JP7170142B2 - 3d金属印刷方法およびかかる方法のための装置 - Google Patents
3d金属印刷方法およびかかる方法のための装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 51
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/002—Devices involving relative movement between electronbeam and workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0019—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/009—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with infrared radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
- H05B3/0038—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications
- H05B3/0061—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications for metal treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/70—Recycling
- B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Description
Claims (14)
- 出発材料としての金属粉末または金属フィラメントから立体金属製品を作成する3D金属印刷プロセスであって、
出発材料の層を先に作成された層それぞれに適用し、該層の所定の地点を該粉末の焼結または溶融温度を超えて選択的に局所加熱し、溶融地点を下にある層と焼結または融合し、任意に該地点をアニーリングすることによって、該粉末または該フィラメントが一層ずつ構築され、
少なくとも新たに適用されたそれぞれの出発材料層が、少なくとも5mm2より広い面積を有する放射スポットが該出発材料層の表面上に形成されるような大きい面積にわたって、パワー密度が1MW/m2より高いIR放射を照射することによって予熱に続いて選択的局所加熱され、および/または選択的局所加熱によって同時に加熱され、および/または選択局所加熱に続いて後処理されて熱応力が均等化される、
3D金属印刷プロセス。 - 前記新たに適用された出発材料層の予熱および前記選択的局所加熱中の追加の加熱が行われるような形で、IR放射の面照射が行われ、所定の温度範囲が所定の期間維持される、請求項1に記載の3D金属印刷プロセス。
- 前記IR放射が、前記それぞれの出発材料層の表面全体の部分区画へと部分ごとに連続的に照射され、該部分区画が、形成される前記金属製品の少なくとも1つの横方向寸法に対応する長さの、狭い長方形の形状を有する、請求項1または2に記載の3D金属印刷プロセス。
- 2900Kから3200Kの範囲のラジエータ温度での、少なくとも1つのハロゲンラジエータの放射が、IR放射として使用される、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の3D金属印刷プロセス。
- リフレクタを伴う1つを超えるロッド状のIRエミッタを使用して、細い長方形の放射スポットが作成される、請求項4に記載の3D金属印刷プロセス。
- 所定の地点の前記選択的局所加熱が、前記出発材料層を電子ビームで走査することによって行われる、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の3D金属印刷プロセス。
- 堆積された各原材料層が、少なくとも150μmより大きい厚さを有し、厚さ全体を通して前記IR放射によって加熱される、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の3D金属印刷プロセス。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法を実施するための装置であって、
前記立体金属製品を一層ずつ構築する基礎としての作業台と、
金属粉末の出発材料層または出発材料フィラメントを該作業台のエリア内で連続的に適用する粉末適用デバイスと、
パワー密度が1MW/m2より高い前記IR放射によって、少なくとも5mm2より広い面積を有する放射スポットを生成するIR照射デバイスを備える、予熱または熱的後処理のためにそれぞれの新しい出発材料層を表面加熱する表面加熱デバイスと、
該新しい出発材料層の所定の地点を、該金属粉末の焼結または溶融温度を超えて選択的に局所加熱する手段と、
を備える、装置。 - 出発材料の予め適用された層の所定の地点を選択的に局所加熱する前記手段が、電子放射を前記所定の地点に逐点照射する電子ビーム発生器を備え、前記装置が高真空になる真空チャンバ内に配置される、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記IR照射デバイスが、リフレクタを伴う少なくとも1つのIR照射器を備え、該リフレクタは、そのまたはそれぞれの赤外線照射器の放射が前記作業台の方向で集束され、少なくとも5mm2より広い面積を有する前記放射スポットが、出発材料の最後の層上に形成されるように関連して形成される、請求項8または9に記載の装置。
- リフレクタを伴う前記IR照射器または複数のIR照射器が、XY平面の少なくとも1つの軸方向で前記作業台の上方に移動可能に搭載される、請求項10に記載の装置。
- ハロゲンラジエータが、2900Kから3200Kの範囲のラジエータ温度で動作するように設計される、請求項10または11に記載の装置。
- 前記IR照射デバイスが、作成される前記金属製品の少なくとも1つの寸法に対応する長さの、少なくとも1つのロッド状のIRラジエータを備え、該IRラジエータをXY平面の正確に1つの軸方向で移動させるデバイスを備える、請求項10から12のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 制御出力を介して前記表面加熱デバイスおよび選択的局所加熱を行う前記手段に接続され、新たな出発材料層において所定の期間、所定の温度範囲内の温度が維持されるように、加熱制御プログラムにしたがって、前記表面加熱デバイスおよび前記手段を制御する、加熱制御デバイスを備える、請求項9から13のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
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DE102018120015.3A DE102018120015A1 (de) | 2018-08-16 | 2018-08-16 | 3D-Metalldruckverfahren und Anordnung für ein solches |
DE102018120015.3 | 2018-08-16 | ||
PCT/DE2019/100723 WO2020035109A1 (de) | 2018-08-16 | 2019-08-09 | 3d-metalldruckverfahren und anordnung für ein solches |
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EP (1) | EP3837070A1 (ja) |
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JP6901722B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-30 | 2021-07-14 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 流体加熱器、流体制御装置、および流体加熱器の製造方法 |
DE102020112719A1 (de) * | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-11 | Pro-Beam Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Verfahren sowie Anlage zum Bearbeiten eines pulverförmigen Werkstoffes zur additiven Herstellung eines Werkstücks |
US11925981B2 (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2024-03-12 | Arcam Ab | Method, apparatus and control unit for selectively sintering a powder layer in additive manufacturing processes to achieve a future, desired heat conductivity |
CN113591300B (zh) * | 2021-07-29 | 2024-03-15 | 深圳市创想三维科技股份有限公司 | 3d打印文件的生成方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质 |
CN114851549B (zh) * | 2022-05-14 | 2024-01-26 | 重庆理工大学 | 一种选择性激光烧结成形的产品制造方法 |
CN115229206B (zh) * | 2022-07-20 | 2023-07-21 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 电子束选区熔化3d打印零件的方法、存储介质和电子设备 |
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2018
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- 2019-08-09 WO PCT/DE2019/100723 patent/WO2020035109A1/de unknown
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DE102007059865A1 (de) | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus pulverförmigem, metallischen Werkstoff |
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JP2021535963A (ja) | 2021-12-23 |
US20210178487A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
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WO2020035109A1 (de) | 2020-02-20 |
CN112839758A (zh) | 2021-05-25 |
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