JP7064832B2 - Ground stabilization method - Google Patents

Ground stabilization method Download PDF

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JP7064832B2
JP7064832B2 JP2017119401A JP2017119401A JP7064832B2 JP 7064832 B2 JP7064832 B2 JP 7064832B2 JP 2017119401 A JP2017119401 A JP 2017119401A JP 2017119401 A JP2017119401 A JP 2017119401A JP 7064832 B2 JP7064832 B2 JP 7064832B2
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ground
injection
injection material
color
tunnel
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JP2019002240A (en
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博靖 平山
優介 細田
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Fujimori Sangyo Co Ltd
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本発明は、トンネル掘削時に地山を安定させる方法に関し、特に長尺先受け工法や鏡ボルト工法に好適な地山安定化方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for stabilizing the ground during tunnel excavation, and particularly to a ground stabilizing method suitable for a long tip receiving method and a mirror bolt method.

トンネルを掘削する際の補助工法として、切羽の上半部の外周から前方へ先受け鋼管を打設する長尺先受け工法や、切羽鏡部に鏡ボルトを打設する鏡ボルト工法が知られている（特許文献１等参照）。打設後の先受け鋼管や鏡ボルトの注入穴から注入材を地山内に注入することで、地山を安定させる。
前記注入材としては、通常、ウレタン系注入材やセメント系注入材が用いられている。 As an auxiliary method when excavating a tunnel, a long tip receiving method in which a tip receiving steel pipe is placed forward from the outer circumference of the upper half of the face and a mirror bolt method in which a mirror bolt is placed in the face mirror part are known. (See Patent Document 1 etc.). The ground is stabilized by injecting the injection material into the ground through the injection holes of the pre-received steel pipe and mirror bolts after casting.
As the injection material, a urethane-based injection material or a cement-based injection material is usually used.

特開２０００－３１００９４号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-310094

ウレタン系注入材の色は薄い黄白色であり、セメント系注入材の色は灰色である。このため、地山の色によっては注入材が目立ちにくく、浸透状況や改良状態を確認しづらい。
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑み、長尺先受け工法や鏡ボルト工法等の地山安定化方法において、注入材の地山への浸透状況や地山の改良状態を確認しやすくすることを目的とする。 The color of the urethane-based injection material is pale yellowish white, and the color of the cement-based injection material is gray. For this reason, depending on the color of the ground, the injection material is inconspicuous, and it is difficult to check the penetration status and improvement status.
In view of such circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to make it easy to confirm the penetration state of the injection material into the ground and the improved state of the ground in the ground stabilization method such as the long tip receiving method and the mirror bolt method. And.

前記課題を解決するため、本発明方法は、トンネル掘削時の地山を安定させる方法であって、注入管を切羽前方の地山に打設し、着色材を添加した注入材を、前記注入管の注入穴から地山に注入し硬化させることにより、硬化した注入材を含む地山改良体を構築し、
前記注入材の硬化後に、地山の掘削を再開して切羽を前進させ、この過程で前記地山改良体を削り露出させることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the method of the present invention is a method of stabilizing the ground at the time of tunnel excavation, in which an injection pipe is placed in the ground in front of the face and an injection material to which a coloring material is added is injected. By injecting into the ground from the injection hole of the pipe and hardening it, a ground improvement body containing the hardened injection material is constructed.
After the injection material is hardened, excavation of the ground is restarted to advance the face, and in this process, the ground improvement body is scraped and exposed.

前記着色材の色が、地山の色に対して補色であることが好ましい。ここで言う補色は、色相環において厳密に対角位置にある色に限られず、おおよそ対角位置にある色であればよい。 It is preferable that the color of the coloring material is a complementary color to the color of the ground. The complementary color referred to here is not limited to a color that is exactly diagonally located in the color wheel, and may be a color that is approximately diagonally located.

本発明によれば、地山に対して注入材を目立たせることができ、注入材の浸透範囲ひいては地山の改良状態を容易に確認することができる。 According to the present invention, the injection material can be made to stand out with respect to the ground, and the permeation range of the injection material and thus the improved state of the ground can be easily confirmed.

図１は、本発明の第１実施形態に係るトンネル施工方法を、先受け鋼管の打設時で示す側面断面図である。FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a tunnel construction method according to the first embodiment of the present invention at the time of placing a pre-received steel pipe. 図２は、注入材を地山に注入する状態を、図１の２つの円部ＩＩａ及びＩＩｂを連続するようにして、かつ拡大して示す解説側面図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory side view showing a state in which the injection material is injected into the ground so that the two circles IIa and IIb of FIG. 1 are continuous and enlarged. 図３は、前記トンネル施工方法を、前記注入材の硬化後の状態で示す側面断面図である。FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing the tunnel construction method in a state after the injection material is cured. 図４は、図３のＩＶ－ＩＶ線に沿う、前記注入材の硬化後のトンネルの解説断面正面図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory cross-sectional front view of the tunnel after curing the injection material along the IV-IV line of FIG. 図５は、前記トンネル施工方法を、次のスパンの掘進時の状態で示す側面断面図である。FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing the tunnel construction method in a state at the time of excavation of the next span. 図６は、本発明の第２実施形態に係るトンネル施工方法を、鏡ボルトの打設及び注入材の注入工程後の掘進時の状態で示す側面断面図である。FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing a tunnel construction method according to a second embodiment of the present invention in a state at the time of excavation after the step of placing a mirror bolt and injecting an injection material.

以下、本発明の実施形態を図面にしたがって説明する。
図１に示すように、第１実施形態においては、トンネル１の掘進時の地山２の安定化のための補助工法として、長尺先受け工法が採用されている。トンネル１には、アーチ支保工１０が１スパン（例えば約１メートル間隔）置きに設けられている。アーチ支保工１０は、トンネル１の周方向に沿ってアーチ状に延びている（図４）。互いに隣接するアーチ支保工１０間の地山面２ａには、吹付コンクリート４０が設けられている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the first embodiment, a long tip receiving method is adopted as an auxiliary method for stabilizing the ground 2 at the time of excavation of the tunnel 1. Arch support works 10 are provided in the tunnel 1 at intervals of 1 span (for example, at intervals of about 1 meter). The arch support 10 extends in an arch shape along the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1 (FIG. 4). Sprayed concrete 40 is provided on the ground surface 2a between the arch support works 10 adjacent to each other.

図１に示すように、トンネル１の上半部の外周側の地山２には、所定スパン（例えば約９メートル間隔）置きに、長尺の先受け鋼管２０（注入管）が打ち込まれている。先受け鋼管２０は、トンネル軸線に対して掘進前方側（図１において右側）へ向かうにしたがってトンネル外周側へ少し傾斜されている。図４に示すように、複数の先受け鋼管２０が、トンネル１の上半部の周方向に間隔を置いて配列されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, a long pre-received steel pipe 20 (injection pipe) is driven into the ground 2 on the outer peripheral side of the upper half of the tunnel 1 at predetermined spans (for example, at intervals of about 9 meters). There is. The pre-received steel pipe 20 is slightly inclined toward the outer peripheral side of the tunnel toward the front side of the excavation (right side in FIG. 1) with respect to the tunnel axis. As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of pre-received steel pipes 20 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the upper half of the tunnel 1.

図１に示すように、先受け鋼管２０の基端部（図１において左端部）は、アーチ支保工１０のうち一定本数置きの特定アーチ支保工１０Ａと交差している。図２に示すように、特定アーチ支保工１０Ａには、先受け鋼管２０を通す貫通穴１１が形成されている。貫通穴１１の周囲は補強部材１３で補強されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the base end portion (left end portion in FIG. 1) of the pre-received steel pipe 20 intersects with a certain number of specific arch support works 10A among the arch support works 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the specific arch support 10A is formed with a through hole 11 through which the pre-received steel pipe 20 is passed. The periphery of the through hole 11 is reinforced by the reinforcing member 13.

図２に示すように、先受け鋼管２０の管壁には、複数の注入穴２１が形成されている。注入穴２１から吐出された注入材３０によって先受け鋼管２０の周辺部分が改良され、地山改良体２ｂ（図３）が形成されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of injection holes 21 are formed in the pipe wall of the pre-received steel pipe 20. The peripheral portion of the pre-received steel pipe 20 is improved by the injection material 30 discharged from the injection hole 21, and the ground improvement body 2b (FIG. 3) is formed.

注入材３０としては、例えばシリカレジン系注入材が用いられている。シリカレジン系注入材は、特殊珪酸ソーダ（Ａ液）３１と変性ポリイソシアネート（Ｂ液）３２を原料とする変性ポリウレタンである。シリカレジン系注入材の通常の色は、薄い黄白色である。ここで、通常の色とは、後記着色材３３が添加されていない状態での色を言う。
なお、注入材３０としては、シリカレジン系注入材に限られず、一般的なウレタン系注入材を用いてもよく、セメント系注入材を用いてもよい。ウレタン系注入材の通常の色は、薄い黄白色である。セメント系注入材の通常の色は、灰色系である。 As the injection material 30, for example, a silica resin-based injection material is used. The silica resin-based injection material is a modified polyurethane using special sodium silicate (Liquid A) 31 and modified polyisocyanate (Liquid B) 32 as raw materials. The usual color of silica resin injectables is pale yellowish white. Here, the normal color means a color in a state where the coloring material 33 described later is not added.
The injection material 30 is not limited to the silica resin injection material, and a general urethane injection material may be used, or a cement injection material may be used. The usual color of urethane-based injection materials is pale yellowish white. The usual color of cement-based injectables is grayish.

注入材３０には着色材３３が添加されている。これによって、注入材３０が着色材３３の色に着色されている。ひいては、地山改良体２ｂ（図３）の全域が、着色材３３の色に着色されている。着色材３３としては染料が用いられている。なお、着色材３３は、染料に限られず、顔料を用いてもよい。
好ましくは、着色材３３の色は、地山２の色に対して補色関係となる色である。例えば、地山２が茶色系であるとき、着色材３３は好ましくは青緑系とする。 A coloring material 33 is added to the injection material 30. As a result, the injection material 30 is colored in the color of the coloring material 33. As a result, the entire area of the ground improvement body 2b (FIG. 3) is colored with the color of the coloring material 33. A dye is used as the coloring material 33. The coloring material 33 is not limited to the dye, and a pigment may be used.
Preferably, the color of the coloring material 33 is a color that is complementary to the color of the ground 2. For example, when the ground 2 is brownish, the coloring material 33 is preferably blue-greenish.

トンネル１は、以下の工程によって施工される。
＜掘進工程＞
図示しない掘削機によって地山２を掘進する。
＜アーチ支保工設置工程＞
図１に示すように、掘進が１スパン（例えば約１メートル）進むたびに、切羽２ｅの直近にアーチ支保工１０を設置する。
＜吹付コンクリート打設工程＞
隣接するアーチ支保工１０，１０間の地山面２ａには、吹付コンクリート４０を打設する。 The tunnel 1 is constructed by the following process.
<Digging process>
The ground 2 is excavated by an excavator (not shown).
<Arch support installation process>
As shown in FIG. 1, every time the excavation advances by one span (for example, about 1 meter), an arch support 10 is installed in the immediate vicinity of the face 2e.
<Sprayed concrete placing process>
Sprayed concrete 40 is placed on the ground surface 2a between the adjacent arch support works 10 and 10.

＜特定アーチ支保工設置工程＞
図１に示すように、トンネル１の掘削が所定スパン（例えば約９メートル）進むたびに、貫通穴１１及び補強部材１３付きの特定アーチ支保工１０Ａを設置する。
＜先受け鋼管打設工程＞
続いて、ドリルジャンボ４（先受け鋼管打設装置）によって、先受け鋼管２０を、特定アーチ支保工１０Ａの貫通穴１１を通して切羽前方（図１において右側）の地山２へ打ち込む。
なお、特定アーチ支保工１０Ａの１つ手前のアーチ支保工１０Ｂは、底上げピース（図示省略）によって底上げしておくことで、ドリルジャンボ４がアーチ支保工１０Ｂと干渉しないようにする。 <Specific arch support installation process>
As shown in FIG. 1, every time the excavation of the tunnel 1 progresses by a predetermined span (for example, about 9 meters), a specific arch support 10A with a through hole 11 and a reinforcing member 13 is installed.
<Pre-received steel pipe placing process>
Subsequently, the pre-received steel pipe 20 is driven into the ground 2 in front of the face (on the right side in FIG. 1) through the through hole 11 of the specific arch support 10A by the drill jumbo 4 (pre-received steel pipe driving device).
The arch support 10B immediately before the specific arch support 10A is raised by a bottom raising piece (not shown) so that the drill jumbo 4 does not interfere with the arch support 10B.

＜注入材供給管材接続工程＞
次に、図２に示すように、先受け鋼管２０の基端部に注入材供給管３５を接続する。
＜着色材添加工程＞
注入材原料のＡ液３１とＢ液３２の少なくとも一方には、着色材３３を添加しておく。図２では、着色材３３は、Ａ液３１に添加されているが、Ｂ液３２に添加されていてもよく、Ａ液３１及びＢ液３２の両方に添加されていてもよい。 <Injection material supply pipe material connection process>
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the injection material supply pipe 35 is connected to the base end portion of the pre-received steel pipe 20.
<Coloring material addition process>
The coloring material 33 is added to at least one of the liquid A 31 and the liquid B 32, which are the raw materials for the injection material. In FIG. 2, the coloring material 33 is added to the liquid A 31, but may be added to the liquid B 32 or may be added to both the liquid A 31 and the liquid B 32.

＜注入材注入工程＞
これらＡ液３１及びＢ液３２を、注入材供給管３５から先受け鋼管２０内に導入する。Ａ液３１及びＢ液３２は、先受け鋼管２０内で混合される。これによって、着色材３３の色に着色された注入材３０が形成される。
この注入材３０が、注入穴２１から吐出され、先受け鋼管２０の周辺の地山２に注入される。
図３に示すように、注入材３０は、発泡しながら地山２内に浸透、拡散される。該注入材３０が地山２内で硬化することによって、先受け鋼管２０のまわりに地山改良体２ｂが形成される。これによって、切羽２ｅより前方（図３において右側）の地山２を安定化できる。 <Injection material injection process>
The liquid A 31 and the liquid B 32 are introduced into the pre-received steel pipe 20 from the injection material supply pipe 35. Liquid A 31 and liquid B 32 are mixed in the pre-received steel pipe 20. As a result, the injection material 30 colored in the color of the coloring material 33 is formed.
The injection material 30 is discharged from the injection hole 21 and is injected into the ground 2 around the pre-received steel pipe 20.
As shown in FIG. 3, the injection material 30 permeates and diffuses into the ground 2 while foaming. When the injection material 30 is hardened in the ground 2, the ground improvement body 2b is formed around the pre-received steel pipe 20. As a result, the ground 2 in front of the face 2e (on the right side in FIG. 3) can be stabilized.

＜次スパンの掘削＞
図５に示すように、注入材３０の硬化後、次のスパンの掘削を行ない、切羽２ｅを前進させる。このとき、新たな切羽２ｅの外周部２ｆには、硬化した注入材３０を含む地山改良体２ｂが現れる。
該地山改良体２ｂは、着色材３３によって着色されているため、周辺の地山面よりも目立たせることができる。これによって、注入材３０の地山２への浸透状況ないしは浸透範囲を容易に確認できる。ひいては、地山２の改良状態を容易に確認できる。
着色材３３の色を地山２の色に対して補色とすることによって、地山２に対して地山改良体２ｂが一層目立つようにでき、改良状態を一層容易に確認できる。 <Excavation of the next span>
As shown in FIG. 5, after the injection material 30 is hardened, the next span is excavated to advance the face 2e. At this time, the ground improvement body 2b containing the cured injection material 30 appears on the outer peripheral portion 2f of the new face 2e.
Since the ground improvement body 2b is colored by the coloring material 33, it can be made more conspicuous than the surrounding ground surface. As a result, the permeation status or permeation range of the injection material 30 into the ground 2 can be easily confirmed. As a result, the improved state of the ground 2 can be easily confirmed.
By making the color of the coloring material 33 a complementary color to the color of the ground 2, the ground improvement body 2b can be made more conspicuous with respect to the ground 2, and the improved state can be confirmed more easily.

＜覆工工程＞
図４の二点鎖線に示すように、吹付コンクリート４０の内周側には、覆工コンクリート４３を打設する。このようにして、トンネル１が構築される。 <Backing process>
As shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 4, the lining concrete 43 is placed on the inner peripheral side of the sprayed concrete 40. In this way, the tunnel 1 is constructed.

次に、本発明の他の実施形態を説明する。以下の実施形態において既述の形態と重複する構成に関しては、図面に同一符号を付して説明を省略する。
＜第２実施形態＞
図６に示すように、第２実施形態においては、トンネル１の掘削時における地山安定化のための補助工法として、鏡ボルト工法が採用されている。
複数の鏡ボルト５０（注入管）が、切羽２ｅすなわち鏡部からトンネル軸線に沿ってまっすぐ前方（図６において右側）へ打ち込まれている。注入材３０が、各鏡ボルト５０の注入穴５１から地山２に注入されることで、鏡ボルト５０の周辺部に地山改良体２ｂが形成されている。これによって、切羽２ｅより前方（図６において右側）の地山２を安定化できる。
注入材３０に着色材３３が添加されることで、注入材３０ひいては地山改良体２ｂが着色されている点は、第１実施形態と同様である。 Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are given to the drawings for configurations that overlap with the above-described embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted.
<Second Embodiment>
As shown in FIG. 6, in the second embodiment, the mirror bolt method is adopted as an auxiliary method for stabilizing the ground during excavation of the tunnel 1.
A plurality of mirror bolts 50 (injection pipes) are driven straight forward (on the right side in FIG. 6) along the tunnel axis from the face 2e, that is, the mirror portion. By injecting the injection material 30 into the ground 2 from the injection hole 51 of each mirror bolt 50, the ground improvement body 2b is formed in the peripheral portion of the mirror bolt 50. As a result, the ground 2 in front of the face 2e (on the right side in FIG. 6) can be stabilized.
The point that the injection material 30 and thus the ground improvement body 2b are colored by adding the coloring material 33 to the injection material 30 is the same as that of the first embodiment.

鏡ボルト工法では、図６において二点鎖線に示すように、鏡ボルト５０を破壊しながら、地山２を掘進する。掘進に伴って、切羽２ｅが前方（図６において右）へ移動される。このとき、図６において実線で示すように、新たな切羽２ｅにおける鏡ボルト５０のまわりには、着色された地山改良体２ｂが現れる。これによって、注入材３０の地山２への浸透状況ないしは浸透範囲を容易に確認できる。ひいては改良状態を容易に確認しながら、地山２の掘削を行なうことができる。 In the mirror bolt method, as shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 6, the ground 2 is dug while breaking the mirror bolt 50. Along with the excavation, the face 2e is moved forward (right in FIG. 6). At this time, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 6, a colored ground improvement body 2b appears around the mirror bolt 50 in the new face 2e. As a result, the permeation status or permeation range of the injection material 30 into the ground 2 can be easily confirmed. As a result, the ground 2 can be excavated while easily confirming the improved state.

本発明は、前記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の改変をなすことができる。
例えば、第１実施形態の長尺先受け工法と第２実施形態の鏡ボルト工法を同時施工してもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, the long tip receiving method of the first embodiment and the mirror bolt method of the second embodiment may be simultaneously applied.

本発明は、例えばトンネル掘削時の地山安定化のための補助工法に適用できる。 The present invention can be applied to, for example, an auxiliary construction method for stabilizing the ground during tunnel excavation.

１ トンネル
２ 地山
２ｂ 地山改良体
２ｅ 切羽
１０ アーチ支保工
１０Ａ 特定アーチ支保工
２０ 先受け鋼管（注入管）
２１ 注入穴
３０ 注入材
３３ 着色材
５０ 鏡ボルト（注入管）
５１ 注入穴 1 Tunnel 2 Ground 2b Ground improvement 2e Face 10 Arch support 10A Specific arch support 20 Pre-received steel pipe (injection pipe)
21 Injection hole 30 Injection material 33 Coloring material 50 Mirror bolt (injection tube)
51 Injection hole

Claims (1)

トンネル掘削時の地山を安定させる方法であって、
注入管を切羽前方の茶系色の地山に打設し、
着色材を添加した注入材を、前記注入管の注入穴から地山に注入し硬化させることにより、硬化した注入材を含む地山改良体を構築し、
前記注入材の硬化後に、地山の掘削を再開して切羽を前進させ、この過程で前記地山改良体を削り露出させ、
前記着色材の色が、前記茶系色に対して補色の関係となる青緑系色であることを特徴とする地山安定化方法。 It is a method to stabilize the ground when excavating a tunnel.
Place the injection tube in the brown-colored ground in front of the face,
By injecting the injection material to which the coloring material is added into the ground from the injection hole of the injection pipe and curing it, a ground improvement body containing the cured injection material is constructed.
After the injection material has hardened, excavation of the ground is resumed to advance the face, and in this process, the ground improvement body is scraped and exposed .
A method for stabilizing a ground, characterized in that the color of the coloring material is a blue-green color having a complementary color relationship with the brown color .
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JP7169324B2 (en) * 2020-08-28 2022-11-10 フジモリ産業株式会社 TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT SYSTEM, SUPPORT METHOD, AND PROGRAM

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JP2012154039A (en) 2011-01-24 2012-08-16 Hazama Corp Survey boring method and boring device therefor
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JP2823369B2 (en) 1991-02-28 1998-11-11 前田建設工業株式会社 Flexible pipe and its construction method
JP2000310094A (en) 1999-04-27 2000-11-07 Kfc Ltd Prelining reinforcing construction technique for natural ground
JP2002081057A (en) 2000-09-07 2002-03-22 Ikehata:Kk Ground boring method
JP2003280566A (en) 2002-03-25 2003-10-02 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Structure for displaying buried object, and display tool
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JP2007247256A (en) 2006-03-16 2007-09-27 Kfc Ltd Natural ground reinforcing pipe for use in constructing tunnel, and tunnel construction method using the same
JP2009263882A (en) 2008-04-22 2009-11-12 Kajima Corp Natural ground reinforcing method
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