JP7133607B2 - blade motor - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a blade motor in which a blade, which is a blade of a propeller, is provided with a rotating mechanism and the blade itself rotates independently.

A direct current is used as a power source, permanent magnets are installed so as to face the N pole and the S pole, and an electromagnet is provided in which a coil is wound in one direction around a rotatable iron core between them. A commutator segment divided into equal parts is attached to each end of the coil. When a brush is brought into contact with the commutator segment and a current is passed through it, magnetic poles are generated at both ends of the iron core, and the commutator becomes an electromagnet. Electromagnets reverse their polarity when the direction of current flow changes. Using this phenomenon, when an electric current is applied from a power source to the electromagnet sandwiched between the two poles of the permanent magnet, the attraction and repulsion of the magnet occur, causing it to rotate in either direction. However, since the commutator segments are attached in a split state, there occurs a state in which current cannot be passed through the brushes at the split points. When the force to rotate is large, the commutator bar passes the dividing point and comes into contact with the next brush in the direction of rotation. Then, the current flows to the electromagnet from the commutator bar on the side opposite to the one through which the current first flows, switching the electromagnetic poles. It is rotated by this continuous action. The brushes and commutator have the role of automatically switching the electrodes during rotation. If the force to rotate is small and the brush stops at the split point of the commutator segment, a short circuit will occur and current will not flow to the electromagnet, resulting in a dead point where no rotating force is generated. This dead point is used to enable continuous rotation. Current shaft-output type blower and lift motors have arc-shaped permanent magnets or electromagnets inside a cylinder used as a yoke called a motor case made of iron with a small circumference, and bearings on both ends. It incorporates a rotating shaft held by When a current is applied from the power supply, it flows through the commutator brushes fixed to the case, the commutator installed on the rotating shaft, and the multiple electromagnets on the rotating shaft, generating electromagnetic poles, which are the magnetic poles of permanent magnets or electromagnets. , the state of attraction and repulsion occurs and it rotates. Electrodes on the rotating shaft are switched automatically by brushes and commutators for continuous rotation. A blade is fixed to one end of the output shaft. It is horizontally long because it needs a rotating shaft.

This had the following drawbacks.
In a shaft-output type motor, all the rotating mechanisms are built into a cylinder with a small circumference, and the blades are rotated by the rotating shaft. It was difficult to increase the rotation mechanism in the small cylinder to obtain the force and lift, and it was necessary to increase the size and weight. Especially in the case of a lift motor that uses a battery as a power source, the amount of power that can be used is limited, so how to make it lighter, thinner, and more power-saving, and how to operate it with high efficiency is a big issue. be.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to eliminate the drawbacks as described above.

A rotating shaft is not required, and a blade (5) is provided with a rotating mechanism to allow the blade (5) itself to rotate independently. It consists of an outer ring (1), an inner ring (3), a rotating table (6), a blade (5), a commutator brush table (36) and a fulcrum shaft (43), and a motor is installed outside the outer ring (1). A pedestal fixing bracket (26) is provided and fixed to the motor installation pedestal (49). An outer end bracket (44) is provided inside the inner ring (3). The turntable (6) has a bearing (34) fitted in the center and an inner end bracket (32) provided outside the base. The outer end of the blade is screwed to the inner ring (3), and the inner end is screwed to the inner end bracket (32) . ). An electromagnet (2) is provided inside the outer ring (1). A rare metal permanent magnet (4) is installed outside the inner ring (3). The commutator brush base (36) is provided with a housing (10) for housing the commutator brushes (37, 38) by integral molding with an insulating board (18) having a fulcrum shaft insertion opening (7) in the center. Slip rings (8, 9) for passing brush current are fixed to the part with an adhesive and fixed to the turntable (6) with screws. The fulcrum shaft (43) has a flange (15) at one end, a threaded (46) at one end, a bracket groove (16), a brim-shaped disk (17) and an insertion stopper step (22) by cutting. prepare. One end of the flange (15) is screwed to the motor mounting base (49). The slip ring brush holder brackets (24, 25) of the slip ring brushes (39, 40) are fixed in the grooves. An insulating disk (18) is fixed to the brim-shaped disk (17) with an adhesive, and a commutator segment (19) is fixed with an adhesive. With this structure, the blade assembly (23) can rotate freely by inserting the fulcrum shaft (43) into the blade assembly rotating base bearing (34) and fixing the bearing (34) with the lock nut (33). The switching of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet (2) uses commutation. The slip ring brushes (39, 40) and the slip rings (8, 9) are provided to constantly energize the rotating commutator brushes (37, 38) because the installation of permanent magnets and electromagnets is opposite to that of the shaft output type. . The outer ring (1) and the blade assembly (23) are installed with an equal gap so that they do not come into contact during rotation.
The present invention is a blowing/lifting bladed motor having no rotary shaft and having the above configuration.

In order to increase the output, two rings are installed with the magnets installed in opposite directions, eliminating the need for a rotating shaft and using a slip ring to transmit power to the rotating commutator brushes, so the length of the blades can be freely adjusted. It can be set, and it is possible to increase the number of installed magnets. In the shaft output type, the moment of inertia is small because the rotational force is generated from the horizontal and small circumference, and when the rotation increases, the tip of the blade is not fixed, so the tip warps and the output loss occurs. It was. With the blade type, this situation does not occur because both ends of the blade are fixed. The rotational force is generated not from the center of the blade, but at the outer edge of the blade, and the weight of the ring and the weight of the installed magnet combine to generate rotational force from a large circumference, so a large moment of inertia can be obtained. be. A comparison of the shaft output type and the blade type is as follows. As a result, high output can be achieved by eliminating the need for a rotating shaft. If the output of the blade type is replaced by a shaft output type, and a motor that produces the same amount of output is produced, the weight of the motor will be considerably heavy. Although long, the blade type has a short fulcrum shaft length. It can be made quite thin.
(3) Electric power saving Rotational force is generated at the center of the blade in the case of the shaft output type, and at the outer end of the blade in the case of the blade type. The blade of the shaft output type is rotated by the rotating shaft, while the blade type is rotated from the outer end of the blade. Then, a large rotational moment of inertia is generated, and power consumption is reduced. In the shaft output type, the moment of inertia of the blade is small and a large power consumption is constantly required during rotation. In the blade type, the rotational force output point is far from the center point, and the magnetic attraction and repulsion of the ferromagnetic rare metal magnetic force makes the rotational energy efficiency of the blade type much higher, enabling high output and power saving.
Problems with battery-powered ventilation and lift motors can also be improved.

1 is a plan view of a blade assembly of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a blade assembly of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a brush bed of the present invention; FIG. It is a brush stand side view of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view of the spring brush holder bracket of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a spring brush holder of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a commutator brush cover of the present invention; FIG. It is a fulcrum shaft side view of the present invention. It is a fulcrum shaft perspective view of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a side view of the rotating part assembly of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of the rotating part of the present invention; It is a wiring diagram of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view of a turntable of the present invention; FIG. It is a turntable sectional view of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view of a motor assembly according to the present invention; FIG.

The magnetic pole conversion method of the electromagnet is described.
In the text, it is assumed that the commutator brushes are stored in the storage unit. In an electromagnet, if a coil is wound around an iron core and a positive or negative current is applied to both ends of the coil, one of the magnetic poles will be generated at both ends of the core. Become. A commutator brush and a commutator are used to commutate the positive and negative currents. The electromagnets are sequentially wired in series via the divided commutator segments, but the commutator brushes are wired in parallel. Assuming that the current flows from the + pole to the - pole, the current flows from the + pole coil end to the - pole coil end. occurs in contact between the commutator brush and the two commutator bars. The electromagnet magnetized in the contact state of the commutator brush and the commutator bar will generate a short-circuit condition if the commutator brush moves and contacts two commutator bars with the next one in the direction of rotation. It becomes non-magnetized, but as the commutator brush moves, it exits the two-piece contact state, and at the same time, it flows from the + pole side to the - pole side as viewed from the electromagnet via the next commutator piece in the rotation direction. The current flowing from the negative pole side to the positive pole side this time remagnetizes the non-magnetized electromagnet, but since the current flows in the opposite direction, the magnetization is reversed. The polarity was automatically changed between the commutator brushes and the commutator bars. This is commutation.

Utilizing this phenomenon, an outer ring (1), an inner ring (3), a turntable (6), blades (5), a commutator brush base (36), and a fulcrum shaft (43) are constructed, and four poles and nine Using a slot as a model, the length of the blade (5), the thickness of the magnet installed, etc. are taken into account, and the outer ring (1) and the inner ring (3) are made of a magnetizable flat iron material or the like. On the outside of the outer ring (1), a motor installation pedestal fixing bracket (26) is provided and fixed to the motor installation pedestal (49), and on the inside, a plurality of electromagnets (2) are screwed and installed on the ring at equal intervals. The inner ring (3) has an even number of permanent magnets (4) mounted on the outer side of the ring at equal intervals by screws, and a plurality of outer end brackets (44) provided on the inner side. The turntable (6) is a thick disc with a rotation bearing (34) in the center, fixed with a snap ring (47), and a plurality of inner end brackets (32) on the outer periphery with equal gaps. The outer ends of both blades (5) are fixed inside the inner ring (3), and the inner ends are fixed to the inner end brackets (32) of the turntable (6). An inner ring (3), a turntable (6), and blades (5) constitute a collective blade assembly (23). The commutator brush base (36) is composed of an insulating disc (12) having a fulcrum shaft insertion opening (7) in the center and a distortion preventing disc (14). An even number of commutator brush housings (10) are provided in a cylindrical shape integrally made of material, and slip rings (8, 9) for passing two brush currents are fixed to the flat surface of the disk with an adhesive. The anti-distortion plate (14) is used when screwing the insulating plate (12) to the blade assembly rotary base (6), and is fixed to the insulating plate (12) with an adhesive. The commutator brush base (36) is screwed to the turntable (6) so that it can rotate together with the blade assembly (23).

The fulcrum shaft (43) is made of metal and is produced by cutting. One end of both ends is screwed to the motor installation base (49) as a flange (15), and one end is threaded (46). . The fulcrum shaft main body (43) is provided with a brim-shaped disk (17), a slip ring brush holder bracket fixing groove (16), and a step (22) for preventing insertion with the turntable (6). An insulating disc (18) is fixed with an adhesive to the flange-shaped disc (17) side of threading, and a commutator segment (19) is fixed to the insulating disc (18) with an adhesive. A slip ring brush holder (28) for housing two electrode brushes (39, 40) made of insulating material is screwed on the shaft on the flange (15) side. The brush holder brackets (24, 25) are fixed by making a shape having arms (25) with surfaces that can be fixed, one of which has a joint (24) for screw fixing. The turntable bearing (34) is held by an insertion stopper step and a lock nut (33) to allow the blade assembly (23) to rotate independently. The outer ring (1) and the blade assembly (23) are arranged concentrically with an equal gap so that they do not come into contact during rotation. Regarding the fulcrum shaft insertion and stop condition, the bearing (34) fitted to the turntable is fixed with a snap ring (47), and the inner race (48) of the bearing has a rounded fulcrum shaft insertion opening. By inserting the shaft (43), the contact surface between the stepped processed portion (22) of the fulcrum shaft and the bearing inner race (48) becomes smaller. Since the turntable (6) and the fitting bearing (34) also have a step, the diameter is the same as the diameter of the bearing inner race (48). Two washers (35) are made by using one for the insertion side (21) and the other for the lock nut (33) side. The stepped processing (22) is positioned so that a gap of about 2 mm can be secured between the tip of the protrusion of the commutator brush base (36) and the adhesive surface of the commutator (19) when the fulcrum shaft (43) is inserted into the bearing (34). prepare.

As an electric circuit, the electric circuit for transmitting power to the rotating commutator brushes (37, 38) without a rotating shaft includes two slip ring brushes ( 39, 40) and the commutator brushes (37, 38), a slip ring (8, 9) that can be energized even if it rotates and allows the brush current to flow is required. An electric circuit is completed by energizing the brushes (37, 38), the commutator (19) and the electromagnet (2). In this configuration, when considering how to install and use each member, the slip rings (8, 9) through which the brush current flows will be taken as one boundary, and the power receiving side and the power transmitting side will be described separately.

The power receiving side consists of a commutator brush base (36), a blade assembly (23), a fulcrum shaft (43) and an electromagnet (2). The commutator brush mount (36) is made of insulating material. When viewed from above, it is a hollow disk with a fulcrum shaft insertion opening (7) in the center and a cylindrical shape integrally molded with an insulating material. The inner ring (9) of the two slip rings (8, 9) made of flat copper material with a width of about 2 mm and a width of about 5 mm can be soldered from the outside of the commutator brush storage part (10). and fix with adhesive. When viewed from the side, it has a convex shape, and the commutator brushes (37, 38) are housed in the projection. If the disc is horizontal, the commutator brush housing (10) is vertical. A thin skin is provided inside the commutator brush storage part (10), and the commutator brushes (37, 38) are held by a cover (29) on the outside. This method of storing the commutator brushes (37, 38) is a method for maintaining the contact force between the commutator brushes (37, 38) and the commutator (19) as a measure against centrifugal force during rotation.

Between the slip ring inner (9) and the outer ring (8), a screw hole is required to fix the turntable (6). is provided, and the outer ring (8) is concentrically fixed with an adhesive. When fixing the blade assembly rotary base (6) and the commutator brush base (36) with countersunk screws, use a stainless steel fulcrum shaft insertion opening ( The disk (14) provided with 7) is adhered to the blade assembly rotary table (6) side of the commutator brush base insulating disk (12) with an adhesive to form a commutator brush base (36), a stainless steel disk (14), Fasten together with the spacer (31) and turntable (6). The stainless disk (14) is used to prevent distortion when screwing the insulating disk to which the two rings are fixed with an adhesive. The screw hole on the insulating board (12) side is made so that the countersunk screw head penetrates. A spacer (31) is provided between the stainless disk (14) and the turntable (6), and is necessary when passing the wiring. A countersunk screw is used on the stainless disk (14) side of the screw hole. The fulcrum shaft insertion opening (7) of the commutator brush base (36) is made with an inner diameter that does not come into contact with the fulcrum shaft (43) during rotation.

The electric wiring is a commutator brush (+ pole and - pole transmitted from the power supply) that transmits power from the slip ring brush (39, 40) to the two slip rings (8, 9) and alternately installs the + pole and - pole. 37, 38), the outer ring (8) has 2-diagonal projections on the outside, and the inner ring (9) has 2-3mm square projections so that the wires can be soldered on the inside at 2 diagonal locations. is provided. The wiring on the outer ring (8) side is made by wiring half of the commutator brushes (37, 38) on the outer periphery of the ring diagonally at equal divisions of the circumference. The soldered wiring is inserted between the blade assembly rotary base (6) and the commutator brush base stainless steel disk (14), and the wiring is passed through the gap between the spacer (31) provided for maintaining the gap and to the bottom of the commutator brush housing (10). A small hole (27) for wire passage is made in the clearance provided for soldering between the inner ring (9) and the commutator brush housing (10), and the brush lead wire is soldered. On the inner ring (9) side, solder the remaining half of the wiring inside the ring and solder it to the brush lead wire. Do the same for the diagonal. The wires soldered to the outer ring (8) are fixed to the stainless disk (14) with an adhesive so that they do not move during rotation. The commutator brushes (37, 38) store and hold the holding cover (29) by screws. The wired commutator brushes (37, 38) come into contact with the commutator segments (19), which are equally divided into a plurality of pieces and fixed with an adhesive to the fulcrum shaft (43), to transmit power to the plurality of electromagnets (2). However, wires are soldered one by one to the commutator segments (19) and connected to the electromagnets (2) that are connected in series. The electromagnet (2) has two coil ends, and the wiring from one commutator segment (19) is soldered to one of these coil ends, and the wiring of the remaining commutator segments (19) is sequentially soldered in the direction of rotation. Solder the ends of the coil.

The switching of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet (2) utilizes the commutation generated by the contact between the commutator brushes (37, 38) and the commutator bars (19). Since the commutator element (19) is made of copper material with a thickness of about 2 mm and has a sector shape, the commutator brushes (37, 38) are also produced so that the contact surface is fan-shaped. A protrusion of 2 to 3 mm square is provided on the outer side of the fan of the commutator element (19) so that wiring can be soldered. The commutator brushes (37, 38) are made smaller than the commutator bar (19) so that dead points do not occur simultaneously. The installation position of the commutator brush housing (10) is at least one dead point of the commutator bar (19), the commutator brush housing (10), the permanent magnet (4), one set of electromagnets (2 ) in a straight line.

On the power transmission side, the current transmitted from the power supply to the two brushes of the brush holder installed in the slip ring brush holder bracket (24, 25) provided on the fulcrum shaft (43) is transmitted to the two slip rings (39, 40). do it.
In the case of adhesion using adhesive, rather than simply using the adhesive on the surface, the surface to be used with the adhesive is sandblasted with coarse grains, the surface is roughened, and the adhesive is applied. Take measures against peeling to ensure good attachment. The commutator brushes and slip ring brushes shall have springs. In this configuration of the power receiving side and the power transmitting side, a slip ring is used to pass the brush current to constantly transmit power to the commutator brushes that rotate together with the blade assembly. Rotation control is performed by a current regulator (41).
The present invention has the structure described above.

1 Outer ring 2 Electromagnet 3 Inner ring 4 Permanent magnet 5 Blade 6 Rotating table 7 Fulcrum shaft insertion port 8 Slip ring outer ring 9 Slip ring inner ring 10 Commutator brush housing 11 Wiring drawer small hole 12 Brush base insulating board 13 Fixing screw hole 14 Stainless steel disk 15 Flange 16 Bracket groove 17 Flange-shaped disk 18 Commutator insulating disk 19 Commutator piece 20 Commutator brush base insertion part 21 Bearing insertion part 22 Insertion stop stepped part 23 Blade assembly 24 Slip ring brush holder bracket tightening side 25 Slip ring brush holder bracket arm side 26 Motor installation pedestal fixing bracket 27 Slip ring brush lead wire drawing hole 28 Slip ring brush holder 29 Commutator brush cover 30 Commutator brush lead wire drawing hole 31 Spacer
32 Inner end bracket
33 lock nut 34 bearing 35 washer 36 commutator brush base 37 negative pole commutator brush 38 positive pole commutator brush 39 negative pole slip ring brush 40 positive pole slip ring brush 41 current regulator 42 power supply 43 fulcrum shaft
44 Outer end bracket
45 Flange fixing bolt hole 46 Threaded 47 Snap ring 48 Bearing inner race 49 Motor installation pedestal 50 Slip ring brush holder attachment part

Claims (3)

A blade motor without a rotating shaft composed of an outer ring, a blade assembly, a commutator brush base, and a fulcrum shaft, wherein the outer ring is fixed to a motor installation pedestal , and a plurality of electromagnets are arranged inside at equal circumferential intervals. The blade assembly is composed of an inner ring, a turntable and blades, an even number of permanent magnets are installed on the outer side of the inner ring at regular intervals, and the blade ends are installed on the inner side. A plurality of fixed outer end brackets are installed with equal gaps, a bearing is fitted in the center of the turntable , and a plurality of inner end brackets for fixing the blade ends are arranged with equal gaps on the outside. wherein the outer ends of both ends of the blade are fixed to the outer end brackets of the inner ring , and the inner ends are fixed to the inner end brackets of the turntable. . The commutator brush base is composed of an insulating disc and a disc for preventing slip ring distortion , and is fixed to the rotary table . The slip ring is concentrically fixed to the flat surface of the insulating disk with equal gaps, and is fixed and integrated with the distortion prevention disk . A blade motor without a rotating shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with The fulcrum shaft is composed of an insulating disk, a slip ring brush holder bracket for storing the electrode brush, a lock nut, a brim-shaped disk, a fixing groove of the slip ring brush holder bracket , and an insertion stop, and one end of the fulcrum shaft is machined. One end with the flange is fixed to the motor installation pedestal, and the insulating board is fixed on the flange-shaped disc side of the threading process. , a plurality of commutator segments are fixed on the circumference with small equal gaps, the slip ring brush holder bracket is fixed to the shaft on the side with the flange, and the bearing is fixed by the insertion stop and the lock nut. A slip ring is provided in an electric circuit, which holds the commutator brush and allows the blade to rotate independently by providing a rotation mechanism for the blade, and for passing a brush current that allows the rotating commutator brush to constantly receive power from a power supply. A blade motor without a rotating shaft according to claim 1.

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