JP7251858B2 - バイオ多段式水素発生システム - Google Patents
バイオ多段式水素発生システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP7251858B2 JP7251858B2 JP2022162153A JP2022162153A JP7251858B2 JP 7251858 B2 JP7251858 B2 JP 7251858B2 JP 2022162153 A JP2022162153 A JP 2022162153A JP 2022162153 A JP2022162153 A JP 2022162153A JP 7251858 B2 JP7251858 B2 JP 7251858B2
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 57
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 56
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 25
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VODBHXZOIQDDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Cu++].[Zn++] VODBHXZOIQDDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QEFDIAQGSDRHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Cr+3].[Fe+2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Cr+3].[Fe+2] QEFDIAQGSDRHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVYYHSKIGBEZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Fe+2] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Fe+2] WVYYHSKIGBEZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZCUTVPBDJKANGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum rhodium Chemical compound [Mo].[Rh] ZCUTVPBDJKANGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
- C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
- C10K3/026—Increasing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. reverse water-gas shift [RWGS]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
- C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/06—Catalysts as integral part of gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
- C10J2300/0933—Coal fines for producing water gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1207—Heating the gasifier using pyrolysis gas as fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1253—Heating the gasifier by injecting hot gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
- C10J2300/1675—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity making use of a steam turbine
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
Description
CO+H2O=CO2+H2ー9,8kcal発熱
CO2+H2=CO+H2O+9,8kcal 吸熱
以下、添付の図面を用いて本発明の実施例を説明する。
炭化・水性ガス化炉201~250~に触媒とバイオマスチップや小枝などは炉の上部から充填する。長さ10メートル以上の竹や丸太のように大きい樹木などは横からでも上からでも挿入可能である。加熱炉からの熱で乾留ガスが発生しなくなったら、スチームを圧入する。炭化物はすべて水性ガス化し、次の装置に供給する。乾留ガスは加熱炉の燃料として使用。排ガスは高温なので、高温スチーム発生に利用して発電するだけでなく、加圧ポンプで加圧し熱回収を容易にする。熱回収器の後もバイオマス乾燥やハウス栽培の熱源としても利用できる。酸素が少なくなっている分バイオマスの変質が少ないかもしれない。排気煙突の高さが低くても排気ガスは充分拡散できる。
2出 各炭化・水性ガス化炉の乾留ガスを集めるパイプ
2入 2出で集めた乾留ガスを貯めておいたタンクから、ガスを加熱炉に送るパイプ
3 各炭化・水性ガス化炉で発生させた水性ガスを集めるパイプ
4 水性ガス化反応のために炭化・水性ガス化炉に圧入する高温スチームを送るパイプ
5 各炭化・水性ガス化炉に空気を吹き込むためのパイプ
○ 開閉バルブ
11 各加熱炉で乾留ガスを燃焼させた後の排ガス流量を調節する。操業中はほぼ開放
12 各炭化・水性ガス化炉から乾留ガスが出なくなったら閉める。
13 スチームを供給する時開ける。
14 乾留ガスを加熱炉に供給する時の流量を調節する
15 炭化・水性ガス化炉の乾留中は閉め、乾留ガスの流出を防ぎ、乾留終了後に水性ガスを取り出す時開ける。
16 乾留中で炭化・水性ガス化炉上部にスチームを供給する時、開ける。
17 水性ガス化反応のため、炭化・水性ガス化炉下部にスチームを供給する時開ける。
18 炭化・水性ガス化炉の温度が下がり過ぎて、炉に空気を吹き込む時に開ける。
19 加熱炉の燃焼具合を調整するため、加圧空気の流量をコントロールする。
〔非特許文献3〕によると 炭素の燃焼熱はC+O2=CO2―94,0Kcal
炭素による水の分解による水素の発生はC+2H2O=CO2+2H2+21,6Kcal
二つの式から水素の燃焼熱を求めると 式の左辺と右辺は等しいので、左辺と次の式の右辺を加えて右辺と次の式の左辺と加えることができる。よって、
C+O2+CO2+2H2+21,6Kcal=CO2―94,0Kcal+C+2H2O
左辺と右辺の同じものは消去 O2+2H2+21,6Kcal=2H2O―94,0Kcal
よって、2H2+O2=2H2O―105,6 Kcal
炭素1分子で水素2分子生成するので、炭素の燃焼熱よりも発生させた水素は20%以上多い燃焼熱を持っていることになる。
その上、炭化・水性ガス化炉からの水性ガスは900°C以上あり、メタノール合成の反応温度は300°C以下で良いため、原料ガスの加熱は不要となる〔非特許文献7〕。炭化・水性ガス化炉から出てきたガスを熱交換器などでスチームの加熱をして発電に利用しても、十分な反応温度を維持できる。よって、熱の有効利用も可能となり、製造コストをより下げられる可能性が高い。
従来は CO+2H2=CH3OH―91,0kJ 発熱
二酸化炭素利用 CO2+3H2=CH3OH+H2O―49,8kJ 発熱
水素をより多く必要とするので、水素価格がメタノール価格に大きく影響する。
Claims (4)
- 固形可燃物である丸太のように大きいサイズからペレットのような小さいサイズのバイオマス及び石炭を炭化・水性ガス化炉に充填する工程、隣接の加熱炉からの高温加熱で乾留する工程、得られた炭化物に加熱炉上部を通した高温のスチームを吹き込んで水性ガス化反応を行わせ炭化物をすべてガス化する工程、 固形可燃物の乾留で発生した可燃性ガスをタンクに集めた後そのガスを供給して燃焼させて加熱炉を高温に維持する工程を含み、前記工程に炭化・水性ガス化炉と加熱炉が交互にサンドイッチ型に組み合った熱効率の良い多段式水素発生装置を利用して水性ガスを発生させるバイオ多段式水素発生システムであって、水性ガス化触媒を固形可燃物と一緒に炭化・水性ガス化炉に充填し、水性ガス化反応速度を高くして生産性を高めることも可能であり、任意に、炭化・水性ガス化炉に上下二段以上のスチーム吹込み部分を有し、固形可燃物(バイオマスや石炭)を乾留して付着した煤やタールなどを高温スチームで水性ガス化して装置内に残らなくしたバイオ多段式水素発生システム。
- 炭化・水性ガス化炉の上部に、シフト反応触媒を充填してガスが抜けることができる容器を設置し、および/または、水性ガス収集本管につながるパイプ中にもシフト反応触媒を充填し、 水性ガス中の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素にし易い請求項1に記載のバイオ多段式水素発生システム 。
- 炭化・水性ガス化炉の上部に、逆シフト反応触媒を充填してガスが抜けることができる容器を設置し、および/または、水性ガス収集本管につながるパイプ中にも逆シフト反応触媒を充填し、水性ガス中の二酸化炭素を一酸化炭素にし易い請求項1に記載のバイオ多段式水素発生システム。
- 加熱炉からの高温排ガスの熱を利用して高温スチームを発生させて発電に利用し、さらに熱回収を繰り返して熱を有効利用し、その他にも高温の水性ガスの熱も発電に利用する請求項1~3に記載の多段式水素発生システム。
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WO2011065194A1 (ja) | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-03 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 逆シフト反応用触媒およびそれを用いた合成ガスの製造方法 |
JP2019214023A (ja) | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 水性ガスシフト反応触媒の製造方法、水性ガスシフト反応触媒、及び水素の製造方法 |
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AU638543B2 (en) | 1990-02-09 | 1993-07-01 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for purifying high-temperature reducing gases and integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation plant |
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JP2019214023A (ja) | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 水性ガスシフト反応触媒の製造方法、水性ガスシフト反応触媒、及び水素の製造方法 |
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