JP7239967B2 - Crop cultivation method in solar sharing - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a crop cultivation method in solar sharing, in which crops are cultivated on farmland and solar power is generated on the farmland.

Solar sharing, in which photovoltaic panels are installed on a rack installed in farmland and crops are grown on the ground below the solar panel, has not been approved for a long time because the installation of a rack constitutes conversion of farmland. rice field. However, in recent years, as the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has loosened regulations on conversion of farmland, the number of farmers who use solar sharing is increasing. This solar sharing is expected to increase the profitability of farmland and stop the decrease in the number of people engaged in agriculture and the increase in abandoned farmland.

However, with solar sharing, the ground above which crops are grown is covered with photovoltaic panels, creating shade in the farmland. For this reason, solar sharing can grow lettuce, mushrooms, and other crops that do not require a large amount of light for growth (crops with a low light saturation point), but tomatoes and other crops that require a large amount of light for growth can grow. It was difficult to grow crops in need (crops with high light saturation points). In conventional solar sharing, if light of 50 klx reaches the ground below the photovoltaic panel, it is common to cultivate crops with a light saturation point of 50 klx or less.

Perhaps in view of this situation, it has been proposed to provide lighting composed of light-emitting diodes on the underside of the photovoltaic panel in solar sharing, as shown in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2. It is Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 describe that the provision of lighting makes it possible to compensate for the lack of sunlight and prevent the growth of crops from being hindered (for example, Patent Literature 1 See paragraph 0004, etc.).

JP 2018-093853 A JP 2018-093854 A

However, in the solar sharing of Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2, the upper part of the space for cultivating crops (cultivation space) is covered with photovoltaic panels, while the sides of the cultivation space are left open. It has become. Therefore, there is a risk that rainwater and wind may enter from the sides of the cultivation space and adversely affect the cultivation of crops. For some crops, it is important to control temperature and humidity as well as control of irradiation light. In this respect, in the solar sharing of Patent Documents 1 and 2, even though irradiation light can be controlled, temperature and humidity cannot be controlled.

Controlled cultivation that controls the amount of light applied to crops, the amount of water given to crops, and the temperature and humidity of the cultivation space is usually performed in an indoor cultivation factory (closed cultivation factory). However, cultivation in a closed cultivation factory (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "factory cultivation") is not only high in equipment introduction cost, but also high in running cost. For this reason, if factory cultivation is to be profitable, it is necessary to construct a fairly large-scale facility, and it is difficult for general farmers to introduce factory cultivation. In addition, since factory cultivation does not use soil as a medium, general farmers who are accustomed to cultivation methods that use soil as a medium will be able to apply the knowledge they have gained through their experience to factory cultivation. is not limited.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and it is possible to not only cultivate crops with a low light saturation point, but also to cultivate crops in solar sharing that can be cultivated under controlled conditions such as factory cultivation. A cultivation method is provided. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a crop cultivation method in solar sharing that is inexpensive to introduce and running, and is profitable even on small-scale farmlands. Furthermore, it is another object of the present invention to provide a method of cultivating crops in solar sharing that allows general farmers who are accustomed to the cultivation method using soil as a culture medium to utilize the knowledge they have acquired through their experience. be.

The above issues are
A crop cultivation method in solar sharing for cultivating crops on bare ground under a plurality of sets of photovoltaic panel groups supported at a predetermined height from the ground,
Cover the gaps between adjacent photovoltaic panel groups with roofing materials,
Surrounding the side of the solar panel group or the space under the roof surface material (hereinafter referred to as "cultivation space") with the wall surface material,
The problem is solved by providing a crop cultivation method in solar sharing, characterized in that a plurality of lighting devices for irradiating the crops cultivated in the cultivation space with auxiliary light are provided in the cultivation space.

In the crop cultivation method in solar sharing of the present invention, since the lighting device for irradiating the crops with auxiliary light is provided in the cultivation space, the cultivation space below the solar power generation panel group can grow crops with a low light saturation point ( It is possible to grow not only lettuce, mushrooms, etc.) but also crops with a high light saturation point (tomatoes, etc.). Therefore, it is possible to cultivate a wide variety of crops while using solar sharing.

In addition, in the crop cultivation method in solar sharing of the present invention, the upper part of the cultivation space is covered with the solar power generation panel and the roof surface material, and the sides of the cultivation space are surrounded by the wall surface material. ing. For this reason, although it is an outdoor facility, it is possible to keep the cultivation space closed from the outside and perform managed cultivation like factory cultivation (solar sharing cultivation factory). Nevertheless, the equipment is very simple, and the installation and running costs are low, so even small-scale agricultural land can be profitable. Therefore, it can be introduced even by ordinary farmers. In addition, it is possible to prevent damage to crops due to heavy rain and strong winds and stabilize the yield of crops.

Furthermore, since the crop cultivation method in the solar sharing of the present invention cultivates crops on bare ground (uses soil as a medium), general farmers who are accustomed to using soil as a medium can utilize the knowledge gained through previous experience. Therefore, it is also possible to reduce the psychological burden on farmers when introducing solar sharing, which is turned into a cultivation factory.

In the method of cultivating crops in solar sharing of the present invention, the surface materials for roofs and wall materials are not particularly limited as long as they are planar (plate-like or sheet-like) members. For example, if a surface material that diffuses light (light diffusing surface material) such as translucent Namiita is used as a roof surface material or wall surface material, the sunlight that hits the roof surface material or wall surface material can be introduced into the cultivation space while diffusing, and the cultivation space can be evenly illuminated with soft light. In addition, if a surface material (translucent surface material) that transmits most of the light that hits it, such as a transparent acrylic plate or vinyl sheet, is used as the surface material for the roof or the surface material for the wall, a large amount of light can be received in the cultivation space. can be introduced. Furthermore, if a surface material that blocks light (light-shielding surface material), such as a light-shielding plate, a light-shielding sheet, or a light-shielding net, is used as the surface material for the roof or the surface material for the wall, crops can be cultivated only with the light from the lighting device. be possible.

In the crop cultivation method in solar sharing of the present invention, it is preferable to provide watering means for supplying water to the crops cultivated in the cultivation space. This is because, in the crop cultivation method in the solar sharing of the present invention, as described above, the cultivation space is in a closed state, and rain does not pour into the cultivation space. In this regard, by providing the irrigation means in the cultivation space, it is possible not only to supply water to the crops, but also to strictly control the amount of water to be supplied to the crops.

In the method of cultivating crops in solar sharing of the present invention, it is also preferable to provide air conditioning means for adjusting the temperature or humidity of the cultivation space. This is because, as already described, in the crop cultivation method in solar sharing of the present invention, when the cultivation space is in a closed state, the temperature and humidity of the cultivation space can be controlled by providing air conditioning means in the cultivation space. This is because strict control becomes possible. This configuration is particularly suitable for harvesting seasonal crops at a time different from the original harvest time.

In the crop cultivation method in solar sharing of the present invention, it is also preferable to provide a battery for storing power generated by the photovoltaic panel. As a result, it is possible not only to peak-shift the power of the auxiliary lighting that is applied to the crops from the lighting device, but also to reduce the electricity bill. For example, when the sun is out, the lights are turned off or dimmed so that the light illuminating the crops is mainly the light that passes through the roof panels, etc. For several hours after sunset, the power stored in the battery can be used to brighten the lighting device. A few hours after sunset, commercial power becomes a cheaper late-night charge. can be irradiated with light. At this time, by controlling the time period and amount of light to irradiate the crops, it is possible to manage the growth speed of the crops and control the timing of shipping the crops to the market, making it possible to realize more active agriculture. become. This configuration can be suitably adopted in the future when the selling price of photovoltaic power generation falls below the buying price of photovoltaic power generation or when the depreciation of photovoltaic power generation equipment is finished.

In the crop cultivation method in solar sharing of the present invention, the lighting device is a combination of light sources of three primary colors, and is capable of independently controlling the illuminance of each color light source, and the light control means is: It is also preferable to adjust the illuminance of the light source of the lighting device for each color. As a result, it becomes possible to change the color of the light emitted from the lighting equipment, for example, between morning light and daylight, making it possible to more strictly manage the growth speed of crops. Become.

In the method of cultivating crops in solar sharing of the present invention, it is also preferable that the lighting device uses a light emitting diode as a light source. This makes it possible to extend the life of the lighting device, reduce the frequency of replacement of the light source, and reduce the maintenance cost of the lighting device. Also, it is possible to reduce the electricity bill by making the lighting device a power-saving one.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible not only to cultivate crops with a low light saturation point, but also to provide a crop cultivation method in solar sharing that enables controlled cultivation such as factory cultivation. Become. In addition, it is possible to provide a crop cultivation method in solar sharing that can be profitable even in small-scale farmland, with low introduction and running costs. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide a crop cultivation method in solar sharing that allows general farmers who are accustomed to cultivation methods that use soil as a medium to utilize the knowledge they have gained through their experience.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing crops being cultivated by the crop cultivation method in solar sharing of the present invention.

A preferred embodiment of the crop cultivation method in solar sharing of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the drawings. The configuration described below is merely one preferred embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate without departing from the scope of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a crop 1 being cultivated by the crop cultivation method in solar sharing of the present invention.

The method of cultivating crops in solar sharing of the present invention, as shown in FIG. is to be cultivated. Each photovoltaic panel group 10 has a plurality of photovoltaic panels in the horizontal direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 1) or the vertical direction (the direction along the inclination of the photovoltaic panel group 10 in FIG. 1). are arranged side by side. The photovoltaic panel group 10 is sometimes called a "photovoltaic array." In this embodiment, the photovoltaic panel group 10 is installed on the upper side of the frame 20 configured by combining structural members such as a plurality of posts 21 and a plurality of crosspieces 22 erected in the vertical direction.

The photovoltaic panel group 10 may be arranged horizontally, but when solar sharing is carried out in the northern hemisphere, it is usually installed in a state inclined toward the south. As a result, the light from the sun 3 is made to enter the photovoltaic panel group 10 in a nearly vertical state, so that the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic panel group 10 can be increased. In addition, it is possible to make it easier for rainwater to run down the surface of the photovoltaic panel group 10 and to make it difficult for dust and the like to adhere to the surface of the photovoltaic panel group 10 . The inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel group 10 varies depending on the latitude of the place where solar sharing is performed, but in Japan it is generally in the range of 10 to 40 degrees. When solar sharing is implemented in the southern hemisphere, the photovoltaic panel group 10 is normally provided in a state inclined toward the north.

Each photovoltaic panel group 10 is arranged in the front-rear direction (north-south direction) so that the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel group 10 on the rear side (north side) is not shaded by the photovoltaic panel group 10 on the front side (south side). A gap (a gap indicated by a width _W2 ) is provided between the photovoltaic panel groups 10 adjacent to each other in the direction (direction). The width _W2 of the gap between the photovoltaic panel groups 10 adjacent in the front-rear direction also varies depending on the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel groups 10 . That is, when the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel group 10 is small (close to 0°), the width _W2 of the gap between the photovoltaic panel groups 10 adjacent to each other in the front-rear direction can be narrowed. When the inclination angle of the power generation panel group 10 is large (close to 90°), it becomes necessary to increase the width _W2 of the gap between the photovoltaic panel groups 10 adjacent in the front-rear direction. In this embodiment, the width _W2 of the gap between the photovoltaic panel groups 10 adjacent to each other in the front-rear direction is substantially equal to the width _W1 of each photovoltaic panel group 10 in the front-rear direction.

A gap between the photovoltaic panel groups 10 adjacent to each other in the front-rear direction is closed by being covered with the roof surface material 30 . Therefore, the upper part of the cultivation space α for cultivating crops is covered with the roof surface material 30 and the photovoltaic panel group 10 . Contrary to the photovoltaic panel group 10, each roof surface material 30 is arranged in a state inclined toward the north. For this reason, rainwater falling on the roof surface material 30 also flows down the surface of the roof surface material 30.例文帳に追加A rain gutter 40 is provided at the boundary where the roof surface material 30 and the photovoltaic panel group 10 fall, and rainwater flowing down from the roof surface material 30 and the photovoltaic panel group 10 is received by the rain gutter 40. - 特許庁I am making it possible. Rainwater falling down the gutter 40 flows into a rainwater storage tank (not shown).

The cultivation space α is not only covered with the roof surface material 30 and the photovoltaic panel group 10 on its upper side, but also covered with the wall surface material 50 on its sides. In FIG. 1, only the wall surface material 50 covering the west side (the wall surface material 50 located on the back side of the paper surface of FIG. 1 (the portion indicated by the mesh hatching in the figure)) is illustrated. The east side of the space α (the front side of the paper surface of FIG. 1), the south side of the cultivation space α (the left side of the paper surface of FIG. 1), the north side of the cultivation space α (the right side of the paper surface of FIG. 1), etc. are also wall surfaces. It is covered with material 50. Therefore, the cultivation space α is surrounded by the wall surface material 50 . The roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50 are not particularly limited as long as they are planar (plate-like or sheet-like) members. As the roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50, a light diffusion surface material (translucent Namiita, etc.), a translucent surface material (transparent acrylic plate, vinyl sheet, etc.), a light shielding surface material (light shielding plate, etc.) A light shielding sheet, a light shielding net, etc.) are exemplified.

When a light diffusing surface material is used as the roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50, the light from the sun 3 is diffused (scattered) through the roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50 and guided to the cultivation space α. can be put in. The intense light stress of the crop 1 can be reduced by irradiating the crop 1 with diffused light (scattered light) as described above instead of exposing it to direct sunlight. On the other hand, if a translucent surface material is used as the roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50, a large amount of strong light can be introduced into the cultivation space α through the roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50. Conversely, if a light-shielding surface material is used as the roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50, it is possible to prevent the light of the sun 3 from entering the cultivation space α through the roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50. can. Which one to use as the roof surface material 30 or the wall surface material is appropriately determined according to the type of the crop 1 to be cultivated in the cultivation space α. For example, when cultivating crops with a low light saturation point such as shiitake mushrooms, the roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50 are used as light-shielding surface materials (light-shielding net with a light-shielding rate of 95%, etc.), such as tomatoes. In the case of cultivating crops with a high light saturation point, the roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50 are made of a light diffusion surface material (semitransparent Namiita, etc.).

A plurality of lighting devices 60 are provided in the cultivation space α. As already mentioned, general solar sharing has the disadvantage that the crops that can be cultivated are limited to those with a low light saturation point. In this regard, by providing the lighting device 60 in the cultivation space α and irradiating the crops 1 with light (auxiliary light) from the lighting device 60, the cultivation space α can be used not only for crops with a low light saturation point but also for crops with a low light saturation point. It is also possible to grow crops with high points. Although an incandescent lamp or a fluorescent lamp may be used as the lighting device 60, it is preferable to use a light emitting diode as a light source in consideration of life, power saving, and the like. In this case, lighting device 60 may be a combination of a red light emitting diode, a blue light emitting diode, and a green light emitting diode. The lighting device 60 can independently control the illuminance of each color light-emitting diode, and can reproduce subtle changes such as morning light and afternoon light. Therefore, it is possible to strictly manage the growing speed of the crop 1 .

The lighting device 60 may be lit exclusively by a commercial power supply, but in the future, if the selling price of photovoltaic power generation falls below the purchase price of photovoltaic power generation, or if the depreciation of the photovoltaic power generation equipment is finished. Therefore, it is more economical to use the power generated by the photovoltaic panel group 10 as much as possible. However, if the power generated by the photovoltaic panel group 10 is used sequentially, the lighting device 60 can be turned on only while the photovoltaic panel group 10 is generating power (while the sun 3 is out). can't For this reason, in this embodiment, the power generated by the photovoltaic panel group 10 can be stored in a battery (not shown), and the power stored in the battery can be used as appropriate to enable the illumination device 60 to light up. As a result, it is possible not only to peak-shift the electric power of the auxiliary lighting that is applied to the crops 1 from the lighting device 60, but also to reduce the electricity cost.

Specifically, while the sun 3 is out, the lighting device 60 is turned off (or turned on with a low illuminance), and the light emitted to the crops 1 is mainly emitted from the roof surface material 30 and the wall surface material 50 . In addition, for several hours after sunset, the lighting device 60 is lit with the power stored in the battery (or with a higher illuminance than when the sun 3 is out) lighting), and in a time period when the electricity bill of the commercial power supply is cheap late at night, the driving power of the lighting device 60 is switched to the commercial power supply. Such switching of the drive power of the lighting device 60 and control of the illuminance of the lighting device 60 are performed by a controller (not shown). This controller also controls the illuminance of each color light-emitting diode when the illumination device 60 can independently control the illuminance of the light-emitting diodes of a plurality of colors as described above. This makes it easier to manage the growing speed of the crop 1 and control the timing of shipping the crop 1 to the market, making it possible to realize more active agriculture.

The controller described above may switch the driving power of the lighting device 60 and control the illuminance according to a predetermined time. However, the time of sunrise and sunset varies depending on the season and location. In addition, it is not possible to determine the state of lack of sunshine such as cloudy weather or rain only with control based on time, and as a result, there is a possibility that the crop 1 will receive insufficient light. In this respect, an illuminance detecting means (not shown) for detecting the illuminance of the cultivation space α is provided, and the lighting device 60 is switched or the illuminance is controlled according to the illuminance of the cultivating space α detected by the illuminance detecting means. can also be This makes it possible to more strictly control the amount of light applied to the crop 1 .

By the way, in the crop cultivation method in the solar sharing of the present invention, since the cultivation space α is closed by the photovoltaic panel group 10, the roof surface material 30, and the wall surface material 50, rainwater does not enter the cultivation space α. is in a state where water is not poured, and the crop 1 cannot be supplied with sufficient water as it is. For this reason, artificial irrigation is required, except for some crops that do not require much water to grow. Therefore, in this embodiment, watering means 70 for supplying water 4 to the crops 1 cultivated in the cultivation space α is provided. As a result, it is possible not only to supply water to the crops 1, but also to strictly manage the amount of water. The irrigation means 70 may exclusively use tap water, but it is possible to save tap water by using the rainwater stored in the rainwater storage tank described above.

In addition, in the crop cultivation method in the solar sharing of the present invention, the cultivation space α is closed by the photovoltaic panel group 10, the roof surface material 30, and the wall surface material 50. It is also possible to adjust the temperature and humidity of the cultivation space α by providing an omitted air conditioning means. This makes it easier to manage the growing speed of the crop 1 . In the future, if the selling price of photovoltaic power generation falls below the purchasing price of photovoltaic power generation, or if the depreciation of the photovoltaic power generation equipment is finished, the air conditioning means will be switched to the photovoltaic power generation system in the same way as the lighting device 60 described above. If the panel group 10 is driven by the electric power generated, the electricity bill can be saved.

As described above, the crop cultivation method in solar sharing of the present embodiment is such that the amount of light irradiated to the crops 1, the amount of water supplied to the crops 1, and the temperature and humidity of the cultivation space α are adjusted to factory cultivation. It can be managed in the same way, and the improvement and stabilization of agricultural income can be expected. Nevertheless, the equipment is very simple compared to factory cultivation, and the introduction cost and running cost are low. For this reason, it is sufficiently possible to make a profit even on a small-scale agricultural land. Therefore, it is sufficiently possible for even small-scale companies and individuals to introduce it. In addition, since the crops 1 are cultivated on the bare ground 2 (soil is used as a medium), general farmers who are accustomed to using soil as a medium can apply the knowledge they have gained through their experience. It can be utilized.

1 Crop 2 Ground 3 Sun 4 Water 10 Photovoltaic panel group 20 Stand 21 Post 22 Crosspiece 30 Roof surface material 40 Rain gutter 50 Wall surface material 60 Lighting device 70 Sprinkling means α Cultivation space

Claims (7)

A crop cultivation method in solar sharing for cultivating crops on bare ground under a plurality of sets of photovoltaic panel groups supported at a predetermined height from the ground,
Each group of photovoltaic panels is arranged facing south in an inclined state,
Cover the gaps between the photovoltaic panels adjacent to each other in the north-south direction with a roof surface material made of a light-shielding surface material slanted toward the north ,
Surrounding the side of the space under the group of photovoltaic panels or the roof surface material (hereinafter referred to as "cultivation space") with a wall surface material made of a light-shielding surface material,
A method of cultivating crops in solar sharing , comprising providing a plurality of lighting devices in the cultivation space for irradiating the crops cultivated in the cultivation space with light so as to reach a light saturation point of the crops .
2. The method of cultivating crops in solar sharing according to claim 1, further comprising water sprinkling means for supplying water to the crops cultivated in the cultivation space.
3. The method of cultivating crops in solar sharing according to claim 1, further comprising air conditioning means for adjusting the temperature or humidity of the cultivation space.
3. The solar system according to claim 1, wherein the width _W1 of each solar panel group in the north-south direction and the width _W2 of the gap between the solar power generation panel groups adjacent to each other in the north-south direction are set substantially equal. Crop cultivation method in sharing.
5. The method of cultivating crops in solar sharing according to claim 4, further comprising a battery for storing power generated by the photovoltaic panel.
The lighting device is a combination of three primary color light sources, and is capable of independently controlling the illuminance of each color light source,
6. The method of cultivating crops in solar sharing according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the dimming means adjusts the illuminance of the light source of the lighting device for each color.
The crop cultivation method in solar sharing according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the lighting device uses a light emitting diode as a light source.
A crop cultivation method in solar sharing according to any one of the above.

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