JP7429740B2 - Visual target display device and ophthalmological device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an optotype display device and an ophthalmological device.

BACKGROUND ART A subjective optometric test is known in which a visual target is presented to the subject's eye and the visual function of the subject's eye is tested based on a response from the subject regarding how the target looks. This subjective eye examination consists of distance eye examination, in which the visual appearance of an optotype presented at a distance viewing distance of, for example, 5 m from the subject's eye, is examined, and the optimal correction method is determined based on the test results; Near vision optometry involves presenting an optotype at a near viewing distance of several tens of cm (for example, 30 to 40 cm) to examine changes in accommodation due to aging or the like.

On the other hand, an optotype display device has been developed that forms a virtual image at a distance viewing distance via an optical system and uses this virtual image as an optotype for distance optometry (for example, see Patent Document 1). In the optotype display device described in Patent Document 1, an optical system including a concave mirror and a reflective mirror, and a display for displaying an optotype are housed in a housing. By reflecting the luminous flux of the optotype displayed on the display with a concave mirror or reflective mirror, the distance for optical examination is ensured optically, making it possible to shorten the actual distance between the eye being examined and the optotype, saving space. is possible.

Furthermore, Patent Document 1 also discloses an optotype display device that uses a common display for distance and near vision tests and changes the position and orientation of the display between distance and near vision tests. has been done. However, in order to send power and signal information to each presentation position, it is necessary to change the electronic display device such as a liquid crystal display between the presentation position of the optotype for distance optometry and the presentation position of the optotype for near vision. A structurally and electrically complex movement mechanism is required, such as the need for wiring.

Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 2016-10679

The present invention has been made in view of the above problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide an optotype display device and an ophthalmological device that can save space and have a simple configuration.

In order to achieve the above object, the optotype display device of the present invention is provided with an optotype display section that presents the optotype to the eye to be examined, and a window section that accommodates the optotype display section and visually recognizes the optotype. a casing, the distance from the eye to be examined to the window portion is shorter than the near viewing distance, and a grip portion is provided on one or both sides of the casing to be gripped by the subject. It is characterized by

Further, the ophthalmologic apparatus of the present invention includes an optotype display device as described above and a plurality of optical members for correcting the visual function of the eye to be examined, and each optical member is connected to the eye to be examined and the optotype display unit. and an optometry optical system selectively disposed between.

In the optotype display device and ophthalmologic apparatus configured in this way, it is possible to save space, and it is possible to provide an optotype display device and ophthalmologic device with a simple configuration.

1 is a diagram showing a block configuration of a control system of an optometry apparatus including an optometry display device according to a first embodiment; FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the external configuration of an optotype display device according to a first embodiment. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an external configuration of an optometry apparatus main body, an optical member of the optometry apparatus main body, and a drive mechanism thereof according to a first embodiment; FIG. 1 is an example of a configuration diagram of an optical system of an optotype display device according to a first embodiment; FIG. FIG. 7 is an example of an optical diagram when a near lens (second optical system) is placed in the optical path in the optotype display device according to the first embodiment. It is another example of the optical diagram when the near vision lens (second optical system) is arranged in the optical path in the optotype display device according to the first embodiment. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the optometry apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a plan view of a turret plate into which a plurality of near lenses used in a modification of the first embodiment are fitted. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the external configuration of an optotype display device according to a second embodiment.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a self-aware optometry device (hereinafter simply referred to as "optometry device") as an example of an optometry display device of the present invention and an ophthalmology device equipped with this optometry display device will be described with reference to the drawings. I will explain. The optometry apparatus according to the first embodiment is a binocular open type ophthalmologic apparatus that can test and correct the visual function of the eyes of the subject with both eyes open. In addition, in the optometry apparatus of this embodiment, it is also possible to shield one eye and test each eye one by one.

[Configuration of optometry device 100]
The configuration of the optometry apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an optometry apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the external configuration of the optometry display device 2, and FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the external configuration of the optometry device main body 1, and the optical members of the optometry device main body 1 and the drive mechanism thereof. . FIG. 4 is an example of a configuration diagram of the optical system of the optotype display device 2. As shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the optometric apparatus 100 of the first embodiment mainly includes an optometric apparatus main body (refractor head) 1, an optometry display device 2, and a controller 3.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 throughout this specification, the X, Y, and Z axes are taken, and when viewed from the subject (eye E), the left and right direction is the X direction, and the up and down direction (vertical direction). ) is defined as the Y direction, and a direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions (the direction of the optotype display device 2 when viewed from the optometry apparatus main body 1, the depth direction) is defined as the Z direction.

[Optometry device body 1]
The optometry apparatus main body 1 is provided on, for example, an optometry table 4, as shown in the top view of FIG. The optometric table 4 is a desk for supporting the optometric apparatus main body 1 and on which the controller 3 is placed. The optometry table 4 is provided with a column 5 that is extendable in the longitudinal direction and rotatable in the circumferential direction, and the column 5 is provided with a support arm 6 that extends in the transverse direction. A support member 7 is attached to the support arm 6, and the optometric apparatus main body 1 is suspended from the support member 7. As shown in FIG. 4, the optometry apparatus main body 1 is disposed between the eye E to be examined and the optotype display device 2 so as to be freely insertable and removable.

The optometry apparatus main body 1 has a pair of left and right eyes provided on the left and right to correspond to the left and right eyes E (left eye EL, right eye ER) of the subject S (see FIG. 3). It includes optometric units 10L and 10R as an optometric optical system. Each optometry unit 10L, 10R is attached to the support member 7 so as to be slidable in the left-right direction (X direction), and can be relatively approached and separated. Hereinafter, "for the left eye and for the right eye" may be simply abbreviated as "for the left and right eyes" or "left and right."

The optometry units 10L and 10R for the left and right eyes are provided with optometry windows 11L and 11R for the left and right eyes, respectively. In each optometry unit 10L, 10R, a plurality of optical members 12L, 12R for left and right eyes are disposed selectively in optometry windows 11L, 11R for left and right eyes and used for optometry. Further, in each optometry unit 10L, 10R, there is provided a light shielding member for the left and right eyes, which is disposed in each optometry window 11L, 11R and opens and closes (shields/opens) each optometry window 11L, 11R, respectively. The optical members 12L and 12R for the left and right eyes and the light shielding member are configured to be individually movable by drive mechanisms 13L and 13R for the left and right eyes.

Further, the optometry apparatus main body 1 is provided with a forehead rest 15 on which the subject rests his or her forehead when measuring the characteristics of the eye E, between the optometry units 10L and 10R for the left and right eyes.

The plurality of optical members 12L and 12R for the left and right eyes are an assembly consisting of various lenses and polarizing members used to correct the visual function of the eye E to be examined. Each optical member 12L, 12R includes, for example, a polarizing filter, a spherical lens, a cylindrical lens, and a prism. The plurality of optical members 12L and 12R are grouped according to the type of optometry parameter.

The optometry parameters indicate test conditions for testing the visual function of the eye E to be examined. For example, the types of optometry parameters include spherical power, astigmatic power, astigmatic axis angle, addition power, interpupillary distance, prism power, and prism base direction.

The drive mechanisms 13L and 13R for the left and right eyes are capable of disposing the plurality of optical members 12L and 12R for the left and right eyes in the left and right eye examination windows 11L and 11R, respectively, and retracting them from the eye examination windows 11L and 11R. It is configured. For example, as shown in the bottom view of FIG. 3, each drive mechanism 13L, 13R has a plurality of disk-shaped turret plates 14L, 14R for the left and right eyes. Each turret plate 14L, 14R is configured to be rotatable around the circumference with the center of the circle as an axis by each drive mechanism 13L, 13R. Each turret plate 14L, 14R has a plurality of holes h near the outer periphery. Optical members 12L and 12R are fitted into the holes h, respectively. The drive mechanisms 13L, 13R rotate the turret plates 14L, 14R, thereby disposing the plurality of optical members 12L, 12R in the optometry windows 11L, 11R, and retracting them from the optometry windows 11L, 11R. The drive mechanisms 13L and 13R are composed of, for example, an actuator, a drive force transmission mechanism such as a plurality of gear sets or a rack and pinion, and the like.

[Optotype display device 2]
As shown in FIG. 4, the optotype display device 2 is placed in front of the eye E to be examined via the optometry device main body 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the optotype display device 2 mainly includes a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped housing 21 in which the optotype presentation optical system 30 is housed, a base 22, a vertical movement mechanism 23, and a control section 24. Prepared and configured.

The control unit 24 is composed of a microprocessor, RAM, ROM, etc. The control unit 24 controls the operation of the optotype display device 2 according to instruction signals from the controller 3 .

The housing 21 is provided on a base 22 via a vertical movement mechanism 23, and the height of the housing 21 can be changed by the known vertical movement mechanism 23. A window 25 is opened in the upper front side of the housing 21 (on the side of the eye E to be examined) for the examinee to visually recognize the optotype. This window portion 25 is provided with a filter 26 made of transparent resin such as polyacrylate resin (PMMA).

Inside the housing 21, as shown in FIG. 4, an optotype presenting optical system 30 is provided. The optotype presentation optical system 30 includes a display 31 as an optotype display section, a first reflection mirror 32, a distance lens 33 as a first optical system, a second reflection mirror 34, and a second optical system. It mainly includes a near lens 35 as a system and a drive mechanism 36 for the near lens 35. In addition to this, it also includes a drive mechanism for the second reflecting mirror.

In this embodiment, the distance between the eye E to be examined and the filter 26, that is, the working distance (WD), is 100 mm. Further, the distance between the filter 26 and the second reflecting mirror 34 is 100 mm, and the distance between the second reflecting mirror 34 and the distance lens 33 is 150 mm. Therefore, the distance from the eye E to the distance lens 33 is 350 mm. Note that the distance between each member is not limited to the above, and can be set to an appropriate distance depending on the purpose, specifications, design, design, etc. of the optotype display device 2.

Note that it is desirable to set the WD to be shorter than the near vision distance. Conventionally, this WD has an optotype presentation optical system configured to be approximately 1 m long, and during near vision optometry, an optotype for near vision testing has been placed within this WD. However, in order to further save space, it is desired to shorten the WD. Therefore, by configuring the optotype presentation optical system 30 so that the WD falls within the above range, further space saving can be achieved. In this embodiment, since the optotype O of the display 31 housed in the housing 21 can be shared between the near eye test and the distance eye test, the eye E for near vision eye test and the filter 26 are disposed between the eye E and the filter 26. There is no need to arrange a target, and the WD can be made shorter than the near vision distance during near vision examination. Further, by setting the WD to be larger than the thickness of the optometry device main body 1, the optometry device main body 1 can be easily inserted and removed between the eye E and the optotype display device 2.

The display 31 presents the optotype to the eye E by displaying the optotype on its display surface (display area) 31a under the control of the control unit 24. The display 31 is arranged in front of the front focal position (f0 in FIG. 4) of the distance lens 33 (on the eye E side to be examined). The control unit 24 of the optotype display device 2 receives the instruction signal from the controller 3 to control the optotypes such as the visual acuity test optotype, the red-green test optotype, the astigmatism test optotype, and the binocular vision test optotype. The image is displayed on the display surface 31a. In addition, the control unit 24 performs image processing such as enlarging/reducing the image of the optotype and inverting it vertically and horizontally according to the optometry distance during distance optometry and near vision, and then displays the image of the optotype on the display surface 31a. to be displayed.

The display 31 is configured by an electronic display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic electroluminescent display (organic EL). The display surface 31a of the display 31 has pixels arranged in an array. Depending on the optotype to be displayed, the optotype can be displayed in a predetermined area of the display surface 31a.

The optotype is not particularly limited as long as it is used for optometry. For example, it may be a Landolt ring (see Figure 4), a Snellen index, an E chart, etc., or it may be an index using characters such as hiragana or katakana, pictures of animals, fingers, etc. Various optotypes can be used, including specific figures for binocular vision optometry, such as cross optotypes, landscape paintings, landscape photographs, and the like. Further, the visual target O may be a still image or a moving image. In this embodiment, since the display 31 made of an electronic display device is provided, it is possible to display an optotype of a desired shape and form, and various optometry tests are possible.

The first reflecting mirror 32 reflects the luminous flux from the optotype displayed on the display surface 31 a of the display 31 and guides it to the distance lens 33 .

The distance lens 33 refracts the light beam from the optotype O reflected by the first reflecting mirror 32, and forms a virtual image of the optotype O at a first distance from the eye E to be examined. The distance lens 33 can be configured with a convex lens system such as a convex lens or a convex meniscus lens. In this embodiment, the distance lens 33 is configured with one plano-convex lens, but the distance lens 33 is not limited to this configuration, and may be configured with two or more lenses, or with a bonded lens. You may.

The second reflecting mirror 34 reflects the light beam that has passed through the distance lens 33 and presents a virtual image at an image point position at a first optometry distance from the eye E to be examined. The second reflecting mirror 34 is configured to be movable around the X-axis by a known drive mechanism. Therefore, the inclination angle of the second reflecting mirror 34 can be adjusted depending on the height of the eye E from the floor. With this configuration, regardless of the height of the eye E to be examined, it is possible to guide the light beam from the display surface 31a to the eye E to be examined, and to present the image of the optotype O suitable for optometry to the eye E to be examined. .

The first optometry distance in this embodiment is a distance viewing distance for performing distance optometry. The distance viewing distance is preferably 3 m to 6 m from the eye E to be examined, for example, but is set to 5 m in this embodiment. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, a distance lens 33 and an optical arrangement having optical characteristics that form a virtual image I for distance optometry at a position 5 m from the eye E to be examined are used.

The near lens 35 is removably arranged in the optical path between the distance lens 33 and the display 31. The near lens 35 and the far lens 33 arranged in this optical path move the image i' of the optotype O from the eye E to the second optometry distance shorter than the first optometry distance (Figs. 5, 6 ) is imaged. In this embodiment, the imaging magnification by the near lens 35 is set to be a reduction magnification so that the image of the optotype O is reduced and formed by the near lens 35.

The near vision lens 35 can also be configured with a convex lens system. In this embodiment, the near lens 35 is configured with one biconvex lens, but it is not limited to this configuration, and may be configured with two or more lenses, or a laminated lens. may be configured.

The second optometric distance in this embodiment is a near viewing distance for performing near vision testing. The near viewing distance is preferably, for example, 250 mm to 600 mm from the eye E to be examined. In this embodiment, by moving the near lens 35 along the optical axis L, the near viewing distance can be arbitrarily set within the range of 350 mm to 400 m from the eye E to be examined.

The drive mechanism 36 drives the near lens 35 under the control of the control unit 24, positions the near lens 35 in the optical path between the display 31 and the distance lens 33, and further moves the near lens 35 out of the optical path. let

Further, the drive mechanism 36 moves the near lens 35 placed in the optical path in the Y direction (upward and downward) along the optical axis L. Thereby, the image i' of the optotype can be formed at a position 350 mm to 400 m from the eye E to be examined.

The drive mechanism 36 is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of inserting and removing the near lens 35 into the optical path and moving along the optical axis L. For example, it can be composed of an actuator, a driving force transmission mechanism such as a plurality of gear sets, a rack and pinion, and the like.

Here, it is assumed that in the optotype display device 2, a near vision test is performed by moving the display 31 to a near viewing distance position of 300 mm to 400 mm, as in the conventional method, without using the near lens 35. In this optotype display device 2, the distance from the subject's eye to the distance lens 33 is 350 mm, so when performing a near vision test at a near vision distance of 300 mm, the distance from the distance lens 33 is 50 mm (as shown in Figure 4). The display 31 may be placed at the position indicated by a). On the other hand, when performing near eye examination at a near viewing distance of 400 mm, the display 31 needs to be placed 50 mm deeper than the distance lens 33 (position indicated by b in FIG. 4), and in this case, It is necessary to remove the distance lens 33 from the optical path.

As described above, since the position of the display 31 is different between distance eye examination and near eye eye examination, a mechanism for moving the display 31 to each position is required. Furthermore, if the optical path is bent by a reflecting mirror or the like for compactness, it is also necessary to change the orientation of the display 31.

Furthermore, since the display 31 is placed near the eye E to be examined during near eye examination, a high-definition display 31 with a fine pixel pitch is required, which increases the cost. Furthermore, for binocular vision function optometry, it is necessary to arrange polarization filters and phase filters with different polarization directions for each pixel, but in the high-definition display 31, it is difficult to arrange these filters.

In contrast, in this embodiment, the near lens is placed in the optical path between the distance lens 33 and the display 31 without moving the display 31 and without changing the positional relationship between the distance lens 33 and the display 31. By arranging the lens 35, near vision optometry is possible. Therefore, there is no need to provide a complicated movement mechanism, and the optotype display device 2 can have a simple configuration. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the imaging magnification of the near lens 35 is a reduction magnification, the pixel pitch of the display 31 is reduced by the near lens 35 and projected onto the eye E to be examined. Therefore, even if the display 31 has a rough pixel pitch, a fine image can be formed, and it can be suitably used as an optotype for near vision optometry.

[Controller 3]
The controller 3 is used by the examiner to operate the optometric apparatus 100. The controller 3 receives an operation by the examiner T, and outputs an instruction signal corresponding to the operation to the optometry apparatus main body 1, the optotype display device 2, or both. The controller 3, the optometry apparatus main body 1, and the visual target display device 2 are communicably connected through a general communication interface (I/F). The controller 3 outputs an instruction signal to the optometric apparatus main body 1 and the optotype display device 2 via each communication I/F.

As shown in FIG. 1, the controller 3 includes a control unit 40 that controls the overall operation of the optometry apparatus 100, a reception unit 41 that receives operation instructions from the examiner T, and displays optometry parameters, test information, test results, etc. The display unit 42 is configured to include a display unit 42 for displaying information, and the like.

The reception unit 41 includes, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, and the like. Further, the display section 42 can be configured by an electronic display device such as an LCD or an organic EL. If the display unit 42 is a touch panel type, the display surface of the display unit 42 also functions as the reception unit 41. The reception unit 41 receives selection instructions for various optotypes O to be displayed on the display surface 31a of the display 31 of the optotype display device 2, prism power, spherical power (S), cylindrical power (C), axial angle (A), and pupil. Instructions for setting the distance (PD), addition power (ADD), etc., instructions for setting the eye E to be examined as the left eye, the right eye, or both eyes, etc. are accepted.

The controller 3 may be a controller dedicated to optometry including a reception section 41 and a display section 42, or may be a notebook personal computer. Alternatively, it can also be configured with a mobile terminal (information processing device) such as a tablet terminal or a smartphone.

The control unit 40 includes a microprocessor and a storage unit 40a such as RAM, ROM, hard disk drive, etc. The control section 40 stores in advance a computer program for controlling each section of the optometry apparatus 100 in the storage section 40a. The control unit 40 comprehensively controls the operation of the optometric apparatus 100 by loading this computer program on, for example, a RAM and executing it. In addition to computer programs, the storage unit 40a stores various optometry parameters for optometry, optometry results, and the like.

The control unit 40 causes the display unit 42 to display optometry parameters and examination information in accordance with the operation instructions received by the reception unit 41. Further, in the case of a touch panel type display section 42, operation keys and the like are displayed on the display section 42. In addition, the control unit 40 drives the drive mechanisms 13L and 13R to rotate the turret plates 14L and 14R in accordance with an operation instruction, and changes the power of the refractive lens and the power of the prism arranged in the optometric windows 11L and 11R. do. Further, the driving mechanisms 13L and 13R are driven to operate the shielding members to open and close the optometry windows 11L and 11R.

Further, the control unit 40 transmits to the optotype display device 2 an instruction signal for displaying the optotype O selected by the presentation target optotype selection instruction received by the reception unit 41 on the display surface 31a of the display 31. do.

An example of the operation when performing distance optometry and near vision using the optometry apparatus 100 of the first embodiment configured as described above will be explained with reference to the optical diagrams of FIGS. 4 to 6 and the flowchart of FIG. 7. do. 5 and 6 are optical diagrams when the near lens 35 is placed in the optical path. 5 and 6 are diagrams schematically showing the optical configuration without changing the optical path by the first reflecting mirror 32 and the second reflecting mirror 34 for ease of explanation. Further, the size of each member and the distance between members are different from the actual scale.

First, as a preparatory work, the optometry apparatus 100 (the optometry apparatus body 1, the optometry display device 2, and the controller 3) is powered on and activated. Next, the optometric apparatus body 1 is placed in front of the window 25 of the optotype display device 2, as shown in FIG. Note that depending on the purpose and type of optometry, the optometry display device 2 may be directly viewed without using the optometrist main body 1.

When the subject places his or her forehead on the forehead rest 15, the left and right eyes E are placed in front of the optometric unit 10L for the left eye and the optometric unit 10R for the right eye. At this time, the examiner operates the controller 3 to drive the drive mechanisms 13L, 13R, or manually slides the optometry units 10L, 10R in the left-right direction according to the interpupillary distance PD of the eye E to be examined. Adjustment is made so that the optometry windows 11L and 11R are arranged facing the eye EL and the right eye ER.

Then, when the examiner T operates the controller 3 to issue an optometry instruction for distance optometry or near vision optometry, the control unit 40 receives this optometry instruction (step S1). If the instruction for distance optometry is received (YES in step S2), the control unit 40 transmits an instruction signal to the optotype display device 2 to instruct the retraction of the near lens 35 from the optical path. In the optotype display device 2 that has received this instruction signal, under the control of the control unit 24, the drive mechanism 36 drives the near lens 35 to connect the display 31 and the distance lens as shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. The near lens 35 is retracted from the optical path between the lens 33 and the lens 33 (step S3).

Next, when the examiner T operates the controller 3 to instruct the presentation of a predetermined optotype O, the control unit 40 receives this and sends an instruction signal instructing the optotype display device 2 to display the optotype O. Send. The control unit 24 of the optotype display device 2, which has received this instruction signal, displays the optotype O for distance optometry, the size of which has been appropriately adjusted, on the display surface 31a of the display 31 (step S4). Note that the steps S3 and S4 may be performed in reverse order or may be performed substantially simultaneously.

Through the above steps, as shown in FIG. 4, the light beam from the optotype O displayed on the display surface 31a is reflected by the first reflecting mirror 32 and guided to the distance lens 33. The distance lens 33 refracts the light beam reflected by the first reflecting mirror 32 to form a virtual image I of the optotype O at a position 5 m from the eye E to be examined. The subject gazes at this virtual image I through the optometric windows 11 (11L, 11R) of the optometric unit 10 (10L, 10R), and operates the optometric unit 10 (10L, 10R) with the controller 3. Distance optometry of optometry E is performed (step S5). Thereby, distance optometry similar to that when using an optotype placed at a distance viewing distance of 5 m from the eye E to be examined is possible.

In addition, in such a far-sighted state, the turret plates 14L and 14R are rotated depending on how the optotype O is seen, and appropriate lenses and prisms of the optical members 12L and 12R are placed in the optometry windows 11L and 11R. By arranging the lenses, it is possible to correct refractive errors and dysphoria during distance vision.

On the other hand, if the instruction for near vision optometry is received (the determination in step S2 is NO), the control unit 40 transmits an instruction signal to the optotype display device 2 to instruct the placement of the near vision lens 35 in the optical path. do. In the optotype display device 2 that has received this instruction signal, the drive mechanism 36 drives the near lens 35 under the control of the control unit 24, so that the display 31 and the distance lens 33 are connected to each other as shown by the solid line in FIG. The near lens 35 is placed in the optical path between the two (step S6).

Next, the drive mechanism 36 moves the near vision lens 35 along the optical axis L as necessary, and arranges it at a position corresponding to the near vision distance (step S7). Further, when the examiner operates the controller 3 to instruct the presentation of a predetermined optotype O for near vision testing, the control unit 40 that receives this instruction causes the optotype display device 2 to display the optotype O. Send an instruction signal to instruct. In the optotype display device 2 that receives this instruction signal, the control unit 24 displays the optotype O for near vision examination on the display surface 31a of the display 31, inverted vertically and horizontally and whose size etc. are adjusted appropriately ( Step S8). The steps S6 to S8 may be performed in reverse order or may be performed substantially simultaneously.

Thereby, the light flux from the optotype O displayed on the display surface 31a is reflected by the first reflecting mirror 32, and then refracted by the near lens 35 and the far lens 33, and the image i'( (see FIGS. 5 and 6) is imaged at a position at a near viewing distance from the eye E to be examined.

More specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, when the near vision distance is 400 mm, the image of the optotype O (image i') is located 50 mm in front of the distance lens 33 on the optical axis L. A near lens 35 is placed at the position where the image is formed. In other words, the near lens 35 refracts the light beam from the optotype O according to the optical characteristics of the near lens 35 and the distance lens 33 such as their focal lengths, and forms an image i in front of the distance lens 33. The near vision lens 35 is placed at the position where the near vision lens 35 is located.

The image i formed by the near lens 35 is refracted by the distance lens 33, and an image i' is formed at a position 400 mm from the eye E to be examined. The subject can visually recognize the image i' of the optotype O through the optometric unit 10 of the optometric apparatus main body 1.

Since the images i and i' are inverted images, the control unit 24 displays the image of the optotype O on the display surface 31a by vertically and horizontally inverting the image of the optotype O compared to the time of distance optometry. Thereby, the subject can observe the image (image i') of the optotype O in which the top, bottom, left, and right sides are correctly displayed. Further, the control unit 24 displays an optotype O having a size corresponding to the imaging magnification through the near vision lens 35. Thereby, even if the image of the optotype O is reduced by inserting the near vision lens 35, the subject can observe the image of the optotype O at a viewing angle suitable for near vision optometry.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, when the near viewing distance is 300 mm, the image of the optotype O (image i') is presented at a position 50 mm on the back side of the distance lens 33 (on the side of the eye E to be examined). Therefore, the near lens 35 is moved along the optical axis L from the position shown in FIG. 5 toward the distance lens 33, and the near lens 35 moves the visual target O on the display 31 to the position Place it in a position where it will be imaged.

This image i is refracted by the distance lens 33, and an image i' is formed at a position 300 mm from the eye E to be examined. At this time, since the imaging magnification is different from when the near viewing distance is 400 mm shown in FIG. 5, the optotype O is displayed on the display 31 with a changed size. Thereby, it is possible to present a clear image of the optotype O to the eye E, which corresponds to a near viewing distance of 300 mm and is accurate in the upper, lower, left, and right directions.

As described above, an optotype for near vision can be presented at a position 400 mm from the eye E to be examined without retracting the distance lens 33 or moving the position of the display 31 during near vision examination. Further, by reducing the pixel pitch using the near vision lens 35, displaying the optotype O upside down on the display 31, and adjusting the size, it is possible to present a clear optotype O for near vision optometry.

Then, the subject is made to gaze at the image i' of the optotype O, and near vision examination of the subject's eye E is performed (step S9). Thereby, it is possible to examine changes in the accommodation power of the eye E to be examined due to aging or the like. In addition, by rotating the turret plates 14L, 14R and arranging the appropriate lenses and prisms of the optical members 12L, 12R in the optometry windows 11L, 11R according to the way of seeing, etc., adjustment for near vision can be made. It is possible to correct conditions such as diaphragm and oblique position.

(Modified example)
Hereinafter, a modification of the first embodiment will be described. In the first embodiment described above, an embodiment has been described in which one near vision lens 35 having a predetermined focal length is moved along the optical axis L according to the near vision distance. As a modified example, for example, a plurality of near lenses 35 having different focal lengths are provided, and each near lens 35 is selected at the same position on the optical axis L without moving the near lenses 35 on the optical axis L. It is possible to have a configuration in which the

In this case, a known drive mechanism may be used to pick up the near lens 35 corresponding to the near viewing distance from among the plurality of near lenses 35 and arrange it in the optical path. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 8, a disc-shaped turret plate 37 into which a plurality of near lenses 35 having different focal lengths are fitted may be used. By rotating the turret plate 37 around the circumference using a known drive mechanism, the near lens 35 is selectively arranged on the optical axis L. In the turret plate 37 of FIG. 8, for example, near lenses 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d for 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm, and 600 mm are fitted into holes h' that are opened around the circumference. , but is not limited to this. Lenses corresponding to near vision distances other than these may be used, or more lenses may be used. Further, an opening 38 is provided in one hole h' of the turret plate 37 without fitting a lens into it. Glass or the like may be fitted into this opening 38. Further, the opening 38 is not limited to the opening 38, and a notch or the like may be used. During distance eye examination, by rotating the turret plate 37 and arranging this opening 38 in the optical path, the near lenses 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d are retracted from the optical path, and the distance lenses 33 The virtual image I can be formed at a distance viewing distance without any problem.

As a further modification, for example, the near lens 35 is arranged on the optical axis L in accordance with one of the near viewing distances of 300 mm and 400 mm, and near vision optometry is performed at the near viewing distance. During near vision examination at the other near vision distance, another lens is added and placed in the optical path in addition to the near vision lens 35 that matches the near vision distance of one. Let the composite focal length correspond to the near viewing distance of . Thereby, a virtual image can be formed at the other near viewing distance. Furthermore, by adding different lenses before and after the near lens 35, a composite focal length corresponding to near viewing distances other than 300 mm and 400 mm can be obtained.

(Second embodiment)
Next, an optotype display device 2A according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The optotype display device 2A according to the second embodiment has the following features except that the housing 21 is provided with an elbow rest part (placing part) 27 on which the elbow or arm of the subject is placed and a grip part 28 which is held by the subject. , has the same external configuration as the optotype display device 2 of the first embodiment. Therefore, detailed descriptions of the same configurations as in the first embodiment will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 9, the optotype display device 2A according to the second embodiment includes a housing 21, a base 22, a vertical movement mechanism 23, a control section 24, and the like. The housing 21 has a window 25 provided with a filter 26, and the inside of the housing 21 accommodates an optotype presenting optical system 30 similar to the first embodiment or its modification shown in FIG. 1 etc. . However, the optotype presentation optical system of the optotype display device 2A according to the second embodiment is not limited to these, and may have any configuration as long as it can present the optotype to the eye E to be examined. Good too.

In the second embodiment, an elbow rest 27 is provided below the window 25 and in front of the housing 21, on which the subject places his or her elbow. There are products in the past that are provided with an elbow rest 27, but in this case, the elbow rest 27 is fixedly provided. In this embodiment, the height of the elbow rest 27 can be changed by changing the position of the elbow rest 27 in the mounting height direction.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, a pair of gripping parts 28 are provided on both sides of the housing 21 to be gripped by the subject. The grip portion 28 is constituted by a bar-shaped handle that extends in the vertical direction so that the grip portion 28 can be gripped at any position in the vertical direction.

Note that in this embodiment, a pair of gripping parts 28 are provided in order to further improve stability during gripping, but the configuration is not limited to this. The grip portion 28 may be provided only on one side of the housing 21, allowing space saving. Furthermore, although both the arm rest 27 and the grip 28 are provided in this embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and only one of them may be provided in consideration of cost, design, installation space, etc. There may be.

During optometry, there are individual differences in the height of the eye E to be examined in a sitting or standing position. In the optotype display device 2 of this embodiment, by vertically moving the housing 21 that houses the optotype presentation optical system 30 using the vertical movement mechanism 23, the optical axis L of the optotype presentation optical system 30 and the subject's eye E are aligned. You can adjust the height. By the way, during the eye examination, the subject places his/her forehead on the forehead rest part 15, for example, to fix the position of the face. This position must be maintained during the eye examination. However, since eye examination requires time, the subject may feel tired and have difficulty maintaining posture.

Therefore, the subject attempts to maintain his posture by placing his arm on the optometry table 4 or the elbow rest 27 along with his forehead placed on the forehead rest 15. However, since the optometry table 4 and the fixedly provided elbow rest 27 have a fixed height from the position where the eye to be examined E is placed, children and small people may not be able to reach the optometry table 4 with their elbows. Sometimes there isn't. On the other hand, if a large person places his or her elbow on the optometry table 4 or the like, he or she may not be able to adjust the height of the eye E to be examined without bending down. Therefore, it may be difficult to maintain the posture for a long time.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, the mounting position of the elbow rest 27 can be changed in the vertical direction. Therefore, by adjusting the height of the elbow rest 27 in accordance with the height of the elbow of the patient when the eye E is placed along the optical axis L, stability when the elbow is placed is improved. The subject is able to visually recognize the optotype O in a comfortable posture, and can maintain the posture for a long time.

Furthermore, during the eye examination, the user may grip the gripping portions 28 provided on both sides of the housing 21. Since the gripping portion 28 is a bar-shaped handle extending in the vertical direction, the subject can grip the gripping portion 28 at an optimal position in the vertical direction. In this case as well, the posture can be maintained for a long time.

Note that the optotype display device 2A of the second embodiment may also directly visually recognize the optotype O (virtual image I, image i') without interposing the optometry device main body 1 between the eye E and the eye E. . Alternatively, the optometry apparatus may include the optometry display device 2 of the second embodiment and the optometry apparatus body 1, and the optometrist O may be visually recognized through the optometry unit 10 of the optometry apparatus body 1.

Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be explained. The optotype display devices 2 and 2A of each of the embodiments and modifications described above include one optotype display section (display 31) that presents an optotype to the eye E to be examined, and one optotype display section (display 31) that displays an optotype O displayed on the optotype display section. A first optical system (distance lens 33) that forms a virtual image I at a first optometry distance from the eye E to be examined, and a lens that can be freely inserted and removed into the optical path between the optotype display section and the first optical system. A housing 21 provided with a second optical system (near lens 35), an optotype display section, a first optical system, and a second optical system, and a window section 25 for visually recognizing the optotype O. It is equipped with. When the second optical system is placed in the optical path, the first optical system and the second optical system move the visual target O from the eye E to the second optometry distance that is shorter than the first optometry distance. It is configured to form an image i' of . Further, the optometric apparatus 100 as an ophthalmological apparatus according to each of the above embodiments includes the above-described optotype display devices 2 and 2A, and a plurality of optical members 12 for correcting the visual function of the eye E. The eye examination optical system (optometry unit 10) is configured to selectively arrange the optical member 12 between the eye E to be examined and the optotype display section (display 31).

With the above configuration, the visual target O can be displayed by simply inserting and removing the second optical system into the optical path without retracting the first optical system from the optical path or changing the position of the display 31. The position can be easily switched between the first optometry distance and the second optometry distance. Therefore, it is possible to present optotypes at different optometry distances, and it is easy to switch the display of optotypes to different optometry distances, providing the optometry display devices 2 and 2A and the optometry device 100 with simple configurations. can do.

Further, if the first optometry distance is a distance viewing distance of 3 m to 6 m from the eye E to be examined, distance eye examination of the eye E to be examined can be performed with high accuracy. Further, if the second eye examination distance is a near viewing distance of 250 mm to 600 mm from the eye E to be examined, near eye examination corresponding to when viewing a book, viewing a computer, etc. can be performed with high accuracy.

Further, the first optical system (distance lens 33) and the second optical system (near lens 35) are configured from either an optical lens system consisting of at least one lens or a concave reflecting mirror. By doing so, it is possible to provide the optometry display devices 2 and 2A and the optometry device 100 that have a simple configuration and can save space.

Further, in the first embodiment, the second optical system (near lens 35) is configured to be movable along the optical axis L while being inserted into the optical path. With this configuration, the second optometry distance at which image i' is formed can be easily set to a desired distance by simply moving the second optical system, and the optical system can be simplified. Become.

In the modified example, the second optical system (near lens 35) includes a plurality of optical members (near lenses 35a to 35d) having different focal lengths, and each optical member is connected to an optotype display section (display 31). and the first optical system (distance lens 33). Thereby, the second eye examination distance can be easily changed within a predetermined range, and near vision eye examination can be performed at various second eye examination distances.

Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments and modifications, the optotype for distance optometry and the optotype for near vision are displayed using the same optotype display unit (display 31), so the optotype display device Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost and space of the 2, 2A and the optometry apparatus 100. In addition, since there is no need to arrange an optotype for near vision testing between the eye E to be examined and the window part 25, the distance from the eye E to be examined to the window part 25 is the second optometry distance, more specifically. can be set shorter than the near viewing distance. Therefore, further space saving can be achieved.

In addition, in each of the above embodiments and modifications, the imaging magnification by the second optical system is a reduction magnification, so that, for example, when an optotype display unit (display 31) consisting of an electronic display device is used, Since the pixel pitch is reduced by the second optical system, a fine image i' can be formed, and a suitable optotype for near vision examination can be obtained.

In this case, the control unit 24 is provided with a control unit 24 that generates an image of the optotype O and displays it on the display surface 31a of the optotype display unit (display 31), and the control unit 24 includes a second optical system disposed in the optical path. It is desirable that the size of the optotype O displayed on the display surface 31a be changed and displayed according to the second optometry distance. As a result, even if the optotype O is reduced by the second optical system, the subject can observe an image of the optotype O with a size suitable for near vision optometry, and it is possible to perform near vision optometry with high accuracy. I can do it.

In addition, regardless of the configuration of the optotype presentation optical system, the ophthalmologic apparatus includes an optotype display section (display 31) that presents an optotype to the eye E, and a window that accommodates the optotype display section and that visually recognizes the optotype O. The configuration may include a housing 21 in which a portion 25 is provided. At this time, by making the distance from the eye E to be examined to the window 25 shorter than the near viewing distance, it is possible to save space in the ophthalmological apparatus.

In addition, as in the second embodiment, a configuration in which the housing 21 has a grip part 28 on one or both sides to be gripped by the patient, or a grip part 28 on the patient side of the housing 21 and below the window part 25 may be used. In addition, if the subject has a placement part (elbow rest part 27) on which to place the arm, and if the placement part is configured to be able to change its position in the height direction, the subject can It is possible to maintain this posture for a long time. As a result, more accurate and efficient eye examination becomes possible.

Although the ophthalmologic apparatus of the present invention has been described above based on the embodiments, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the gist of the invention according to each claim. Changes and additions to the design are permitted as long as they do not deviate from the guidelines.

For example, in each of the above embodiments, the first optical system is configured with the distance lens 33 made of a plano-convex lens, etc., and the second optical system is configured with the near lens 35 made of a biconvex lens, etc. It is not limited to the configuration. The first optical system and the second optical system may be configured with a concave reflecting mirror (concave reflecting mirror). When the first optical system is a concave reflector, as in Patent Document 1, the display 31 is arranged to be inclined with respect to the optical axis of the concave reflector, and the luminous flux from the optotype displayed on the display 31 is It can be configured so that it is reflected by a concave reflecting mirror, and the reflected light beam is guided to the eye E by bending the optical path with an optical path bending mirror or the like.

Further, when the second optical system is a concave reflecting mirror, for example, when forming an image at the second optometry distance, the first reflecting mirror 32 is retracted and the second optical system is used instead. Place a concave reflector. The light beam from the optotype displayed on the display 31 can be reflected by a concave reflecting mirror and guided to the first optical system.

Further, in each of the embodiments and modifications described above, the optometry apparatus main body 1 is provided on the optometry table 4, but the configuration is not limited to this. For example, a configuration may be adopted in which the optometry apparatus main body 1 is attached to the optometry display devices 2 and 2A. In this case, the optometry device main body 1 is movably attached to the optometry display devices 2 and 2A, and the optometry device main body 1 can be moved away from the front of the window 25 or placed in front of the window 25 depending on the purpose of optometry. It is also possible to have a configuration in which the As a result, it is possible to provide an optometry device 100 that is integrated with the optometrist main body 1 and the optometry display devices 2, 2A, which has a simpler configuration and can save space.

In addition, the optometry apparatus main body 1 (optometry unit 10) is not limited to the configuration of the above-described embodiments, etc., and instead of the optometry apparatus main body 1, a glasses-type optometry examination frame that is commonly used during optometry may be used. May be used.

In addition, by adding a reflecting mirror and other optical path changing members to the optotype presentation optical system 30 of the above embodiments, etc., and bending the optical path with the optical path changing member, the height of the optotype display device can be shortened and further improved. It may also be a compact optotype display device. By placing such an optometry display device on the optometry table 4 to which the optometry device main body 1 is attached or integrating it, space can be more effectively saved.

2, 2A Visual target display device 10, 10L, 10R Optometry unit (Optometry optical system)
12, 12L, 12R Optical member 21 Housing 24 Control section 25 Window section 27 Arm rest section (placement section) 28 Grip section 31 Display (optotype display section)
33 Distance lens (first optical system)
35, 35a, 35b, 35c Near lens (second optical system)
100 Optometric equipment (ophthalmological equipment)

Claims (4)

an optotype display unit that presents an optotype to the eye to be examined;
a casing that accommodates the optotype display unit and is provided with a window for visually recognizing the optotype;
Equipped with
The optometric distance is 250 mm to 600 mm from the eye to be examined, and the distance from the eye to the window is shorter than the optometric distance ;
An optotype display device characterized in that the casing has a grip portion on one side or both sides that is gripped by a subject. an optotype display unit that presents an optotype to the eye to be examined;
a casing that accommodates the optotype display unit and is provided with a window for visually recognizing the optotype;
Equipped with
The optometric distance is 250 mm to 600 mm from the eye to be examined, and the distance from the eye to the window is shorter than the optometric distance ;
The optotype is characterized in that the casing is provided with a placing part on the subject's side below the window part, on which the subject places his arm , protruding from the casing. Display device. 3. The optotype display device according to claim 2, wherein the position of the placement unit in the height direction with respect to the housing is changeable. The optotype display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 includes a plurality of optical members for correcting the visual function of the eye to be examined, and each optical member is connected to the eye to be examined and the optotype display unit. An ophthalmological apparatus comprising: an optometry optical system selectively disposed between the ophthalmological apparatus