JP7310084B2 - Exterior screen and exterior screen design method - Google Patents

Description

Application of Patent Act Article 30, Paragraph 2 November 13, 2018 https://www. toyota-boshoku. com/jp/news/release/ February 18, 2019 Published at the 23rd CO2-saving Symposium on Housing and Buildings February 21, 2019 https://www. Kenken. go. jp/shouco2/index. published in html

The present invention relates to exterior screens and methods of designing exterior screens.

Patent Literature 1 listed below describes a louver device that is provided outside an opening formed on the south face of a building to cover the opening.

JP 2013-213394 A

In the louver device of Patent Literature 1, the intervals and mounting angles of the blades are set so as to block solar radiation in summer and to obtain solar radiation in winter. However, in order to reliably block solar radiation in summer, it is necessary to make the interval between the blades narrower than a predetermined interval. This makes it difficult to get a view.

In consideration of the above facts, an object of the present invention is to provide an exterior screen and a method for designing an exterior screen that facilitates securing a view.

The exterior screen of claim 1 comprises a wavy or zigzag-shaped louver in plan view, a plurality of said louver plates being fixed at intervals in the vertical direction, and the vertically adjacent louver plates being fixed in plan view. and a foundation material fixed so as to intersect.

In the exterior screen of claim 1, the wave-shaped or zigzag-shaped louvers in plan view are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction. Further, the blades are fixed to the base material so that the upper and lower blades intersect with each other in plan view. That is, when the exterior screen is viewed from above, a vertical space is formed between the blades. For this reason, compared to a general exterior screen that is formed by assembling a plurality of elongated rectangular blades and has no vertical space, it is easier to secure a view through the vertical space.

The exterior screen according to claim 2 is the exterior screen according to claim 1, and has a wide portion and a narrow portion in which the upper and lower intervals of the blades are wide.

In the exterior screen of claim 2, in addition to the space between the louvers in the vertical direction, the view can be secured from the part where the upper and lower intervals of the louvers are wide. In addition, the heat load on the building can be reduced by shielding the sunlight from entering the narrow space between the top and bottom of the blades.

In the exterior screen designing method of claim 3, a plurality of wavy louver plates are arranged vertically with a gap therebetween , and the vertically adjacent louver plates are arranged so as to intersect with each other in plan view. a step of inputting the width, amplitude and vertical spacing of the slats into a computer as parameters in the exterior screen arranged in the above; and comparing the solar shading performance evaluated using different patterns of the parameters.

According to the exterior screen design method of claim 3, the computer evaluates the solar radiation shielding performance of the exterior screen according to the position of the sun using the width, amplitude, and vertical spacing of the blades as parameters. Then, the solar shading performance evaluated using different patterns of parameters is compared. As a result, it is possible to determine the width, amplitude, and vertical spacing of the louvers that can optimize the solar radiation shielding performance of the exterior screen while ensuring the view.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the exterior screen and the design method of an exterior screen which are easy to ensure a view can be provided.

It is a perspective view showing an example of an exterior screen concerning an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view showing an example of an exterior screen concerning an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the planar shape of the blades in the exterior screen according to the embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a divided member that constitutes the blades of the exterior screen according to the embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is an elevational cross-sectional view showing the joint structure between the struts and the divided members of the blades in the exterior screen according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a joint structure between a strut and divided members of blades in the exterior screen according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2; FIG. 5 is an elevational cross-sectional view showing a modification in which the vertical spacing of the blades is changed in the exterior screen according to the embodiment of the present invention. (A) is an elevation cross-sectional view showing a modification in which the blades are arranged with a gradient in the exterior screen according to the embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is another modification in which the blades are arranged with a gradient It is an elevation sectional view showing an example, and (C) is a top view showing the slope of the blade in (B). FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a modification in which the blades of the exterior screen according to the embodiment of the present invention are zigzag-shaped in plan view.

Exterior screens and exterior screen design methods according to embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Components shown using the same reference numerals in each drawing mean the same components. In addition, descriptions of configurations and reference numerals that are duplicated in each drawing may be omitted. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be carried out with appropriate modifications, such as omitting the configuration or replacing it with a different configuration, within the scope of the purpose of the present invention.

<Exterior screen>
The exterior screen 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention is an external louver arranged outside the building 10 along the outer peripheral surface of the building 10, as shown in FIG. The outer peripheral surface of the building 10 on which the exterior screen 20 is arranged is, for example, the south surface. The exterior screen 20 may be placed on the west or east side in addition to or instead of the south side.

As shown in FIG. 2, the exterior screen 20 is formed including wing plates 22 and supports 30 as base materials.

(wing plate)
The blade plate 22 is a louver material having a wave shape in plan view. Here, the “wavy shape” in this embodiment is a curved shape that protrudes by “amplitude y” alternately to one side and the other side of the straight reference line CL, as shown by the curve L1 in FIG. The curve L1 regularly repeats a pattern alternately protruding to one side and the other side of the reference line CL, and the length of one cycle thereof is defined as "wavelength λ".

The wing plate 22 is formed in a region surrounded by a curve L1 and a curve L2 formed by moving the curve L1 by a "width d" in a direction perpendicular to the reference line CL. The blades 22 are arranged so that the reference line CL is substantially parallel to the outer peripheral surface 10A of the building 10 (along the arrow X direction shown in FIG. 3).

As shown in FIG. 2, vertically adjacent blades 22 are arranged to intersect each other in a plan view. Specifically, the upper slats 22A and the lower slats 22B are in the direction along the reference line CL (see FIG. 2), and the outer peripheral surface 10A of the building 10 when attached to the building 10. They are arranged with a shift of half a wavelength (0.5λ) along the direction (X direction). As a result, the blades 22A and 22B are arranged to intersect each other at a plurality of locations every half wavelength in a plan view, forming intersections T1, T2, T3, . . .

Between the crossing portions T1, T2, T3, . . . , void portions S1, S2, S3, . That is, the blades 22 have an amplitude y and a width d (Fig. 3) is defined.

The blades 22A and 22B have the same configuration. In this specification, when it is necessary to distinguish the upper louver 22A and the lower louver 22B for convenience, they are referred to as the louver 22A and the louver 22B, respectively. Also, the intersections T1, T2, T3, .

As shown in FIG. 4, each blade 22 is formed by combining a plurality of divided members 24 formed by extrusion molding of aluminum. A plurality of divided members 24 are combined with each other by being assembled to the struts 30 . The divided member 24 is formed into a wavy shape by deforming an aluminum material that has been extruded from an extrusion mold with a press mold. From the viewpoint of ensuring dimensional accuracy, the split member 24 is preferably formed into a corrugated shape by hot forming.

Each split member 24 is formed with a length corresponding to the half wavelength described above. A split member 24A that forms the end of the wing plate 22 is formed by cutting the split member 24 and fitting a cap 24B to the cut portion.

(pillar)
As shown in FIG. 2, the strut 30 is provided in the missing portion S. As shown in FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the post 30 extends vertically through the missing portion S. As shown in FIG.

The strut 30 is joined to the tip of the support beam 16A projecting from the building 10. - 特許庁One end of the support beam 16A is joined to the girders 16B that are the structural skeleton of the building 10, and the other end is arranged to protrude from the outer wall panel 12A of the building 10. As shown in FIG. Between the support beam 16A and the outer wall panel 12A, appropriate water stopping treatment is applied. One end of the support beam 16A may be joined to a pillar of the building 10 or the like.

Further, the support beams 16A are provided at predetermined intervals along the outer peripheral surface 10A of the building 10 (see FIG. 2). A walkable floor plate 16C is bridged and fixed to the upper end surface of the support beam 16A using, for example, a grating material. The floor plate 16C is used as a foothold for workers during maintenance of the exterior screen 20, for example. The support beams 16A adjacent to each other may be connected by a small beam (not shown) as a vibration stop.

(Fixation structure between blades and supports)
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a fixing plate 32 and a fixing plate 34 are joined to the column 30. As shown in FIGS. The fixing plate 32 is joined to the column 30 so as to protrude substantially horizontally from the column 30 to the opposite side of the building 10 (the left side in the Y direction in FIGS. 6 and 7). In addition, the fixed plate 32 is joined to the column 30 with a predetermined space (for example, space H1) in the vertical direction.

On the other hand, the fixing plate 34 is joined to the column 30 so as to protrude substantially horizontally from the column 30 toward the building 10 (the right side in the Y direction in FIGS. 6 and 7). In addition, the fixed plate 34 is joined to the column 30 with a predetermined space (for example, space H1) in the vertical direction.

The fixing plate 32 and the fixing plate 34 are arranged with a predetermined interval (for example, an interval of 0.5H1) in the vertical direction. As a result, the vertically adjacent blades 22 (the blades 22A and the blades 22B) are arranged with an interval of 0.5H1.

As shown in FIG. 7, an insertion portion 24E is formed at the end of each split member 24. As shown in FIG. The insertion portion 24E is a recess (groove-shaped portion) formed on the side surface of the split member 24. As shown in FIG. The fixing plate 32 or the fixing plate 34 is inserted (inserted) into the insertion portion 24E to fix the split member 24 to the column 30 .

Specifically, four through-holes 32H are formed in the fixing plate 32 joined to the support 30 . Of these, two through holes 32H are formed on one side (one side in the X direction) when viewed from the column 30, and the remaining two through holes 32H are formed on the other side when viewed from the column 30. FIG.

The division members 24 adjacent to each other are arranged on one side (one side in the X direction) and the other side of the column 30, respectively. At this time, one split member 24 is arranged so that the long hole 24H of one split member 24 overlaps with the two through holes 32H arranged on one side of the column 30 in the fixing plate 32 . Similarly, the other split member 24 is arranged so that the elongated holes 24H of the other split member 24 overlap the two through holes 26AH arranged on the other side of the column 30 in the fixing plate 32 .

By inserting a bolt through the through hole 32</b>H and the long hole 24</b>H and screwing the bolt into the nut, the split member 24 is fixed to the column 30 via the fixing plate 32 . The elongated holes 24H are preferably formed along the longitudinal direction of the split member 24 (the X direction when attached to the strut 30). As a result, even if there is a construction error in the spacing of the support columns 30, a manufacturing dimensional error in the divided members 24, or thermal extension of the divided members 24, it is difficult to cause problems in construction or use.

A liner 36 is interposed between the fixing plate 32 and the insertion portion 24</b>E of the split member 24 . As a result, the joint strength of the split member 24 is increased compared to the case where the liner 36 is not provided.

The structure for joining the split member 24 to the column 30 via the fixing plate 34 is the same as the structure for joining the split member 24 to the column 30 via the fixing plate 32 described above, so the description thereof will be omitted.

(Arrangement of blades)
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, a sash 12B in which glass is fitted is attached to the surface of the building 10 on which the exterior screen 20 is arranged. The sash 12B is installed between the outer wall panels 12A adjacent in the vertical direction. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view passing through the missing portion S shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view passing through the intersection T shown in FIG.

In a state where the exterior screen 20 is provided, direct light Q1 in summer is suppressed from entering the interior of the building 10 . In other words, in the exterior screen 20, the interval H1 between the blades 22A and 22B and the like are set so as to prevent the direct light Q1 from entering the building 10 in summer.

In addition, "direct light" is light that is directly emitted from the sun and illuminates the light receiving surface. This direct light does not include sky light diffused by water vapor or dust in the air. In addition, the direct light does not include the reflected light reflected upward by the wing plate 22 .

"Summer direct light" refers to direct light at least at the summer solstice when the sun is at its highest altitude. Moreover, it preferably refers to the direct light in the time zones of one hour each before and after the time when the sun is at its highest mid-central altitude on the summer solstice. More preferably, it refers to direct light in a time zone of one hour before and after the time when the sun is at its highest in the south during a period of about one month before and after the summer solstice.

“Suppressing the direct light Q1 from entering the building 10” refers to suppressing the direct light Q1 from irradiating a resident inside the building 10, or preventing the desktop surface of an office space in the building 10 from being exposed to the direct light Q1. It shows that the irradiation by the direct light Q1 is suppressed. That is, it does not mean that the direct light Q1 is not allowed to enter the interior of the building 10 at all.

The wing board 22 is not installed in the range of the space|interval H4 from the position of the height H3 from the floor surface FL of the building 10. As shown in FIG. The height H3 is approximately 900 to 1000 mm, and the interval H4 is approximately 1000 to 1200 mm. Thereby, the outside can be visually recognized from the inside of the building 10 through the portion (the interval H4) where the louvers 22 are not installed (for example, arrow Q2).

As shown in FIG. 5, the wing plate 22 is formed with a missing portion S between the upper and lower wing plates 22A and 22B. Therefore, the outside can be visually recognized from the inside of the building 10 through the missing portion S (for example, arrow Q3).

In the following description, the range from the slab 18 of the building 10 to the position of the height H3 (the height from the floor surface FL) is referred to as the "low position part", and the space H4 is sometimes referred to as a "vision section". Further, the range from the vision portion to the slab 18 (the slab adjacent to the above-described slab 18 in the upward direction) may be referred to as a "high position portion".

<Method of designing the exterior screen>
The exterior screen 20 is installed for the purpose of suppressing the heat load inside the building 10 due to direct sunlight in summer while ensuring the view from the inside of the building 10 . In order to achieve this purpose, the exterior screen 20 is designed by examining the shape and arrangement of the blades 22 by computer simulation.

Specifically, the designer specifies the geographic information (latitude and longitude) where the building 10 is located, the direction in which the outer peripheral surface 10A of the building 10 to be subjected to heat load calculation faces, the area of the outer peripheral surface 10A, and the like. Input into a computer (not shown) as preliminary information.

Further, the designer inputs the width d, amplitude y, and wavelength λ of the blades 22 shown in FIG. 3, the interval H1 between the blades 22 shown in FIG. input.

The computer pre-stores a program for calculating the heat load in the building 10 according to the input preliminary information and parameters. This program can, as an example, calculate the heat load at the time of the summer solstice when the sun is at its highest altitude. As another example, it is possible to calculate the total heat load in the time periods of one hour each before and after the time when the sun is at its highest mid-central altitude on the summer solstice. As another example, it is possible to calculate the total heat load for one hour before and after the time when the sun is at its highest altitude in the period of about one month before and after the summer solstice.

When the heat load is high, the solar shielding performance of the exterior screen 20 is low, and when the heat load is low, the solar radiation shielding performance of the exterior screen 20 is high. That is, the computer evaluates the solar shielding performance of the exterior screen 20 by calculating the heat load.

By inputting parameters of different patterns, the designer can compare the difference in solar radiation shielding performance due to the shape and arrangement of the blades 22 .

In addition, the computer pre-stores a program for simulating the view from inside the building 10 in accordance with the input parameters. The designer can simulate the view from inside the building 10 by inputting the width d, amplitude y, wavelength λ, spacing H1, height H3 and spacing H4 of the slats 22 into the computer.

The view simulated here does not necessarily have to be the actual view. For example, it is sufficient to be able to check the shape of the outdoor space that can be visually recognized from a predetermined position inside the building 10 through the exterior screen 20 .

By inputting parameters of different patterns, the designer can compare the difference in view due to the shape and arrangement of the louvers 22 .

By comparing the computer-evaluated solar shading performance with the simulated view, the designer can select a combination that ensures the desired solar shading performance and view.

In the present embodiment, the designer compares the solar radiation shielding performance and the view with parameters of different patterns, and further selects the parameters that provide the desired solar radiation shielding performance and view. is not limited to this.

For example, the computer may compare the solar shading performance and view from different patterns of parameters and then select the parameters that provide the desired solar shading performance and view. Specifically, as an example, the computer first evaluates the view based on the aperture ratio when the outside is viewed from a predetermined position inside the building 10 .

Next, the computer selects parameters that optimize the solar radiation shielding performance within a range in which the aperture ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. Alternatively, the computer selects parameters for optimizing the aperture ratio within a range in which the solar radiation shielding performance is equal to or higher than a predetermined value (heat load is equal to or lower than a predetermined value). These treatments ensure the desired solar shading performance and view.

<Action/effect>
As described above, in the exterior screen 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the wave-shaped blades 22 in a plan view are vertically spaced apart. Further, the blades 22 are fixed to the base material (posts 30) so that the upper and lower blades 22 (the blades 22A and the blades 22B) intersect in plan view.

In other words, when the exterior screen 20 is viewed from above, a space (loose portion S) is formed between the blades 22 so as to pass through in the vertical direction. For this reason, it is easier to secure a view through the gap S compared to a general exterior screen that is formed by assembling a plurality of elongated rectangular blades and has no space to pass through in the vertical direction.

Further, according to the design method of the exterior screen according to the embodiment of the present invention, the width d, the amplitude y, and the vertical interval H1 of the slats 22 are used as parameters, and the computer determines the solar radiation of the exterior screen 20 according to the position of the sun. Evaluate shielding performance.

The designer then compares the solar shading performance evaluated using different patterns of parameters. Thereby, the width d, the amplitude y, and the vertical interval H1 of the blades 22 that can optimize the solar radiation shielding performance of the exterior screen 20 while securing the view can be obtained.

In the above-described embodiment, in the exterior screen 20, the vertical interval of the blades 22 in the low position portion and the high position portion other than the vision portion is constant (0.5H1, see FIG. 8), but the present invention is not limited to this.

For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the vertical interval between the blades 22 may be changed in the height direction to provide wide and narrow portions. In the example shown in this figure, the interval between the louvers 22 at the low position is H6, and the interval between the louvers 22 at the high position is H7 (H7<H6).

As a result, in addition to the space between the blades 22 in the vertical direction (loose part S), the view can be secured from the part where the vertical interval of the blades 22 is wide (low position part). In addition, the direct light Q4 from the low position portion and the vision portion can be transmitted to the outer peripheral portion (perimeter zone) inside the building 10 for daylighting. In addition, it blocks direct light from the high position to ensure solar radiation shielding performance.

In this way, by changing the vertical interval of the blades 22 in the height direction, it is possible to achieve both the solar radiation shielding performance and the daylighting performance. In this case, in the method of designing the exterior screen 20 using a computer, it is also possible to input the distances H6 and H7 into the computer as parameters.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the divided member 24 (wing plate 22) is joined to the pillar 30 so that the upper surface thereof is substantially horizontal, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the dividing member 24 may be joined to the strut 30 so that the upper surface is sloped. In this case, the fixing plates 32 and 34 are joined to the column 30 while being inclined with respect to the horizontal direction.

In the example shown in FIG. 10A, the slope is formed so that the building 10 side (right side in the Y direction) is under water. As a result, raindrops on the outer side (left side in the Y direction) of the exterior screen 20 can be suppressed.

On the other hand, in the example shown in FIG. 10B, the slope is formed so that the column 30 side is under water. As a result, raindrops on the outside of the exterior screen 20 can be suppressed, and raindrops on the outer peripheral surface 10A of the building 10 can be suppressed. In this example, the divided member 24 is fixed by being twisted in the longitudinal direction so that the directions of arrows W1 and W2 shown in FIG. 10(C) are under water. Therefore, the angles of the fixing plates 32 and 34 are appropriately set according to the torsional rigidity of the split member 24 .

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the blades 22 are formed in a corrugated shape, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, like the wing plate 28 shown in FIG. 11, it may have a zigzag shape. The zigzag shape can also provide the same effect as the corrugated blade 22 . The amplitude and wavelength of the corrugated shape and zigzag shape in these louvers 22 and louver 28 do not necessarily have to be constant. For example, it may be changed regularly or randomly. Thus, the present invention can be implemented in various modes.

20 Exterior screens 22 (22A, 22B) Wings 28 Wings 30 Struts (backing material)

Claims (3)

a wave-shaped or zigzag-shaped wing plate in a plan view;
a base material in which a plurality of said louver plates are fixed with a space therebetween in the vertical direction, and in which the vertically adjacent louver plates are fixed so as to intersect with each other in a plan view;
Exterior screen with Having a portion with a wide vertical interval and a narrow portion,
An exterior screen according to claim 1. An exterior screen in which a plurality of wavy louver plates in a plan view are vertically spaced apart, and the vertically adjacent louver plates are arranged so as to intersect with each other in a plan view ,
a step of inputting the width, amplitude and vertical spacing of the blades into a computer as parameters;
a step of the computer evaluating the solar shielding performance of the exterior screen according to the position of the sun using the parameters;
comparing the solar shading performance evaluated using different patterns of the parameters;
How to design an exterior screen with