JP7064632B2 - 金属タンタルの製造方法 - Google Patents
金属タンタルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7064632B2 JP7064632B2 JP2021034158A JP2021034158A JP7064632B2 JP 7064632 B2 JP7064632 B2 JP 7064632B2 JP 2021034158 A JP2021034158 A JP 2021034158A JP 2021034158 A JP2021034158 A JP 2021034158A JP 7064632 B2 JP7064632 B2 JP 7064632B2
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- tantalum
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 184
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 183
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 155
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 120
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 91
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 65
- 150000003481 tantalum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 64
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=NN1 WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 51
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 35
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910001362 Ta alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 powdered tantalum Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDCCJGGBNDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ta].[Pb] Chemical compound [Ta].[Pb] ROSDCCJGGBNDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUPPESBEIQALOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium tartrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O GUPPESBEIQALOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001427 calcium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011035 calcium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003482 tantalum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DIZKSFLNNHESNX-UHFFFAOYSA-I [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[K+].[Ta+5] Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[K+].[Ta+5] DIZKSFLNNHESNX-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VYZTZRKJVQZNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid tantalum Chemical compound [Ta].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O VYZTZRKJVQZNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- JLRVHARDDHTXMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium tantalum Chemical compound [Ca][Ta] JLRVHARDDHTXMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- APLLYCDGAWQGRK-UHFFFAOYSA-H potassium;hexafluorotantalum(1-) Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[K+].[Ta+5] APLLYCDGAWQGRK-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000009700 powder processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/26—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
- C22B34/24—Obtaining niobium or tantalum
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/008—Terminals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/045—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material based on aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
- H01G9/0525—Powder therefor
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Description
酸素分析は、Eltra ON900分析器を使用して行った。
表面積は、Micromeritics Tristar表面積分析器を使用して測定した。
図3を参照して、タンタル酸塩ペレット35をFFCセル5のカソード30上に載置し、FFCプロセスを用いて650℃の温度で還元した。電解セル5内で使用した塩20は、主に、0.1~1.0重量%の酸化リチウムを含む塩化リチウムであった。セルのアノード40は、溶融亜鉛、又は、還元比較のために炭素を含んでいた。
炭素アノードを使用して、Ca3(CaTa2)O9の38gペレットを金属に還元した。3.5アンペアの電流で277330クーロンを通した。生成したタンタルを回収し、分析し、5.1m2/gの表面積、17000ppmの酸素含有率、及び5719ppmの炭素含有率を有することを見出した。
溶融亜鉛アノードを使用して、Ca3(CaTa2)O9の20gペレットを金属に還元した。2アンペアの電流で42458クーロンを通した。生成したタンタルを回収し、分析し、5.6m2/gの表面積、21000ppmの酸素含有率、及び493ppmの炭素含有率を有することを見出した。炭素含有率は、炭素アノード(実施例1)を使用して生成した比較例よりもかなり低いことが理解され得る。
炭素アノードを使用して、Ca2Ta2O7の38gペレットを金属に還元した。3.5アンペアの電流で270389クーロンを通した。生成したタンタルを回収し、分析し、11.04m2/gの表面積、34000ppmの酸素含有率、及び1817ppmの炭素含有率を有することを見出した。
溶融亜鉛アノードを使用して、Ca2Ta2O7の38gペレットを還元した。3.5アンペアの電流で271492クーロンを通した。生成したタンタルを回収し、分析し、6.74m2/gの表面積、13000ppmの酸素含有率、及び651ppmの炭素含有率を有することを見出した。炭素含有率は、炭素アノード(実施例3)を使用して生成した比較例よりもかなり低いことが理解され得る。
650℃の温度での予備電解作業を経た溶融塩中の溶融電解アノードを使用して、Ca2Ta2O7の20gペレットを金属に還元した。2アンペアの電流で46218クーロンを通した。生成したタンタルは、5.01m2/gの表面積、14000ppmの酸素含有率、及び386ppmの炭素含有率を有していた。この実施例は、実施例4と殆ど同一であるが、炭素含有率は更に低い。これは、塩から残留炭酸塩を除去することによって炭素汚染を更に低減する、塩の予備電解に起因し得る。非常に低い炭素レベルを有するタンタルを生成するためには、タンタル酸塩を導入するのに先立って、塩を電解して、炭素化合物を除去することが有利であり得る。
Claims (28)
- 金属タンタルの製造方法であって、
第一金属のタンタル酸塩を含む前駆体材料を提供し、前記第一金属はアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属である、ステップと、
電解セル内において、前記前駆体材料を溶融塩と接触する状態に配置し、前記電解セルが、前記溶融塩と接触する状態に配置されたアノード及びカソードを更に含んでいる、ステップと、
前記前駆体材料がタンタルに還元されるように、炭素材料を含まない前記アノードと、前記カソードと、の間に電位を加えるステップと、を含む、方法。 - 前記前駆体材料が前記カソードと接触する状態に配置され、前記アノードが溶融第二金属を含み、前記第二金属は、前記第一金属とは異なり、かつ前記前駆体材料の還元中に前記第二金属が溶融状態にあるよう十分低い融点を有し、前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に電位が加えられた際に前記前駆体材料から放出された酸素が、前記アノードにて前記溶融第二金属と反応する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第二金属が商業的に純粋な金属であり、又は、前記第二金属が合金である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記第二金属が、1000℃未満の融点と、1750℃未満の沸点とを有する、請求項2又は3に記載の方法。
- 前記第二金属が、亜鉛、テルル、ビスマス、鉛、マグネシウム、錫及びアルミニウムからなるリストから選択される任意の金属、又はその合金である、請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に前記電位が加えられた際、前記第二金属の一部が前記カソード上に析出され、それにより前記金属タンタルは、一部の前記第二金属を含む、請求項2~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属タンタルから前記第二金属を分離して、0.1重量%未満の前記第二金属を含む生成物を提供する更なるステップを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 還元中に前記前駆体材料から除去された酸素が、前記アノードにて前記溶融第二金属と反応して、前記酸素と前記第二金属との間で酸化物を形成する、請求項2~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記アノードが、固体の、非炭素の酸素放出アノードである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第一金属がカルシウムであり、前記前駆体材料がタンタル酸カルシウムを含み、又は前記第一金属がリチウムであり、前記前駆体材料がタンタル酸リチウムを含む、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体材料が、タンタルと前記第一金属との間で形成可能な、熱力学的に最も安定なタンタル酸塩を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体材料が、化学式Ca3(CaTa2)O9を有するタンタル酸カルシウムを含む、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体材料が、前記第一金属のタンタル酸塩からなる、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体材料が、前記第一金属の前記タンタル酸塩と酸化タンタルとの混合物、又は前記第一金属の前記タンタル酸塩と金属タンタルとの混合物、又は前記第一金属の前記タンタル酸塩と酸化タンタルと金属タンタルとの混合物である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記溶融塩が、前記第一金属の塩を含む、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記溶融塩がCaCl2を含む、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体材料が、粉末、粒塊、若しくは顆粒の形態、又は多孔質ペレット若しくは成形プレフォームの形態である、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第一金属の前記タンタル酸塩を形成する更なるステップを含む、請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第一金属の前記タンタル酸塩が、酸化タンタルと、前記第一金属、又は前記第一金属を含む化合物との間の反応により形成される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記第一金属の前記タンタル酸塩が、タンタル酸カルシウムであり、酸化タンタルとカルシウムとの間の反応により形成される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記第一金属の前記タンタル酸塩が、化学的共沈又はゾルゲル反応により形成される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化タンタルが、所定の平均粒子サイズを有し、又は、前記金属タンタル酸塩を形成するのに先立って、所定の平均粒子サイズを生じるように処理される、請求項19又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記セル内に配置するのに先立って、前記前駆体材料を処理して、所定の前駆体平均粒子サイズ又は所定の前駆体粒子サイズ分布を提供するステップを更に含む、請求項1~22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体材料が、0.1~100マイクロメートルの平均粒子サイズを有する、請求項1~23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体材料が、0.5~10マイクロメートルの平均粒子サイズを有する、請求項1~24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体材料の還元中、前記溶融塩が炭素材料と接触していない、請求項1~25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属タンタルが、250ppm未満の炭素含有率を有する、請求項1~26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属タンタルをキャパシタに形成する更なるステップを含む、請求項1~27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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