JP7247171B2 - Transmission lubricant composition - Google Patents

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/551,588, filed August 29, 2017. The contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to improved lubricants for transmissions having metal synchromesh components with improved performance.

BACKGROUND When a transmission synchronizer component fails, large amounts of oil can result in sub-optimal friction or high component wear, leading to damage to the synchromesh and failure or failure of the gears or bearings.

A synchronizer is one of the more important components of the gearbox. Improving performance, reducing shifting forces and minimizing energy loss between gears are the main challenges of synchronizer systems. With the increased capabilities of mechanical systems and the introduction of different synchronizers of different designs and materials, existing synchronizer designs can be economically reengineered into more efficient designs. Lubricants and additives for transmission lubricants must be reformulated for these designs to maintain adequate friction between the interacting parts of the synchronizer and protect these parts from wear be able to.

Conventional gear oils or transmission oils do not adequately protect lubricating surfaces from abrasive or corrosive wear.

SUMMARY Accordingly, a) synthetic poly-alpha-olefin base fluids; b) organo-molybdenum friction modifiers; c) antiwear additive combinations of alkylphosphorothiolates and hydrocarbylamines; and d) dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate extreme pressure. A lubricant composition is disclosed that includes an additive.

f) a defoamer; g) a solubilizer; h) a polymeric viscosity index improver; and i) an oligomeric viscosity modifier. It can contain more than

Also disclosed is a method of lubricating a transmission synchronizer surface, the method comprising supplying a lubricant composition to the transmission synchronizer surface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Synthetic poly-alpha-olefins include Group IV poly-alpha-olefins (PAOs), including low or high viscosity fluids. Included are known PAO materials that generally comprise relatively low molecular weight hydrogenated polymers or oligomers of alpha olefins, including C ₂ to about C ₃₂ alpha olefins such as 1-octene, 1-octene, 1- Including, but not limited to, C ₈ to about C ₁₆ alpha olefins such as decene, 1-dodecene, and the like. Examples of poly-alpha-olefins are poly-1-octene, poly-1-decene and poly-1-dodecene, and dimers of higher olefins in the C ₁₄ to C ₁₈ range which provide low viscosity basestocks. be. In some embodiments, synthetic poly-alpha-olefins include trimers and tetramers of 1-octene and/or 1-decene.

Low viscosity PAO fluids include, for example, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride, or a complex of boron trifluoride and water, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, carboxylic acids, or esters such as ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate. may be prepared by polymerizing alpha-olefins in the presence of a polymerization catalyst such as a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, including Methods are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,382,291; 3,742,082; 3,769,363; 3,876,720; 4,149,178; 4,239,930; 4,367,352; 4,413,156; 408; 4,910,355; 4,956,122; and 5,068,487.

In some embodiments, the synthetic base fluid comprises, by weight of the total composition, about 62 weight percent (weight percent), about 63 weight percent, about 64 weight percent, about 65 weight percent, about 66 weight percent, about 67 wt%, about 68 wt%, about 69 wt%, about 70 wt%, about 71 wt%, about 72 wt%, about 73 wt%, about 74 wt%, about 75 wt% or about 76 wt%~ about 77 wt%, about 78 wt%, about 79 wt%, about 80 wt%, about 81 wt%, about 82 wt%, about 83 wt%, about 84 wt%, about 85 wt%, about 86 wt%, present at about 87% or about 88% by weight.

Organo-molybdenum friction modifiers include organo-molybdenum dithiocarbamates, organo-molybdenum dithiophosphates, molybdenum carboxylate salts, molybdenum-amine complexes, molybdenum amine/alcohol/amide complexes, molybdenum cluster compounds and molybdenum disulfides.

In certain embodiments, the organo-molybdenum friction modifier, based on the total weight of the composition, comprises from about 0.2 wt% to about 1.0 wt%, or from about 0.3 wt% to about 0.7 wt%, about 0.8 wt% or about 0.9 wt%; for example about 0.40 wt%, about 0.41 wt%, about 0.42 wt%, about 0.43 wt%, about 0.44 wt% , about 0.45 wt%, about 0.46 wt%, about 0.47 wt%, about 0.48 wt%, about 0.49 wt%, about 0.50 wt%, or about 0.51 wt% from about 0.52 wt%, about 0.53 wt%, about 0.54 wt%, about 0.55 wt%, about 0.56 wt%, about 0.57 wt%, about 0.58 wt%, about 0.59% by weight or about 0.60% by weight.

［式中、
Ｒ_１、Ｒ_２およびＲ_３は、それぞれ独立してヒドロカルビルまたは水素であり、ここで、Ｒ_１、Ｒ_２およびＲ_３のうちの少なくとも１つはヒドロカルビルであり、かつ
Ｘ_１、Ｘ_２およびＸ_３は、独立して酸素または硫黄である；例えば、Ｘ_１、Ｘ_２およびＸ_３のそれぞれが酸素であるか、それぞれが硫黄である場合、またはＸ_１、Ｘ_２およびＸ_３のうちの２つが酸素であり、他が硫黄である場合、またはＸ_１、Ｘ_２およびＸ_３のうちの２つが硫黄であり、他が酸素である場合である］のものである。 In some embodiments, the alkyl phosphorothiolate has the formula

[In the formula,
R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently hydrocarbyl or hydrogen, wherein at least one of R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ is hydrocarbyl and X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ is independently oxygen or sulfur; for example, when each of X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ is oxygen or each is sulfur, or 2 of X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ one is oxygen and the other is sulfur, or two of X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ are sulfur and the other is oxygen].

The hydrocarbylamine may be selected from the group consisting of alkylenediamines such as N-hydrocarbyltrimethylenediamines such as N-oleyl-trimethylenediamine, N-tallow-trimethylenediamine or N-coco-trimethylenediamine.

In some embodiments, the hydrocarbylamine is a primary hydrocarbylamine such as a _C4 - _C30 alkylamine or a _C8 - _C20 alkylamine such as n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n- - dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-pentadecylamine, n-hexadecylamine or n-octadecylamine.

In some embodiments, the alkylphosphorothiolate/hydrocarbylamine antiwear additive is from about 0.2 wt% to about 1.0 wt% or about 0.3 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. to about 0.7 wt%, about 0.8 wt%, or about 0.9 wt%; for example, about 0.40 wt%, about 0.41 wt%, about 0.42 wt%, about 0.43 wt% %, about 0.44 wt%, about 0.45 wt%, about 0.46 wt%, about 0.47 wt%, about 0.48 wt%, about 0.49 wt%, about 0.50 wt% or about 0.51 wt% to about 0.52 wt%, about 0.53 wt%, about 0.54 wt%, about 0.55 wt%, about 0.56 wt%, about 0.57 wt%, about 0.58 wt%, about 0.59 wt%, or about 0.60 wt%.

The weight/weight ratio of alkyl phosphorothiolate to hydrocarbylamine is, for example, about 1/9, about 1/8, about 1/7, about 1/6, about 1/5, about 1/4, about 1 /3, about 1/2 or about 1/1 to about 2/1, about 3/1, about 4/1, about 5/1, about 6/1, about 7/1, about 8/1 or about 9 /1.

［式中、
Ｒ_４、Ｒ_５およびＲ_６は、それぞれ独立してヒドロカルビルである］のものである。 In some embodiments, the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate has the formula

[In the formula,
R ₄ , R ₅ and R ₆ are each independently hydrocarbyl].

［式中、
Ｒ_５およびＲ_６は、独立してＣ_３～Ｃ_１８アルキル、Ｃ_５～Ｃ_１２シクロアルキル、Ｃ_９～Ｃ_１０ビシクロアルキルメチル、Ｃ_９～Ｃ_１０トリシクロアルキルメチル、フェニルまたはＣ_７～Ｃ_２４アルキルフェニルであるか、または酸素原子に一緒に結合したＲ_５およびＲ_６は、

であり、かつ
Ｒ_７は、水素またはメチルである；例えば、Ｒ_５およびＲ_６が、２－メチルプロピルである場合、Ｒ_７は、メチルである］のものである。 For example, dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates have the formula

[In the formula,
R ₅ and R ₆ are independently C ₃ -C ₁₈ alkyl, C ₅ -C ₁₂ cycloalkyl, C ₉ -C ₁₀ bicycloalkylmethyl, C ₉ -C ₁₀ tricycloalkylmethyl, phenyl or C ₇ -C ₂₄ alkylphenyl or _R5 and _R6 bonded together to an oxygen atom are

and R ₇ is hydrogen or methyl; for example, when R ₅ and R ₆ are 2-methylpropyl, R ₇ is methyl.

In certain embodiments, the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate extreme pressure additive is from about 0.2% to about 1.2%, or from about 0.3% to about 0.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. , about 0.9 wt%, about 1.0 wt%, or about 1.1 wt%; 53 wt%, about 0.54 wt%, about 0.55 wt%, about 0.56 wt%, about 0.57 wt%, about 0.58 wt%, about 0.59 wt%, about 0.60 wt% % by weight or about 0.61% to about 0.62%, about 0.63%, about 0.64%, about 0.65%, about 0.66%, about 0.67% by weight %, about 0.68 wt%, about 0.69 wt%, or about 0.70 wt%.

Antiwear and extreme pressure additives are disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 8,404,624 and US Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0090410.

Copper corrosion inhibitors constitute another class of additives suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the present invention. Such compounds include thiazoles, triazoles, and thiadiazoles. Examples of such compounds include benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, octyltriazole, decyltriazole, dodecyltriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-5- hydrocarbylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbyldithio-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(hydrocarbylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 2,5 -bis(hydrocarbyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles. For example, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles are commercially available, and triazoles such as tolyltriazole and 2,5-bis(alkyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles or 2-alkyldithio - in combination with 1,3,4-thiadiazoles such as 5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole. Commercially available materials of these types include COBRATEC TT-100 and HITEC 4313. 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles are generally synthesized from hydrazine and carbon disulfide by known procedures. U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,765,289; 2,749,311; 2,760,933; 2,850,453; 3,663,561; 3,862,798; and 3,840,549.

The copper corrosion inhibitor is, in certain embodiments, from about 0.10 wt% to about 0.60 wt%, or from about 0.10 wt% to about 0.40 wt%, or about 0.50% by weight; for example, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16 wt%, about 0.17 wt%, about 0.18 wt%, about 0.19 wt%, or about 0.20 wt% to about 0.21 wt%, about 0.22 wt%, about 0.23 wt%, about 0.24 wt%, about 0.25 wt%, about 0.26 wt%, about 0.27 wt%, about 0.28 wt%, about 0.29 wt% or about 0 .30% by weight.

Defoamers include silicone oil, silicone resin, silicone glycol, and the like. In one embodiment of the invention, the defoamer comprises silicone oil. In some embodiments of the invention, the defoamer comprises a hydrocarbon or a blend of silicone and hydrocarbon. In certain embodiments of the invention, antifoam agents include trace amounts of silicone components such as silicone oils, silicone resins, silicone glycols, and the like.

Silicone oils are generally not limited and may include any silicone oil known in the art that does not adversely affect the lubricating properties of the resulting lubricating oil composition. Suitable silicone oils can include liquid polymerized siloxanes (polyorganosiloxanes) containing one or more organic groups. Examples of suitable silicone oils include polyalkylsiloxanes (eg polydimethylsiloxane-PDMS), polyarylsiloxanes, polyalkoxysiloxanes, polyaryloxysiloxanes, fluorinated polysiloxanes (eg trifluoropropylmethylsilicone), including, but not limited to, combinations of Generally, silicone oils suitable for use in the present invention have a viscosity of at least 0.5 mm ² /s (cSt) at 25° C., such as from about 0.5 to about 1,000,000 ^{mm 2} /s (cSt) or about 10 ,000 to about 600,000 mm ² /s (cSt). Silicone oil defoamers in an amount ranging from about 0.01 to 99 weight percent, in an amount ranging from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, up to 1 weight percent, based on the total weight of the antifoam agent. It may be present in the antifoam agent or may not be present at all in the antifoam agent. Additionally, the concentration of silicone oil present in the lubricating oil composition can range from 0.1 to 500 ppm by weight, 1 to 100 ppm by weight, or 1 to 50 ppm by weight.

Optionally, the antifoam agent further includes solvents such as paraffinic mineral oils, naphthenic mineral oils, petroleum naphthas, aromatics, toluene, xylenes, benzene, hexane, heptane, octane, dodecane, kerosene, etc. and combinations thereof. can contain. Antifoam agents can be dispersed or dissolved in the solvent. Antifoam agents may include nonionic surfactants.

In certain embodiments, the defoamer has a density of about 0.7 kg/L to about 0.9 kg/L at 20°C, a viscosity of less than about 30 mPas at 25°C, and a viscosity of less than about 20 mm ² /s at 40°C. It can have kinematic viscosity. Exemplary antifoam agents that may be used in the present invention include, without limitation, Foam Ban® 130B and Synative® AC AMH 2.

In certain embodiments, the lubricant composition may contain a solvent capable of dispersing or dissolving the antifoam compound.

In some embodiments, the antifoaming agent is from about 0.10% to about 1.20%, or from about 0.20% to about 0.80%, by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, about 0.90%, about 1.00% or about 1.10%; for example about 0.50%, about 0.51%, about 0.52%, about 0.53%; about 0.54 wt%, about 0.55 wt%, about 0.56 wt%, about 0.57 wt% or about 0.58 wt% to about 0.59 wt%, about 0.60 wt% to about 0.61 wt%, about 0.62 wt%, about 0.63 wt%, about 0.64 wt%, about 0.65 wt%, about 0.66 wt%, about 0.67 wt%, about 0 .68% by weight, about 0.69% by weight or about 0.70% by weight.

In other embodiments, the defoamer is about 0.20 wt%, about 0.21 wt%, about 0.22 wt%, about 0.23 wt%, about 0 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. 0.24 wt%, about 0.25 wt%, about 0.26 wt%, about 0.27 wt%, about 0.28 wt%, about 0.29 wt% or about 0.30 wt% to about 0.24 wt%, about 0.25 wt%, about 0.26 wt%, about 0.27 wt%, about 0.28 wt%, about 0.29 wt% 31 wt%, about 0.32 wt%, about 0.33 wt%, about 0.34 wt%, about 0.35 wt%, about 0.36 wt%, about 0.37 wt%, about 0.38 wt% % by weight, about 0.39% by weight, about 0.40% by weight, about 0.41% by weight, about 0.42% by weight, about 0.43% by weight, about 0.44% by weight, about 0.45% by weight %, about 0.46 wt%, about 0.47 wt%, about 0.48 wt%, or about 0.49 wt%.

In yet another embodiment, the antifoam agent is present at up to about 0.1 wt%, from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, or from about 0.02 wt% to about 0.06 wt%.

The composition advantageously comprises a solubilizer, for example a _C4 - _C14 or _C6 - _C10 α,ω-di-carboxylic acid having a pour point of about -45°C or less, such as -55°C or less. It may contain oil-soluble di-alkyl esters of acids. For example, diesters include _C8 - _C13 alkanol adipates, azelates, sebacates and mixtures thereof. Examples include tri-methylpropyl tricaprylate, di-isodecyl glutarate, di-isododecyl glutarate, di-isooctyl adipate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, di-isononyl adipate, di-iso decyl adipate, di-(tridecyl) adipate, di-propylheptyl adipate, di-propyl adipate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-isooctyl sebacate, di-octyl azelate, di-isooctyl azelate, Included are di-(2-ethylhexyl) azelate, di-isooctyldodecanediate and mixtures thereof. Mixtures of two or more different types of diesters such as dialkyl adipates and dialkyl azelates can also be used.

The solubilizer is, for example, from about 1.0% to about 9.0%, or from about 2.0%, or from about 3.0% to about 7.0%, by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. or about 8.0 wt%; for example, about 4.0 wt%, about 4.1 wt%, about 4.2 wt%, about 4.3 wt%, about 4.4 wt%, about 4.5 wt% %, about 4.6 wt%, about 4.7 wt%, about 4.8 wt%, about 4.9 wt% or about 5.0 wt% to about 5.1 wt%, about 5.2 wt% , about 5.3 wt%, about 5.4 wt%, about 5.5 wt%, about 5.6 wt%, about 5.7 wt%, about 5.8 wt%, about 5.9 wt% or may be present at about 6.0% by weight.

Polymeric viscosity index improvers include polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene/acrylate copolymers and polyethers. Commercially available polymeric viscosity index improvers include VISCOPLEX and ACRYLOID products.

Polymeric viscosity index improvers, for example, from about 1.0 wt% to about 9.0 wt%, or from about 2.0 wt%, or from about 3.0 wt% to about 7.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. % by weight or about 80%; for example, about 4.0%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5% %, about 4.6 wt%, about 4.7 wt%, about 4.8 wt%, about 4.9 wt% or about 5.0 wt% to about 5.1 wt%, about 5.2 wt% , about 5.3 wt%, about 5.4 wt%, about 5.5 wt%, about 5.6 wt%, about 5.7 wt%, about 5.8 wt%, about 5.9 wt% or may be present at about 6.0% by weight.

Oligomer viscosity modifiers include olefin co-oligomers such as ethylene co-alpha-olefin oligomers such as ethylene-propylene co-oligomers. A commercially available co-oligomer is LUCANT HC 1100.

The oligomeric viscosity modifier is, for example, from about 1.0% to about 9.0% by weight, or from about 2.0% by weight, or from about 3.0% to about 7.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. % or about 8.0%; for example, about 4.0%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5% % by weight, about 4.6% by weight, about 4.7% by weight, about 4.8% by weight, about 4.9% by weight or about 5.0% by weight to about 5.1% by weight, about 5.2% by weight %, about 5.3 wt%, about 5.4 wt%, about 5.5 wt%, about 5.6 wt%, about 5.7 wt%, about 5.8 wt%, about 5.9 wt% or about 6.0% by weight.

Hydrocarbyl is a hydrocarbon-containing group such as aryl, alkaryl, linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl, which is bound by one or more heteroatom-containing groups or aryl groups. may be interrupted or substituted, for example interrupted by one or more, for example 1 to 3, —O— groups, —NH— or —C(O)O— groups, and/or one or more, For example, it may be substituted by 1 to 3 halogen, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, amino, thiol, phosphonate or aryl groups. Aryl includes phenyl and substituted phenyl, such as alkyl-substituted phenyl. Hydrocarbyls can contain, for example, from 1 to 150 carbon atoms.

The term "organic" is equivalent to "hydrocarbyl".

Alkyl includes a straight or branched chain of 1 to 25 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1, Included are 1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, icosyl and docosyl. Alkenyl groups are, for example, unsaturated versions of alkyl groups.

Cycloalkyl is, for example, C ₅ -C ₁₂ cycloalkyl, eg cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. Cycloalkylalkyl is, for example, C ₅ -C ₁₂ cycloalkyl-C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, such as cyclopentylmethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl or 2-cyclohexylethyl. Bi-cycloalkyl or tri-cycloalkyl means, for example, bi-cyclohexylmethyl and the like.

The composition advantageously contains solvents, hindered phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, pour point depressants, dispersants, additional defoamers, demulsifiers. , additional friction modifiers, additional antiwear additives and mixtures thereof.

［式中、ＲおよびＲ’は、Ｃ_１～Ｃ_２０アルキル、Ｃ_３～Ｃ_２０アルケニル、Ｃ_５～Ｃ_１２シクロアルキル、Ｃ_７～Ｃ_１３アラルキルおよびＣ_６～Ｃ_１０アリールからなる群から独立して選択され、Ｍは、Ａｌ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、ＺｎおよびＣｕからなる群から選択される金属であり、ｘは、２または３であり、かつｙは、１または２である］のヒドロカルビルジチオホスフェートの金属錯体化合物をさらに含み得る。適したジヒドロカルビルジチオホスフェートは、例えば、亜鉛ジアルキルジチオホスフェートである。 As an additional antiwear additive, the composition has the formula

[wherein R and R′ are independent from the group consisting of C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ alkenyl, C ₅ -C ₁₂ cycloalkyl, C ₇ -C ₁₃ aralkyl and C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl , M is a metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Pb, Sn, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cu, x is 2 or 3, and y is 1 or 2 is a metal complex compound of hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate. Suitable dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates are, for example, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates.

Solvents include paraffinic mineral oils, naphthenic mineral oils, petroleum naphthas, aromatics, toluene, xylenes, benzene, hexanes, heptanes, octane, dodecane, kerosene, etc. and combinations thereof.

Phenolic antioxidants that may be used include the C ₇ -C ₉ branched alkyl ester of 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid, 2-t- Butylphenol, 2-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-t-butyl-5-methylphenol, 2,4-di-t-butylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butylphenol, 2-t- Butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 3-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-t-butylhydroquinone, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-alkylphenol such as 2,6-di- t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-alkoxyphenol, such as , 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol and 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethoxyphenol, 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptooctyl acetate, alkyl -3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, such as n-octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, n-butyl -3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and 2′-ethylhexyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2,6- dt-butyl-α-dimethylamino-p-cresol, 2,2′-methylene-bis(4-alkyl-6-t-butylphenol), such as 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6- t-butylphenol, and 2,2-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), bisphenols such as 4,4'-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol, 4,4'-methylenebis( 2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4′-bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2-(di-p-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(3 ,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 4,4′-cyclohexylidenebis(2,6-t-butylphenol), hexamethylene glycol-bis[3-(3,5-di- t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], triethylene glycol Colebis[3-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate], 2,2'-thio-[diethyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl ) propionate], 3,9-bis{1,1-dimethyl-2-[3-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)propionyloxy]ethyl}2,4,8,10 -tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane, 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol) and 2,2'-thiobis(4,6-di-t-butylresorcinol), polyphenols , for example, tetrakis[methylene-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane, 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butyl phenyl)butane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, bis-[3,3′-bis(4′- Hydroxy-3′-t-butylphenyl)butyric acid] glycol ester, 2-(3′,5′-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl-4-(2″,4″-di- t-butyl-3″-hydroxyphenyl)methyl-6-t-butylphenol and 2,6-bis(2′-hydroxy-3′-t-butyl-5′-methylbenzyl)-4-methylphenol, and Included are pt-butylphenol-formaldehyde condensates and pt-butylphenol-acetaldehyde condensates.

Aminic antioxidants that may be conveniently used include alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, phenyl-β-naphthylamine and alkylated α-naphthylamine.

Exemplary aminic antioxidants include dialkyldiphenylamines such as p,p'-dioctyl-diphenylamine, p,p'-di-α-methylbenzyl-diphenylamine, and Np-butylphenyl-Np '-octylphenylamines, monoalkyldiphenylamines such as mono-t-butyldiphenylamine and mono-octyldiphenylamine, bis(dialkylphenyl)amines such as di-(2,4-diethylphenyl)amine and di(2-ethyl -4-nonylphenyl)amines, alkylphenyl-1-naphthylamines such as octylphenyl-1-naphthylamine and nt-dodecylphenyl-1-naphthylamine, 1-naphthylamine, arylnaphthylamines such as phenyl-1-naphthylamine, Phenyl-2-naphthylamine, N-hexylphenyl-2-naphthylamine and N-octylphenyl-2-naphthylamine, phenylenediamines such as N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine and N,N'-diphenyl-p- Included are phenylenediamines, and phenothiazines such as phenothiazine and 3,7-dioctylphenothiazine.

Examples of rust inhibitors include: 1) organic acids, their esters, metal salts, amine salts and anhydrides, such as alkyl- and alkenyl succinic acids and their partial esters with alcohols, diols or hydroxycarboxylic acids; partial amides of alkyl- and alkenylsuccinic acids, 4-nonylphenoxyacetic acid, alkoxy- and alkoxyethoxycarboxylic acids such as dodecyloxyacetic acid, dodecyloxy(ethoxy)acetic acid and their amine salts, also N-oleoylsarcosine, Sorbitan monooleate, lead naphthenate, alkenylsuccinic anhydrides such as dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-1-dodecyl-3-methylglycerin and its salts such as sodium salt and triethanol 2) nitrogen-containing compounds such as: i) primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines and amine salts of organic and inorganic acids, such as oil-soluble alkylammonium carboxylates; Also 1-(N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-3-(4-nonylphenoxy)propan-2-ol; ii) heterocyclic compounds such as: substituted imidazolines and oxazolines, 2-heptadecenyl -1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazoline; 3) phosphorus-containing compounds such as amine salts of phosphoric acid partial esters or phosphonic acid partial esters, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate; 4) sulfur-containing compounds such as: dinonylnaphthalene sulfone. barium acid, calcium petroleum sulfonates, alkylthio-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids, esters of aliphatic 2-sulfocarboxylic acids and their salts; and 5) glycerin derivatives such as: glycerin monooleate, 1-(alkylphenoxy)-3. -(2-hydroxyethyl)glycerin, 1-(alkylphenoxy)-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)glycerin, 2-carboxyalkyl-1,3-dialkylglycerin.

Pour point depressants include alkylated naphthalene derivatives.

Dispersants/surfactants include polybutenyl succinamides or -imides, polybutenyl phosphonic acid derivatives and basic magnesium, calcium and barium sulfonates, phenolates and salicylates.

Additional antifoam agents include alcohol ethoxy/propoxylates, fatty acid ethoxy/propoxylates, sorbitan partial fatty acid esters, and the like.

Demulsifiers include polyether polyols and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates.

Additional friction modifiers include fatty acids and their derivatives (ie, natural esters of fatty acids such as glycerol monooleate), amides, imides and amines (ie, oleylamine, diisotridecylamine).

Additional antiwear additives include sulfur and/or phosphorus and/or halogen containing compounds such as sulfurized olefins and vegetable oils, tritolyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl and aryl di- and trisulfides, mono- and amine salts of dialkyl phosphates, amine salts of methylphosphonic acid, diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-aminomethyltolyltriazole, derivatives of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, ethyl ( bis(isopropyloxyphosphinothioyl)thiopropionate, triphenylthiophosphate (triphenylphosphorothioate), tris(alkylphenyl)phosphorothioate and mixtures thereof (e.g. tris(isononylphenyl)phosphorothioate), diphenylmonononylphenylphosphorothioate , isobutyl diphenyl phosphorothioate, dodecylamine salt of 3-hydroxy-1,3-thiaphosphetane 3-oxide, 5,5,5-tris-isooctyl trithiophosphate 2-acetate, derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, such as 1-N , N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl-2-mercapto-1H-1,3-benzothiazole and ethoxycarbonyl 5-octyldithiocarbamate.

In some embodiments, the additional component, based on the total weight of the composition, comprises up to about 21%, up to about 15%, up to about 10%, up to about 5%, up to about 1%, about 0.0% to about 0.9%, or about 0.1% to about 21%; for example, about 1%, about 2%, about 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. %, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt% or about 8 wt% to about 9 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 18 wt%, about 19 wt% %, about 20% by weight, or about 21% by weight. In some embodiments, the additional component is from about 0.1 wt% to about 1.2 wt%, or about 0.2 wt%, about 0.3 wt%, about 0.4 wt%, or about 0.5 wt%. % to about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1% or about 1.1% by weight.

The lubricant composition advantageously has a viscosity of about 9.0 mm ² /s, about 9.5 mm ² /s, about 10.0 mm ² /s, about 10.5 mm at 100° C. measured according to ASTM D445. ² /s, about 11.0 mm ² /s or about 11.5 mm ² /s to about 12.0 mm ² /s, about 12.5 mm ² /s, about 13.0 mm ² /s, about 13.5 mm ^{2 /} s s, about 14.0 mm ² /s, about 14.5 mm ² /s, or about 15.0 mm ² /s; for example, at 100° C. from about 10.0 mm ² /s to about 14.0 mm 2 /s, measured according to ASTM D445. It can exhibit a kinematic viscosity of 5 mm ² /s, from about 11.0 mm ² /s to about 13.5 mm ² /s, or from about 11.5 mm ² /s to about 12.5 mm ² /s. Alternatively, the lubricant composition has a viscosity of about 7 to about 11.5 mm ² /s at 100°C; or about 8 to about 10.5 mm ² /s at 100°C or about It can exhibit a kinematic viscosity of 9 to about 9.5 mm ² /s.

The lubricant composition advantageously has a viscosity at -40°C of about 10,000 mPa ^* s, about 15,000 mPa ^* s, about 20,000 mPa ^* s, about 25,000 mPa ^* s, measured according to DIN 51398, or about 30,000 mPa ^* s to about 35,000 mPa ^* s, about 40,000 mPa ^* s, about 45,000 mPa ^* s, about 50,000 mPa ^* s, about 55,000 mPa ^* s, about 60,000 mPa ^* s, It can exhibit a kinematic viscosity of about 65,000 mPa ^* s, about 70,000 mPa ^* s, or about 75,000 mPa ^* s.

The lubricant composition weighs about 820 kg/m ³ , about 830 kg/m 3 , about 840 kg/m ³ , about 850 kg/m ^{3 to} about 860 kg/m ³ , about 870 kg/m 3 at 15° C. measured according to ASTM D4052. /m ³ , about 880 kg/m ³ , about 890 kg/m ³ , or about 900 kg/m ³ .

The phosphorus content of the lubricant composition is about 500 ppm, about 600 ppm, about 700 ppm, about 800 ppm, or about 900 ppm to about 1000 ppm, about 1100 ppm, about 1200 ppm, about 1300 ppm, about 1400 ppm, or It can range from about 1500 ppm.

The sulfur content of the lubricant composition is about 5000 ppm, about 6000 ppm, about 7000 ppm, about 8000 ppm, about 9000 ppm, about 9500 ppm, about 9800 ppm to about 10000 ppm, about 10500 ppm, about 11000 ppm, about 11500 ppm as measured according to ASTM 5185. , about 12000 ppm, about 12500 ppm, about 13000 ppm, about 14000 ppm, or about 15000 ppm.

The synchronizer may comprise surfaces selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, bronze, brass, iron, carbon and steel, such as sintered bronze.

The total weight of the lubricant composition is 100% and the components of the composition are adjusted such that the total composition is 100% by weight. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.

Vehicles include cars, trucks, sport utility vehicles, construction vehicles, vans, step vans, minivans, jeeps, agricultural vehicles including tractors, military vehicles, pickup trucks, and the like.

EXAMPLES The following examples are set forth to aid in the understanding of the invention and should not be construed as specifically limiting the invention described and claimed herein. Such variations of the present invention, which are within the purview of those skilled in the art and include the replacement of all equivalents now known or hereafter developed, which may be changes in formulation or minor changes in experimental design, include: It should be considered within the scope of the invention incorporated herein.

Example 1 - Lubricant composition and method of preparation thereof

The lubricant compositions in Table 1 are
(B1) pre-blending a portion of the solubilizer with the organo-molybdenum friction modifier and stirring in a stirred vessel at ambient temperature;
(B2) A synthetic poly-alpha-olefin base fluid is charged into a blending vessel and heated to about 35-55° C. with stirring, and then a polymeric viscosity index improver and an oligomeric viscosity modifier are added to improve the viscosity index. stirring until the agent and viscosity modifier are completely dissolved;
(B3) A blending vessel is charged with a friction modifier, a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate extreme pressure additive, additional ingredients, a combination of alkylphosphorothiolate and hydrocarbylamine antiwear additives, and a copper corrosion inhibitor at about 35 stirring at ~55°C for about 10 minutes to about 1 hour;
(B4) Charge the preblend from (B1) into a blending vessel and add the remaining portion of the solubilizer;
(B5) can be prepared by cooling the composition in a blending vessel to about 35° C., adding an antifoaming agent, and stirring for about 10 minutes to about 1 hour.

It should be understood that the compositions and corresponding blending procedures in Table 1 are exemplary only and should not be construed as limiting.

Example 2 - Compatibility Test of Lubricant Compositions with Sintered Bronze Friction Material It was evaluated by testing the friction and durability behavior of the lubricant composition using a standard synchronizer test apparatus ZF/ZFG SSP 180. A Daimler double cone synchronizer DK-140 was used with a sintered bronze (HS45) friction material. The test was run for 288,935 cycles before failure was observed (the number of cycles varied between about 242,000 and about 289,000 cycles in this test repeat). The minimum coefficient of friction at the end of the test was μ _min =0.070. Axial wear was fairly high. Thermal stability of the lubricant composition was good and showed little deposition of oil components on the test parts.

Example 3 - Compatibility Test of Lubricant Compositions with Molybdenum Friction Materials The compatibility of the lubricant composition of Example 1 with molybdenum synchronizer surfaces was tested at an elevated oil temperature of about 80°C in a standard synchronizer test. It was evaluated by testing the development of scuffing and coefficient of friction using an apparatus ZF/ZFG SSP 180.

A Daimler Synchronizer AK-180 was used with a molybdenum (Mo) friction material. The test was run for a full 13,000 cycles. Scuffing first occurred at pressure p=1.94 N/mm ² during the main load phase. The number of scuffing cycles in the main load phase is low and very low in the next two main load phases. The average coefficient of friction at the end of the test was μ _avg =0.070.

There is a need in the art for lubricant compositions that are compatible with a variety of synchronizer friction materials, while meeting all other requirements of the Daimler specification for heavy truck manual transmissions according to specification 235.16. . The lubricant compositions disclosed herein exhibit good compatibility with various synchronizer friction materials (e.g., bronze and molybdenum) and comply with Daimler specifications and other specifications for large manual transmissions according to specification 235.16. Address this need by meeting all the requirements of

The articles "a" and "an" herein refer to one or more (eg, at least one) grammatical object. All ranges described herein are included. The term "about" used throughout is used to describe and account for minor variations.

The term "about" refers to numerical values of ±5%, ±4%, ±3%, ±2%, ±1%, ±0.5%, ±0.4%, ±0.3%, ±0. It can mean changed by 2%, ±0.1% or ±0.05%. All numerical values are modified by the term "about," whether or not explicitly indicated. Numeric values modified by the term "about" include the identified value; ie, "about 5.0" includes 5.0. The measurable level of atoms, elements or molecules can depend on the detection method. In part, the term "about" is intended to provide this.

The US patents and published US patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference.

Claims (43)

a) a synthetic poly-alpha-olefin base fluid;
b) an organo-molybdenum friction modifier;
c) an antiwear additive combination of an alkylphosphorothiolate and a hydrocarbylamine; and d) a dihydrocarbyldithiophosphate extreme pressure additive, comprising:
wherein the composition comprises 1.0% to 9.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of an oligomeric viscosity modifier;
A composition wherein said synthetic poly-alpha-olefin base fluid is from 62% to 88% by weight based on the weight of the total composition. The composition of claim 1, comprising a synthetic poly-alpha-olefin base fluid selected from the group consisting of C ₈ to C ₁₆ poly-alpha-olefins. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a synthetic poly-alpha-olefin base fluid selected from the group consisting of poly-1-octene, poly-1-decene, poly-1-dodecene and mixtures thereof. Friction modifiers selected from the group consisting of organic molybdenum dithiocarbamates, organic molybdenum dithiophosphates, molybdenum carboxylate salts, molybdenum-amine complexes, molybdenum amine/alcohol/amide complexes, molybdenum cluster compounds and molybdenum disulfide. 4. A composition according to any one of 1 to 3. 5. A composition according to any preceding claim, comprising a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of organomolybdenum dithiocarbamates. formula

[In the formula,
R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently hydrocarbyl or hydrogen, wherein at least one of R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ is hydrocarbyl and X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ is independently oxygen or sulfur ] . 7. The composition of any one of claims 1-6, comprising a hydrocarbylamine selected from the group consisting of alkylenediamines . 8. The composition of any one of claims 1-7, comprising a hydrocarbylamine selected from the group consisting of primary hydrocarbylamines. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the weight/weight ratio of alkylphosphorothiolate to hydrocarbylamine is from 1/9 to 9/1 . formula

[In the formula,
R ₄ , R ₅ and R ₆ are each independently hydrocarbyl]. formula

[In the formula,
R ₅ and R ₆ are independently C ₃ -C ₁₈ alkyl, C ₅ -C ₁₂ cycloalkyl, C ₉ -C ₁₀ bicycloalkylmethyl, C ₉ -C ₁₀ tricycloalkylmethyl, phenyl or C ₇ -C ₂₄ alkylphenyl or _R5 and _R6 bonded together to an oxygen atom are

and R ₇ is hydrogen or methyl . At 100° C. , 9.5 psi measured according to ASTM D445. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, having a kinematic viscosity of 0 mm ² / s to 15.0 mm ² / s . The organo-molybdenum friction modifier, based on the total weight of the composition , is present in an amount of 0.5% . 2% by weight to 1 . 13. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12 , which is 0 % by weight. The combination of anti-wear additives, based on the total weight of the composition , is 0.5% . 2% by weight to 1 . 14. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13 , which is 0 % by weight. The dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate extreme pressure additive, based on the total weight of the composition, is present in an amount of 0.5%, based on the total weight of the composition. 2 to 1 . 15. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14 , which is 2 % by weight. 16. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15 , comprising e) a copper corrosion inhibitor. Based on the total weight of the composition , 0.5 . 10% by weight to 0 . 17. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising 60 % by weight of a copper corrosion inhibitor. 18. A composition according to any preceding claim, comprising a copper corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of thiazoles, triazoles and thiadiazoles. benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, octyltriazole, decyltriazole, dodecyltriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbylthio-1,3,4- Thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbyldithio-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(hydrocarbylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2,5-bis(hydrocarbyldithio)-1,3 19. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 18 , comprising a copper corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of ,4-thiadiazoles. 20. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19 , comprising f) an antifoaming agent. Based on the total weight of the composition , 0.5 . 10% by weight to 1 . 21. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising 20 % by weight of antifoam agent. 22. The composition of any one of claims 1-21 , comprising an antifoam agent selected from the group consisting of silicone oils, silicone resins, silicone glycols and mixtures thereof. 23. A composition according to any preceding claim, comprising g) a solubilizer. Based on the total weight of the composition , 1 . 0% by weight to 9.0 % by weight. 24. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 23 , comprising 0 % by weight of solubilizer. - comprising a solubilizer selected from the group consisting of di-alkyl esters of _C4 - _C14 α ,ω-di-carboxylic acids having a pour point of 45 °C or less ; A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 26. The composition of any one of claims 1-25 , comprising a solubilizer selected from the group consisting of _C8 - _C13 alkanol adipates, azelates, sebacates and mixtures thereof. tri-methylpropyl tricaprylate, di-isodecyl glutarate, di-isododecyl glutarate, di-isooctyl adipate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, di-isononyl adipate, di-isodecyl adipate, di -(tridecyl) adipate, di-propylheptyl adipate, di-propyl adipate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-isooctyl sebacate, di-octylazelate, di-isooctylazelate, di-(2 -ethylhexyl ) azelate, di-isooctyldodecanediate and mixtures thereof. 28. The composition of any one of claims 1-27 , comprising h) a polymeric viscosity index improver. Based on the total weight of the composition , 1 . 0% by weight to 9.0 % by weight. 29. The composition of any one of claims 1-28 , comprising 0 % by weight of polymeric viscosity index improver. 30. Any one of claims 1 to 29 , comprising a polymeric viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polybutenes, styrene/acrylate copolymers and polyethers. A composition according to claim. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an oligomeric viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of olefin co-oligomers . j) solvents, hindered phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, pour point depressants, dispersants, additional defoamers, demulsifiers, additional friction modifiers, additional 32. A composition according to any preceding claim, comprising a further component selected from the group consisting of antiwear additives, detergents and mixtures thereof. Based on the total weight of the composition , 0.5 . Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 32 , comprising from 1% to 21 % by weight of further ingredients. a) a synthetic poly-alpha-olefin base fluid;
b) an organo-molybdenum friction modifier;
c) an antiwear additive combination of an alkyl phosphorothiolate and a hydrocarbylamine;
d) a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate extreme pressure additive; and e) a copper corrosion inhibitor; and/or f) an antifoam agent; and/or g) a solubilizer; and/or h) a polymeric viscosity index improver; /or i) an oligomeric viscosity modifier; and/or j) a further component comprising:
wherein the composition comprises 1.0% to 9.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of an oligomeric viscosity modifier;
A composition wherein said synthetic poly-alpha-olefin base fluid is from 62% to 88% by weight based on the weight of the total composition. 6 6.0 to 8 4.0% by weight of a); 60% by weight of b) ;0 . 40 to 0 . 60% by weight of c); and 0.60 % by weight of c); 50 to 0 . 70% by weight of d); and/ or 0 . 10 to 0 . 30% by weight of e); and/ or 0 . 50 to 0 . 70% by weight of f); and/ or 4 . 0 to 6 . 0% by weight g); and/ or 4 . 0 to 6 . 0% by weight of h); and/ or 4 . 0 to 6 . 0% by weight of i); and/ or 0 . 35. The lubricant composition of claim 34, comprising 1 wt% to 21 wt% of j). Solvents, hindered phenolic antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, pour point depressants, dispersants, additional defoamers, demulsifiers, additional friction modifiers, additional antiwear additives and mixtures thereof 36. The composition of claim 34 or 35 , comprising a further component selected from the group consisting of Based on the total weight of the composition , 0.5 . A composition according to any one of claims 34 to 36 , comprising from 1% to 21 % by weight of further ingredients. 38. A method of lubricating a surface of a transmission synchronizer comprising applying a lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 37 to the surface of a transmission synchronizer. How to lubricate the surface of the synchronizer. 39. The method of Claim 38 , wherein the synchronizer comprises a surface selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, bronze, brass, iron, carbon and steel. A transmission comprising a lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1-37 . A gearbox comprising a lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1-37 . A vehicle comprising a lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1-37 . 38. A vehicle comprising a transmission comprising a lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1-37 .