JP7328694B2 - Method for producing mushroom bed - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a mushroom bed, and particularly in a high temperature period such as summer, when the mushroom bed material is agitated and the effect of heat sterilization is obtained, fermentation progresses and the mushroom bed has a high acidity. It relates to a method for producing a mushroom bed to prevent it from becoming

In the production of the mushroom bed (mushroom medium) used for mushroom cultivation, water is added to the mushroom bed material such as sawdust, rice bran, wheat bran, corn, etc. to increase the water content and stir with a stirrer, and then filled into a culture vessel. Heat sterilization is generally used to prevent the growth of various bacteria in the mushroom bed and to suppress the generation of organic acids due to fermentation.

However, during high temperature periods such as summer, when water is added to the mushroom bed material of the stirrer, fermentation starts in a short time, so fermentation progresses until the heat sterilization effect appears after stirring, and various bacteria are present in the finished mushroom bed. It is known that the pH tends to be excessively low even if the fungus is dead, and it is a problem that such a mushroom bed with strong acidity tends to inhibit the germination and take-up of the mushroom spawn. there is

To address this problem, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-158213 discloses that heat sterilization is performed while increasing the moisture content by mixing hot water of 80°C or higher in sawdust-like mushroom bed material for 30 minutes or more, and then A technique has been proposed in which replenishing water is added to form a fungal bed. As a result, a certain degree of sterilization effect can be expected, and pinholes due to wood chips after packaging are less likely to occur, making it possible to reduce the propagation of various bacteria in the fungus bed.

However, even if hot water is slowly mixed into a large amount of fungal bed material and stirred, depending on the method without subsequent heat treatment, it is not possible to sterilize all the germs that are present from the beginning. In a suitable high-temperature period, if the fungus bed material is packaged while the temperature of the hot water is lowered, the bacteria may propagate in the package and hinder the germination and attachment of the mushroom spawn.

On the other hand, it is also practiced to suppress the fermentation of the fungus bed material by cooling the entire work building and the stirrer during high temperature periods, but even if the fungus bed material in the stirrer is cooled from the outside, the fermentation is sufficiently suppressed. It is actually difficult to suppress There is also a known method of keeping the fungus bed material neutral by adding a pH neutralizer such as calcium carbonate or shell fossil (selca). However, it has a drawback that it becomes strongly alkaline, which tends to kill mushroom species and inhibit germination.

JP 2010-158213 A

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide a mushroom bed suitable for mushroom cultivation by suppressing fermentation of bacteria in the manufacturing process. and

Therefore, the present invention provides a stirring step in which a fungus bed material containing sawdust as a main component is put into a stirring tank of a stirrer, a predetermined ratio of water is added to increase the moisture content of the fungus bed material, and the mixture is stirred. A mushroom bed manufacturing method comprising a thermal sterilization step of heating and sterilizing a mushroom bed material, characterized in that cold water of 9°C or less is used as water added to the mushroom bed material in the stirring step. The method of manufacturing the floor.

In this way, by adopting the method of using cold water for the water to be added for the purpose of increasing the moisture content of the fungus bed material put into the stirring tank, water can be added to the fungus bed material even in high temperature periods such as summer. Since the cooling effect of cold water can suppress the growth of fungi during the period from the beginning until the effect of the sterilization treatment is obtained, it prevents the fungus bed material from becoming excessively acidic, making it nearly neutral and suitable for mushroom cultivation. It can be used as a mushroom bed.

In this case, the cold water has a temperature of 6 degrees or less, and is characterized by adding an amount of 50% by weight or more to the total amount of the fungus bed material that has been put in. is easily exhibited sufficiently.

Furthermore, in the method for producing the mushroom bed described above, in the stirring step, in addition to cold water, a predetermined amount of calcium carbonate or/and cerca or/and slaked lime is added to reduce acidification of the mushroom bed material. If it is characterized, it will be easier to prevent the mushroom bed material from becoming excessively acidic, and it will be possible to produce a mushroom bed that is more suitable for mushroom cultivation.

Furthermore, a predetermined amount of the fungus bed material maintained at pH 7.0 to 5.5, which is manufactured by the method for manufacturing the fungus bed described above, is filled in an individual container and placed inside. If the mushroom bed is packed in a state that prevents the invasion of various bacteria, it is possible to prevent fermentation due to the invasion of various bacteria after production, and it is easy to maintain the pH at the time of production. becomes.

In addition, a cooling device for cooling the mushroom bed material by supplying cold water to the stirring tank in the stirring step in the mushroom bed manufacturing method described above, wherein the water introduced from the outside is cooled to a temperature of 9 degrees or less. It comprises cooling means for making cold water, a cold water tank for storing the cold water, pump means for pumping the stored cold water toward the stirrer, and control means for controlling the operation of the cooling means and the pump means. If it is characterized by supplying cold water at a preset temperature while being connected to a stirrer through a conduit, the above-described manufacturing method can be performed simply by connecting this cooling device to a normal stirrer. can do.

In this case, the cold water tank can store the entire amount of cold water used in at least one stirring step, and has a cold insulation function of a predetermined level or higher. If it is characterized by supplying by, it will be possible to generate cold water in advance during the time when the electricity rate is cheap and store it until it is used, so the manufacturing cost of the mushroom bed can be reduced. It becomes cheap and easy to hold down.

According to the present invention, in which cold water is used as the water added to the fungus bed material, the cooling action prevents the fungus bed material from becoming excessively acidic while suppressing the progress of fermentation until the bactericidal effect is obtained. To provide a mushroom bed suitable for cultivating mushrooms.

1 is a configuration diagram of a mushroom bed manufacturing facility according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 10 is a graph showing temperature change conditions of the present invention and a control example in the test results of the examples of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the state of pH change in the present invention and a control example in the test results of Examples in the present invention. 1 is a perspective view showing a state of individually packaged mushroom beds according to the present invention; FIG.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, the form for implementing this invention is demonstrated, referring drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a stirrer 2 and a cooling device 3 that constitute manufacturing equipment for implementing the mushroom bed manufacturing method according to the present embodiment. In the agitator 2, a stirring blade 22 installed in a stirring chamber 20a, which is an inner space of a box-shaped agitation vessel 20 with an open top, is rotated by a driving unit 23 having a built-in motor, and is put into the agitation vessel 20. The fungus bed material 50 is stirred to make it uniform.

The cooling device 3 is a device for cooling the mushroom bed material 50 by supplying cold water into the stirring tank 20a in the stirring step in the mushroom bed manufacturing method to be described later. Cooling means 31 for cooling water of 9 degrees or less, cold water tank 30 for storing generated cold water 30a, pump 32 for pumping the stored cold water 30a toward stirrer 2, cooling means 31 and pump 32 are controlled. It is equipped with a control means 35 having a microcomputer and an operation unit for controlling, and in a state of being connected to the stirrer 2 via a conduit 39, cold water 30a cooled to a preset temperature is supplied.

Then, the present invention comprises a stirring step of putting the fungus bed material 50 containing sawdust as a main component into the stirring tank 20 of the stirrer 2, adding a predetermined proportion of water, and stirring the fungus bed material 50 after stirring or the In the method for producing a mushroom bed having a heat sterilization step in which the molding is placed in a heating means and heated to perform sterilization, cold water of 9°C or less is used as the water added to the mushroom bed material in the stirring step. It is the most characteristic part.

That is, in a high temperature period such as summer, when the fungal bed material is put into the stirring tank and stirred by adding water to increase the moisture content, the fermentation will take place before the next heat sterilization process produces a sterilization effect. The fungus bed material progresses to an excessively acidic state, and the completed mushroom bed becomes acidic, which poses a problem of hindering the growth of mushrooms. is added until the effect of the sterilization treatment is obtained, the cooling action of cold water suppresses the growth of bacteria, and the pH is 7 while preventing the fungus bed material 50 from becoming excessively acidic even in a high temperature period. It is possible to produce a mushroom bed suitable for mushroom cultivation with a neutrality of ~5.5.

In this case, the cold water is preferably at a temperature of 6°C or less, and preferably added in an amount of 50% by weight or more, more preferably around 60% by weight, based on the total amount of the mushroom bed material 50 put in. By doing so, the fungus bed material 50 can be sufficiently cooled. In addition, the time from the completion of adding cold water to the start of the heat sterilization process by filling an individual container in the above method is when the total amount of cold water is 1000 L to 1500 L in an environment with a temperature of 25 to 35 degrees Celsius in the high temperature period. Considering the rate of temperature rise of the subdivided fungal bed material, it is preferable to keep it within 4 to 5 hours.

In the above-described manufacturing method, in the step of stirring the fungus bed material 50, in addition to the above-described cold water, a predetermined amount of a pH neutralizing agent such as calcium carbonate, cerca (fossil shell), or slaked lime is used alone or in appropriate combination. is added to reduce the acidification of the fungus bed material 50, it becomes easier to prevent the fungus bed material from becoming excessively acidic.

After the stirring step is completed, before the temperature of the mushroom bed material 50 cooled with cold water rises, it is quickly sent to a filling facility (not shown) and filled into a predetermined container (packaging) to form an individual mushroom bed, which is then filled. After completion of the above, the wafers are sequentially transported to a heating device (not shown), and the thermal sterilization process is immediately performed after the transport is completed. When the heat sterilization process is completed and the temperature of the mushroom bed is lowered to a predetermined temperature or less, each mushroom bed is inoculated with mushrooms, and each container is packed in such a way that various bacteria do not enter, and the mushrooms are packed. All the fungal bed manufacturing processes are completed.

On the other hand, the cold water tank 30 of the cooling device 3 described above preferably has a size that can store the entire amount of cold water used in at least one stirring step, and the outside is covered with a heat insulating material. It is preferable to have a cold insulation function of a level or higher. As a result, it becomes possible to supply cold water that has been generated and stored in advance in the agitation step afterward. Since it is possible to store the mushroom bed in a cold state until it is used, the manufacturing cost of the mushroom bed can be kept low. By using well water, which has a temperature lower than that of city water, as the water to be introduced, it is possible to further reduce the cost of electricity.

It is preferable that the cooling device 3 has a compact shape and size that can be transported on the bed of a small truck. , and the conduit 39 extending from the pump 32 is connected to the pipe 25 extending over the upper part of the stirring chamber 20a so that the pumped cold water is evenly ejected from the plurality of ejection ports 250.

Hereinafter, the functions and effects of the present invention will be described while describing in detail an example of the method for producing a mushroom bed according to the present invention. In this example, the same configuration as the stirrer 2 and cooling device 3 in FIG. The temperature and pH of the mushroom bed material and mushroom bed were measured at each timing in the manufacturing process.

[Conditions]
The implementation date was August 1, 2019 (high temperature period), the cold water at the time of supply was pH 7.0 at a temperature of 5 degrees, and the city water was pH 7 at a temperature of 22 degrees, and 1200 L of each was used. The sawdust, which is the main component of the mushroom bed material, was 40°C when it was piled up in the open air, but it was brought to 30°C by throwing it into a stirrer and agitating it for a short period of time to dissipate the rough heat.

[Mushroom bed material]
As a mushroom bed material for one batch, sawdust 3600L (1620 kg), wheat gluten 280 kg, and hominiheed 20 kg were used (for 1120 mushroom beds).

[Work procedure]
The fungus bed material is put into a stirrer and stirred for a short time to dissipate rough heat to a state of 30 degrees, then the stirring process is started. was completed and the stirring process was completed at the same time. After that, the fungus bed material is immediately subdivided into containers and transferred to the filling process to make individual mushroom beds, and the filling operation for 1120 beds is performed about 3 times while sequentially transporting the completed mushroom beds to the heating device. Completed on time. After that, the heat sterilization process (after normal pressure sterilization at 100 degrees, high pressure sterilization at 120 degrees, total 435 minutes until decompression and removal) was performed.

FIG. 2 shows the change in the temperature of the fungus bed material from the start of stirring to immediately before the start of the sterilization process, and FIG. 3 shows the change in pH of the fungus bed material from the start of stirring to the end of the sterilization process. there is

(Results) Regarding the temperature change of the fungus bed material, the control example was 28 degrees at the time of completion of water addition (the stirring process was completed), while the present invention was 21 degrees. The present invention was 23 degrees compared to 23 degrees, and the control was 30 degrees at the point immediately before the sterilization process, while the present invention was 26 degrees. From this result, it was found that the cooling effect of the fungus bed material by adding cold water in the stirring step in the present invention is remarkable.

Regarding the change in the pH of the fungal bed material, both remained neutral at pH 7.0 at the time of completion of adding water, but the pH of the control example was 6.0 at the time of completion of filling the container, whereas the pH of the present invention was 6.0. The pH was 6.5 and the control dropped to pH 5.5 at the end of container filling whereas the present invention remained at pH 6.5 and the control dropped to pH 5.0 at the end of the heat sterilization step. In contrast, the present invention had a pH of 6.0. From these results, it was found that the addition of cold water in the stirring step in the present invention has a remarkable effect of suppressing the acidification of the fungus bed material.

In addition, when each container (packaging) is packed in a state where various bacteria do not enter after the heat sterilization process, the individual mushroom bed according to the present invention is considered to maintain the pH 6.0 at the end of the heat sterilization process. However, empirically, the pH of 6.0 in the present invention is a level that does not inhibit the colonization and growth of the inoculum, and the colonization and growth are possible even at pH 5.5. On the other hand, it is known that pH 5.0 in the target example hinders the take-up and growth of the inoculum and tends to cause a delay in the generation and a decrease in the amount.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a mushroom bed according to the invention. This mushroom bed 5 is manufactured by the above-described mushroom bed manufacturing method. After being filled and inoculated with mushroom spawn, the opening on the upper end side is heat-sealed, and the welded portion serves as a seal portion 551 .

In addition, the poly bag 55 is packed so that the inside and outside are airtight and liquid-tight to completely block the circulation of air. A filter portion 552 may be provided to allow air to flow to some extent while packing in a state that prevents germs from entering the interior. As a result, it is possible to prevent fermentation due to intrusion of various bacteria while preventing deterioration of the mushroom bed after production, and to maintain the pH at the time of production.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a mushroom bed suitable for cultivating mushrooms by preventing the progress of fermentation in the manufacturing process.

2 agitator 3 cooling device 5 mushroom bed 20 stirring tank 30 cold water tank 30a cold water 31 cooling means 32 pump 35 control means 50 mushroom bed material 55 poly bag

Claims (3)

A stirring step in which a fungus bed material containing sawdust as a main component is put into a stirring tank of a stirrer, a predetermined ratio of water is added to increase the water content of the fungus bed material, and the fungus bed material is stirred. A mushroom bed manufacturing method comprising a heat sterilization step in which heat is applied for sterilization, wherein cold water of 9°C or less is used as water added to the mushroom bed material in the stirring step. Method. 2. The mushroom bed manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the cold water has a temperature of 6 degrees Celsius or less and is added in an amount of 50% by weight or more based on the total amount of the mushroom bed material added. Method. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the stirring step, in addition to the cold water, a predetermined amount of calcium carbonate or/and cerca or/and slaked lime is added to reduce acidification of the fungal bed material. A method for producing a mushroom bed.

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