JP7041470B2 - Bearing wall structure of wooden building and its construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a bearing wall structure of a wooden building by a frame construction method and a method for constructing the same, and particularly to an improvement of a bearing wall structure of a true wall specification.

In recent years, wooden buildings with four or more floors have been approved. As a condition for approval of a four-story wooden building, a high-magnification load-bearing wall is required. In addition, even in the case of 3 stories or less, in order to secure the possibility of floor plan of the building floor, bearing walls are concentrated on the outer wall, and the internal partition wall can be rearranged as a non-bearing wall. There is a design method, but in this case as well, the bearing wall needs to have a high magnification.

There are two types of bearing walls, one using braces and the other using structural facing materials (plywood, etc.). Since the bearing wall made by the brace has a structure in which a large force is concentrated on the brace itself and its joint, brittle fracture such as buckling of the brace itself, breakage of the joint, and breakage of the girder may occur. high. On the other hand, in a bearing wall using a structural surface material, the force of the structural surface material and the framework is transmitted through a large number of nails, so that the tenacious deformation performance of the nails is utilized and the toughness is excellent. Therefore, when a high-magnification, high-toughness bearing wall is required, a bearing wall made of a structural surface material is used. There are two types of bearing walls made of structural surface materials: large wall specifications and true wall specifications. An example of a bearing wall structure having a large wall specification is shown in, for example, Patent Document 1 below. An example of the bearing wall structure of the Makabe specification is shown in, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3 below.

By the way, even if it is a wooden building, if it has a complicated structure such as a high-rise building or a mixture with a reinforcing bar or a steel frame structure, it is necessary to calculate the possessed horizontal strength. The possessed horizontal strength calculation is performed in consideration of the structural characteristic coefficient Ds that quantifies the deformation capacity of the building, and it is desirable that the value of Ds is small. This is because the required horizontal bearing capacity increases as the value of Ds increases, and it is necessary to satisfy the holding horizontal bearing capacity by increasing the amount of the bearing wall. This structural characteristic coefficient Ds is generally smaller in the bearing wall of the large wall specification than in the bearing wall structure of the true wall specification. Therefore, in the past, when trying to build a high-rise wooden building using the bearing wall structure of the Makabe specification, it was necessary to increase the amount of the bearing wall compared to the large wall specification, which was a constraint in terms of cost and design. Become.

In the bearing wall of the Makabe specification, when the frame of the building swings greatly in the horizontal direction due to an earthquake etc., the corners of the upper and lower sides of the rotated structural face material become the shape to bite into the horizontal material of the frame, and the horizontal material or the horizontal material. There is a risk of damaging the joint. This point is shown in FIG. 4 when illustrated. In FIG. 4, in a framework structure in which a pair of vertical lumbers (structural pillars) 13 and 14 are assembled between an upper horizontal lumber (for example, a beam) 11 and a lower horizontal lumber (for example, a base) 12, one pair. The state in which the structural surface material 10 is assembled between the vertical members 13 and 14 in the Makabe specification is shown by a solid line (the receiving material to which the structural surface material 10 is nailed is not shown). When the framework of a building swings significantly in the horizontal direction due to an earthquake or the like, the structural surface material 10 is made of tough plywood, so that it does not distort into a parallelogram, and the corners are approximately right angles as shown by the dotted line 10'. It will tilt (rotate) while maintaining (rectangular). Due to this inclination, one corner A1 of the upper side of the structural surface material 10 is largely displaced upward, and one corner A2 of the lower side on the diagonal line of the angle A1 is largely displaced downward. The Makabe-specification structural surface material 10 is adapted to fit snugly in the space surrounded by the horizontal members 11 and 12 and the vertical members 13 and 14 of the framework (that is, the upper and lower sides of the structural surface material 10 are the upper part and the lower side). Since it is in close contact with the lower horizontal members 11 and 12), each corner A1 and A2 of the structural surface material 10 bites into the horizontal members 11 and 12 as the structural surface material 10 tilts (rotates), for example. The upper horizontal member 11 is pushed and bent as shown by the alternate long and short dash line. If the inclination of the structural surface member 10 exceeds the limit, the pushed and bent horizontal member 11 or the horizontal member joint portion will be damaged.

JP-A-2004-332377 JP-A-2010-121338 JP-A-2011-226166

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned inconveniences caused by horizontal vibration in an earthquake or the like in a bearing wall structure of a true wall specification and to secure deformation performance. And.

The present invention is a bearing wall structure of a wooden building of a frame construction method, comprising a bearing wall panel of a true wall specification, and the bearing wall panel is a frame body composed of a plurality of receiving materials and the frame body. The structural surface material is formed to have a short length in the vertical direction thereof, and the structural surface material is formed to have a short length in the vertical direction. The sum of the vertical lengths of the respective clearances on the upper side and the lower side of the structural surface material, which are fixed to the frame body so as to generate a predetermined clearance, is approximately 1 / of the width of the structural surface material. It is characterized in that the length in the vertical direction of the structural surface material is set so as to be 15 or more .

According to the present invention, the vertical length of the structural surface material of the load-bearing wall panel of the Makabe specification causes a predetermined clearance with respect to the horizontal member of the framework at the upper side and the lower side of the structural surface material. Since it is formed in a short size, when the building swings in the horizontal direction due to an earthquake or the like, even if the structural surface material is tilted, each corner of the upper side and the lower side of the building is prevented from biting into the horizontal material of the framework or biting into it. The amount can be reduced, and thus damage to the horizontal members of the framework and the joints of the horizontal members can be prevented. In addition, the structural tenacity (toughness) will increase compared to the past, and it will be possible to relatively reduce the value of the structural characteristic coefficient Ds when the possessed horizontal strength calculation is required, reducing the required possessed horizontal strength. can do. Therefore, in the bearing wall structure of the Makabe specification, it is possible to secure the deformation performance, reduce the amount of wall to secure the required seismic strength compared to the conventional one, and reduce the cost of the high-rise wooden building of the Makabe specification. Can contribute to.

The schematic elevation view explaining the bearing wall structure which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the bearing wall panel according to the embodiment of the present invention is tilted in the plane direction due to horizontal vibration such as when an earthquake occurs. Schematic elevation view to explain the problems of the bearing wall structure of the conventional Makabe specifications.

FIG. 1 is a schematic elevational view illustrating a bearing wall structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. The bearing wall panel 20 having a true wall specification according to an embodiment of the present invention has a frame body composed of upper and lower receiving materials 22 and 23 and left and right receiving materials 24 and 25, and a structural surface material to be fastened to the frame body. 21 and include. The frame may further contain stud members for strength reinforcement, but the illustration thereof will be omitted. The upper and lower receiving members 22 and 23 are fastened to the upper horizontal member 11 (for example, a beam) and the lower horizontal member 12 (for example, a base) of the framework with nails or the like, and the left and right receiving members 24 and 25 are the framework. It is fastened to the vertical lumber (structural pillar lumber having a predetermined square size, for example, 12 cm square) 13 and 14 with a nail or the like.

The structural surface material 21 is formed to be short so that the length in the vertical direction is appropriately shorter than the distance (height) between the upper and lower horizontal members 11 and 12, and the length in the horizontal direction is left and right thereof. It is formed in a fixed size so as to fit within the space between a pair of vertical members 13 and 14. The structural surface material 21 is nailed to the receiving materials 22 to 25, and at that time, the upper side 21a of the structural surface material 21 formed in the short size is located below the upper side of the upper receiving material 22, and the structure is described. The lower side 21b of the face material 21 is nailed so as to be located above the lower side of the lower receiving material 23. As a result, the structural surface material 21 receives the structural surface material 21 so as to generate predetermined clearances (gap) C1 and C2 with respect to the upper and lower horizontal members 11 and 12, respectively, on the upper side 21a and the lower side 21b. It is fixed at 22 to 25.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the bearing wall panel 20 of the true wall specification, the lumber surface of the receiving material 22 is recessed by the thickness of the structural surface material 21 from the lumber surface of the horizontal material 11, and is fastened to the receiving material 22. The smooth surface of the structural surface member 21 is substantially the same height as the smooth surface of the horizontal member 11. In the example of FIG. 2, the structural surface material 210 is also fastened to the receiving materials 22 to 25 on the opposite surface of the load-bearing wall panel 20, and one load-bearing wall panel 20 is formed by the double structural surface materials 21 and 210. It is formed. In this case, the structural surface material 210 on the opposite surface also has the same configuration as the structural surface material 21 described above, and on the upper side and the lower side thereof, predetermined clearances C1 and C2 are generated with respect to the upper and lower horizontal members 11 and 12, respectively. It is fixed to the receiving material 22 to 25 as described above.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the bearing wall panel 20 is greatly tilted in the plane direction when the framework of the building is greatly shaken in the horizontal direction due to an earthquake or the like. In that case, in the bearing wall panel 20, the nailing of the structural surface material 21 to the receiving materials 22 to 25 is appropriately disengaged or loosened, but the structural surface material 21 itself is manufactured of tough plywood and is therefore distorted into a parallelogram. Instead, it tilts (rotates) while maintaining a substantially right-angled angle (rectangle) as shown by the dotted line 21'. Due to this inclination, one corner B1 on the upper side of the structural surface material 21 is largely displaced upward, and one corner B2 on the lower side on the diagonal line of the corner B1 is largely displaced downward. However, in the bearing wall structure of the present invention, since the clearances C1 and C2 are provided as described above, the respective corners B1 and B2 of the structural surface material 21 are provided as the structural surface material 21 is tilted (rotated). Even if it approaches or even hits the horizontal members 11 and 12, it is possible to prevent the horizontal members 11 and 12 from being strongly bitten and damaged as in the conventional case. In the case of such a large vibration, the vertical members (structural columns) 13 and 14 also tilt, but the illustration is omitted.

As described above, in the bearing wall structure of the present invention, the corners B1 and B2 of the upper side 21a and the lower side 21b of the structural surface material 21 are prevented from biting into the horizontal members 11 and 12, or the biting amount is reduced as much as possible. Therefore, damage to the horizontal members 11 and 12 and the joints of the horizontal members is prevented, and the structural stickiness (toughness) is increased as compared with the conventional case. Therefore, when it is necessary to calculate the possessed horizontal bearing capacity, the structural characteristic coefficient Ds can be relatively reduced as compared with the bearing wall of the conventional Makabe specification. As a result, even with a bearing wall structure with Makabe specifications, the amount of walls to secure the required seismic strength can be reduced compared to the past, contributing to cost reduction of high-rise wooden buildings with Makabe specifications. Can be.

As an example, in consideration of the safety limit deformation angle "1/15" of the wooden building, the total length of each clearance C1 and C2 in the upper side 21a and the lower side 21b of the structural surface material 21 in the vertical direction is the structure. It is preferable to set the length of the structural face material 21 in the vertical direction so that the width of the face material 21 is approximately "1/15" or more. For example, when the width of the structural surface material 21 is 800 mm, the vertical length of the structural surface material 21 is set so that the total length of the clearances C1 and C2 in the vertical direction is about 53.3 mm or more. As an example, when the width of the structural surface material 21 is about 800 mm, the vertical length of the structural surface material 21 can be set so that the total length of the clearances C1 and C2 in the vertical direction is about 60 mm. Conceivable.

Further, the distribution of the upper and lower clearances C1 and C2 may be substantially equal, or the distribution of the lower clearance C2 may be slightly larger than that of the upper one. For example, when the total length of the clearances C1 and C2 in the vertical direction is about 53.3 mm, the length of the upper clearance C1 in the vertical direction is set to about 23.3 mm, and the length of the lower clearance C2 in the vertical direction is set to about 23.3 mm. It is conceivable that the size is about 30 mm. The reason why the distribution of the lower clearance C2 is slightly larger than that of the upper clearance C1 is that the vertical members (structural columns) 13 and 14 also tilt and tend to rise during such a large vibration, so that the structural surface material 21 This is because it is considered that one side of the above side also tends to rise with it, and the amount of descent of the corner B2 of the lower side 21b is slightly larger than the amount of descent of the corner B1 of the upper side 21a. Therefore, by making the distribution of the lower clearance C2 slightly larger than that of the upper clearance C1, the horizontal members 11 and 12 of the respective corners B1 and B2 of the structural surface material 21 due to the inclination (rotation) of the structural surface material 21. It can be expected that the degree of approach to the ground and the degree of contact will be equalized as much as possible, and damage to the horizontal members 11 and 12 on both the upper and lower sides can be suppressed as much as possible.

In the above embodiment, the structural surface materials 21 and 210 are provided on both sides of the bearing wall panel 20, but the present invention can also be applied when the structural surface materials 21 are provided on only one side. Alternatively, the present invention can be applied to a double wall structure as shown in Japanese Patent No. 5960900. That is, the structural columns (vertical members) 13 and 14 having a predetermined square size (for example, 12 cm square) are duplicated and erected, and the bearing wall panel 20 provided with the structural surface members 21 and 210 on both sides as described above is duplicated. (Overlapping vertically on the wall surface), it may be assembled between the double structural columns (vertical members) in a true wall specification. As a result, in a structure in which a double wall structure as shown in Japanese Patent No. 5960900 is adopted and the wall magnification is increased, the wall amount for ensuring the required seismic strength can be obtained by using the present invention in combination. It can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced. Since the double wall structure as shown in Japanese Patent No. 5960900 is suitable for increasing the wall magnification at a relatively low cost, the description and drawings of Japanese Patent No. 5960900 are cited. Incorporated into the specification and drawings of the present application.

Further, the manufacturing method of the bearing wall panel 20, that is, the assembly of the structural surface materials 21 and 210 to the receiving materials 22 to 25 is a panel construction method that employs a construction method in which the bearing wall panels are assembled at least partially in advance at the factory. Alternatively, it may be an on-site construction method in which the bearing wall panel 20 is manufactured on-site. When the panel method is adopted, for example, the frame body is formed by combining the receiving materials 22 to 25, and the structural surface material 21 on one surface is fixed to the frame body in advance at the factory. The bearing wall panel 20 already provided with the material 21 is manufactured in advance at the factory. The bearing wall panel 20 is carried to the site and assembled to the horizontal members 11 and 12 and the vertical members 13 and 14 of the framework (the receiving materials 22 to 25 are nailed to the horizontal members 11 and 12 and the vertical members 13 and 14). After doing this, the structural facing material 210 on the other side may be fixed to the receiving materials 22 to 25. At that time, the construction worker (carpenter) looks at the mounting arrangement of the structural surface material 21 on the opposite surface that has already been fixed in the factory set, and in the same manner, the upper and lower clearances C1 and C2 are set. The structural surface material 210 may be nailed. As described above, by incorporating the panel assembly method in the factory into the present invention, it is possible to easily set the upper and lower clearances C1 and C2 according to the present invention.

On the other hand, when the on-site construction method is adopted, the bearing wall panel 20 in which the structural surface material 21 on one surface is fixed to the receiving materials 22 to 25 is measured and manufactured on-site, and the horizontal members 11 and 12 of the framework and the horizontal members 11 and 12 and the frame are manufactured. After assembling to the vertical members 13 and 14 (the receiving materials 22 to 25 are nailed to the horizontal members 11 and 12 and the vertical members 13 and 14), the structural surface material 210 on the other surface is attached to the receiving materials 22 to 25. You just have to stop it. Alternatively, after the receiving materials 22 to 25 are first nailed to the horizontal materials 11 and 12 and the vertical materials 13 and 14, the structural surface material 21 on one surface is fixed to the receiving materials 22 to 25, and the structural surface material on the other surface is fixed. The 210 may be fixed to the receiving materials 22 to 25.

11, 12 horizontal lumber of the framework 13, 14 vertical lumber of the framework 20 bearing wall panel 20
21,210 Structural surface material 22, 23, 24, 25 Receiving material 21a Upper side of structural surface material 21b Lower side of structural surface material C1, C2 Clearance

Claims (5)

It is a bearing wall structure of a wooden building with a frame construction method, and is equipped with a bearing wall panel with a true wall specification.
The load-bearing wall panel includes a frame body composed of a plurality of receiving materials and a structural surface material to be fastened to the frame body.
The structural surface material is formed in a short length in the vertical direction, and the frame body is provided with a predetermined clearance on the upper side and the lower side of the structural surface material with respect to the horizontal member of the framework. Stopped and
The length of the structural surface material in the vertical direction is set so that the total length of each clearance on the upper side and the lower side of the structural surface material in the vertical direction is approximately 1/15 or more of the horizontal width of the structural surface material. A bearing wall structure characterized by being set . The bearing wall structure according to claim 1 , wherein the structural surface material is fastened to the frame so that the lengths of the clearances in the vertical direction on the upper side and the lower side of the structural surface material are substantially equal to each other. The claim is characterized in that the structural surface material is fastened to the frame body so that the vertical length of each clearance on the upper side and the lower side of the structural surface material is longer on the lower side than the upper side. 1 bearing wall structure. The load-bearing wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the load-bearing wall panel includes the two structural face materials on both sides. It is a method of constructing a bearing wall structure of a wooden building by the frame construction method.
It is a step of manufacturing a bearing wall panel of a true wall specification including a frame body composed of a plurality of receiving materials and a structural face material to be fastened to the frame body, and the structural face material is the vertical direction thereof. The structural face material is formed to be short in length, and is fastened to the frame body so as to generate a predetermined clearance with respect to the horizontal member of the framework at the upper side and the lower side of the structural face material. The vertical length of the structural surface material is set so that the total length of each of the clearances on the upper side and the lower side in the vertical direction is approximately 1/15 or more of the horizontal width of the structural surface material. The above-mentioned process as a feature and
A method for constructing a bearing wall structure, which comprises a step of fixing the receiving material of the bearing wall panel to the horizontal and vertical members of the framework of the wooden building.

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