JP7160226B1 - ディーゼルエンジン - Google Patents
ディーゼルエンジン Download PDFInfo
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- JP7160226B1 JP7160226B1 JP2022504561A JP2022504561A JP7160226B1 JP 7160226 B1 JP7160226 B1 JP 7160226B1 JP 2022504561 A JP2022504561 A JP 2022504561A JP 2022504561 A JP2022504561 A JP 2022504561A JP 7160226 B1 JP7160226 B1 JP 7160226B1
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 446
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 216
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100379079 Emericella variicolor andA gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F02D19/082—Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
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Abstract
Description
(参考例)上記装置条件の下、燃料として重油100%、すなわちアンモニアを混合させない燃料とし、燃料油の噴射時期を上死点TDCに対して-9.5、空気過剰率を3.2となるように給気圧力を設定し、その時のNOx濃度、未燃アンモニア比率を算出した。その結果は図2の表のとおりであった。
4NH3+3O2=2N2+6H2O
を辿らず、素反応式上、中間生成物で留まるものでも、発熱反応によりエネルギは取り出せるためと考えられアンモニアが前式のように完全にすべて反応しなくても、熱分解反応で分解してアンモニアとして留まらず未燃アンモニアとならないことが推定される。つまり、アンモニアと燃料油との混合比率を可変とし、その比率に最適な空気過剰率になるよう制御を行うが、アンモニア混合比率を高めるほど空気過剰率を下げ、特にアンモニア混合比率が65%以上のものにおいては、通常は燃料油を完全燃焼させるのに必要な空気過剰率1.0より下げる、即ちアンモニアの熱分解反応の促進を優先させるために空気過剰率を1.0以下とすることが未燃アンモニアを抑制するためには必要な条件となる。
10A…エンジン燃焼室
12…ピストン
14…シリンダヘッド
16…給気弁
18…排気弁
20…給気管
20A…給気ポート
22…排気管
24…燃焼噴射弁
30…燃料油ライン
32…燃料油タンク
34…燃料供給ポンプ
36…電磁弁
38…燃料油噴射制御装置
60…給排気系
62…給気ライン
64…過給機
64A…排気タービン
64B…給気タービン
66…排気ライン
68…排気バイパス弁
80…アンモニアライン
82…アンモニアタンク
84…ガス遮断弁
86…ガス調圧弁
88…ガス弁(アンモニア噴射弁)
90…アンモニアガス弁制御装置
100…統括制御装置
102…油流量計
104…油流量演算器
106…アンモニア流量計
108…アンモニア流量演算器
110…アンモニア混合比率演算器
120…給気圧力演算器
122…給気圧力センサ
130…アンモニア圧力センサ
132…アンモニア温度センサ
Claims (8)
- 燃焼室と、前記燃焼室内に点火源となる燃料油とガス状のアンモニアとを投入する燃料投入手段とを有し、前記燃料投入手段により前記燃焼室内に投入される燃料油とガス状のアンモニアとにより前記燃焼室内でアンモニア予混合気を形成して混合燃焼させるディーゼルエンジンであって、
アンモニアを含む燃料全体に対するアンモニアの熱量比率である アンモニア混合比率を互いに異なる複数の値に設定可能な設定手段と、
給気圧力を、 前記設定手段で設定される前記アンモニア混合比率の値に対応付けられた前記投入手段で投入される燃料油及びアンモニアの総和における空気過剰率値と、所定の負荷率とに基づいて決定される給気圧力値となるように制御する制御手段を有し、
前記設定手段で設定される前記アンモニア混合比率の値は、15%以上85%以下の間で設定されるものであって、
前記制御手段は、
前記設定手段で設定される前記複数の値の内、第1の値として前記アンモニア混合比率の値が15%以上25%以下の値に設定された場合には、前記給気圧力を、前記空気過剰率値を燃料油のみによる運転時の空気過剰率値に対して1.0から1.5低くする値として対応付けられた第1の空気過剰率値と前記所定の負荷率とに基づいて決定される前記給気圧力値となるように制御し、
前記設定手段で設定される前記複数の値の内、前記第1の値とは異なる第2の値として前記アンモニア混合比率の値が65%以上の値に設定された場合には、前記給気圧力を、前記空気過剰率値を1.0以下の値として対応付けられた第2の空気過剰率値と前記所定の負荷率とに基づいて決定される前記給気圧力値となるように制御 することを特徴とするディーゼルエンジン。 - 前記制御手段は、 前記設定手段で設定される前記アンモニア混合比率の値が、前記第1の値から前記第2の値として前記第1の値よりアンモニア混合比率が高い値に変更された場合、前記給気圧力を、前記第1の前記空気過剰率値から、前記第1の前記空気過剰率値よりも小さい値として対応付けられた第2の前記空気過剰率値と前記所定の負荷率とに基づいて決定される前記給気圧力値となるように制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のディーゼルエンジン。
- 前記給気圧力の制御は、過給機の排気バイパスに設けられた調整手段による空気量の調整により行うことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のディーゼルエンジン。
- 前記アンモニアの投入は、燃焼室入側の給気ポートに対してアンモニアを噴射することにより行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載のディーゼルエンジン。
- 前記アンモニアの投入は、燃焼室内にアンモニアを直接噴射することにより行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載のディーゼルエンジン。
- 前記設定手段により設定されたアンモニア混合比率の値に基づき、燃料油の流量及びアンモニアの流量をそれぞれ制御する流量制御手段と、
前記流量制御手段で調整された燃料油の流量及びアンモニアの流量をそれぞれ演算又は検出する流量演算手段と、
前記流量演算手段の演算結果からアンモニアの混合比率を演算する混合比率演算手段と、
前記設定手段で設定されたアンモニア混合比率の値もしくは前記混合比率演算手段で演算して得られた前記アンモニア混合比率の値のいずれかに対応する空気過剰率値を出力する空気過剰率出力手段と、
負荷率を検出する負荷率検出手段と、
空気過剰率毎に、前記負荷検出手段で検出される負荷率と前記負荷率に対応する給気圧力の値を対応付けたテーブルを複数有するテーブル記憶手段と、
前記空気過剰率出力手段から出力される空気過剰率値に基づき前記テーブル記憶手段の中から選択されるテーブルを用いて、前記負荷率検出手段で検出された負荷率に対応する給気圧力の値を決定する給気圧力決定手段と、
前記給気圧力決定手段で決定した給気圧力の値になるように空気量を制御する手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載のディーゼルエンジン。 - 前記テーブル記憶手段に記憶されるテーブルは、空気過剰率値毎に任意の負荷率に対して対応する給気圧力の値を決定可能な曲線データに対応する値を記憶したものであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のディーゼルエンジン。
- 前記テーブル記憶手段に記憶されるテーブルは、空気過剰率値毎に所定の負荷率に対して対応する給気圧力の値を決定可能なルックアップテーブルであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のディーゼルエンジン。
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