JP7197308B2 - Target display device and ophthalmic device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a target display device and an ophthalmic device.

2. Description of the Related Art A subjective optometry is known in which a visual target is presented to an eye to be inspected, and the visual function of the eye to be inspected is tested based on a response from the subject regarding how it looks. This subjective optometry includes a distance optometry in which the appearance of a visual target presented at a distance of, for example, 5 m from the subject's eye is examined, and the optimum correction method is determined based on the results of the examination. There is near vision optometry in which a target is presented at a near vision distance of several tens of cm (eg, 30 to 40 cm) from the eye, and changes in accommodation due to aging or the like are examined.

On the other hand, an optotype display device has been developed that forms a virtual image at a distance viewing distance via an optical system and uses this virtual image as an optotype for distance optometry (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In the optotype display device described in Patent Document 1, an optical system including a concave mirror and a reflecting mirror and a display for displaying optotypes are accommodated in a housing. By reflecting the luminous flux of the optotype displayed on the display with a concave mirror or reflecting mirror to optically secure the examination distance, the actual distance between the eye to be examined and the optotype can be shortened, saving space. is possible.

In addition, Patent Document 1 discloses a visual target display device configured to use a common display for distance optometry and near vision optometry, and to change the position and orientation of the display during distance optometry and near vision optometry. It is However, it is necessary to replace the electronic display device such as a liquid crystal display between the presenting position of the optotype for distance optometry and the presenting position of the optotype for near optometry. This requires a structurally and electrically complicated movement mechanism, such as the need to wire.

JP 2016-10679 A

The present invention has been made in view of the above problem, and it is possible to present a target at different eye examination distances to the eye to be examined, and it is easy to switch the presentation of the target to these different eye examination distances. It is an object of the present invention to provide a visual target display device and an ophthalmologic device with a simple configuration.

In order to achieve the above object, the optotype display device of the present invention comprises: one optotype display unit for presenting an optotype to an eye to be inspected; a first optical system that forms an image at a first examination distance from the target; a second optical system that is detachably arranged in an optical path between the target display unit and the first optical system; a housing containing the target display unit, the first optical system, and the second optical system and provided with a window for viewing the target, wherein the second optical system is positioned along the optical path; When placed in the eye, the first optical system and the second optical system focus an image of the target from the eye to be examined to a second eye examination distance shorter than the first eye examination distance. It is characterized in that it is configured to image.

Further, the ophthalmologic apparatus of the present invention includes the optotype display device as described above and a plurality of optical members for correcting the visual function of the eye to be examined. and an optometric optical system selectively arranged between and.

In the optotype display device and the ophthalmologic apparatus configured as described above, the second optical element is retracted from the optical path between the optotype display unit and the first optical system, whereby the first optometry is performed from the eye to be examined. A target image (virtual image) can be presented at a distance. On the other hand, by arranging the second optical element in the same optical path, it is possible to present the target image at the second examination distance from the subject's eye. Therefore, it is possible to present the optotypes at different eye examination distances, and it is possible to easily switch the presentation of the optotypes to the different eye examination distances, thereby providing an eye target display device and an ophthalmologic apparatus with a simple configuration. .

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a block configuration of a control system of an eye examination apparatus provided with a visual target display device according to the first embodiment; 1 is a schematic diagram showing an appearance configuration of a visual target display device according to a first embodiment; FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an outline of an external configuration of an optometric apparatus main body according to a first embodiment, an optical member of the optometric apparatus main body, and a driving mechanism thereof; FIG. 1 is an example of a configuration diagram of an optical system of a target display device according to a first embodiment; FIG. FIG. 10 is an example of an optical diagram when a near lens (second optical system) is arranged in the optical path in the optotype display device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 11 is another example of an optical diagram when the near vision lens (second optical system) is arranged in the optical path in the optotype display device according to the first embodiment. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the optometric apparatus according to the first embodiment; FIG. 5 is a plan view of a turret plate fitted with a plurality of near vision lenses used in a modified example of the first embodiment; FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the external configuration of a visual target display device according to a second embodiment;

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a subjective optometric apparatus (hereinafter simply referred to as an "optometric apparatus") as an example of a visual target display device of the present invention and an ophthalmologic apparatus equipped with this visual target display device will be described with reference to the drawings. while explaining. The optometric apparatus according to the first embodiment is an ophthalmologic apparatus of an open binocular type that is capable of inspecting and correcting the visual function of the subject's eye while the subject's left and right eyes are open. It should be noted that the eye examination apparatus of the present embodiment can also shield one eye and perform an examination or the like one eye at a time.

[Configuration of Optometry Apparatus 100]
The configuration of an eye examination apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an optometric apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the external configuration of the optotype display device 2, and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the external configuration of the optometric device main body 1, optical members of the optometric device main body 1, and their driving mechanisms. . FIG. 4 is an example of a configuration diagram of the optical system of the optotype display device 2. As shown in FIG.

The eye examination apparatus 100 of the first embodiment mainly includes an eye examination apparatus main body (refractor head) 1, a target display device 2, and a controller 3, as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 throughout this specification, the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis are taken, and when viewed from the subject (eye E), the left and right direction is the X direction, and the up and down direction (vertical direction) ) is the Y direction, and the direction orthogonal to the X and Y directions (the direction of the target display device 2 when viewed from the eye examination device main body 1, the depth direction) is the Z direction.

[Optometry device body 1]
The optometric apparatus main body 1 is provided on, for example, an optometric table 4, as shown in the top view of FIG. The optometric table 4 is a desk for supporting the optometric apparatus body 1 and placing the controller 3 thereon. The optometry table 4 is provided with a column 5 which is extendable in the longitudinal direction and rotatable in the circumferential direction, and the column 5 is provided with a support arm 6 extending in the lateral direction. A support member 7 is attached to the support arm 6 , and the optometric apparatus main body 1 is suspended from the support member 7 . The eye examination apparatus main body 1 is detachably arranged between the subject's eye E and the target display device 2, as shown in FIG.

The eye examination apparatus main body 1 is provided with a left eye and a right eye pair provided on the left and right so as to correspond to the left and right eyes E (left eye EL, right eye ER) of the subject S (see FIG. 3). It has optometric units 10L and 10R as an optometric optical system. Each of the optometric units 10L and 10R is attached to the support member 7 so as to be slidable in the left-right direction (X direction), and can be relatively moved toward and away from each other. Hereinafter, "for the left eye and for the right eye" may be simply abbreviated as "for the left and right eyes" or "left and right."

The optometric units 10L and 10R for the left and right eyes are provided with optometric windows 11L and 11R for the left and right eyes, respectively. A plurality of left and right eye optical members 12L and 12R used for eye examination are arranged in the respective eye examination units 10L and 10R by selectively arranging them in the left and right eye examination windows 11L and 11R. Further, in each optometric unit 10L, 10R, light shielding members for left and right eyes are provided, which are arranged at the optometric windows 11L, 11R and open and close (shield/open) the optometric windows 11L, 11R, respectively. The left and right eye optical members 12L and 12R and the light blocking member are configured to be individually operable by left and right eye drive mechanisms 13L and 13R.

Further, the eye examination apparatus main body 1 is provided with a forehead support 15 against which the examinee applies the forehead when measuring the characteristics of the eye E to be examined, between the eye examination units 10L and 10R for the left and right eyes.

The plurality of optical members 12L and 12R for the left and right eyes are aggregates made up of various lenses and polarizing members used for correcting the visual function of the eye E to be examined. Each optical member 12L, 12R includes, for example, a polarizing filter, a spherical lens, a cylindrical lens, and a prism. The plurality of optical members 12L and 12R are grouped by type of optometry parameter.

The eye examination parameter indicates examination conditions for examining the visual function of the eye E to be examined. For example, types of optometry parameters include spherical power, cylinder power, cylinder axis angle, addition power, interpupillary distance, prism power, prism base direction, and the like.

The driving mechanisms 13L and 13R for the left and right eyes can arrange the plurality of optical members 12L and 12R for the left and right eyes respectively in the left and right eye examination windows 11L and 11R, and can be retracted from the eye examination windows 11L and 11R. It is configured. For example, as shown in the lower drawing of FIG. 3, each drive mechanism 13L, 13R has a plurality of disk-shaped turret plates 14L, 14R for left and right eyes. The respective turret plates 14L, 14R are configured to be rotatable around the circumference around the center of the circle by the respective driving mechanisms 13L, 13R. Each turret plate 14L, 14R has a plurality of holes h in the vicinity of the outer periphery. Optical members 12L and 12R are fitted in the holes h, respectively. The driving mechanisms 13L and 13R rotate the turret plates 14L and 14R to position the plurality of optical members 12L and 12R at the eye examination windows 11L and 11R and retract them from the eye examination windows 11L and 11R. The drive mechanisms 13L and 13R are composed of, for example, an actuator, a driving force transmission mechanism such as a plurality of gear sets or a rack and pinion, and the like.

[Target display device 2]
The optotype display device 2 is arranged in front of the subject's eye E via the eye examination device main body 1, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the optotype display device 2 mainly includes a rectangular parallelepiped housing 21 housing an optotype presenting optical system 30, a base 22, a vertical movement mechanism 23, and a control unit 24. configured with.

The control unit 24 is composed of a microprocessor, RAM, ROM, and the like. The control unit 24 controls the operation of the optotype display device 2 according to instruction signals from the controller 3 .

The housing 21 is provided on the base 22 via a vertical movement mechanism 23 , and the height of the housing 21 can be freely changed by the known vertical movement mechanism 23 . A window part (window) 25 for the examinee to visually recognize the optotype is opened in the front surface of the upper part of the housing 21 (on the side of the eye to be examined E). The window portion 25 is provided with a filter 26 made of a transparent resin such as polyacrylate resin (PMMA).

Inside the housing 21, as shown in FIG. 4, a target presenting optical system 30 is provided. The target presenting optical system 30 includes a display 31 as a target display unit, a first reflecting mirror 32, a distance lens 33 as a first optical system, a second reflecting mirror 34, and a second optical system. It mainly includes a near lens 35 as a system and a drive mechanism 36 for the near lens 35 . In addition, a mechanism for driving the second reflecting mirror and the like are provided.

In this embodiment, the distance between the subject's eye E and the filter 26, that is, the working distance (WD) is 100 mm. Also, the distance between the filter 26 and the second reflecting mirror 34 is set to 100 mm, and the distance between the second reflecting mirror 34 and the distance lens 33 is set to 150 mm. Therefore, the distance from the subject's eye E to the distance lens 33 is 350 mm. Note that the distance between each member is not limited to the above, and the distance can be set appropriately according to the use, specifications, design, etc. of the optotype display device 2 .

In addition, it is desirable to set WD shorter than the near vision distance. Conventionally, the WD has a visual target presenting optical system that is approximately 1 m long, and the visual target for near vision optometry is arranged within the WD during near vision optometry. However, it is desired to shorten WD for further space saving. Therefore, by configuring the optotype presenting optical system 30 so that the WD falls within the above range, further space saving can be achieved. In this embodiment, since the visual target O of the display 31 accommodated in the housing 21 can be shared by the near vision optometry and the distance vision optometry, the visual target for near vision optometry is placed between the subject's eye E and the filter 26 . There is no need to place a target, and WD can be made shorter than the near vision distance during near vision examination. Further, by setting the WD larger than the thickness of the optometric apparatus main body 1, the optometric apparatus main body 1 can be easily inserted and removed between the subject's eye E and the visual target display device 2. FIG.

Under the control of the control unit 24, the display 31 presents the target to the subject's eye E by displaying the target on its display surface (display area) 31a. The display 31 is arranged in front of the front focal position (f ₀ in FIG. 4) of the distance lens 33 (on the subject's eye E side). By receiving an instruction signal from the controller 3, the control unit 24 of the optotype display device 2 displays optotypes such as a visual acuity test optotype, a red-green test optotype, an astigmatism test optotype, and a binocular function optometry optotype. An image is displayed on the display surface 31a. Further, the control unit 24 performs image processing such as enlargement/reduction of the optotype image and vertical/horizontal inversion according to the optometry distance at the time of distance optometry and near optometry, and then displays the optotype image on the display surface 31a. to display.

The display 31 is configured by an electronic display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic electroluminescence display (organic EL). A display surface 31a of the display 31 has pixels arranged in an array. Depending on the target to be displayed, the target can be displayed in a predetermined area of the display surface 31a.

The target is not particularly limited as long as it is used for optometry. For example, it may be a Landolt ring (see FIG. 4), a Snellen optotype, an E-chart, or the like; Various visual targets can be used, such as a specific figure for binocular vision function optometry such as a cross, a landscape painting, a landscape photograph, or the like. Also, the visual target O may be a still image or a moving image. In this embodiment, since the display 31 made of an electronic display device is provided, it is possible to display a target of a desired shape and form, thereby enabling various eye examinations.

The first reflecting mirror 32 reflects the luminous flux from the visual target displayed on the display surface 31 a of the display 31 and guides it to the distance lens 33 .

The distance lens 33 refracts the light beam from the target O reflected by the first reflecting mirror 32 to form a virtual image of the target O at the first eye distance from the eye E to be examined. The distance lens 33 can be composed of a convex lens system such as a convex lens or a convex meniscus lens. In this embodiment, the distance lens 33 is composed of one plano-convex lens, but the distance lens 33 is not limited to this configuration, and may be composed of two or more lenses, or composed of a cemented lens. You may

The second reflecting mirror 34 reflects the luminous flux that has passed through the distance lens 33 and presents a virtual image at an image point position at the first eye examination distance from the eye E to be examined. The second reflecting mirror 34 is configured to be movable around the X-axis by a known drive mechanism. Therefore, the inclination angle of the second reflecting mirror 34 can be adjusted according to the height of the subject's eye E from the floor surface. With this configuration, regardless of the height of the eye E to be inspected, the light flux from the display surface 31a can be guided to the eye E to be inspected, and an image of the target O suitable for eye examination can be presented to the eye E to be inspected. .

The first optometry distance in this embodiment is a distance vision distance for performing distance optometry. As the distance viewing distance, for example, 3 m to 6 m from the subject's eye E is suitable, but in this embodiment, it is 5 m. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, a distance lens 33 and an optical arrangement having optical characteristics for forming a virtual image I for distance optometry at a position 5 m from the subject's eye E are used.

A near lens 35 is detachably arranged in an optical path between the far lens 33 and the display 31 . An image i' (FIGS. 5 and 6) of the visual target O is projected from the subject's eye E to a second eye examination distance shorter than the first eye examination distance by the near lens 35 and the distance lens 33 arranged in the optical path. ) is imaged. In this embodiment, the image forming magnification by the near lens 35 is a reduction magnification so that the image of the visual target O is reduced and formed by the near lens 35 .

The near lens 35 can also be configured with a convex lens system. In this embodiment, the near lens 35 is composed of a single biconvex lens, but is not limited to this configuration, and may be composed of two or more lenses, or may be composed of a cemented lens. may be configured.

The second optometry distance of the present embodiment is a near vision distance for performing near vision optometry. A suitable near vision distance is, for example, 250 mm to 600 mm from the eye E to be examined. In this embodiment, the near vision distance can be arbitrarily set within the range of 350 mm to 400 m from the subject's eye E by moving the near vision lens 35 along the optical axis L. FIG.

The drive mechanism 36 drives the near lens 35 under the control of the control unit 24 to place the near lens 35 in the optical path between the display 31 and the far lens 33, and further retract it from the optical path. Let

Further, the drive mechanism 36 moves the near vision lens 35 arranged in the optical path along the optical axis L in the Y direction (upward and downward). As a result, the target image i' can be formed at a position 350 mm to 400 m from the eye E to be examined.

The driving mechanism 36 is not particularly limited as long as it can insert and remove the near lens 35 into and out of the optical path and move along the optical axis L. For example, it can be composed of an actuator, a driving force transmission mechanism such as a plurality of gear sets or a rack and pinion, and the like.

Here, it is assumed that near vision optometry is performed by moving the display 31 to a near vision distance position of 300 mm to 400 mm as in the conventional art without using the near vision lens 35 in the optotype display device 2 . In this optotype display device 2, the distance from the subject's eye to the distance lens 33 is 350 mm. The display 31 may be arranged at the position indicated by a). On the other hand, when performing near vision examination at a near vision distance of 400 mm, it is necessary to place the display 31 50 mm behind the distance lens 33 (the position indicated by b in FIG. 4). It is necessary to retract the distance lens 33 from the optical path.

As described above, since the position of the display 31 differs between the distance optometry and the near vision optometry, a mechanism for moving the display 31 to each position is required. Also, if the optical path is bent by a reflecting mirror or the like for compactness, it is necessary to change the orientation of the display 31 as well.

Furthermore, since the display 31 is arranged near the eye E to be examined during near vision examination, a high-definition display 31 with a fine pixel pitch is required, resulting in high cost. Furthermore, for binocular vision function examination, it is necessary to arrange polarizing filters and phase filters with different polarization directions for each pixel.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, the display 31 is not moved and the positional relationship between the distance lens 33 and the display 31 is not changed. By arranging 35, near vision optometry is made possible. Therefore, there is no need to provide a complicated movement mechanism, and the optotype display device 2 can have a simple configuration. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, since the imaging magnification of the near lens 35 is a reduction magnification, the pixel pitch of the display 31 is reduced by the near lens 35 and projected onto the eye E to be examined. Therefore, even the display 31 with a rough pixel pitch can form a fine image, and can be suitably used as a target for near vision optometry.

[Controller 3]
The controller 3 is used by an examiner to operate the optometric apparatus 100 . The controller 3 receives an operation by the examiner T, and outputs an instruction signal corresponding to this operation to the eye examination apparatus main body 1, the optotype display device 2, or both. The controller 3, the eye examination apparatus body 1, and the target display device 2 are communicably connected by a general communication interface (I/F). The controller 3 outputs an instruction signal to the eye examination apparatus main body 1 and the target display device 2 via each communication I/F.

As shown in FIG. 1, the controller 3 includes a control unit 40 that controls the overall operation of the optometric apparatus 100, a reception unit 41 that receives operation instructions from the examiner T, and displays optometric parameters, examination information, examination results, and the like. and a display unit 42 for the display.

The reception unit 41 includes, for example, a keyboard and a mouse. Moreover, the display unit 42 can be configured by an electronic display device such as an LCD or an organic EL. If the display unit 42 is of a touch panel type, the display surface of the display unit 42 also functions as the reception unit 41 . The receiving unit 41 receives selection instructions for various optotypes O to be displayed on the display surface 31a of the display 31 of the optotype display device 2, prism power, spherical power (S), cylindrical power (C), axis angle (A), pupil An instruction for setting the distance (PD), the addition power (ADD), etc., an instruction for setting the subject eye E to the left eye, the right eye, or both eyes is accepted.

The controller 3 may be an optometry-dedicated controller including a reception unit 41 and a display unit 42, or may be a notebook personal computer. Alternatively, it can be configured by a portable terminal (information processing device) such as a tablet terminal or a smartphone.

The control unit 40 includes a microprocessor, and a storage unit 40a such as a RAM, a ROM, a hard disk drive, and the like. The control unit 40 pre-stores a computer program for controlling each unit of the optometric apparatus 100 in the storage unit 40a. The control unit 40 controls the operation of the optometric apparatus 100 in a centralized manner by developing and executing the computer program on, for example, a RAM. In addition to computer programs, the storage unit 40a stores various eye examination parameters for eye examination, eye examination results, and the like.

The control unit 40 causes the display unit 42 to display optometric parameters and examination information according to the operation instruction received by the receiving unit 41 . Moreover, in the case of the touch panel type display unit 42 , the display unit 42 is caused to display operation keys and the like. In addition, the control unit 40 drives the drive mechanisms 13L and 13R to rotate the turret plates 14L and 14R in accordance with the operation instruction, and changes the dioptric power of the refracting lens and the dioptric power of the prism arranged in the optometric windows 11L and 11R. do. In addition, the drive mechanisms 13L and 13R are driven to operate the shielding members to open and close the eye examination windows 11L and 11R.

Further, the control unit 40 transmits to the optotype display device 2 an instruction signal for displaying the optotype O selected by the selection instruction of the optotype to be presented received by the receiving unit 41 on the display surface 31 a of the display 31 . do.

An example of operations when performing distance optometry and near vision optometry using the optometry apparatus 100 of the first embodiment configured as described above will be described with reference to the optical diagrams of FIGS. 4 to 6 and the flow chart of FIG. do. 5 and 6 are optical diagrams when the near lens 35 is arranged in the optical path. 5 and 6 are diagrams schematically showing the optical configuration, omitting the change of the optical path by the first reflecting mirror 32 and the second reflecting mirror 34 for the sake of ease of explanation. Also, the size of each member and the distance between members are different from the actual scale.

First, as a preparatory work, the optometric apparatus 100 (the optometric apparatus main body 1, the visual target display device 2, and the controller 3) is powered on and activated. Next, the eye examination apparatus body 1 is placed in front of the window 25 of the target display device 2 as shown in FIG. Depending on the purpose and type of eye examination, the target display device 2 may be directly viewed without using the eye examination device main body 1 .

When the subject applies the forehead to the forehead support 15, the left and right eyes E to be examined are arranged in front of the left eye optometric unit 10L and the right eye optometric unit 10R. At this time, the examiner operates the controller 3 to drive the driving mechanisms 13L and 13R or manually slides the optometric units 10L and 10R in the horizontal direction according to the interpupillary distance PD of the eye E to be examined. The eye examination windows 11L and 11R are arranged so as to face the eye EL and the right eye ER.

Then, when the examiner T operates the controller 3 to issue an eye examination instruction for distance eye examination or near eye examination, the control unit 40 accepts the eye examination instruction (step S1). When the instruction for distance optometry is received (YES in step S2), the control unit 40 transmits an instruction signal instructing the retraction of the near lens 35 from the optical path to the optotype display device 2 . In the optotype display device 2 that receives this instruction signal, the driving mechanism 36 drives the near vision lens 35 under the control of the control unit 24 so that the display 31 and the far vision lens are separated as indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 33 is retracted from the near lens 35 (step S3).

Next, when the examiner T operates the controller 3 to instruct the presentation of a predetermined optotype O, the control unit 40 having received this instructs the optotype display device 2 to display the optotype O with an instruction signal. to send. The controller 24 of the optotype display device 2 that has received this instruction signal displays the optotype O for distance optometry, the size of which is appropriately adjusted, on the display surface 31a of the display 31 (step S4). The processes of steps S3 and S4 may be executed in reverse order, or substantially simultaneously.

Through the above steps, the light flux from the visual target O displayed on the display surface 31a is reflected by the first reflecting mirror 32 and guided to the distance lens 33, as shown in FIG. The distance lens 33 refracts the light flux reflected by the first reflecting mirror 32 to form a virtual image I of the target O at a position 5 m from the eye E to be examined. The subject gazes at this virtual image I through the optometric windows 11 (11L, 11R) of the optometric units 10 (10L, 10R), and the controller 3 operates the optometric units 10 (10L, 10R) to Distance eye examination of eye examination E is performed (step S5). As a result, distance optometry similar to that in the case of using a target set at a distance of 5 m from the subject's eye E can be performed.

In such a state of distance vision, the turret plates 14L and 14R are rotated according to the appearance of the visual target O, and the appropriate lenses and prisms of the optical members 12L and 12R are adjusted to the optometric windows 11L and 11R. By arranging the lens at the right angle, it is possible to correct refractive error, oblique position, etc. during long-distance use.

On the other hand, when an instruction for near vision examination is received (NO in step S2), the control unit 40 transmits an instruction signal for instructing placement of the near lens 35 in the optical path to the optotype display device 2. do. In the optotype display device 2 that receives this instruction signal, the drive mechanism 36 drives the near vision lens 35 under the control of the control unit 24, so that the display 31 and the far vision lens 33 are connected as indicated by solid lines in FIG. A near lens 35 is placed in the optical path between (step S6).

Next, the drive mechanism 36 moves the near vision lens 35 along the optical axis L as necessary and arranges it at a position according to the near vision distance (step S7). Further, when the examiner operates the controller 3 to instruct the presentation of a predetermined optotype O for near vision optometry, the control unit 40 having received this command causes the optotype display device 2 to display the optotype O. Send an instruction signal to instruct. In the optotype display device 2 that receives this instruction signal, the control unit 24 displays the optotype O for near vision optometry, which is vertically and horizontally reversed and whose size and the like is appropriately adjusted, on the display surface 31a of the display 31 ( step S8). The processes of steps S6 to S8 may be performed in reverse order, or may be performed substantially simultaneously.

As a result, the luminous flux from the visual target O displayed on the display surface 31a is reflected by the first reflecting mirror 32 and then refracted by the near lens 35 and the far lens 33, resulting in an image i' of the visual target O ( 5 and 6) is imaged at a near vision distance from the eye E to be examined.

More specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, when the near vision distance is 400 mm, the image of the visual target O (image i′) is located 50 mm before the distance lens 33 on the optical axis L. A near vision lens 35 is arranged at a position where an image is formed. That is, the near lens 35 refracts the luminous flux from the target O according to the optical characteristics such as the focal lengths of the near lens 35 and the far lens 33 to form an image i in front of the far lens 33. The near vision lens 35 is placed at the position where the

The image i formed by the near lens 35 is refracted by the far lens 33 to form an image i' at a position 400 mm from the eye E to be examined. The subject can visually recognize the image i' of the target O through the optometric unit 10 of the optometric apparatus main body 1 .

Since the images i and i' are inverted images, the control unit 24 displays the image of the visual target O on the display surface 31a by vertically and horizontally inverting it with respect to the distance optometry. As a result, the subject can observe the image (image i') of the visual target O correctly displayed vertically and horizontally. Further, the control unit 24 displays the visual target O having a size corresponding to the imaging magnification via the near lens 35 . Accordingly, even if the image of the visual target O is reduced by the insertion of the near vision lens 35, the subject can observe the image of the visual target O at a visual angle suitable for near vision examination.

As shown in FIG. 6, when the near vision distance is 300 mm, an image (image i') of the visual target O is presented at a position 50 mm behind the distance lens 33 (on the subject's eye E side). Therefore, the near lens 35 is moved along the optical axis L from the position shown in FIG. is placed at a position where the image is formed on the

This image i is refracted by the distance lens 33 to form an image i' at a position 300 mm from the eye E to be examined. At this time, since the imaging magnification is different from that at the near vision distance of 400 mm shown in FIG. As a result, it is possible to present to the subject's eye E a clear image of the visual target O that corresponds to a near vision distance of 300 mm, is vertically and horizontally correct, and is clear.

As described above, the optotype for near vision can be presented at a position 400 mm from the subject's eye E without retracting the distance lens 33 or moving the position of the display 31 during near vision examination. Further, by reducing the pixel pitch by the near vision lens 35, displaying the visual target O upside down on the display 31, and adjusting the size, it is possible to present a clear visual target O for optometry for near vision.

Then, the examinee is caused to gaze at the image i' of the visual target O, and near vision optometry of the subject's eye E is performed (step S9). This makes it possible to inspect changes in accommodation power of the subject's eye E due to aging or the like. In addition, by rotating the turret plates 14L and 14R and arranging the appropriate lenses and prisms of the optical members 12L and 12R in the optometric windows 11L and 11R according to the way of vision, adjustment of near vision can be performed. It is possible to correct the state of the knee and the oblique position.

(Modification)
Modifications of the first embodiment will be described below. In the above-described first embodiment, an embodiment has been described in which one near lens 35 having a predetermined focal length is moved along the optical axis L according to the near vision distance. As a modified example, for example, a plurality of near lenses 35 having different focal lengths are provided, and each near lens 35 is selected at the same position on the optical axis L without moving the near lenses 35 on the optical axis L. It can be configured to be arranged in a regular manner.

In this case, a known driving mechanism may be used to pick up the near lens 35 corresponding to the near vision distance from among the plurality of near lenses 35 and arrange it in the optical path. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a disc-shaped turret plate 37 having a plurality of near lenses 35 having different focal lengths fitted therein may be used. The near lens 35 is selectively placed on the optical axis L by rotating the turret plate 37 around the circumference by a known drive mechanism. In the turret plate 37 of FIG. 8, near lenses 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d for 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm, and 600 mm are fitted in holes h' having a plurality of openings around the circumference. , but not limited to. Lenses corresponding to near vision distances other than these may be used, or more lenses may be used. An opening 38 is provided in one hole h' of the turret plate 37 without fitting a lens. Glass or the like may be fitted in the opening 38 . Moreover, not only the opening 38 but also a notch or the like may be used. During distance eye examination, the turret plate 37 is rotated to place the opening 38 in the optical path, thereby retracting the near lenses 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d from the optical path. , the virtual image I can be formed at the distance viewing distance without any problem.

As another modified example, for example, the near vision lens 35 is arranged on the optical axis L in accordance with one of the near vision distances of 300 mm and 400 mm, and near vision examination is performed at the near vision distance. In the case of near vision examination at the other near vision distance, another lens is added to the near vision lens 35 adapted to the one near vision distance and placed in the optical path to obtain the other near vision distance. is the synthetic focal length corresponding to the near vision distance of . Thereby, a virtual image can be formed at the other near vision distance. Furthermore, by adding different lenses before and after the near vision lens 35, etc., it is possible to obtain a synthetic focal length corresponding to a near vision distance other than 300 mm and 400 mm.

(Second embodiment)
Next, an optotype display device 2A according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. A visual target display device 2A according to the second embodiment is provided with an elbow rest (placing portion) 27 on which the subject's elbow or arm is placed and a gripping portion 28 gripped by the subject. , and has the same external configuration as that of the optotype display device 2 of the first embodiment. Therefore, detailed description of the same configuration as in the first embodiment will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 9, a target display device 2A according to the second embodiment includes a housing 21, a base 22, a vertical movement mechanism 23, a control section 24, and the like. The housing 21 has a window portion 25 provided with a filter 26, and the housing 21 accommodates a target presenting optical system 30 similar to that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. . However, the optotype presenting optical system of the optotype display device 2A according to the second embodiment is not limited to these, and may be of any configuration as long as it can present the optotype to the subject's eye E. good too.

In the second embodiment, below the window 25 and in front of the housing 21, there is provided an elbow rest 27 on which the subject rests his/her elbow. Although there are conventional products provided with an elbow rest 27, in this case, the elbow rest 27 is fixedly provided. In this embodiment, the height of the elbow rest 27 can be changed by making it possible to change the position of the elbow rest 27 in the mounting height direction.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, a pair of gripping portions 28 to be gripped by the subject are provided on both sides of the housing 21 . The gripping portion 28 is composed of a bar-shaped handle that extends vertically so that it can be gripped at any position in the vertical direction.

In this embodiment, a pair of gripping portions 28 are provided in order to further improve the stability of gripping, but the configuration is not limited to this. The gripping portion 28 may be provided only on one side of the housing 21, which makes it possible to save space. Also, in this embodiment, both the elbow rest portion 27 and the grip portion 28 are provided, but the present invention is not limited to this, and only one of them may be provided in consideration of cost, design, installation space, etc. There may be.

During eye examination, there are individual differences in the height of the subject's eye E in a sitting or standing position. In the optotype display device 2 of the present embodiment, the housing 21 housing the optotype presenting optical system 30 is vertically moved by the vertical movement mechanism 23, so that the optical axis L of the optotype presenting optical system 30 and the subject's eye E are aligned. Height can be adjusted. By the way, during the eye examination, the examinee puts the forehead against the forehead support 15 to fix the position of the face. This posture must be maintained during the eye examination. However, since eye examination takes time, the examinee may feel fatigued and have difficulty in maintaining posture.

Therefore, the examinee tries to maintain his/her posture together with the forehead resting on the forehead support 15 by placing the arm on the eye examination table 4 or the elbow rest 27 . However, since the eye examination table 4 and the fixedly provided elbow rest 27 have a constant height from the position where the eye to be examined E is arranged, children and small people cannot reach the eye examination table 4 or the like with their elbows. sometimes not. Conversely, if a person with a large build puts his/her elbow on the eye examination table 4 or the like, he or she may not be able to adjust the height of the eye to be examined E without shrugging his/her neck. Therefore, it may become difficult to maintain posture for a long time.

In contrast, in the present embodiment, the attachment position of the elbow rest 27 can be changed in the vertical direction. Therefore, by adjusting the height of the elbow rest part 27 according to the height of the elbow of the subject when the eye to be examined E is arranged along the optical axis L, the stability when the elbow is placed is improved. is improved, the subject can visually recognize the visual target O in a comfortable posture, and can maintain the posture for a long time.

Moreover, the gripping portions 28 provided on both sides of the housing 21 may be gripped during eye examination. Since the grasping portion 28 is a bar-shaped handle extending in the vertical direction, the subject can grasp the grasping portion 28 at an optimum position in the vertical direction. In this case also, the posture can be maintained for a long time.

Note that the optotype display device 2A of the second embodiment may also directly recognize the optotype O (virtual image I, image i′) without interposing the eye examination device body 1 between the eye E to be examined. . Alternatively, an optometric apparatus including the optometry display device 2 of the second embodiment and the optometric apparatus main body 1 may be configured to visually recognize the optotype O through the optometric unit 10 of the optometric apparatus main body 1 .

The effects of the present invention will be described below. The optotype display devices 2 and 2A of the above-described embodiments and modifications include one optotype display unit (display 31) for presenting an optotype to the eye to be examined E, and an optotype O displayed on the optotype display unit. A first optical system (distant lens 33) that forms a virtual image I from the subject's eye E to a first examination distance, and can be freely inserted into and removed from the optical path between the target display unit and the first optical system. A housing 21 provided with a second optical system (near lens 35), a visual target display unit, a first optical system, and a second optical system, and provided with a window 25 for visually recognizing the visual target O. and have. When the second optical system is arranged in the optical path, the first optical system and the second optical system move the visual target O from the subject's eye E to a second eye examination distance shorter than the first eye examination distance. is configured to form an image i' of . Further, the eye examination apparatus 100 as an ophthalmologic apparatus according to each of the above-described embodiments includes the optotype display devices 2 and 2A as described above and a plurality of optical members 12 for correcting the visual function of the eye E to be examined. It comprises an eye examination optical system (eye examination unit 10) that selectively disposes an optical member 12 between the subject's eye E and a target display section (display 31).

With the above configuration, the visual target O can be presented simply by inserting or removing the second optical system in the optical path without retracting the first optical system from the optical path or changing the position of the display 31. The position can be easily switched between the first viewing distance and the second viewing distance. Therefore, it is possible to present the optotypes at different eye examination distances, and the optometry display devices 2, 2A and the optometry device 100 having a simple configuration are provided in which switching of the optotype presentation to the different optometry distances is easy. can do.

Further, if the first optometry distance is a distance vision distance of 3 m to 6 m from the eye E to be examined, distance optometry of the eye E to be examined can be performed with high accuracy. Further, if the second eye examination distance is a near vision distance of 250 mm to 600 mm from the subject's eye E, it is possible to accurately perform near vision eye examination corresponding to viewing a book, viewing a personal computer, or the like.

Also, the first optical system (far lens 33) and the second optical system (near lens 35) are composed of either an optical lens system consisting of at least one lens or a concave reflecting mirror. By doing so, it is possible to provide the optotype display devices 2 and 2A and the optometry device 100 that can achieve space saving with a simple configuration.

Further, in the first embodiment, the second optical system (near lens 35) is configured to be movable along the optical axis L while being inserted into the optical path. With this configuration, the second examination distance at which the image i' is formed can be easily set to a desired distance simply by moving the second optical system, and the optical system can be simplified. Become.

Further, in the modified example, the second optical system (near lens 35) includes a plurality of optical members (near lenses 35a to 35d) having different focal lengths, and each optical member is connected to the optotype display section (display 31). and the first optical system (distance lens 33). Thereby, the second eye examination distance can be easily changed within a predetermined range, and near vision examination at various second eye examination distances is possible.

In addition, in each of the above-described embodiments and modifications, the optotype for distance optometry and the optotype for near optometry are displayed using the same optotype display unit (display 31). 2, 2A, and the optometric apparatus 100 can be reduced in cost and space. Further, since there is no need to place a target for near vision optometry between the subject's eye E and the window 25, the distance from the subject's eye E to the window 25 is the second optometry distance, more specifically can be set shorter than the near vision distance. Therefore, further space saving can be achieved.

Further, in each of the above-described embodiments and modified examples, the image formation magnification by the second optical system is a reduction magnification. The pixel pitch is reduced by the second optical system, so that a fine image i' can be formed and a suitable visual target for near vision optometry can be obtained.

In this case, a control unit 24 is provided for generating an image of the optotype O and displaying it on the display surface 31a of the optotype display unit (display 31). It is desirable that the display size of the visual target O on the display surface 31a is changed and displayed according to the second eye examination distance. As a result, even if the second optical system reduces the size of the target O, the subject can observe the image of the target O having a size suitable for optometry for near vision. can be done.

In addition, regardless of the configuration of the optotype presenting optical system, the ophthalmologic apparatus includes an optotype display unit (display 31) that presents the optotype to the eye to be examined E, and a window that accommodates the optotype display unit and visually recognizes the optotype O. and a housing 21 in which the portion 25 is provided. At this time, by setting the distance from the subject's eye E to the window portion 25 to be shorter than the near vision distance, it is possible to save the space of the ophthalmologic apparatus.

In addition, as in the second embodiment, one side or both sides of the housing 21 may have a grip portion 28 to be gripped by the subject, or the housing 21 may be located on the subject side and below the window 25. In addition, if a configuration having a placement portion (elbow placement portion 27) on which the subject rests his or her arm, and further, if the placement portion has a configuration in which the position in the height direction can be changed freely, the subject can It is possible to hold the posture for a long time. As a result, more accurate and more efficient optometry is possible.

Although the ophthalmologic apparatus of the present invention has been described above based on the embodiments, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the gist of the invention according to each claim. Design changes and additions are permitted as long as they do not deviate from

For example, in each of the above embodiments, the first optical system is composed of the distance lens 33 such as a plano-convex lens, and the second optical system is composed of the near lens 35 such as a biconvex lens. The configuration is not limited. The first optical system and the second optical system may be composed of concave reflecting mirrors (concave reflecting mirrors). When the first optical system is a concave reflecting mirror, the display 31 is arranged to be inclined with respect to the optical axis of the concave reflecting mirror as in Patent Document 1, and the luminous flux from the visual target displayed on the display 31 is It can be configured such that the light beam is reflected by a concave reflecting mirror, and the reflected light beam is led to the eye E to be examined by bending the optical path with an optical path bending mirror or the like.

Further, when the second optical system is a concave reflecting mirror, for example, when an image is formed at the second examination distance, the first reflecting mirror 32 is retracted, and the second optical system is used instead. Place a concave reflector. Then, the light beam from the target displayed on the display 31 can be reflected by the concave reflecting mirror and guided to the first optical system.

Further, in each of the above-described embodiments and modified examples, the optometric apparatus main body 1 is provided on the optometric table 4, but the configuration is not limited to this. For example, a configuration in which the eye examination apparatus main body 1 is attached to the optotype display devices 2 and 2A may be employed. In this case, the optometric apparatus main body 1 is movably attached to the visual target display devices 2 and 2A, and the optometric apparatus main body 1 is retracted from the front of the window portion 25 or moved forward of the window portion 25 depending on the purpose of optometric examination. It is good also as a structure which arrange|positions. As a result, it is possible to provide the optometric apparatus 100 in which the optometric apparatus main body 1 and the visual target display devices 2 and 2A are integrated, which has a simpler configuration and can save space.

Further, the optometric apparatus main body 1 (opportunistic unit 10) is not limited to the configuration of the above-described embodiment and the like. may be used.

In addition, by adding a reflecting mirror and other optical path changing members to the optotype presenting optical system 30 of the above-described embodiment, and bending the optical path with the optical path changing member, the height of the optotype display device can be shortened and further improved. A compact target display device may be used. By mounting or integrating such a visual target display device on the eye examination table 4 to which the eye examination apparatus main body 1 is attached, space can be saved more effectively.

2, 2A eye target display device 10, 10L, 10R eye examination unit (eye examination optical system)
12, 12L, 12R optical member 21 housing 24 control section 25 window section 27 elbow rest section (placement section) 28 grip section 31 display (target display section)
33 distance lens (first optical system)
35, 35a, 35b, 35c near lens (second optical system)
100 Optometry device (ophthalmic device)

Claims (11)

one optotype display unit for presenting the optotype to the eye to be examined;
a first optical system that forms a virtual image of the visual target displayed on the visual target display unit at a first examination distance from the eye to be examined;
a second optical system detachably arranged in an optical path between the target display unit and the first optical system;
a housing provided with a window for housing the target display unit, the first optical system, and the second optical system and for visually recognizing the target;
with
When the second optical system is arranged in the optical path, the first optical system and the second optical system perform a second eye examination shorter than the first eye examination distance from the eye to be examined. configured to form an image of the target at a distance ,
A target display device , wherein the first optical system and the second optical system are composed of either an optical lens system consisting of at least one lens or a concave reflecting mirror . one optotype display unit for presenting the optotype to the eye to be examined;
a first optical system that forms a virtual image of the visual target displayed on the visual target display unit at a first examination distance from the eye to be examined;
a second optical system detachably arranged in an optical path between the target display unit and the first optical system;
a housing provided with a window for housing the target display unit, the first optical system, and the second optical system and for visually recognizing the target;
with
When the second optical system is arranged in the optical path, the first optical system and the second optical system perform a second eye examination shorter than the first eye examination distance from the eye to be examined. configured to form an image of the target at a distance,
A target display device, wherein the second optical system is movable along the optical axis while being inserted into the optical path . one optotype display unit for presenting the optotype to the eye to be examined;
a first optical system that forms a virtual image of the visual target displayed on the visual target display unit at a first examination distance from the eye to be examined;
a second optical system detachably arranged in an optical path between the target display unit and the first optical system;
a housing provided with a window for housing the target display unit, the first optical system, and the second optical system and for visually recognizing the target;
with
When the second optical system is arranged in the optical path, the first optical system and the second optical system perform a second eye examination shorter than the first eye examination distance from the eye to be examined. configured to form an image of the target at a distance,
The second optical system comprises a plurality of optical members having different focal lengths, each optical member being selectively arranged in the optical path between the target display section and the first optical system. A target display device characterized by comprising: one optotype display unit for presenting the optotype to the eye to be examined;
a first optical system that forms a virtual image of the visual target displayed on the visual target display unit at a first examination distance from the eye to be examined;
a second optical system detachably arranged in an optical path between the target display unit and the first optical system;
a housing provided with a window for housing the target display unit, the first optical system, and the second optical system and for visually recognizing the target;
with
When the second optical system is arranged in the optical path, the first optical system and the second optical system perform a second eye examination shorter than the first eye examination distance from the eye to be examined. configured to form an image of the target at a distance,
A control unit for generating an image of the optotype and displaying it on a display surface of the optotype display unit, wherein the control unit controls the second optical system when the second optical system is arranged in the optical path. 2. A visual target display device, wherein the size of the visual target displayed on the display surface is changed and displayed according to the eye examination distance of 2. one optotype display unit for presenting the optotype to the eye to be examined;
a first optical system that forms a virtual image of the visual target displayed on the visual target display unit at a first examination distance from the eye to be examined;
a second optical system detachably arranged in an optical path between the target display unit and the first optical system;
a housing provided with a window for housing the target display unit, the first optical system, and the second optical system and for visually recognizing the target;
with
When the second optical system is arranged in the optical path, the first optical system and the second optical system perform a second eye examination shorter than the first eye examination distance from the eye to be examined. configured to form an image of the target at a distance,
An optotype display device, comprising: a grip portion to be gripped by a subject on one side or both sides of the housing. one optotype display unit for presenting the optotype to the eye to be examined;
a first optical system that forms a virtual image of the visual target displayed on the visual target display unit at a first examination distance from the eye to be examined;
a second optical system detachably arranged in an optical path between the target display unit and the first optical system;
a housing provided with a window for housing the target display unit, the first optical system, and the second optical system and for visually recognizing the target;
with
When the second optical system is arranged in the optical path, the first optical system and the second optical system perform a second eye examination shorter than the first eye examination distance from the eye to be examined. configured to form an image of the target at a distance,
An optotype display device, comprising: a placing portion on which a subject places his/her arm on the subject side of the housing and below the window portion. 7. The optotype display device according to claim 6 , wherein the placement section is configured such that the position in the height direction can be changed. The optotype display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first examination distance is a distance vision distance of 3m to 6m from the eye to be examined. The optotype display device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the second eye examination distance is a near vision distance of 250 mm to 600 mm from the eye to be examined. The optotype display device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the distance from the eye to be examined to the window is shorter than the second eye examination distance. 11. The optotype display device according to claim 1 , and a plurality of optical members for correcting the visual function of the eye to be inspected, wherein each optical member is connected to the eye to be inspected and the optotype display unit. and an optometric optical system selectively arranged between and.

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