JP7228318B2 - 処置用化合物及び組成物、並びにその使用方法 - Google Patents
処置用化合物及び組成物、並びにその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7228318B2 JP7228318B2 JP2019564529A JP2019564529A JP7228318B2 JP 7228318 B2 JP7228318 B2 JP 7228318B2 JP 2019564529 A JP2019564529 A JP 2019564529A JP 2019564529 A JP2019564529 A JP 2019564529A JP 7228318 B2 JP7228318 B2 JP 7228318B2
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D498/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Description
本願は、2018年3月19日出願の米国特許出願第62/644,784号及び2017年5月22日出願の国際出願第PCT/CN/2017/085277号に対する優先権の利益を主張し、これらはそれぞれ全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
本発明は、JAK1等のヤヌスキナーゼの阻害剤である化合物に加えて、これら化合物を含有する組成物、及びJAKキナーゼの阻害に応答する病態に罹患している患者の診断又は処置を含むがこれらに限定されない使用方法に関する。
サイトカイン経路は、炎症及び免疫の多くの局面を含む広範囲にわたる生物学的機能を媒介する。JAK1、JAK2、JAK3、及びTYK2を含むヤヌスキナーゼ(JAK)は、I型及びII型のサイトカイン受容体に結合し、そして、サイトカインのシグナル伝達を制御する細胞質タンパク質キナーゼである。サイトカインと同種受容体との結合によって、受容体に結合しているJAKの活性化が誘発され、そして、これは、シグナル伝達性転写因子(STAT)タンパク質のJAKによって媒介されるチロシンリン酸化、そして、最終的には、特定の遺伝子セットの転写活性化につながる(Schindler et al., 2007, J. Biol. Chem. 282: 20059-63)。JAK1、JAK2、及びTYK2は、広いパターンの遺伝子発現を示すが、JAK3の発現は白血球に限定される。サイトカイン受容体は、典型的にはヘテロダイマーとして機能するので、その結果、通常1種を超えるJAKキナーゼがサイトカイン受容体複合体と結合する。様々なサイトカイン受容体複合体に結合する特異的JAKが、遺伝学研究を通して多くの状況において決定されており、そして、他の実験的証拠によって裏付けられている。JAK酵素の阻害の例示的な処置上の利点は、例えば、国際公開公報第2013/014567号において論じられている。
例えば式(I)の化合物若しくは表1の化合物、又はこれらの立体異性体若しくは塩、例えばこれらの薬学的に許容し得る塩から選択される、JAKキナーゼを阻害するピラゾロピリミジンが本明細書に提供される。JAKキナーゼは、JAK1であってよい。表1の各化合物の絶対立体化学については記載しない場合もある:したがって、構造が1回超記載される場合もあり、それぞれが単一の立体異性体を表す。
又はその塩(例えば、薬学的に許容し得る塩)若しくは立体異性体(式中、
R1は、H、C1-C6アルキル、C2-C6アルケニル、C2-C6アルキニル、-(C0-C3アルキル)CN、-(C0-C3アルキル)ORa、-(C0-C3アルキル)Ra、-(C0-C3アルキル)SRa、-(C0-C3アルキル)NRaRb、-(C0-C3アルキル)OCF3、-(C0-C3アルキル)CF3、-(C0-C3アルキル)NO2、-(C0-C3アルキル)C(O)Ra、-(C0-C3アルキル)C(O)ORa、-(C0-C3アルキル)C(O)NRaRb、-(C0-C3アルキル)NRaC(O)Rb、-(C0-C3アルキル)S(O)1-2Ra、-(C0-C3アルキル)NRaS(O)1-2Rb、-(C0-C3アルキル)S(O)1-2NRaRb、-(C0-C3アルキル)(5~6員のヘテロアリール)、又は-(C0-C3アルキル)フェニルであり、R1は、場合により、ハロゲン、C1-C3アルキル、オキソ、-CF3、-(C0-C3アルキル)ORc、及び-(C0-C3アルキル)NRcRdからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって置換されており;
Raは、独立して、水素、C1-C6アルキル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、3~10員のヘテロシクリル、5~6員のヘテロアリール、-C(O)Rc、-C(O)ORc、-C(O)NRcRd、-NRcC(O)Rd、-S(O)1-2Rc、-NRcS(O)1-2Rd、又は-S(O)1-2NRcRdであり、Raの任意のC3-C6シクロアルキル、3~10員のヘテロシクリル、及び5~6員のヘテロアリールは、場合により、1個以上の基Reで置換されており;
Rbは、独立して、水素又はC1-C3アルキルであり、該アルキルは、場合により、ハロゲン及びオキソからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって置換されているか;あるいは
Rc及びRdは、独立して、水素、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、及びC1-C3アルキルからなる群から選択され、Rc及びRdの任意の3~6員のヘテロシクリル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、及びC1-C3アルキルは、場合により、ハロゲン及びオキソからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって置換されているか;又はRc及びRdは、これらが結合している原子と共に、ハロゲン、オキソ、-CF3、及びC1-C3アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって場合により置換されている3~6員のヘテロシクリルを形成し;
各Reは、独立して、オキソ、ORf、NRfRg、ハロゲン、3~10員のヘテロシクリル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、及びC1-C6アルキルからなる群から選択され、Reの任意のC3-C6シクロアルキル及びC1-C6アルキルは、場合により、ORf、NRfRg、ハロゲン、3~10員のヘテロシクリル、オキソ、及びシアノからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって置換されており、そして、Reの任意の3~10員のヘテロシクリルは、場合により、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、-CF3、NRhRk、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、並びにハロゲン、オキソ、ORf、及びNRhRkからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって場合により置換されているC1-C3アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって置換されており;
Rf及びRgは、それぞれ独立して、水素、C1-C6アルキル、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、及びC3-C6シクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、Rf及びRgの任意のC1-C6アルキル、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、及びC3-C6シクロアルキルは、場合により、1個以上のRmによって置換されており;
各Rmは、独立して、ハロゲン、シアノ、オキソ、C3-C6シクロアルキル、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、ヒドロキシ、及びNRhRkからなる群から選択され、Rmの任意のC3-C6シクロアルキル及び3~6員のヘテロシクリルは、場合により、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、及びC1-C3アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基で置換されており;
Rh及びRkは、それぞれ独立して、水素、並びにハロゲン、シアノ、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、及びオキソからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって場合により置換されているC1-C6アルキルからなる群から選択されるか;又はRh及びRkは、これらが結合している原子と共に、ハロゲン、シアノ、オキソ、-CF3、並びにハロゲン及びオキソからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって場合により置換されているC1-C3アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって場合により置換されている3~6員のヘテロシクリルを形成し;
R2は、C1-C6アルキル、C2-C6アルケニル、C2-C6アルキニル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、(C3-C6シクロアルキル)C1-C6アルキル、(3~6員のヘテロシクリル)C1-C6アルキル、-C(O)(C3-C6シクロアルキル)、又は-C(O)(3~6員のヘテロシクリル)であり、R2は、ヒドロキシ、C1-C6アルキル、C(O)C1-C6アルキル、及びC(O)OC1-C6アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基で置換されており;
nは、0、1、又は2であり;
R3は、水素又はNH2であり;
R4は、水素又はCH3であり;そして、
R5は、水素又はNH2である)。
定義
「ハロゲン」又は「ハロ」とは、F、Cl、Br、又はIを指す。更に、「ハロアルキル」等の用語は、アルキル基の水素が1個以上のハロゲンに置き換わっているモノハロアルキル及びポリハロアルキルを含むことを意味する。
は、該化学構造において波状結合が接続されている原子の、分子の残部又は分子の断片の残部への結合点を示す。幾つかの実施態様では、結合点を示すために、アスタリスクと一緒の矢印が波線と同様に用いられる。
一実施態様は、式(I)の化合物:
又はその塩(例えば、薬学的に許容し得る塩)若しくは立体異性体を提供する(式中、
R1は、水素、C1-C6アルキル、C2-C6アルケニル、C2-C6アルキニル、-(C0-C3アルキル)CN、-(C0-C3アルキル)ORa、-(C0-C3アルキル)Ra、-(C0-C3アルキル)SRa、-(C0-C3アルキル)NRaRb、-(C0-C3アルキル)OCF3、-(C0-C3アルキル)CF3、-(C0-C3アルキル)NO2、-(C0-C3アルキル)C(O)Ra、-(C0-C3アルキル)C(O)ORa、-(C0-C3アルキル)C(O)NRaRb、-(C0-C3アルキル)NRaC(O)Rb、-(C0-C3アルキル)S(O)1-2Ra、-(C0-C3アルキル)NRaS(O)1-2Rb、-(C0-C3アルキル)S(O)1-2NRaRb、-(C0-C3アルキル)(5~6員のヘテロアリール)、又は-(C0-C3アルキル)フェニルであり、R1は、場合により、ハロゲン、C1-C3アルキル、オキソ、-CF3、-(C0-C3アルキル)ORc、及び-(C0-C3アルキル)NRcRdからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって置換されており;
Raは、独立して、水素、C1-C6アルキル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、3~10員のヘテロシクリル、5~6員のヘテロアリール、-C(O)Rc、-C(O)ORc、-C(O)NRcRd、-NRcC(O)Rd、-S(O)1-2Rc、-NRcS(O)1-2Rd、又は-S(O)1-2NRcRdであり、Raの任意のC3-C6シクロアルキル、3~10員のヘテロシクリル、及び5~6員のヘテロアリールは、場合により、1個以上の基Reで置換されており;
Rbは、独立して、水素又はC1-C3アルキルであり、該アルキルは、場合により、ハロゲン及びオキソからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって置換されているか;あるいは
Rc及びRdは、独立して、水素、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、及びC1-C3アルキルからなる群から選択され、Rc及びRdの任意の3~6員のヘテロシクリル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、及びC1-C3アルキルは、場合により、ハロゲン及びオキソからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって置換されているか;又はRc及びRdは、これらが結合している原子と共に、ハロゲン、オキソ、-CF3、及びC1-C3アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって場合により置換されている3~6員のヘテロシクリルを形成し;
各Reは、独立して、オキソ、ORf、NRfRg、ハロゲン、3~10員のヘテロシクリル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、及びC1-C6アルキルからなる群から選択され、Reの任意のC3-C6シクロアルキル及びC1-C6アルキルは、場合により、ORf、NRfRg、ハロゲン、3~10員のヘテロシクリル、オキソ、及びシアノからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって置換されており、そして、Reの任意の3~10員のヘテロシクリルは、場合により、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、-CF3、NRhRk、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、並びにハロゲン、オキソ、ORf、及びNRhRkからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって場合により置換されているC1-C3アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって置換されており;
Rf及びRgは、それぞれ独立して、水素、C1-C6アルキル、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、及びC3-C6シクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、Rf及びRgの任意のC1-C6アルキル、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、及びC3-C6シクロアルキルは、場合により、1個以上のRmによって置換されており;
各Rmは、独立して、ハロゲン、シアノ、オキソ、C3-C6シクロアルキル、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、ヒドロキシ、及びNRhRkからなる群から選択され、Rmの任意のC3-C6シクロアルキル及び3~6員のヘテロシクリルは、場合により、ハロゲン、オキソ、シアノ、及びC1-C3アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基で置換されており;
Rh及びRkは、それぞれ独立して、水素、並びにハロゲン、シアノ、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、及びオキソからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって場合により置換されているC1-C6アルキルからなる群から選択されるか;又はRh及びRkは、これらが結合している原子と共に、ハロゲン、シアノ、オキソ、-CF3、並びにハロゲン及びオキソからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって場合により置換されているC1-C3アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基によって場合により置換されている3~6員のヘテロシクリルを形成し;
R2は、C1-C6アルキル、C2-C6アルケニル、C2-C6アルキニル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、3~6員のヘテロシクリル、(C3-C6シクロアルキル)C1-C6アルキル、(3~6員のヘテロシクリル)C1-C6アルキル、-C(O)(C3-C6シクロアルキル)、又は-C(O)(3~6員のヘテロシクリル)であり、R2は、ヒドロキシ、C1-C6アルキル、C(O)C1-C6アルキル、及びC(O)OC1-C6アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される1個以上の基で置換されており;
nは、0、1、又は2であり;
R3は、水素又はNH2であり;
R4は、水素又はCH3であり;そして、
R5は、水素又はNH2である)。
化合物は、本明細書に記載される合成経路によって合成することができる。特定の実施態様では、本明細書に含まれる記載に加えて又は鑑みて、化学分野で周知のプロセスを用いてよい。出発物質は、Aldrich Chemicals (Milwaukee, Wis.) 等の商業的供給元から一般的に入手可能であるか、又は当業者に周知の方法を用いて容易に調製される(例えば、Louis F. Fieser and Mary Fieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis, v. 1-19, Wiley, N.Y. (1967-1999 ed.)、Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 4, Aufl. ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin(補遺を含む)(Beilsteinオンラインデータベースを介しても入手可能である)、又はComprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, Editors Katrizky and Rees, Pergamon Press, 1984に概要が記載されている方法によって調製される)。
(1)カルボン酸をアミンと反応させてアミドを形成する。このような転換は、当業者に公知の様々な試薬を用いて達成することができるが、包括的な総説は、Tetrahedron, 2005, 61, 10827-10852に見出すことができる。
(2)一般的に「Buchwald-Hartwigクロスカップリング」として知られている一級又は二級のアミンとアリールハロゲン化物又は擬ハロゲン化物、例えばトリフラートとの反応は、様々な触媒、配位子、及び塩基を用いて達成することができる。これら方法の総説は、Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents, 2010, 575-581に提供されている。
(3)アリールハロゲン化物とビニルボロン酸又はボロン酸エステルとのパラジウムクロスカップリング反応。この転換は、Chemical Reviews, 1995, 95(7), 2457-2483に十分に概説されている反応の分類である「鈴木-宮浦クロスカップリング」の1種である。
(4)エステルを加水分解して対応するカルボン酸を与えることは、当業者に周知であり、そして、条件は、以下を含む:メチル及びエチルエステルの場合、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、又は水酸化カリウム等の水性強塩基又はHCl等の水性強鉱酸を使用する;tert-ブチルエステルの場合、例えばジオキサン中HCl又はジクロロメタン(DCM)中トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)等の酸を用いて加水分解が行われる。
スキーム1に示す通り、高温、Cs2CO3等の塩基の存在下、そして、適切な溶媒中で、化合物1等の適切なフェノールを2-クロロ-2,2-ジフルオロ酢酸ナトリウム塩と反応させることによって、タイプ2の化合物を調製することができる。化合物3をLHMDS、次いで、ZnCl2等の塩基と反応させ、続いて、Pd(PPh3)4等のパラジウム触媒及びタイプ2の化合物に曝露して、タイプ4の化合物を生成する。ニトロ還元によってタイプ5の化合物が生成され、次いで、これを6等の適切なカルボン酸にカップリングさせてタイプ7のアミドを生成することができる。次いで、適切なパラジウム触媒、ホスフィン配位子、及び溶媒の存在下で7等の化合物をチオラートに曝露して、タイプ8の化合物を生成する。8を酸性脱保護条件に曝露することによってSEM保護基を除去して、タイプ9の化合物を生成する。
スキーム2に示す通り、パラジウム触媒、ホスフィン配位子、及び溶媒の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をチオラートと反応させることによって、タイプ2の化合物を調製することができる。次いで、ニトロ還元、続いて、アミド結合形成及びSEM脱保護によって、タイプ6の化合物を生成する。
スキーム3に示す通り、パラジウム触媒、ホスフィン配位子、及び溶媒の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をチオラートと反応させることによって、タイプ2の化合物を調製することができる。SEM脱保護によって、タイプ3の化合物を生成する。次いで、DIPEA等の塩基の存在下でタイプ3の化合物を臭化アルキル等の適切な求電子剤と反応させて、求電子剤の性質、塩基、溶媒、及び反応温度等の反応条件に依存して、様々な比のタイプ4a及び4bの化合物を生成する。幾つかの例では、位置異性体4a及び4bをクロマトグラフィー若しくは結晶化等の方法によって分離してもよく、又は合成シーケンスの後の段階で分離可能であるので、混合物を後続工程に進めてもよい。4aのニトロ還元に続いて、6等の適切なカルボン酸にカップリングさせて、タイプ7の化合物を生成する。t-ブチルエステルを脱保護し、続いて、適切なアミンにカップリングさせて、タイプ9の化合物を生成する。
スキーム4に示す通り、塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物を臭化アルキル等の適切な求電子剤と反応させることによって、タイプ2の化合物を得ることができる。t-ブチルエステルを脱保護し、続いて、適切なアミンにカップリングさせて、タイプ4の化合物を生成する。
スキーム5に示す通り、塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をハロゲン化アルキル等の適切な求電子剤と反応させることによって、タイプ2の化合物を得ることができる。適切なアミンによる1回の還元的アミノ化によって、又は最初に適切なアミンによる還元的アミノ化を行ってタイプ3の化合物を生成し、続いて、適切なアルデヒドによる第2の還元的アミノ化を行うことによって、タイプ4の化合物を得ることができる。
スキーム6に示す通り、ハロゲン化ハロアセチルを2等の適切なアミンと反応させることによってタイプ3の化合物を得ることができる。塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をタイプ3の化合物でアルキル化して、タイプ4の化合物を生成する。
スキーム8に示す通り、塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物を適切な求電子剤でアルキル化して、タイプ2の化合物を生成する。特定の例では、R4は保護基であり、これを除去してタイプ3の反応性アミンを遊離させることができる。タイプ3の化合物を還元的アミノ化、アルキル化、又はアシル化の条件下で適切な求電子剤と反応させてタイプ4の化合物を生成することができる。
タイプ2の化合物をアミド結合形成条件下で置換ピペラジンと反応させて、タイプ2及び4の化合物を生成することができる。保護ピペラジンを含有するタイプ2の化合物を脱保護して、タイプ3の化合物を遊離させることができる。タイプ3の化合物に存在する反応性アミンを様々な求電子剤(還元的アミノ化の場合、還元剤も添加する)と反応させて、タイプ4の化合物を生成することができる。
塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物を2等の適切な求電子剤と反応させることによって、タイプ3の化合物を得ることができる。tert-ブチルカルバマート等の保護基を除去して、反応性アミンを有するタイプ4の化合物を生成する。タイプ4の化合物を適切な求電子剤(還元的アミノ化の場合、還元剤も添加する)と反応させて、タイプ5の化合物を生成する。
塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物を化合物2等のマイケル受容体と反応させ、続いて、酸性条件下で保護基を除去することによって、タイプ3の化合物を得ることができる。タイプ3の化合物を適切な求電子剤(還元的アミノ化の場合、還元剤も添加する)と反応させて、タイプ4の化合物を生成する。
スキーム12に示す通り、塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をプロパギル酸ハロゲン化物と反応させることによって、タイプ2の化合物を得ることができる。ヨウ化銅等の添加剤の存在下、2を3等のアジ化物と反応させて、4等のトリアゾールを生成する。パラジウム触媒及びホスフィン配位子の存在下で4をチオラートと反応させて、タイプ5の化合物を生成する。酸性条件下で保護基を除去し、続いて、露出したアミンを適切な求電子剤(還元的アミノ化の場合、還元剤も添加する)と反応させて、タイプ6の化合物を生成する。
スキーム13に示す通り、塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をプロパギル酸ハロゲン化物と反応させることによって、タイプ2の化合物を得ることができる。ヨウ化銅等の添加剤の存在下、2を3等のアジ化物と反応させて、4等のトリアゾールを生成する。酸性条件下で4に存在する保護基を除去し、続いて、露出したアミンを適切な求電子剤(還元的アミノ化の場合、還元剤も添加する)と反応させてタイプ6の化合物を生成する。
スキーム14に示す通り、タイプ1の化合物をトリメチルオキソニウムテトラフルオロボラートと反応させることによって、タイプ2の化合物を得ることができる。適切なパラジウム触媒及びホスフィン配位子の存在下で2等の化合物をチオラートに曝露することによって、タイプ4の化合物を得ることができる。あるいは、適切なパラジウム触媒及びホスフィン配位子の存在下において化合物2をシラン保護チオールで処理して、タイプ3の化合物を生成してもよい。フッ化物源(TBAF)の存在下で3をハロゲン化アルキル又はハロゲン化アルキル等価物で処理して、タイプ4の化合物を生成することができる。
スキーム15に示す通り、塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をタイプ2のハロゲン化アルキル等の適切な求電子剤と反応させることによって、タイプ3の化合物を得ることができる。塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をタイプ4の適切なエポキシドと反応させて、タイプ5の化合物を生成する。
スキーム16に示す通り、適切なパラジウム触媒及びホスフィン配位子の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をタイプ2のチオラートに曝露することによって、タイプ3の化合物を得ることができる。酸性条件下で保護基を除去し、続いて、露出したアミンを適切な求電子剤(還元的アミノ化の場合、還元剤も添加する)と反応させて、タイプ5の化合物を生成する。
スキーム17に示す通り、適切なパラジウム触媒及びホスフィン配位子の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をシラン保護チオールで処理して、タイプ2の化合物を生成することができる。フッ化物源(TBAF)の存在下で3を超原子価ヨウ素求電子性トリフルオロメチル化試薬で処理して、タイプ3の化合物を生成することができる。酸性条件下で保護基を除去して、タイプ5の化合物を生成する。フッ化物源及び塩基の存在下でタイプ2の化合物をアルキル化剤で処理して、タイプ4の化合物を与えることもできる。酸性条件下で保護基を除去して、タイプ6の化合物を生成する。
スキーム18に示す通り、塩基の存在下でタイプ1の化合物をハロゲン化アルキル等の適切な求電子剤と反応させることによって、タイプ2の化合物を得ることができる。適切なパラジウム触媒及びホスフィン配位子の存在下でタイプ2の化合物をシラン保護チオールで処理して、タイプ3の化合物を生成することができる。フッ化物源及び塩基の存在下でタイプ3の化合物をアルキル化剤で処理して、タイプ4の化合物を与えることもできる。
各例示的なスキームにおいては、反応生成物を互いに又は出発物質から分離することが有利である場合がある。各工程又は一連の工程の所望の生成物は、当技術分野において一般的な技術によって所望の均一度に分離又は精製(以後、分離)される。典型的には、このような分離は、多相抽出、溶媒若しくは溶媒混合物からの結晶化若しくは研和、蒸留、昇華、又はクロマトグラフィーを含む。クロマトグラフィーは、例えば、逆相及び順相;サイズ排除;イオン交換;超臨界流体;高、中、及び低圧の液体クロマトグラフィーの方法及び装置;小規模分析;疑似移動床(SMB)及び分取薄層又は厚層クロマトグラフィー、並びに小規模薄層及びフラッシュクロマトグラフィーの技術を含むいくつもの方法を含み得る。
本発明が関係する化合物は、JAK1阻害剤等のJAKキナーゼ阻害剤であり、そして、例えば喘息等の炎症性疾患の幾つかの疾患の処置において有用である。
本発明の化合物* 24mg/キャニスター
レシチン、NF原液 1.2mg/キャニスター
トリクロロフルオロメタン、NF 4.025g/キャニスター
ジクロロジフルオロメタン、NF 12.15g/キャニスター
*又はその薬学的に許容し得る塩。
本発明の化合物は、標的吸入送達を意図し得る。局所(吸入)投与によって肺に送達するための薬物の最適化については、最近概説されている(Cooper, A. E. et al. Curr. Drug Metab. 2012, 13, 457-473)。
(未結合組織濃度/(未結合組織濃度+インビトロ細胞効力、すなわち、IC50))×100
(a)Jurkat、H23、及びHEK293Tの細胞を、T175フラスコにおいてサブコンフルエントな密度で維持した。Greiner384ウェル黒色/透明組織培養処理プレート(Greinerカタログ番号781091)に450細胞/培地 45μlで細胞をプレーティングした。細胞を分注した後、プレートを室温で30分間平衡化した。室温で30分後、CO2及び湿度が制御されたインキュベータ内において37℃で一晩細胞をインキュベートした。次の日、最高濃度が50μMの10点用量応答曲線を用いて、100% DMSOで希釈した化合物(細胞における最終DMSO濃度=0.5%)で細胞を処理した。次いで、CO2及び湿度が制御されたインキュベータ内において37℃で72時間一晩細胞及び化合物をインキュベートした。72時間インキュベートした後、全てのウェルに対してCellTiterGlo(登録商標)(Promegaカタログ番号G7572)を使用して生存率を測定した。室温で20分間インキュベートした後、発光モードを使用してEnVision(商標)(Perkin Elmer Life Sciences)においてプレートを読み取った。
(b)ヒト初代肝細胞を使用:試験化合物をDMSO中10mM溶液として調製した。更に、クロルプロマジン等の陽性対照をDMSO中10mM溶液として調製した。典型的には、2倍希釈による7点用量応答曲線を使用して試験化合物をアッセイした。典型的には、試験した最大濃度は50~100μMであった。最高濃度は、典型的には、試験化合物の溶解度によって決定された。凍結保存されている初代ヒト肝細胞(BioreclamationIVT)(ロットIZT)を37℃においてInVitroGro(商標)HT解凍培地(BioreclamationIVT)で解凍し、ペレット化し、そして、再懸濁させた。肝細胞の生存率をトリパンブルー排除によって評価し、そして、黒色壁のBioCoat(商標)コラーゲン384ウェルプレート(Corning BD)における1% Torpedo(商標)Antibiotic Mix(BioreclamationIVT)及び5% ウシ胎児血清を添加したInVitroGro(商標)CPプレーティング培地に13,000細胞/ウェルの密度で細胞をプレーティングした。処理前に、細胞を18時間(37℃、5% CO2)一晩インキュベートした。18時間インキュベートした後、プレーティング培地を除去し、そして、1% Torpedo(商標)Antibiotic Mix及び1% DMSOを含有するInVitroGro(商標)HIインキュベーション培地で希釈した化合物で肝細胞を処理した(無血清条件)。最終体積が50μLの0.78、1.56、3.12、6.25、12.5、25、及び50μM等の濃度の試験化合物で肝細胞を処理した。該アッセイは、典型的には試験化合物と同じ濃度の陽性対照(例えば、クロルプロマジン)を含んでいた。更なる細胞を、ビヒクル対照として1% DMSOで処理した。全ての処理を48時間(37℃、5% CO2)にわたって行い、そして、各処理条件をトリプリケートで実施した。48時間の化合物処理後、CellTiter-Glo(登録商標)cell viability assay(Promega)をエンドポイントアッセイとして使用して、細胞生存率の決定としてATP含量を測定した。製造業者の指示書に従ってアッセイを実施した。EnVision(商標)Muliplate Reader(PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA)において発光を決定した。発光データをビヒクル(1% DMSO)対照ウェルに対して正規化した。対数変換された阻害剤濃度(ビヒクルを含む7点連続希釈)対変数Hill勾配を有する正規化された応答の非線形回帰によって阻害曲線及びIC50推定を作成し、最高及び最低を、それぞれ、100及び0の一定値にした(GraphPad Prism(商標)、GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA)。
(a)哺乳類細胞で発現するhERGに対する化合物のインビトロ効果について調べるためにhERG 2pt自動パッチクランプ条件を使用、自動パラレルパッチクランプシステムであるQPatch HT(登録商標)(Sophion Bioscience A/S, Denmark)を使用して室温で評価。一部の場合では、1又は10μM等の1つだけ又は2つの濃度で化合物を試験した。他の場合では、IC50を推定するためにより広範な濃度応答関係を確立した。例えば、半対数ずつ増加させて約10~90%阻害の範囲に及ぶように試験化合物の濃度を選択した。各試験物品濃度を2つ以上の細胞(n≧2)で試験した。各試験物品濃度に対する曝露期間は最短3分間であった;及び/又は
(b)国際公開公報第2014/074775号の実施例「Effect on Cloned hERG Potassium Channels Expressed in Mammalian Cells」に記載されているもの、以下を改変したChanTest(商標)、Charles River Companyプロトコール:hERGを安定的に発現している細胞を-80mVで保持した。化合物に起因するhERGカリウム電流の発生及び定常状態阻害を、振幅が一定のパルスパターンを使用して測定した(コンディショニングプレパルス:+20mVで1秒間;5秒間間隔で繰り返される再分極試験ラメプト(ramepto)-90mV(-0.5V/s))。超最大濃度の参照物質E-4021(500nM)(Charles River Company)の最後の適用で各記録を終了した。残りの阻害されていない電流をオフラインでデジタル的にデータから減じて、hERG阻害についての試験物質の効力を求めた。
・ D10、D50、及びD90。これらは、それぞれサンプルのうちの10%、50%、又は90%がその値を下回ることを示す粒径の測度である。例えば、3μmのD50は、サンプルのうちの50%が3μmのサイズを下回ることを示す。
・ 空気動力学的質量平均粒径(MMAD)。MMADは、粒子のうちの50質量%がより大きく、そして、50%がより小さい直径である。MMADは、中心傾向の測度である。
・ 幾何標準偏差(GSD)。GSDは、MMADからの分散の大きさの測度であるか、又は空気動力学的粒径分布の広がりの測度である。
本発明の化合物又はその薬学的に許容し得る塩は、ヤヌスキナーゼ、例えばJAK1キナーゼの活性を阻害する。例えば、化合物又はその薬学的に許容し得る塩は、JAK1キナーゼによるシグナル伝達性転写因子(STAT)のリン酸化及びSTATによって媒介されるサイトカイン生成を阻害する。本発明の化合物は、IL-6、IL-15、IL-7、IL-2、IL-4、IL-9、IL-10、IL-13、IL-21、G-CSF、IFNアルファ、IFNベータ、又はIFNガンマの経路等のサイトカイン経路を通して細胞におけるJAK1キナーゼ活性を阻害するのに有用である。したがって、一実施態様では、本発明の化合物又はその薬学的に許容し得る塩を細胞と接触させて、該細胞におけるヤヌスキナーゼ活性(例えば、JAK1活性)を阻害する方法が提供される。
該化合物は、単独で又は処置用の他の剤と組み合わせて使用してよい。医薬組成物又は投与レジメンの第2の又は更なる(例えば、第3の)化合物は、典型的には、互いに有害な影響を与えないように本発明の化合物に対して補完的な活性を有する。このような剤は、好適には、意図する目的に有効な量で併存する。該化合物は、単一の医薬組成物で一緒に又は別々に投与してよく、そして、別々に投与するとき、同時に又は逐次投与してよい。このような逐次投与は、時間的に近接していても離れていてもよい。
別の実施態様は、JAK1キナーゼ等のヤヌスキナーゼの阻害に応答する疾患又は障害を処置するための製品(例えば、キット)を含む。該キットは、
(a)本発明の化合物又はその薬学的に許容し得る塩を含む第1の医薬組成物;及び
(b)使用説明書
を含み得る。
(c)上記の処置用剤、例えば、炎症性障害を処置するための剤又は化学療法剤を含む医薬組成物等の第2の医薬組成物
をさらに含む。
一般的な実験の詳細
全ての溶媒及び市販の試薬は、特に指定しない限り、そのまま使用した。生成物をシリカクロマトグラフィーによって精製する場合、これは、シリカゲル(Kieselgel 60、220~440メッシュ、35~75μm)を手動で充填したガラスカラム又はIsolute(登録商標)SPE Si IIカートリッジのいずれかを用いて実施した。「Isolute SPE Siカートリッジ」とは、平均径50μm及び公称60Åの多孔度を有する不規則形状粒子を含む非結合活性シリカを含有するプレパックドポリプロピレンカラムを指す。Isolute(登録商標)SCX-2カートリッジを用いた場合、「Isolute(登録商標)SCX-2カートリッジ」とは、非末端保護プロピルスルホン酸官能化シリカ強カチオン交換吸着剤を含有するプレパックドポリプロピレンカラムを指す。
方法A
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm XtimateTM -C18、粒径2.2μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 95 5
2.00 1.0 0 100
3.20 1.0 0 100
3.30 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×2.1mm Xtimate TM -C18、粒径2.6μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水/0.05% TFA;溶媒B:アセトニトリル/0.05% TFAで溶出した:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 95 5
1.10 1.0 0 100
1.60 1.0 0 100
1.7 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm XtimateTM -C18、粒径2.2μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.1% ギ酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% ギ酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 95 5
2.00 1.0 0 100
3.10 1.0 0 100
3.20 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm、Gemini-NX 3μ-C18 110A、粒径3.0μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水/5mM NH4HCO3;溶媒B:アセトニトリルで溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.2 90 10
2.20 1.2 5 95
3.20 1.2 5 95
3.30 1.2 90 10
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×2.1mm XtimateTM -C18、粒径2.7μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水/0.1% FA;溶媒B:アセトニトリル/0.1% FAで溶出した:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 90 10
1.10 1.0 0 100
1.60 1.0 0 100
1.70 1.0 90 10
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(30×2.1mm Ascentis Express C18、粒径2.7μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 95 5
4.00 1.0 40 60
4.50 1.0 5 95
5.00 1.0 5 95
5.10 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×2.1mm XtimateTM -C18、粒径2.7μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 95 5
1.10 1.0 0 100
1.60 1.0 0 100
1.70 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×2.1mm XtimateTM -C18、粒径2.7μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 95 5
2.00 1.0 5 95
2.60 1.0 5 95
2.70 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3.0mm XtimateTM XB -C18、粒径2.6μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水/0.05% TFA;溶媒B:アセトニトリル/0.05% TFAで溶出した:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.5 95 5
1.20 1.5 0 100
1.70 1.5 0 100
1.80 1.5 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm、Gemini-NX 3μ-C18 110A、粒径3.0μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水/5mM NH4HCO3;溶媒B:アセトニトリルで溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.2 90 10
3.60 1.2 30 70
5.20 1.2 30 70
5.30 1.2 90 10
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm Shim-Pack XR-ODS、粒径2.2μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 95 5
3.20 1.0 40 60
3.80 1.0 0 100
4.60 1.0 0 100
4.75 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm、Gemini-NX 3μ-C18 110A、粒径3.0μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水/5mM NH4HCO3;溶媒B:アセトニトリルで溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.2 90 10
4.00 1.2 40 60
4.50 1.2 10 90
5.50 1.2 10 90
5.70 1.2 90 10
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm、Gemini-NX 3μ-C18 110A、粒径3.0μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水/5mM NH4HCO3;溶媒B:アセトニトリルで溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.2 90 10
3.20 1.2 30 70
4.30 1.2 30 70
4.40 1.2 90 10
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×2.1mm Asentis Express C18、粒径2.7μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水/0.1% FA;溶媒B:アセトニトリル/0.05% FAで溶出した:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 95 5
3.70 1.0 55 45
4.30 1.0 5 95
4.80 1.0 5 95
4.90 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×2.1mm Ascentis Express C18、粒径2.7μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 95 5
2.00 1.0 0 100
2.70 1.0 0 100
2.80 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
イオン化源としてESIを用いて、Agilent MSD(6140)質量分析計と連結したAgilent 1290 UHPLCで実験を行った。LC分離は、流速0.4ml/分でPhenomenex XB-C18、1.7mm、50×2.1mmカラムを用いた。溶媒Aは、0.1% FAを含む水であり、そして、溶媒Bは、0.1% FAを含むアセトニトリルである。勾配は、7分間かけて2~98%溶媒Bであり、98%Bで1.5分間保持し、次いで、1.5分間平衡化した。LCカラム温度は40℃である。UV吸光度は、220nm及び254nmで収集した。
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm Shim-Pack XR-ODS、粒径2.2μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 95 5
3.50 1.0 0 100
4.20 1.0 0 100
4.30 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm Shim-Pack XR-ODS、粒径2.2μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 80 20
3.00 1.0 60 40
3.60 1.0 0 100
4.60 1.0 0 100
4.80 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm Shim-Pack XR-ODS、粒径2.2μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.0 70 30
3.50 1.0 5 95
4.20 1.0 5 95
4.30 1.0 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm Shim-Pack XR-ODS、粒径2.2μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.2 95 5
2.00 1.2 5 95
2.70 1.2 5 95
2.75 1.2 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm Shim-Pack XR-ODS、粒径2.2μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.2 95 5
3.50 1.2 30 70
3.70 1.2 0 100
4.70 1.2 0 100
4.75 1.2 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm Shim-Pack XR-ODS、粒径2.2μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.2 95 5
3.50 1.2 30 60
3.70 1.2 0 100
4.70 1.2 0 100
4.75 1.2 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm、Gemini-NX 3μ-C18 110A、粒径3.0μm)を備えるSHIMADZU 20A HPLCで実験を行い、溶媒A:水/5mM NH4HCO3;溶媒B:アセトニトリルで溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.2 90 10
6.00 1.2 20 80
8.00 1.2 20 80
8.00 1.2 20 80
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm Shim-Pack XR-ODS、粒径2.2μm)を備えるSHIMADZU LCMS-2020で実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.2 95 5
2.00 1.2 5 95
2.70 1.2 5 95
2.75 1.2 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
C18逆相カラム(50×3mm Shim-Pack XR-ODS、粒径2.2μm)を備える SHIMADZU LCMS-2020で実験を行い、溶媒A:水+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸;溶媒B:アセトニトリル+0.05% トリフルオロ酢酸で溶出した。勾配:
勾配-時間 流速 ml/分 %A %B
0.00 1.2 95 5
3.50 1.2 30 70
3.70 1.2 0 100
4.50 1.2 0 100
4.75 1.2 95 5
検出-UV(220及び254nm)及びELSD
ACN アセトニトリル
ブライン 飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液
CH3OD 重水素化メタノール
CDCl3 重水素化クロロホルム
DCM ジクロロメタン
DIEA又はDIPEA ジイソプロピルエチルアミン
DMA ジメチルアセトアミド
DMAP 4-ジメチルアミノピリジン
DMF ジメチルホルムアミド
DMSO ジメチルスルホキシド
DMSO-d6 重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド
EDC又はEDCI 1-エチル-3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド
EtOAc 酢酸エチル
EtOH エタノール
FA ギ酸
HOAc 酢酸
g グラム
h 時間
HATU (O-(7-アザベンゾトリアゾール-1-イル)-N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルウロニウム へキサフルオロホスファート)
HCl 塩酸
HOBt ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール
HPLC 高速液体クロマトグラフィー
IMS 工業用変性アルコール
L リットル
LCMS 液体クロマトグラフィー質量分析
LiHMDS又はLHMDS リチウムヘキサメチルジシラジド(Lithium hexamethydisylazide)
MDAP 質量分離自動精製
MeCN アセトニトリル
MeOH メタノール
min 分
mg ミリグラム
mL ミリリットル
NMR 核磁気共鳴分光法
Pd2(dba)3.CHCl3 トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)-クロロホルム付加物
PE 石油エーテル
分取HPLC 分取高速液体クロマトグラフィー
SCX-2 強カチオン交換
TBAF フッ化テトラ-n-ブチルアンモニウム
THF テトラヒドロフラン
TFA トリフルオロ酢酸
キサントホス 4,5-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)-9,9-ジメチルキサンテン
N-(3-(2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-((トリフルオロメチル)チオ)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド
DMA(2.5mL)中のN-[5-[2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-[[トリス(プロパン-2-イル)シリル]スルファニル]フェニル]-1-[[2-(トリメチルシリル)エトキシ]メチル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド(140mg、0.203mmol)の溶液に、窒素下、0℃で、DMA(1mL)中のTBAF(75mg、85%、0.244mmol)の溶液を加えた。混合物を0℃で5分間撹拌し、その後、DMA(1mL)中の1-(トリフルオロメチル)-3H-1-ラムダ-3,2-ベンズヨードキソール-3-オン(85.0mg、0.269mmol)を滴下した。混合物を室温まで放温し、20分間撹拌した。反応をもう1回同じスケールで繰り返して、2回の反応からの生成物を、精製のために合わせた。混合物を酢酸エチル(50mL)で希釈し、水(2×)及びブライン(2×)で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させて、真空下で濃縮した。残留物を酢酸エチル/石油エーテル(3/2)で溶出するシリカゲルのフラッシュクロマトグラフィーによって精製して、N-[5-[2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-[(トリフルオロメチル)スルファニル]フェニル]-1-[[2-(トリメチルシリル)エトキシ]メチル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド 233mg(95%)を無色の油状物として与えた。LC/MS(方法I、ESI):[M+H]+=601.2、RT=1.35分。
N-(3-(2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-((1,3-ジフルオロプロパン-2-イル)チオ)フェニル)-1-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド
N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(15mL)中のN-[3-[5-ブロモ-2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)フェニル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド(500mg、1.11mmol)、(2-ブロモエトキシ)(tert-ブチル)ジメチルシラン(292mg、1.22mmol)及びCs2CO3(725mg、2.22mmol)の溶液を、窒素下、60℃で2時間加熱し、次に室温まで放冷した。反応混合物を酢酸エチル(100mL)と水(60mL)に分配した。有機相をブライン(2×)で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、そして真空下で濃縮した。残留物を酢酸エチル/石油エーテル(1/1)で溶出するシリカゲルのフラッシュクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。適切な画分を合わせ、減圧下で濃縮して、N-[3-[5-ブロモ-2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)フェニル]-1-[2-[(tert-ブチルジメチルシリル)オキシ]エチル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド 433mg(64%)を黄色の固体として与えた。LC/MS(方法I、ESI):[M+H]+=607.3、RT=1.29分。
N-(3-(2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-((ジフルオロメチル)チオ)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド
トリス(プロパン-2-イル)シランチオール(148mg、0.777mmol)を、窒素下、トルエン(8.0mL)中の水素化ナトリウム(31.2mg、鉱油中60%分散液、0.779mmol)の冷却した(0℃)懸濁液に加えた。混合物を室温で30分間撹拌し、N-[5-[5-ブロモ-2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)フェニル]-1-[[2-(トリメチルシリル)エトキシ]メチル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド(300mg、0.518mmol)、Pd2(dba)3CHCl3(26.9mg、0.0260mmol)及びキサントホス(30.0mg、0.0522mmol)を加え、得られた溶液を90℃で20分間加熱した。混合物を室温まで放冷して真空下で濃縮した。残留物を酢酸エチル/石油エーテル(50/50)で溶出するシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。適切な画分を合わせ、蒸発させて、N-[5-[2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-[[トリス(プロパン-2-イル)シリル]スルファニル]フェニル]-1-[[2-(トリメチルシリル)エトキシ]メチル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド 260mg(73%)を黄色の油状物として与えた。LC/MS(方法G、ESI):[M+H]+=689.4、RT=1.50分。
N-(3-(5-((1-アセチルピペリジン-4-イル)チオ)-2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド
トルエン(25.0mL)中のN-[5-[5-ブロモ-2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)フェニル]-1-[[2-(トリメチルシリル)エトキシ]メチル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド(2.00g、3.45mmol)、tert-ブチル4-スルファニルピペリジン-1-カルボキシラート(2.25g、10.3mmol)、Pd2(dba)3.CHCl3(358mg、0.346mmol)、キサントホス(400mg、0.691mmol)及び炭酸カリウム(1.43g、10.3mmol)の脱気した混合物を、100℃で一晩加熱した。得られた混合物を室温まで放冷して、真空下で濃縮した。残留物を酢酸エチル/石油エーテル(50/50)で溶出するシリカゲルで精製した。適切な画分を合わせ、蒸発させて、tert-ブチル 4-[[4-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-3-(4-[ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-アミド]-1-[[2-(トリメチルシリル)エトキシ]メチル]-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)フェニル]スルファニル]ピペリジン-1-カルボキシラート 2.40g(97%)を黄色の固体として与えた。LC/MS(方法G、ESI):[M+H]+=716.4、RT=1.28分。
(S)-N-(3-(2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-(メチルチオ)フェニル)-1-(2-ヒドロキシブチル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド
メタノール(1.5mL)中のN-[3-[2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-(メチルスルファニル)フェニル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド(50.0mg、0.120mmol)、(2S)-2-エチルオキシラン(25.9mg、0.359mmol)及びDIPEA(46.6mg、0.361mmol)の混合物を、窒素下、80℃で12時間加熱した。反応混合物を室温まで放冷し、真空下で濃縮した。残留物をジクロロメタン/メタノール(10/1~4/1)で溶出するシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。粗生成物を、以下の条件[カラム、 XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column、5um、19*150mm;移動相、水(0.05% NH3H2O)及びACN(18.0% ACN~44.0%に増加 8分で);検出器、UV254/220nm]を用いる分取HPLCによって精製した。適切な画分を合わせ、減圧下で濃縮して、N-[3-[2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-(メチルスルファニル)フェニル]-1-[(2S)-2-ヒドロキシブチル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド 20.4mg(35%)を白色の固体として与えた。LC/MS(方法H、ESI):[M+H]+=489.2、RT=1.26分;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 9.73 (s, 1H), 9.35 (dd, J = 6.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.68 (dd, J = 4.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (dd, J = 6.8, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J = 74.0 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (dd, J = 13.6, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (dd, J = 13.6, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.80 - 3.76 (m, 1H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 1.44 - 1.41 (m, 1H), 1.38 - 1.32 (m, 1H), 0.92 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H)。
N-(3-(2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-(メチルチオ)フェニル)-1-(2-(ジメチルアミノ)-2-オキソエチル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド
N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(6.0mL)中のN-[3-[2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-(メチルスルファニル)フェニル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド(100mg、0.240mmol)、2-ブロモ-N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(119mg、0.717mmol)及びCs2CO3(157mg、0.482mmol)の混合物を、60℃で2時間加熱した。混合物を室温まで放冷して蒸発させた。残留物をジクロロメタン/メタノール(95/5)で溶出するシリカゲルのフラッシュクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。適切な画分を合わせ、真空下で濃縮した。残留物を、以下の条件[カラム、XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column、5um、19*150mm;移動相、水(0.05% NH4OH)及びACN(15.0% ACN~45.0%に増加 7分で);検出器、UV254/220nm]を用いる分取HPLCによってさらに精製して、N-[3-[2-(ジフルオロメトキシ)-5-(メチルスルファニル)フェニル]-1-[(ジメチルカルバモイル)メチル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]ピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミド 40.4mg(34%)を白色の固体として提供した。LC/MS(方法U、ESI):[M+H]+=502.2、RT=2.63分;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6):δ (ppm) 9.76 (s, 1H), 9.35 (dd, J = 6.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.68 (dd, J = 4.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.45 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J = 6.8, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (t, J = 73.6 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.50 (s, 3H)。
JAK酵素アッセイを以下の通り実施した:
Caliper LabChip(登録商標)技術(Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, MA)を用いてJAK3(Val-Ala-Leu-Val-Asp-Gly-Tyr-Phe-Arg-Leu-Thr-Thr、5-カルボキシフルオレセインでN末端が蛍光標識されている)に由来するペプチドのリン酸化をモニタリングすることによって、単離された組み換えのJAK1及びJAK2のキナーゼドメインの活性を測定した。阻害定数(Ki)を求めるために、化合物をDMSOで連続希釈し、そして、最終DMSO濃度が2%になるように、精製酵素(1.5nM JAK1又は0.2nM JAK2)、100mM HEPESバッファ(pH7.2)、0.015% Brij-35、1.5μM ペプチド基質、ATP(25μM)、10mM MgCl2、4mM DTTを含有するキナーゼ反応液 50μLに添加した。反応物を384ウェルポリプロピレンマイクロタイタープレート内において22℃で30分間インキュベートし、次いで、EDTA含有溶液(100mM HEPESバッファ(pH7.2)、0.015% Brij-35、150mM EDTA)25μLを添加することによって停止させたところ、最終EDTA濃度は50mMになった。キナーゼ反応の終結後、製造業者の仕様書に従ってCaliper LabChip(登録商標)3000を用いて、リン酸化生成物の比率を総ペプチド基質の分率として求めた。次いで、ATP競合阻害用に改変したMorrison緊密結合モデル(Morrison, J.F., Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 185:269-296 (1969);William, J.W. and Morrison, J.F., Meth. Enzymol., 63:437-467 (1979))[Ki=Ki,app/(1+[ATP]/Km,app)]を用いてKi値を求めた。代表的な化合物のデータを表2に示す。
JAK1依存性STATリン酸化を測定するために設計された細胞ベースアッセイにおいて阻害剤の効力(EC50)を決定した。上述の通り、Jak/Statシグナル伝達経路をブロックすることによってIL-4、IL-13、及びIL-9のシグナル伝達を阻害すると、前臨床肺炎症モデルにおいて喘息の症状を軽減することができる(Mathew et al., 2001, J. Exp. Med. 193(9): 1087-1096;Kudlacz et. al., 2008, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 582(1-3): 154-161)。
図1は、オフターゲットであるLRRK2の阻害の低減における、ペンダントフェニル環の5位におけるS連結基の効果を示す。マッチド分子ペア分析において、図1は、本発明の特定の化合物(右の点)と対応する化合物(式中、S連結基がClで置換されている)(左の点)との間でLRRK2の阻害を比較する。Y軸は、0.1μMの試験濃度におけるLRRK2の阻害%を表す。連結点は、S連結基とClとだけが異なるマッチドペアを表す。各化合物は、S連結基がClで置換されている対応する化合物と比べて、LRRK2の阻害の低減を示した。
Claims (16)
- 請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又はその薬学的に許容し得る塩若しくは立体異性体と、薬学的に許容し得る担体、希釈剤、又は賦形剤とを含む医薬組成物。
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