JP7065629B2 - Working machine - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a working machine. In particular, the present invention relates to a rotary work machine which is attached to the rear part of a traveling machine and advances as the traveling machine moves forward while rotating a tilling rotor to cultivate a field.

Such a rotary work machine has a frame connected to the traveling machine and an apron provided at the rear of the frame and capable of descending and flipping up around a fulcrum (first fulcrum) fixed to the frame. are doing. When scraping off the soil adhering to the front part of the apron (the side facing the tiller rotor) or the tiller rotor, or replacing the tiller claws provided on the tiller rotor, keep the apron in a flipped state.

However, since the apron has a certain weight and its center of gravity is behind the fulcrum (first fulcrum), the work of flipping the apron is a heavy labor for the worker.

As described in Patent Document 1, in order to facilitate the work of flipping up the apron, an apron flip-up assist mechanism (auxiliary mechanism) that assists the flip-up force by utilizing the elastic force of the gas spring has been proposed. ing. The assist mechanism (auxiliary mechanism) described in Patent Document 1 has a gas spring provided between the side cover provided at the widthwise end of the working machine body of the rotary working machine and the widthwise end of the apron. The rod side end of the gas spring is supported so as to be movable in the vertical direction along a guide hole provided in the side cover. The assist mechanism (auxiliary mechanism) described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 is provided with an assist mechanism (auxiliary mechanism) above the shield cover that covers the upper part of the tiller rotor.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-278757 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-63367 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-97042

However, since the assist mechanism (auxiliary mechanism) described in Patent Document 1 is provided at the widthwise end of the apron, the gas spring may come into contact with an obstacle such as a ridge or a side wall during work and may be damaged. ..

Further, in the assist mechanism (auxiliary mechanism) described in Patent Document 2, the piston rod of the gas spring is exposed, and the assist mechanism (auxiliary mechanism) described in Patent Document 3 is used with the gas spring lying down. In either case, nitrogen gas may leak from the gas spring, and it is necessary to further improve the durability.

The working machine according to the embodiment of the present invention is attached to the rear part of the traveling machine, and the working machine is connected to the traveling machine in the working machine which advances along with the forward traveling of the traveling machine while rotating the tilling rotor to cultivate the field. The frame (a concept including the main frame and the shield cover; the same shall apply hereinafter) and the first fulcrum provided at the rear of the frame and fixed to the frame can be lowered and flipped up and rotated. , The center of gravity of the apron is behind the fulcrum, and the second fulcrum fixed to the frame and the third fulcrum fixed to the apron are provided between the second fulcrum and the third fulcrum. It is equipped with an assist mechanism including a gas spring that exerts a force in the direction of flipping up the apron by applying a force that changes the distance, and the gas spring is a cylinder, a piston inserted inside the cylinder, and a piston. It has a piston rod extended from, a rod guide for stabilizing the piston rod, and a free piston that can move inside the cylinder partitioned by the cylinder and the piston, and the free piston and the piston inside the cylinder. Oil is filled between the space and between the piston and the rod guide, respectively, and the assist mechanism further has a first tubular member and a second tubular member that can move on the same axis, and the first A second fulcrum and one end of the gas spring are connected to the tubular member of the above, and a third fulcrum and the other end of the gas spring are connected to the second tubular member.

In the above working machine, the assist mechanism further has a first cylindrical member and a second tubular member that can move on the same axis, and the first tubular member has a second fulcrum and a gas. It is desirable that one end of the spring is connected and the third fulcrum and the other end of the gas spring are connected to the second cylindrical member. Further, a downward opening may be present at one end of the first cylindrical member or the second tubular member on the apron side. Further, a resin collar may be interposed between the first cylindrical member and the second tubular member.

In the above working machine, it is desirable that the gas spring is configured to contract at the point where the apron is lowered.

In the above working machine, it is desirable that the assist mechanism has a locking mechanism that prevents a force that changes the distance between the second fulcrum and the third fulcrum from acting at the point where the apron is lowered. The locking mechanism has a rotatable restraining lever provided on the second tubular member, and the restraining lever closes one end of the second tubular member to form a first tubular member from the second tubular member. It may be configured to prevent the member from protruding and allow the restraining lever to allow the first tubular member to protrude from the second tubular member by opening one end of the second tubular member. .. Further, the lock mechanism includes a means for rotating the restraining lever in a direction of closing one end of the second tubular member and a means for temporarily fixing the restraining lever at a position where one end of the second tubular member is opened. You may have.

In the above working machine, the assist mechanism may include a plurality of gas springs.

According to the working machine of the present invention, it is possible to provide a working machine capable of stable assist operation and preventing deterioration of the gas spring. It is also possible to prevent the apron from suddenly jumping up when the apron is in the descending state.

It is a rear view of the working machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a side view at the time of tilling of the working machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a side view at the time of flipping up the apron of the working machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a rear view of the flip-up assist mechanism of the working machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a side view at the time of tilling of the flip-up assist mechanism of the working machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a side view at the time of flipping up the apron of the flip-up assist mechanism of the working machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the effect of the flip-up assist mechanism of the working machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, examples of the working machine of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the working machine of the present invention can be implemented in many different modes, and is not limited to the description of the examples shown below. In the drawings referred to in this embodiment, the same parts or parts having similar functions are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Further, for convenience of explanation, the terms upper (upper) and lower (lower) will be used, but the upper (upper) and lower (lower) indicate the orientation of the working machine in the working state, respectively. Similarly, although the explanation will be made using the terms front (front side) or rear (rear side), the front (front side) indicates the direction of the traveling machine that pulls the work machine with respect to the work machine, and the rear (rear side) indicates the direction of the traveling machine. The direction of the working machine with respect to the traveling machine is shown.

<Example>
The overall configuration of the working machine and the configuration of the flip-up assist mechanism (auxiliary mechanism) according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. The working machine according to the embodiment of the present invention is a working machine, such as a tilling work machine or a puddling machine, which is connected to the rear part of a traveling machine such as a tractor and cultivates or agitates soil by rotating a working claw. .. In the embodiment, the configuration of the present invention will be described using a tiller working machine as an example of the working machine, but the working machine according to the present invention may be a puddling machine, and may be a tilling working machine or a working machine other than the puddling machine. There may be.

[Structure of working machine 100]
FIG. 1 is a rear view of a working machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view of the working machine according to the embodiment of the present invention at the time of tilling. FIG. 3 is a side view of the working machine according to the embodiment of the present invention when the apron is flipped up. The working machine 100 according to the embodiment is composed of a frame (including a main frame 110 and a shield cover 120), a tiller rotor 102, an apron 130, and the like.

The main frame 110 is connected to a traveling machine such as a tractor. The main frame 110 is cylindrical and has a power transmission shaft inside. Rotational power is obtained from a traveling machine such as a tractor, and the direction of the rotation axis is changed to the left or right in the traveling direction. The power transmission shaft in the main frame 110 is connected to the chain case 105 on the side of the working machine 100, and the power is transmitted to the rotating shaft 104 of the tiller rotor 102 by the chain transmission mechanism in the chain case 105.

The tiller rotor 102 is composed of a rotary shaft 104 and a large number of tiller claws 103 provided on the rotary shaft 104. As shown in FIG. 1, a large number of tiller claws 103 are bent to the right or left in the traveling direction, and the area (width) in which each tiller claw 103 digs up soil overlaps with the adjacent claw 103. There is a love. The tiller rotor 102 rotates so as to scoop up the soil from the front to the rear in the traveling direction. As a result, soil adheres to the inside of the apron 130.

The apron 130 can be lowered and flipped up around a fulcrum 140 fixed to the shield cover 120. The center of gravity of the apron 130 is behind the fulcrum. Therefore, the apron 130 tends to descend due to its own weight. A stainless steel leveling plate 131 is welded to the tip of the apron 130. The ground plate 131 is configured to draw a loop from the inside to the outside of the apron 130. The ground preparation plate 131 flattens the field dug up by the tiller rotor 102. Movable extended ground leveling plates 132 are provided at both ends of the ground leveling plate 131. By opening the extended ground leveling plate 132, it becomes possible to level a wide range together with the ground leveling plate 131. A compression rod 142 is provided between the pedestal provided on the main frame 110 and the apron 130. The compression rod 142 functions to press the apron 130 and the ground plate 131 against the field with a constant pressure when the apron 130 is in the lowered state. The magnitude of the force acting on the compression rod 142 can be adjusted by an operator's operation. Since soil may adhere to the inside of the apron 130, the inside of the apron is covered with a rubber sheet. The inside of the shield cover is also covered with a rubber sheet.

In the embodiment, in addition to the above configuration, an apron flip-up assist mechanism (auxiliary mechanism) 141 is further provided. The apron flip-up assist mechanism (auxiliary mechanism) 141 is provided between the fulcrum 151 by the pedestal 111 provided on the main frame 110 and the fulcrum 152 by the pedestal 134 provided on the apron 130, and is provided between the fulcrum 151 and the fulcrum 152. Apply a force that changes the distance. Specifically, by shortening the distance between the two, a force is applied in the direction of flipping up the apron 130. The apron flip-up assist mechanism 141 is provided with a lock mechanism 153. This locking mechanism 153 prevents the force in the direction of shortening the distance between the fulcrum 151 and the fulcrum 152 from acting in the state where the apron 130 is lowered (FIG. 2).

[Structure of flip-up assist mechanism]
FIG. 4 is a rear view of the flip-up assist mechanism 141 of the working machine according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a side view of the flip-up assist mechanism 141 of the working machine according to the embodiment of the present invention at the time of tilling. FIG. 6 is a side view of the flip-up assist mechanism 141 of the working machine according to the embodiment of the present invention when the apron is flipped up. The flip-up assist mechanism 141 of the working machine according to the embodiment is composed of an inner cylindrical member 210, an outer tubular member 220, a gas spring 250 located therein, and the like.

[Structure of gas spring]
The gas spring 250 is composed of a cylindrical cylinder 251 that encloses a space inside, a piston 256 inserted inside the cylinder 251, a piston rod 252 extending from the piston 256, and a free piston 257. There is. A bracket 253 is provided at the tip of the piston rod 252, and a bracket 254 is provided at the tip of the cylinder 251. A rod guide 258 for stabilizing the piston rod 252 is provided near the other ends of the piston rod 252 and the cylinder 251. The free piston 257 can move inside the cylinder partitioned by the cylinder 251 and the piston 256. An O-ring made of plastic resin is fitted between the free piston and the inner wall of the cylinder 251. The first chamber 261 (the chamber on the right side of the free piston 257 in FIGS. 5 and 6) between the free piston 257 and the tip of the cylinder is filled with nitrogen. By changing the volume of nitrogen, the gas spring 250 expands and contracts like a spring, and when the distance between the brackets 253 and 254 is small, a force is applied in the direction of increasing the distance between the brackets 253 and 254. The second room 260 between the piston 256 and the free piston 257 inside the gas spring 250 (the room on the left side of the free piston 257 in FIGS. 5 and 6) and the third room 280 between the piston 256 and the rod guide 258. (The room on the left side of the piston 256 in FIGS. 5 and 6) is filled with oil. This oil prevents nitrogen from leaking out of the gas spring 250. An orifice (hole) 259 is formed in the piston 256 along the extension direction of the gas spring 250. The oil filled in the second chamber 260 and the third chamber 280 moves to each other through the orifice 259 formed in the piston 256. Specifically, as the piston rod 252 extends outward of the cylinder 251 the oil in the third chamber 280 moves to the second chamber 260 via the orifice 259, and the distance between the piston 256 and the free piston 257. Becomes wider.

[Structure of combination of inner and outer tubular members]
The flip-up assist mechanism 141 combines the inner tubular member 210 and the outer tubular member 220 in order to convert the force in the extension direction of the gas spring 250 into the force in the compression direction. The inner cylindrical member 210 and the outer tubular member 220 are movable on the same axis. A resin-made tubular collar (resin collar) (not shown) is provided between the two to prevent the generation of abnormal noise due to sliding between the inner tubular member 210 and the outer tubular member 220. The bracket 254 of the gas spring 250 is connected to the outer cylindrical member 220 by a pin 271. The pin 271 moves back and forth inside the elongated hole provided in the inner cylindrical member 210. The bracket 253 of the gas spring 250 is connected to the inner cylindrical member 210 by a pin 270. The fulcrum 151 is provided at one end of the inner tubular member, and the fulcrum 152 is provided at the outer tubular member. As a result, when the force is applied in the direction in which the gas spring 250 is extended, on the contrary, the assist mechanism exerts the force in the direction in which the distance between the fulcrum 151 and the fulcrum 152 is compressed. As a result, the apron 130 is rotated in the direction of flipping up.

On the premise of the above configuration, the gas spring 250 inside the assist mechanism 141 is arranged substantially parallel to the horizon (although there is a slight inclination), and is not arranged vertically. In a general gas spring, it is desirable to arrange the piston rod below the cylinder from the viewpoint of preventing gas leakage and deterioration of the gas spring, but according to the embodiment, the gas spring described above is used. Therefore, even if the gas spring is substantially parallel to the horizon, gas leakage and deterioration of the gas spring can be suppressed.

[Configuration of lock mechanism]
The apron flip-up assist mechanism 141 is provided with a lock mechanism 153. This locking mechanism 153 prevents the force in the direction of shortening the distance between the fulcrum 151 and the fulcrum 152 from acting when the apron 130 is lowered. As a result, the assist mechanism 141 works during tilling and the apron does not jump up. As shown in FIG. 4, the lock mechanism 153 is fixed to the outer tubular member 220, and restricts the rotation of the lock bar 230 rotating about the fulcrum 231 and the lever 240 extending from the lock bar 230, and the rotation of the lock bar 230. It is composed of a rotation control plate 233 and a rotation restricting plate 233.

When the lever 240 is tilted down, the lock bar 230 closes one end of the outer tubular member 220, thereby restricting the inner tubular member 210 from popping out. As a result, the assist mechanism does not exert a force in the direction in which the distance between the fulcrum 151 and the fulcrum 152 is compressed. When the lever 240 is tilted upward, the lock bar 230 opens one end of the outer tubular member 220, so that the inner tubular member 210 pops out. As a result, the assist mechanism exerts a force in the direction in which the distance between the fulcrum 151 and the fulcrum 152 is compressed. In this way, when plowing, the lever 240 can be tilted down to lock the operation of the assist mechanism.

[Relationship between assist operating force and apron angle]
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the assist operating force and the apron angle (results of actual measurements using a tilling work machine manufactured and sold by the applicant). When the assist mechanism does not work, the load is almost constant from the point where the apron angle (the most lowered state is 0 ° and the rotation angle is defined as the apron angle as it rotates from now on) exceeds 10 °. It is understood that it takes. On the other hand, when the assist mechanism operates, the load is reduced almost linearly from the vicinity of the apron angle of 0 °. Then, the load becomes zero at the point where the apron angle is about 60 °. In other words, from the worker's point of view, it gradually becomes lighter. Such a tendency of load is observed from the positional relationship of each fulcrum of the above embodiment. In the gas spring 250 described above, the force in the compressed state is larger than the force in the extended state, but as the fulcrum 152 approaches the fulcrum 151, the moving distance of the fulcrum 152 with respect to a predetermined rotation angle increases. According to the "principle", the opposite characteristic (the larger the apron angle, the larger the force 1 on which the assist mechanism acts) is exhibited.

[Modification 1]
In the above embodiment, a gas spring having a free piston is used, but a conventional gas spring that does not use a free piston can also be used. In this case, it is desirable that the piston rod is located below the cylinder when the apron is lowered, which is the normal state. This is because even in the conventional gas spring that does not use a free piston, the oil inside moves to the piston side by the piston rod located below the cylinder, and the leakage of nitrogen gas is prevented.

[Modification 2]
In the above embodiment, only one gas spring is shown, but a plurality of gas springs may be used. In this way, it is possible to obtain a sufficient assist force. In particular, it is desirable to use a plurality of gas springs in a large tiller or a puddling machine having a heavy apron. In this case, a plurality of assist mechanisms may be arranged at intervals in the width direction of the working machine.

[Modification 3]
In the above embodiment, an example in which only one gas spring is used in one assist mechanism is shown, but a plurality of gas springs may be used in one assist mechanism. In this way, it is possible to obtain a sufficient assist force. Further, the tubular member may be not a cylinder but an elliptical cylinder having an elliptical cross section and a square cylinder having a rectangular cross section.

[Modification 4]
In the above embodiment, the automatic locking mechanism is configured only to move the restraining lever up and down, but the restraining lever is urged to rotate in the direction of closing one end of the second tubular member, and the restraining lever is stopped. A guide shape (for example, providing a step on the guide) may be used to temporarily fix the lever at a position where one end of the second tubular member is opened. With such a configuration, the urging spring automatically locks the apron at the most lowered position. In addition, by adopting a guide shape that temporarily fixes the restraining lever to the position where one end of the second tubular member is opened, the lock is released at the position where the apron is most lowered, and the apron is flipped up with the lock released. be able to.

[Action and effect by the example]
With the above configuration, the following effects are exhibited.

First, according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the assist mechanism is not provided at the widthwise end of the apron, the gas spring may come into contact with an obstacle such as a ridge or a side wall and be damaged during the work. not. The assist mechanism is provided between the second fulcrum fixed to the frame and the third fulcrum fixed to the apron. The frame is a structural member and is already strong enough to improve durability. be able to.

Second, given the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention, the gas springs must be arranged substantially parallel to the horizon, and a general gas spring (without a free piston) leaks gas. It tends to be more likely. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the gas spring has a free piston inside, and the room between the free piston and the piston and the room between the piston and the rod guide are filled with oil, respectively. As a result, the possibility that the gas such as nitrogen filled in the tip of the free piston leaks from the gas spring is reduced, the deterioration of the gas spring is prevented, and the life of the gas spring is greatly improved. This also contributes to the reduction of maintenance cost of the working machine.

Third, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the apron is in a lowered state (that is, a state at the time of tilling. This state is maintained for a much longer time than the time in which the apron is in a jumped state). In, the piston rod of the gas spring is located below the cylinder. As a result, compared to the case where the piston rod of the gas spring is located above the cylinder, the possibility that gas such as nitrogen leaks from the gas spring is reduced, the deterioration of the gas spring is prevented, and the gas spring The life is greatly improved. This also contributes to the reduction of maintenance cost of the working machine.

Fourth, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the force required for flipping up the apron is reduced by the force acting by the assist mechanism. Furthermore, since the assist mechanism is adjusted so that the force gradually decreases within a predetermined angle range, the operator does not accidentally flip up the apron from the state where the apron is lowered in the tilled state, and it is considerably. Once the apron is flipped up to a certain angle (less than the force required when the assist mechanism is not present), it is possible to flip it up with even lighter force. That is, the force required for flipping up the apron is reduced, and the force required for flipping up is reduced as the rotation angle increases.

Fifth, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first tubular member has a first tubular member and a second tubular member that can move on the same axis, and the first tubular member has a second fulcrum and the above. From the position where one end of the gas spring is connected and the third fulcrum and the other end of the gas spring are connected to the second cylindrical member, the force is applied to the gas spring when it is expanded. It has a heavy cylinder configuration. As a result, the piston rod of the gas spring is covered with the tubular member, the surface is not contaminated, and the life of the gas spring is greatly improved. This also contributes to the reduction of maintenance cost of the working machine.

Sixth, in the embodiment of the present invention, at the time of tilling, the inner tubular member and the outer tubular member are in a state of double covering the piston rod of the gas spring. In other words, it protects the piston rod, which deteriorates depending on the surrounding environment.

Seventh, in the embodiment of the present invention, there is a downward opening (small hole) at one end (apron side) of the inner tubular member. This small opening makes it possible to drain the water accumulated in the inner tubular member.

Eighth, in the embodiment of the present invention, since the gas spring is configured to contract at the point where the apron is lowered, the surface of the piston rod of the gas spring may be contaminated during plowing, which is the longest time. It disappears and the life of the gas spring is greatly improved. This also contributes to the reduction of maintenance cost of the working machine.

Ninth, in the embodiment of the present invention, the assist mechanism has a resin collar interposed between the outer tubular member and the inner tubular member. As a result, it is possible to prevent the generation of abnormal noise when the outer cylindrical member and the inner tubular member slide.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

100: Working machine, 210: Inner tubular member, 220: Outer tubular member, 250: Gas spring, 251: Cylinder, 252: Piston rod, 256: Piston, 257: Free piston

Claims (2)

With the frame
An apron provided at the rear of the frame, capable of descending and flipping up and rotating around a first fulcrum fixed to the frame, and having its center of gravity behind the first fulcrum.
A tiller rotor placed in front of the apron,
Provided between the second fulcrum fixed to the frame and the third fulcrum fixed to the apron, and exerting a force that changes the distance between the second fulcrum and the third fulcrum. An assist mechanism including a gas spring that exerts a force in the direction of flipping up the apron,
Equipped with
The assist mechanism is further located inside the first cylindrical member and the second tubular member in which the gas spring is located on the same axis, and the second tubular member. It has a locking mechanism for preventing the first tubular member from protruding from the second tubular member.
The second fulcrum and one end of the gas spring are connected to the first cylindrical member, and the other end of the gas spring is connected to the second tubular member.
The internal space formed by the combination of the first tubular member and the second tubular member has a rectangular tubular shape with a rectangular cross section, and the gas spring having a cylindrical cylinder in the internal space is provided. Multiple pieces are arranged,
The assist mechanism gradually reduces the force required to flip up the apron within a predetermined angle range in which the apron angle increases.
The locking mechanism is a working machine characterized in that a force that changes the distance between the second fulcrum and the third fulcrum is not applied at a point where the apron is lowered. The working machine according to claim 1, further comprising a compression rod provided between the frame and the apron.

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