JP7186759B2 - 1,1-ジフルオロエテンと、トリフルオロメタンと、第3の成分と、を含む組成物 - Google Patents
1,1-ジフルオロエテンと、トリフルオロメタンと、第3の成分と、を含む組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
R-744(二酸化炭素)は不燃性であるが、動作温度がR-744の三重点よりも低いため、ULTカスケードシステムの最下段階で単独で使用することはできない。これは、システムの低圧区画内に固体二酸化炭素(ドライアイス)が形成され、阻害、コントロール不良、及び非効率な動作をもたらし得ることを意味する。
i)1,1-ジフルオロエテン(ビニリデンフルオリド、R-1132a)と、
ii)トリフルオロメタン(R-23)と、
iii)ヘキサフルオロエタン(R-116)及び/またはエタン(R-170)から選択される1つ以上の化合物と、
iv)二酸化炭素(R-744、CO2)と、を含んでもよい。
i)1,1-ジフルオロエテン(ビニリデンフルオリド、R-1132a)と、
ii)トリフルオロメタン(R-23)と、
iii)ヘキサフルオロエタン(R-116)及び/またはエタン(R-170)から選択される1つ以上の化合物と、
iv)約50重量%未満の二酸化炭素(R-744、CO2)と、を含む。
一態様において、R-1132aと、R-116と、R-23と、を含む本発明の組成物は、約11000未満、例えば約10000未満、例えば約100~約10000または約100~約7000のGWPを有する。
本発明の三元組成物の動作は、一定範囲の三元組成物における容量冷却能力、COP、圧縮器圧力比、圧縮器吐出温度、及び沸点圧を列挙する、以下の表2~6に提供される。表の座標はR-23及びR-1132aの重量パーセントでの含有量であり、R-116はその差異によって暗示されている。
本発明の三元組成物の動作は、一定範囲の三元組成物における容量冷却能力、COP、圧縮器圧力比、圧縮器吐出温度、及び沸点圧を列挙する、以下の表10~13に提供される。表の座標は、R-23及びR-170の重量パーセントでの含有量であり、R-1132aの含有量はその差異によって暗示されている。
本発明の三元組成物の動作は、一定範囲の三元組成物における動作特性を列挙する、以下の表15~18に提供される。R-508Aに対する組成物の能力及び動作係数対R-23濃度のプロットが、図1及び2に示される。
Claims (48)
- i)1,1-ジフルオロエテン(ビニリデンフルオリド、R-1132a)と、
ii)トリフルオロメタン(R-23)と、
iii)1~30重量%のエタン(R-170)と、を含む組成物。 - 1~98重量%のR-1132aを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 35~95重量%のR-1132aを含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 上記成分から本質的になる、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物は、単独のR-1132aよりも可燃性が低い、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、単独のR-1132aと比較して、
a.より高い可燃限界、
b.より高い点火エネルギー、及び/または
c.より低い火炎速度
を有する、請求項5に記載の組成物。 - 不燃性である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、周囲温度で不燃性である、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、60℃で不燃性である、請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 蒸発器または凝縮器内で10K未満の温度勾配を有する、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 蒸発器または凝縮器内で5K未満の温度勾配を有する、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 0℃超の臨界温度を有する、請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 10℃超の臨界温度を有する、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- その容積冷凍能力が、同等のサイクル条件で、R-508の容積冷凍能力の少なくとも90%である、請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- その圧縮器吐出温度が、同等のサイクル条件で、R-508の圧縮器吐出温度の15K以内である、請求項1~14のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 潤滑剤と、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の組成物と、を含む組成物。
- 前記潤滑剤が、鉱物油、シリコーン油、ポリアルキルベンゼン(PAB)、ポリオールエステル(POE)、ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)、ポリアルキレングリコールエステル(PAGエステル)、ポリビニルエーテル(PVE)、ポリ(アルファ-オレフィン)、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 前記潤滑剤が、PAG又はPOEから選択される、請求項17に記載の組成物。
- 安定剤と、請求項1~18のいずれかに記載の組成物と、を含む、組成物。
- 前記安定剤が、ジエン系化合物、ホスフェート、フェノール化合物、及びエポキシド、ならびにこれらの混合物から選択される、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 難燃剤と、請求項1~20のいずれかに記載の組成物と、を含む、組成物。
- 前記難燃剤が、トリ-(2-クロロエチル)-ホスフェート、(クロロプロピル)ホスフェート、トリ-(2,3-ジブロモプロピル)-ホスフェート、トリ-(1,3-ジクロロプロピル)-ホスフェート、ジアンモニウムホスフェート、様々なハロゲン化芳香族化合物、酸化アンチモン、三水和アルミナ、ポリ塩化ビニル、フッ素化ヨードカーボン、フッ素化ブロモカーボン、トリフルオロヨードメタン、パーフルオロアルキルアミン、ブロモ-フルオロアルキルアミン、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項21に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含有する伝熱装置。
- 前記伝熱装置が、冷凍装置である、請求項23に記載の伝熱装置。
- 前記伝熱装置が、超低温冷凍システムを含む、請求項23または24に記載の伝熱装置。
- 前記伝熱装置が、カスケードシステムを含む、請求項23~25のいずれかに記載の伝熱装置。
- 噴霧される材料と、請求項1~22のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む噴射剤と、を含む、噴霧可能な組成物。
- 物品を冷却する方法であって、請求項1~22のいずれかに記載の組成物を凝縮することと、その後、冷却される前記物品の付近で前記組成物を蒸発させることと、を含む、方法。
- 物品を加熱する方法であって、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を、加熱される前記物品の付近で凝縮することと、その後、前記組成物を蒸発させることと、を含む、方法。
- バイオマスから物質を抽出する方法であって、請求項1~22のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む溶媒にバイオマスを接触させることと、前記溶媒から前記物質を分離することと、を含む、方法。
- 物品を洗浄する方法であって、請求項1~22のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む溶媒に前記物品を接触させることを含む、方法。
- 水溶液から、または微粒子固体マトリックスから材料を抽出する方法であって、請求項1~22のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む溶媒に前記水溶液または前記微粒子固体マトリックスを接触させることと、前記溶媒から前記材料を分離することと、を含む、方法。
- 請求項1~22のいずれかに記載の組成物を含有する、機械的動力発生装置。
- ランキンサイクルまたはその修正を使用して熱から仕事を発生するように適合された、請求項33に記載の機械的動力発生装置。
- 伝熱装置を改造する方法であって、既存の伝熱組成物を除去するステップと、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を導入するステップと、を含む、方法。
- 前記伝熱装置が、冷凍装置である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記伝熱装置が、超低温冷凍システムである、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記冷凍システムが、区画を-70℃未満まで冷却する、請求項36または37に記載の方法。
- 前記冷凍システムが、区画を-80℃未満まで冷却する、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 既存の化合物または組成物を含む製品の動作から生じる環境影響を低減する方法であって、前記既存の化合物または組成物を、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の組成物と少なくとも部分的に置換することを含む、方法。
- 温室効果ガス排出権を生み出す方法であって、(i)既存の化合物または組成物を、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の組成物と置換することであって、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の前記組成物は、前記既存の化合物または組成物よりも低いGWPを有し、(ii)前記置換ステップのための温室効果ガス排出権を取得することと、を含む、方法。
- 本発明の前記組成物の使用が、前記既存の化合物または組成物の使用によって達成されるものと比べて、より低い総等価温暖化影響、及び/またはより低いライフサイクルカーボン産生をもたらす、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 空調、冷凍、伝熱、エアロゾールまたは噴霧可能な噴射剤、ガス誘電体、火炎抑制、溶媒、洗剤、局所麻酔剤、及び拡張用途の分野の製品で実施される、請求項41または42に記載の方法。
- 前記製品が、伝熱装置、噴霧可能な組成物、溶媒、または機械的動力発生装置から選択される、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記製品が、伝熱装置である、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記製品が、超低温冷凍システムである、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記既存の化合物または組成物が、伝熱組成物である、請求項41~46のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記伝熱組成物が、R-508A、R-508B、R-23、及びR-13B1から選択される冷媒である、請求項47に記載の方法。
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