JP7429631B2 - Wooden house with increased rigidity of load-bearing walls and method of increasing load-bearing strength of load-bearing walls - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a load-bearing wall for a wooden house, and it is possible to increase the rigidity of the load-bearing wall without using reinforcing hardware, thereby making it possible to obtain a building that is resistant to earthquakes at a low cost, and also to provide a house with a variety of designs. This is to enable the provision of the following information.

A load-bearing wall is a wall that resists lateral and horizontal loads such as earthquakes and wind, and in Japan, where earthquakes are common, it is an important component to prevent houses from collapsing due to earthquakes.
Construction methods for wooden buildings include frame construction (conventional wooden construction), two-by-four construction (frame wall construction), and wooden prefabricated structures (panel-type construction).
Each of these construction methods has its own characteristics. Frame construction methods bear vertical and horizontal loads through the framework and load-bearing walls, so they have a particularly high degree of freedom in indoor floor plans and are easy to remodel. It is.

On the other hand, in the two-by-four construction method, vertical loads and horizontal loads are basically borne by walls and floors constructed by pasting board materials on a framework. Existence is essential.
Similarly, in wooden prefabricated structures such as panel structures, the walls and floors made of panels bear vertical and horizontal loads, so planar walls and floors are essential for building buildings. Become.

If only the strength of the load-bearing wall is strong, there is a risk of destroying the members surrounding the reinforced wall, so in order to give the load-bearing wall strength, pillars, foundations, A notch is formed by making a notch in the frame material made up of beams (body inserts), and a structural plate is fitted into this notch frame with a gap of 5 to 10 mm around the periphery and fixed, giving it tenacity. A load-bearing wall has been proposed in which the frame materials of columns, foundations, beams, and structural plates work together as a load-bearing wall, and when an external force exceeding the limit is applied, the gap between the notch and the structural plate It has been proposed that the frame is deformed due to the gap without the load-bearing wall collapsing, so it will not collapse suddenly and will be a durable structure.

In the framework construction method, when a load-bearing wall is provided with braces, there is a limit to the wall magnification of the load-bearing wall, considering the angle of inclination of the braces to obtain sufficient strength against horizontal forces, and it is difficult to increase the width of the load-bearing wall too much. It cannot be made small.
In order to increase the strength of load-bearing walls sufficiently, the arrangement of reinforcing materials and various reinforcing hardware have been proposed.

Load-bearing walls are necessary to improve the earthquake resistance of wooden buildings and strengthen their ability to withstand horizontal loads. In the framework construction method, braces are installed between vertical columns and horizontal members such as foundations and trusses. are installed to form a load-bearing wall. The vertical load is borne by the framework of columns, foundations, and girders, and the horizontal load is borne by the braces, thereby resisting horizontal forces during earthquakes, typhoons, etc. Additionally, flint was installed at the corners of the floor and roof frames (the roof beams) to counteract horizontal forces.

On the other hand, from a design point of view, it is desired to make the opening width of windows, etc. on exterior walls as wide as possible, and indoors, there is also a desire to make the opening width of partitions as wide as possible. In many cases, the width of the opening is made as small as possible to make the opening large.
However, the outer and inner walls of a building as a structure must have a predetermined wall thickness in order to obtain sufficient resistance against horizontal loads that occur during earthquakes, typhoons, and the like.

Patent No. 4218754

Traditionally, the height of the foundation of a wooden building is generally a constant height when the construction site is horizontal, even if it is a frame-framed wooden house or a two-by-four structure house, and load-bearing walls are built on the foundation. Usually, the height was from the base to the eaves.
The present invention can be applied to any construction method, such as a frame construction method or a two-by-four construction method, and departs from the idea of increasing the strength of a load-bearing wall by structurally modifying the wall itself, and increases the strength of the load-bearing wall by changing the idea. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a load-bearing wall structure for wooden buildings that can

By increasing the height of the top surface of the foundation where load-bearing walls are installed in a wooden house than the height of the top surface of the foundation where load-bearing walls are not installed, the rigidity of the load-bearing wall is increased and the load-bearing strength of the wooden house is increased. This is a method of increasing
Since the load-bearing strength of load-bearing walls can be increased without adding auxiliary members or auxiliary fittings to increase rigidity, the earthquake resistance of wooden buildings can be improved at low cost.
In addition, since the pull-out force against the load-bearing wall is smaller, it becomes easier to design anchors and hole-down hardware that connect columns and foundations, reducing costs. Wall design becomes easier.
Furthermore, by appropriately arranging the planar position of the house to raise the height of the upper surface of the foundation, it is possible to add a design accent to the building.

By making the height of the top surface of the foundation in the part where the load-bearing wall is installed higher than the height of the top surface of other foundation parts, the height of the load-bearing wall is inevitably lower. Since the rigidity increases in inverse proportion to the height of the load-bearing wall, the amount of deformation of the load-bearing wall is reduced.
As shown in the figure, if the height of the load-bearing wall is reduced to one-third, the rigidity will be tripled and the amount of deformation will be one-third.
Since the strength of the load-bearing wall can be increased without adding any auxiliary members or fittings to increase rigidity, the earthquake resistance of wooden buildings can be improved at low cost.
In addition, since the pull-out force on the load-bearing wall is reduced, it becomes easier to design anchors and hole-down hardware that connect columns and foundations, and it becomes possible to reduce costs.
Furthermore, since the pull-out force is similarly reduced, it becomes easier to design a load-bearing wall with a high wall magnification.
Furthermore, by appropriately arranging the planar position that increases the height of the foundation, it is possible to add a design accent to the building.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front view of a conventional technology and the present invention of a load-bearing wall using a framework construction method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front view of a conventional technology and the present invention of a two-by-four load-bearing wall. Conceptual diagram of increasing the wall magnification of a load-bearing wall. 1 is a front view and a side view of an example of a wooden building to which the load-bearing wall of the present invention is applied. The front view and side view of another example of a wooden building to which the load-bearing wall of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 1 (1) is a load-bearing wall 2 of the conventional framework construction method, and FIG. 1 (2) is a front view of the load-bearing wall 2 of the framework construction method of the present invention, each of which is conceptually shown. This shows an extracted portion where the load-bearing wall 2 is installed.
In both the examples shown in Figs. 1 (1) and (2), the foundation 1 is a reinforced concrete foundation, and the load-bearing wall 2 of the frame construction method extends over the foundation 1 via the foundation 3 to the beam 4. It is fixed as a load-bearing wall 2.

In the conventional load-bearing wall shown in Fig. 1 (1), the height of the foundation 1 is constant, whereas in the present invention shown in Fig. 1 (2), the height of the foundation 1 at the part where the load-bearing wall 2 is installed is Therefore, the height of the load-bearing wall is reduced to one-half to one-third of that of a conventional load-bearing wall.
The structure of the load-bearing wall itself used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any structure may be used, but reinforcing metal fittings to increase the load-bearing strength, anchors that are a means of fixing to the foundation, and pillars are used. There is no need to increase the proof strength of the hole-down hardware, and costs can be reduced.

The load-bearing wall 2 shown in FIG. 2 is a load-bearing wall 2 of the two-by-four construction method to which the present invention is applied, and is based on the same idea as the frame construction method of FIG.
FIG. 2 (1) shows a conventional load-bearing wall 2, and FIG. 2 (2) shows a load-bearing wall 2 based on the present invention, in which the load-bearing wall 2 is fixed to a base 3 provided on a foundation 1. The upper part of 2 is fixed to the floor assembly 6. Similar to the framework construction method shown in FIG. 1, the foundation 10 where the load-bearing wall 2 is installed is partially elevated.

FIGS. 3(1) and 3(2) conceptually show the deformation state of the load-bearing wall 2 when a horizontal force such as during an earthquake acts.
In the prior art shown in FIG. 3(1), the amount of deformation due to horizontal force is indicated by D when the height of the foundation 1 is constant and the height of the load-bearing wall is H. In the present invention shown in FIG. 3 (2), the height of the foundation 1 in the part where the load-bearing wall 2 is installed is increased, and the height of the load-bearing wall 2 is one third of that of the conventional one ( H/3), the amount of deformation of the load-bearing wall 2 is D/3, which visually indicates that the load-bearing strength increases.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show two examples of the appearance of wooden buildings to which the load-bearing walls of the present invention are applied. Wooden buildings can be constructed using either frame construction or two-by-four construction.
In the example of FIG. 4, the height of the foundation 1 at the entrance of the building is the normal height, and a foundation 10 with a higher height is formed at the corner part, and load-bearing walls 2 of low height, 2 are provided on both sides of the corner. The foundations 1 and 10, which have different heights, are drawn in gray to emphasize them, and the load-bearing wall 2 is shown in dotted lines. Appropriate decoration can be applied to the walls and foundation surfaces. If it is desired to hide the existence of the high foundation 10, the foundation 10 may be covered with an appropriate wall material.
The example shown in FIG. 5 is an example in which the load-bearing walls 2 are provided not only at the corners but also at the middle part of the wall surface. Since no load-bearing wall is provided in the opening, there is no need to increase the height of the foundation 1, but this is an example in which high foundations 10 are made continuous.
The arrangement of the load-bearing walls 2 is not limited to the embodiment, and may be arranged so as to comprehensively resist horizontal forces depending on the topography of the construction site and the shape of the building.

1 Foundation 10 Elevated foundation 2 Load-bearing wall 3 Foundation 4 Beam 5 Column 6 Floor assembly

Claims (2)

The vertical position of the top surface of the foundation where load-bearing walls are installed in a wooden house is higher than the vertical position of the top surface of the foundation where load-bearing walls are not installed, and the height of the bottom surface of the foundation is approximately flat. A wooden house with a load-bearing wall whose height is lowered by the amount that the vertical position of the upper surface of the foundation is raised. The vertical position of the top surface of the foundation where load-bearing walls are installed in a wooden house is higher than the vertical position of the top surface of the foundation where load-bearing walls are not installed, and the height of the bottom surface of the foundation is approximately flat. By lowering the height of the load-bearing wall by the amount that the vertical position of the top surface of the foundation has been raised, the rigidity of the load-bearing wall is increased and the bearing capacity of the load-bearing wall is increased. How to increase it.