting.

(Discussion of results)
From the results of Table 3 and FIG. 6, the cultivation agent according to the present invention has a total yield of about 1.3 times and a weight of about 1.0 times that of a liquid fertilizer that does not contain a CNF dispersion. .2 times and the amount of growth became about 1.4 times. In addition, from Table 4, the weight of tomato roots after harvest was smaller in Example 2. From this result, it can be said that the dispersion for hydroponic cultivation according to the present invention has the effect of suppressing the growth of tomato roots and increasing the yield of tomatoes.

<Cultivated plant; Twenty-day radish>
(Example 3)
Using hardwood pulp as a raw material, 100 cc of cellulose nanofiber dispersion (concentration: 0.2 wt %, average degree of polymerization: 770, crystallinity: 71) was obtained by the ACC method. Next, liquid fertilizer (manufactured by Sumitomo Kagaku Engei Co., Ltd., Hana Factory Producer Guarantee Certificate No. 85095 N: P: K = 5: 10: 5 Mg: 0.08 Mn: 0.004 B: 0.016) 10 cc 7000 cc of water was added to 100 cc of the CNF dispersion to make the total amount 7110 cc, and the dispersion for hydroponics was prepared.

Then, during the period from August 12, 2018 to September 8, 2018, 20-day radish was cultivated by the nutrient soil cultivation method. At this time, every 4 days after the buds germinated and grew to about 2 cm, the CNF solid content was adjusted to 0.07 g / time (fertilization concentration 0.001%), added 6 times, total amount 300 cc was fertilized with a dispersion for hydroponics.

(Comparative Example 3)
Liquid fertilizer (manufactured by Sumitomo Kagaku Engei Co., Ltd., Hana Factory Producer Guarantee Card No. 85095 N: P: K = 5: 10: 5 Mg: 0.08 Mn: 0.004 B: 0.016) 10 cc of water 7000 cc was added to make the total amount 7010 cc.
Other conditions were the same as in Example 3, and 20-day radishes were cultivated.

Tables 4 and 5 show the weights of the radish portion and stem portion of the 20-day radish harvested in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, respectively. 8, 9 and 10 show photographs showing the results of cultivating the 20-day radishes of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3. FIG.

(Discussion of results)
From the results of Tables 5 and 6 and FIGS. 8 to 10, the 20-day radish cultivated using the dispersion for hydroponic cultivation according to the present invention is compared with the liquid fertilizer that does not contain the CNF dispersion. The part had twice the amount of growth and the stem part had about 1.2 times the amount of growth.

<Cultivated plants; bean seedlings>
(Example 5)
Using bamboo pulp as a raw material, 100 cc of cellulose nanofiber dispersion (concentration: 0.2 wt%, average degree of polymerization: 800, crystallinity: 61) was obtained by the ACC method. Next, during the period from July 1, 2018 to July 13, 2018, bean seedlings were cultivated by hydroponics. At this time, the water was changed every day, and the root part was sprayed from four sides once a day. In addition, the total amount of the CNF solid content sprayed during the period was 0.01 g.

(Comparative Example 5)
Bean sprouts were cultivated in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the CNF dispersion was changed to water.

Photographs showing the results of cultivating the soybean seedlings of Example 5 and Comparative Example 5 are shown in FIG. The soybean seedling on the right side is Example 5, and the soybean seedling on the left side is Comparative Example 5.

(Discussion of results)
From the results of FIG. 11, the root portion of Example 5 did not discolor and did not generate any offensive odor. In contrast, the root portion of Comparative Example 5 turned brown and gave off a foul odor. From this result, it was found that the CNF dispersion has the effect of preventing putrefaction and offensive odors.

<Cultivated plant; broccoli sprout>
(Example 6)
Using softwood pulp as a raw material, 100 cc of cellulose nanofiber dispersion (concentration: 0.2 wt %, average degree of polymerization: 700, crystallinity: 63) was obtained by the ACC method. Next, during the period from August 12, 2018 to August 31, 2018, broccoli sprouts were cultivated by hydroponics. Seeds were planted on August 12th and germinated on August 16th. At this time, the water was changed every day, and 1.25 cc was sprayed from 4 sides at a rate of 2 times/day from August 16 when germination occurred. In addition, the total amount of the CNF solid content sprayed during the period was 0.04 g. During the above period, the number of bacteria was measured by the following method.

- Bacterial count measurement method -
Using a simple microorganism measuring instrument "San-ai Biochecker TTC (for measuring the total number of bacteria)" (manufactured by San-ai Oil Co., Ltd.), the dip slide is immersed in the sample solution, and then cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours in a constant temperature bath. It was compared and evaluated with the table.

(Comparative Example 6)
The CNF dispersion was changed to water, broccoli sprouts were cultivated in the same manner as in Example 6, and the number of bacteria was measured in the same manner as in Example 6.

Photographs showing the results of cultivating the broccoli sprouts of Example 5 and Comparative Example 5 are shown in FIG. The broccoli sprout on the left side is Example 6, and the broccoli sprout on the right side is Comparative Example 6. FIG. 13 shows the bacteria measurement results.

(Discussion of results)
From the results of FIG. 12, the root portion of Example 5 did not discolor and did not generate an offensive odor. In contrast, the root portion of Comparative Example 5 turned brown and gave off a foul odor. Moreover, from the result of FIG. 13, it became clear that the CNF dispersion liquid has the effect of suppressing the number of bacteria. From these results, it was found that the CNF dispersion has the effect of suppressing the growth of bacteria and preventing putrefaction and offensive odors.

<Cultivated plant; Cabbage>
(Example 7)
Using bamboo pulp as a raw material, 1000 cc of cellulose nanofiber dispersion (concentration: 1.7%, average degree of polymerization: 830, crystallinity: 61) was obtained by the ACC method. This was then diluted with 20000 cc of water (0.081% concentration when applied). Next, during the period from October 17, 2018 to January 24, 2019, early-season cabbage and cabbage were cultivated in a field under the following conditions.
CNF dilution: 1 time at the time of planting, 1 time of top dressing (Total amount of CNF solid content sprayed during the period: 34 g, CNF solid content per cabbage: 0.34 g)
Solid fertilizer (chemical fertilizer): 1 time at planting ^, 2 additional fertilizers, 3 times in total Pesticides: 1 time/week

(Comparative Example 7)
Cabbage was grown in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the CNF dispersion was not used.

Tables 7-9 show the weights (unit: kg) of the cabbages harvested in Example 7 and Comparative Example 7. 14 and 15 show photographs showing the intermediate results of cultivating the cabbages of Example 7 and Comparative Example 7. FIG.

(Discussion of results)
From the results in Tables 7 to 9, the CNF-added cabbage had an average growth rate of about 1.2 times that of the CNF-free cabbage. Moreover, from the results of FIGS. 14 and 15, it was found that there is a clear difference in the cabbage (the part that will become the cabbage) in the initial stages of cultivation. From this result, it was found that the CNF dispersion has the effect of promoting the growth of cabbage and increasing the yield.

<Cultivated plant; broccoli>
(Example 8)
Using softwood pulp as a raw material, 600 cc of cellulose nanofiber dispersion (concentration: 0.05%, average degree of polymerization: 720, crystallinity: 63) was obtained by the ACC method. Next, during the period from October 7, 2018 to February 28, 2019, broccoli was cultivated in a field under the following conditions.
CNF diluted solution: 1 time at planting, 2 additional fertilizers for a total of 3 times (total amount of CNF solid content sprayed during the period: 0.9 g)
Solid fertilizer (manufactured by Asahi Kogyo Co., Ltd., super fast-acting vegetable fertilizer N: P: K = 10: 12: 10, about 30% organic content): Once when planting, 2 times additional fertilizer (every 10 days) 6 g each, total 3 times (18 g added during the period)
Water: 1 time/day

(Comparative Example 8)
Broccoli was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the CNF dispersion was not used.

Table 10 shows the results of measurement of the yield (unit: g) of terminal flower buds (edible part) of broccoli harvested in Example 8 and Comparative Example 8. 16 shows photographs showing the intermediate results of cultivating the broccoli of Example 8 and Comparative Example 8. As shown in FIG. The broccoli on the right side is Example 8, and the broccoli on the left side is Comparative Example 8.

(Discussion of results)
From the results in Table 10, the CNF-added broccoli grew about 1.5 times more than the CNF-free broccoli. From this result, it was found that the CNF dispersion has the effect of promoting the growth of broccoli and increasing the yield.

Claims (5)

A method of cultivating agricultural and horticultural crops, comprising spraying a dispersion for hydroponic cultivation containing cellulose nanofibers onto target agricultural and horticultural crops at the time of planting . A method for cultivating agricultural and horticultural crops, comprising spraying a dispersion for hydroponic cultivation containing cellulose nanofibers to the target agricultural and horticultural crops at a frequency of 2 times/day to 2 times/145 days. A method of cultivating agricultural and horticultural crops by spraying a hydroponics dispersion containing cellulose nanofibers onto soil fertilized with a fertilizer component at the time of additional fertilization to cultivate agricultural and horticultural crops. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cultivation is hydroponics. 5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the effect of preventing the growth of bacteria, putrefaction or the generation of offensive odors is produced.

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