JP7095295B2 - エンジンの排気浄化制御装置 - Google Patents
エンジンの排気浄化制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7095295B2 JP7095295B2 JP2018016380A JP2018016380A JP7095295B2 JP 7095295 B2 JP7095295 B2 JP 7095295B2 JP 2018016380 A JP2018016380 A JP 2018016380A JP 2018016380 A JP2018016380 A JP 2018016380A JP 7095295 B2 JP7095295 B2 JP 7095295B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
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- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
- F02D41/028—Desulfurisation of NOx traps or adsorbent
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
- F01N2430/085—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing at least a part of the injection taking place during expansion or exhaust stroke
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- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Description
図1は、本実施形態のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置が適用されたエンジンシステム100の概略構成図である。
図3を用いて、エンジンシステムの制御系について説明する。本実施形態のエンジンシステム100は、主として、車両に搭載されたPCM(制御手段、パワートレイン制御モジュール)200によって制御される。PCM200は、CPU、ROM、RAM、I/F等から構成されるマイクロプロセッサである。
後述するDeNOx制御、DeSOx制御、吸着HC放出制御、およびDPF再生制御を実施しない通常運転時に実施する通常制御では、燃費性能を高めるべく、燃焼室6内の混合気の空燃比(以下、単に、混合気の空燃比という場合がある)が理論空燃比よりもリーンにされる。つまり、混合気の空気過剰率λがλ>1にされる。例えば、通常制御では、混合気の空気過剰率λはλ=1.7程度とされる。通常制御では、ポスト噴射は停止されてメイン噴射のみが実施される。
次に、NOx触媒41に吸蔵されたNOx(以下、適宜、吸蔵NOxという)をNOx触媒41から離脱および還元させて排出させてNOx触媒41を再生するための制御であるDeNOx制御について説明する。
NOx触媒41に吸蔵されたSOx(以下、適宜、吸蔵SOxという)を還元して除去するための制御であるDeSOx制御について次に説明する。
ここで、仮にDeNOx制御またはDeSOx制御の実施時にHC吸着材43からHCが多量に放出されると、DeNOx制御またはDeSOx制御によって昇温されたNOx触媒41が、放出されたHCの酸化触媒42での酸化反応によって、さらに昇温されてしまう。特に、本実施形態では、酸化触媒42、HC吸着材43およびNOx触媒41は、共通の担体43aに担持されているため、HCの酸化触媒42での酸化反応によってNOx触媒41が過度に昇温されやすい。
DPF44に捕集されたPMを除去してDPF44の浄化能力を再生するための制御であるDPF再生制御について簡単に説明する。
以上のように、本実施形態では、排気通路40に低温時にHCを吸着し高温時にHCを放出するHC吸着材43が設けられている。そのため、エンジンの冷間始動時に、エンジン本体1から排出されるHCをHC吸着材43で吸着することができ、HCの排気通路40の外部への排出を抑制できる。また、排気通路40に、酸化触媒42およびNOx触媒41が設けられており、HC、CO、NOxの排気通路40の外部への排出も抑制できる。
前記実施形態では、排気通路40の複合触媒装置148の下流側にSCR触媒46を設けた場合について説明したが、SCR触媒46は省略可能である。ただし、SCR触媒46を設けておけば、前記のように、複合触媒装置148のNOx触媒41からNOxが放出されても、これをSCR触媒46で浄化することができる。
10 インジェクタ(燃料噴射手段)
41 NOx触媒
42 酸化触媒
43 HC吸着材
47 SCR触媒
48 複合触媒装置(第1浄化触媒、第2浄化触媒)
48a 担体
200 PCM
Claims (7)
- 気筒が形成されたエンジン本体と、当該エンジン本体から排出された排気が流通する排気通路とを備え、車両に搭載されたエンジンに適用される排気浄化制御装置であって、
前記気筒内に燃料を噴射可能な燃料噴射手段と、
前記排気通路に設けられて、低温時にHCを吸着し高温時にHCを放出するHC吸着材と、HCを酸化可能な酸化触媒とを含む第1浄化触媒と、
前記排気通路に設けられて、排気中のNOxを吸蔵可能なNOx触媒を含む第2浄化触媒と、
前記NOx触媒を昇温しつつ再生するNOx触媒再生手段と、
前記HC吸着材に吸着されたHCである吸着HCの量が予め設定された基準量以上であるか否かを判定するとともに、前記吸着HCの量が前記基準量以上になったと判定すると膨張行程の前半に前記燃料噴射手段によって気筒内に燃料を噴射させて当該燃料を気筒内で燃焼させる吸着HC放出制御を実施して前記第1浄化触媒を昇温するHC制御手段とを備え、
前記HC制御手段は、車速が0付近に設定された判定車速未満の場合は前記吸着HC放出制御を禁止する、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
前記HC制御手段は、前記NOx触媒の温度が高いときの方が低いときよりも前記基準量を小さい値に設定する、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
前記HC制御手段は、前記NOx触媒の温度が所定の温度未満のときは、前記基準量を前記NOx触媒の温度によらず一定の値に設定する、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
前記NOx触媒はSOxを吸蔵可能であり、
前記NOx触媒を昇温させて当該NOx触媒に吸蔵されたSOxを当該NOx触媒から離脱させるS被毒解消手段を、さらに備える、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
前記排気通路の前記第2浄化触媒の下流側の部分に設けられて、排気中のNOxをアンモニアを用いて浄化するSCR触媒を、さらに備える、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
前記第1浄化触媒と第2浄化触媒とは共通の装置からなり、
前記HC吸着材、前記酸化触媒および前記NOx触媒は、共通の担体に担持されている、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
エンジンの運転状態に基づいて推定される気筒内から排気通路に排出される単位時間あたりのHCの量と、排気ガスの状態に応じて設定される吸着可能率と、に基づいて推定される単位時間あたりにHC吸着材に吸着されるHCの量が積算されることで、前記吸着HCの量が推定される、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。
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