JP7035275B2 - ベンズイミダゾール化合物、及びアルツハイマー病又はハンチントン病の治療のためのその使用 - Google Patents
ベンズイミダゾール化合物、及びアルツハイマー病又はハンチントン病の治療のためのその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7035275B2 JP7035275B2 JP2021507528A JP2021507528A JP7035275B2 JP 7035275 B2 JP7035275 B2 JP 7035275B2 JP 2021507528 A JP2021507528 A JP 2021507528A JP 2021507528 A JP2021507528 A JP 2021507528A JP 7035275 B2 JP7035275 B2 JP 7035275B2
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- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 title claims description 19
- 208000023105 Huntington disease Diseases 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 483
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 204
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 175
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 164
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 152
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 151
- -1 benzimidazole compound Chemical class 0.000 description 94
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 75
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 61
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 238000006352 cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 39
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 37
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
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- WFRXSXUDWCVSPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-benzimidazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 WFRXSXUDWCVSPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 29
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- PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole Substances C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C=CN=C1 PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 28
- LEIMLDGFXIOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl cyanide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#N LEIMLDGFXIOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
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- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 24
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
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- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000006161 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- MWVDHRNJENPNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-benzimidazol-5-ylurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1=CC=C2N=CNC2=C1 MWVDHRNJENPNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
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- VXWBQOJISHAKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-formylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 VXWBQOJISHAKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
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- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 10
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LZNNBOWURANFDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-difluoro-4-formylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(C=O)C(F)=C1F LZNNBOWURANFDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UNILWMWFPHPYOR-KXEYIPSPSA-M 1-[6-[2-[3-[3-[3-[2-[2-[3-[[2-[2-[[(2r)-1-[[2-[[(2r)-1-[3-[2-[2-[3-[[2-(2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)acetyl]amino]propoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propylamino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-[(2r)-2,3-di(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl]sulfanyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl Chemical class O=C1C(SCCC(=O)NCCCOCCOCCOCCCNC(=O)COCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)NCCCOCCOCCOCCCNC(=O)COCC(N)=O)CC(=O)N1CCNC(=O)CCCCCN\1C2=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2CC/1=C/C=C/C=C/C1=[N+](CC)C2=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C1 UNILWMWFPHPYOR-KXEYIPSPSA-M 0.000 description 9
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- UAOUIVVJBYDFKD-XKCDOFEDSA-N (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,15S,18S,21R)-10,11,21-trihydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-14-methylidene-4-(prop-2-enylamino)-20-oxa-5-thia-3-azahexacyclo[9.7.2.112,15.01,9.02,6.012,18]henicosa-2(6),3-dien-13-one Chemical class C([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@]23C(C1=C)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]12C(N=C(NCC=C)S4)=C4CC(C)(C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@]3(O)OC2 UAOUIVVJBYDFKD-XKCDOFEDSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 8
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/427—Thiazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
化合物1~化合物67を、以下のスキーム1~スキーム18にそれぞれ示される合成方法1~合成方法18によって調製した。
それぞれ1,3-チアゾール-2-イル環を有する化合物1~化合物4を、以下のスキーム1に示される合成手順に従って調製した。(4-ホルミルフェニル)ボロン酸118を鈴木カップリング条件下で2-ブロモチアゾール誘導体119a~119dとカップリングさせて、4-(1,3-チアゾール-2-イル)ベンズアルデヒド誘導体120a~120dを得た。イミダゾリジノン環のコア構造を次の3工程で構築した。TMSCNを酢酸中のベンズアルデヒド120a~120d及び1H-ベンズイミダゾール-5-アミン121の溶液に加えた。反応混合物を室温で2時間撹拌し、次いで、後処理をしてアミノアセトニトリル122a~122dを得て、これを5℃~10℃で酢酸中、ラネーニッケル触媒を用いて水素化して、ジアミン123a~123dを得た。最終工程で、1,1’-カルボニルジイミダゾール(CDI)をTHF中のジアミン123a~123dの溶液に加え、次いで18時間75℃で撹拌した。カラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製後、化合物1~化合物4を得た。
前駆物質である4-(2-シクロプロピル-1,3-チアゾール-4-イル)ベンズアルデヒド127を、以下のスキーム2に示される2つの異なる鈴木カップリング条件下で合成した。出発物質である2,4-ジブロモ-1,3-チアゾール124を、触媒としてPd(OAc)2を使用して、シクロプロピルボロン酸125と2位で選択的にカップリングさせた。得られた生成物126を、触媒としてPd(dppf)Cl2を使用して(4-ホルミルフェニル)ボロン酸118と4位でカップリングさせて、1,3-チアゾール-4-イル環を有する前駆物質127を得た。次いで、この前駆物質を、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法1に示される手順に適用し、最終化合物(化合物5)を得た。
それぞれ3-チアゾール-5-イル環を有する化合物6~化合物8を、以下のスキーム3に示されるように8工程で調製した。市販の出発物質である4-(ブロモアセチル)-ベンゾニトリル130を、HMTAを使用する置換反応とそれに続くエタノール中の塩酸の溶液での還流の後、4-(アミノアセチル)ベンゾニトリル塩酸塩131に変換した。次いで、化合物131を様々な(variable)無水物132a~132cでアセチル化してアミド133a~133cを得て、続いてこれを還流下でTHF又はトルエン中のローソン試薬で処理して(1,3-チアゾール-5-イル)ベンゾニトリル類縁体134a~134cを得た。ベンゾニトリル類縁体134a~134cをDIBAL-Hによって還元し、ベンズアルデヒド前駆物質135a~135cを形成した。次いで、これらの前駆物質を、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法1に示される手順に適用して、化合物6~化合物8を得た。
それぞれチオフェン-2-イル環を有する化合物11及び化合物29~化合物32を、以下のスキーム4に示される合成手順によって調製した。4-ブロモベンズアルデヒド138a~138dを、鈴木カップリング条件下で2-置換チオフェン139a又は139bとそれぞれカップリングし、ベンズアルデヒド前駆物質140a~140eを得た。次いで、これらの前駆物質を、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法1に示される手順に適用して、化合物11及び化合物29~化合物32を得た。
チオフェン-2-イル環を有する化合物12をスキーム5に示される合成手順によって調製した。4-アセチルベンゾニトリル143を、ジメチルアセトアミド(DMA)中、FeCl3・6H2O及びK2S2O8を使用してα-メチレン化した。得られたα-メチレン生成物144は、ステッター条件下でシクロプロパンカルバルデヒドと反応して、1,4-ジカルボニル化合物146を形成した。次いで、このジカルボニル化合物をトルエン中、還流下、ローソン試薬で処理して、4-(5-シクロプロピルチオフェン-2-イル)ベンゾニトリル147を得て、これをDABAL-Hによって還元してベンズアルデヒド前駆物質148を形成した。次いで、この前駆物質を、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法1に示される手順に適用して、化合物12を得た。
それぞれチオフェン-2-イル環を有する化合物13及び化合物22~化合物24を、スキーム6に示す合成手順によって調製した。4-ブロモベンズアルデヒド138a~138dをそれぞれ2つの異なる鈴木カップリング条件下でチオフェンとカップリングさせて4-(チオフェン-2-イル)-ベンズアルデヒド152a~152dを形成した。ベンズアルデヒドをN-ヨードスクシンイミド(NIS)によってヨウ素化してヨウ素化生成物153a~153dを生成し、これをメチルジフルオロ-(フルオロ-スルホニル)アセテート154とヨウ化銅を使用してトリフルオロメチル化して前駆物質155a~155dを得た。次いで、これらの前駆物質を、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法1に示される手順に適用して、化合物13及び化合物22~化合物24を得た。
それぞれチオフェン-3-イル環を有する化合物14~化合物16及び化合物25~化合物28を、スキーム7に示す合成手順によって調製した。鈴木-宮浦カップリング条件下で、様々な(4-ホルミルフェニル)ボロン酸を3-ブロモチオフェン誘導体158a~158cとカップリングさせた。次いで、得られた生成物159a~159gを、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法1に示される手順に適用して、化合物14~化合物16及び化合物25~化合物28を得た。
チオフェン-3-イル環を有する化合物17を、以下のスキーム8に示される合成手順によって調製した。出発物質159aを酢酸中の臭素又はNBSによって選択的に臭素化して、2-臭素化チオフェン生成物162を得て、これを鈴木カップリング条件下でシクロプロピル-ボロン酸とカップリングさせて4-(2-シクロプロピル-チオフェン-3-イル)ベンズアルデヒド163を形成した。次いで、このベンズアルデヒドを、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法1に示される手順に適用して、化合物17を得た。
1,2,4-オキサジアゾール-3-イル環を有する化合物18を、スキーム9に示される合成手順によって調製した。出発物質である4-ホルミルベンゾニトリル166をモノエチレングリコール(MEG)で保護して、アセタール167を形成し、これを塩酸ヒドロキシルアミンと反応させてアミドキシム168を得た。アミドキシムをシクロプロパンカルボニルクロリドによってアセチル化し、次いで、トルエン中で還流して1,2,4-オキサジアゾール170を形成し、これを酸性条件下で脱保護した。得られた生成物171を、酢酸中、室温で2時間、TMSCN及び1H-ベンズイミダゾール-5-アミン121と反応させて、次いで、後処理して、アミノアセトニトリル172を得た。アミノアセトニトリルを酢酸中のPd/C触媒を用いて室温で一晩水素化して、ジアミン173を得た。最終工程で、1,1’-カルボニルジイミダゾールをTHF中のジアミン173の溶液に添加し、次いで、18時間75℃で撹拌した。カラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製後、最終的に化合物18を得た。
1,2-オキサゾール-3-イル環を有する化合物19を、スキーム10に示される合成手順によって調製した。出発物質であるシクロプロパンカルバルデヒド174を塩酸ヒドロキシルアミンと反応させてオキシム175を得て、これを最初にN-クロロスクシンイミド(NCS)で処理し、次に室温にてDMF中の4-エチニルベンズアルデヒド176で処理して1,2-オキサゾール前駆物質177を形成した。次いで、この前駆物質を、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法9に示される手順に適用して、化合物19を得た。
それぞれ2H-テトラゾール-5-イル環を有する化合物20及び化合物21を、スキーム11に示される合成手順によって調製した。出発物質である4-ホルミルベンゾニトリル166を、還流下でDMF中のアジ化ナトリウム及び塩化アンモニウムと反応させてテトラゾール化合物180を形成し、これを様々なハロゲン化アルキルで置換して、前駆物質181a及び181bを得た。次いで、これらの前駆物質を、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法9に示される手順に適用して、化合物20及び化合物21を得た。
1,3-チアゾール-2-イル環を有する化合物37を、スキーム12に示される合成手順によって調製した。(4-アセチルフェニル)ボロン酸184を鈴木カップリング条件下で2-ブロモ-4-(トリフルオロメチル)-1,3-チアゾール119dとカップリングさせた。得られた生成物185を二酸化セレンによって酸化して、グリオキサール186を得た。グリオキサールをHCl/AcOH(1/40体積/体積)中のベンズイミダゾリル尿素187と混合し、次に一晩還流した。減圧下で溶媒を除去した後、残留物をメタノール中の過剰のアンモニア溶液で数時間処理した。粗生成物をカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製して、化合物37を得た。
1,3-チアゾール-4-イル環を有する化合物38を、スキーム13に示される合成手順によって調製した。合成方法2に従って調製された中間体である4-ブロモ-2-シクロプロピル-1,3-チアゾール126を、鈴木カップリング条件下で(4-アセチルフェニル)ボロン酸184とカップリングさせた。得られたカップリング生成物188を、二酸化セレンによってグリオキサール189に酸化した。化合物38を、環化付加反応を介してグリオキサール189及びベンズイミダゾリル尿素187から形成した。手順は、合成方法12に示したものと同じであった。
それぞれ1,3-チアゾール-5-イル環を有する化合物39及び化合物40を、スキーム14に示す合成手順によって調製した。合成方法3に従って調製された中間体である1,3-チアゾール-5-イルベンゾニトリル134b及び134cを臭化メチルマグネシウムによってアセチル化した。得られたアセチル生成物190b及び190cを二酸化セレンによってグリオキサール191b及び191cに酸化した。化合物39及び化合物40を、環化付加反応を介してグリオキサール191b及び191c並びにベンズイミダゾリル尿素187から形成した。手順は、合成方法12に示したものと同じであった。
それぞれ2H-テトラゾール-5-イル環を有する化合物41~化合物52を、スキーム15に示される合成手順によって調製した。出発物質143は、DMF中での還流下でアジ化ナトリウム及び塩化アンモニウムと反応してテトラゾール192を形成し、これを様々なハロゲン化アルキルで置換して、前駆物質193a~193Iを得た。次いで、これらの前駆物質を、ヒダントインを形成するための合成方法12に示される手順に適用して、化合物41~化合物52を得た。
1,3-チアゾール-5-イル環を有する化合物57を、スキーム16に示される合成手順によって調製した。出発物質131をアダマンタン-1-カルボニルクロリド195でアセチル化して、アミド196を得た。続いて、アミド196をTHF中の還流下でローソン試薬と混合して(1,3-チアゾール-5-イル)-ベンゾニトリル197を得て、これをDIBAL-Hによって還元してベンズアルデヒド198を形成した。次いで、ベンズアルデヒド198を、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法1に示される手順に適用して、化合物57を得た。
それぞれチオフェン-3-イル環を有する化合物58~化合物65をスキーム17に示される合成手順によって調製した。2,3-ジフルオロ-4-ホルミルフェニルボロン酸118gを鈴木-宮浦カップリング条件下で3-ブロモチオフェン誘導体158a及び158b及び158d~158iとカップリングさせた。次いで、得られた生成物201a~201hを、イミダゾリジノンを形成するための合成方法1に示される手順に適用して、化合物58~化合物65を得た。
化合物66を、スキーム18に示されるメタノール中の水酸化カリウムの溶液中での化合物64の加水分解反応によって調製した。化合物67を、このスキームにも示されている乾燥THF中のLAHによる化合物64の還元によって調製した。
化合物8のキラル分離を、CHIRALPAK ICを使用してHPLCによって完了した。異性体画分をそれぞれ収集し、減圧下で溶媒を除去することにより、光学的に純粋な異性体(化合物9及び化合物10)をこのようにして得た。この分離の結果を以下に示す。
カラム:CHIRALPAK IC(IC00CE-OL002)、
カラムサイズ:内径0.46cm×長さ25cm、
注入:0.5μl、
移動相:100%メタノール、
流量:1.0ml/分、
検出:UV214nm、
温度:35℃、
HPLC装置:Shimadzu LC-20AD(CP-HPLC-06)、
保持E1(化合物9):5.494分、
保持E2(化合物10):6.379分
化合物13のキラル分離を、CHIRALPAK AD-Hを使用してHPLCによって完了した。異性体画分をそれぞれ収集し、減圧下で溶媒を除去することにより、光学的に純粋な異性体(化合物33及び化合物34)をこのようにして得た。この分離の結果を以下に示す。
カラム:CHIRALPAK AD-H(ADH0CD-UE022)、
カラムサイズ:内径0.46cm×長さ15cm、
注入:1.0μl、
移動相:ヘキサン/EtOH=60/40(v/v)、
流量:1.0ml/分、
検出:UV214nm、
温度:35℃、
HPLC装置:Shimadzu LC-20AT(CP-HPLC-09)、
保持E1(化合物33):4.270分、
保持E2(化合物34):5.679分
化合物16のキラル分離を、CHIRALPAK AD-Hを使用してHPLCによって完了した。異性体画分をそれぞれ収集し、減圧下で溶媒を除去することにより、光学的に純粋な異性体(化合物35及び化合物36)をこのようにして得た。この分離の結果を以下に示す。
カラム:CHIRALPAK AD-H(ADH0CD-UE022)、
カラムサイズ:内径0.46cm×長さ15cm、
注入:2.0μl、
移動相:ヘキサン/EtOH=70/30(v/v)、
流量:1.0ml/分、
検出:UV214nm、
温度:35℃、
HPLC装置:Shimadzu LC-20AD(CP-HPLC-08)、
保持E1(化合物35):7.273分、
保持E2(化合物36):9.232分
化合物25のキラル分離を、CHIRALPAK AD-Hを使用してHPLCによって完了した。異性体画分をそれぞれ収集し、減圧下で溶媒を除去することにより、光学的に純粋な異性体(化合物53及び化合物54)をこのようにして得た。この分離の結果を以下に示す。
カラム:CHIRALPAK AD-H(ADH0CD-UE022)、
カラムサイズ:内径0.46cm×長さ15cm、
注入:2.0μl、
移動相:ヘキサン/EtOH=70/30(v/v)、
流量:1.0ml/分、
検出:UV214nm、
温度:35℃、
HPLC装置:Shimadzu LC-20AD(CP-HPLC-08)、
保持E1(化合物53):2.166分、
保持E2(化合物54):2.767分
化合物28のキラル分離を、CHIRALPAK AD-Hを使用してHPLCによって完了した。異性体画分をそれぞれ収集し、減圧下で溶媒を除去することにより、光学的に純粋な異性体(化合物55及び化合物56)をこのようにして得た。この分離の結果を以下に示す。
カラム:CHIRALPAK AD-H(ADH0CD-UE022)、
カラムサイズ:内径0.46cm×長さ15cm、
注入:2.0μl、
移動相:ヘキサン/EtOH=70/30(v/v)、
流量:1.0ml/分、
検出:UV214nm、
温度:35℃、
HPLC装置:Shimadzu LC-20AD(CP-HPLC-08)、
保持E1(化合物55):3.827分、
保持E2(化合物56):7.914分
QC活性アッセイ
QCの酵素活性アッセイを、蛍光基質、すなわちL-グルタミニル2-ナフチルアミド(Gln-βNA)を使用して25℃で行った。Huang et al., Biochem. J. 2008, 411,181-190を参照されたい。100μlの反応混合物を調製した。300μMの蛍光基質、約0.2単位の補助酵素ヒトピログルタミルアミノペプチダーゼI(PAP I)(1単位は、同じアッセイ条件下で1分間に1μmolのpGlu-βNAを加水分解するのに必要なヒトPAP Iの量として定義される)、及びpH8.0の50mM Tris-HClで適切に希釈された組換えQCのアリコートを含んでいた。励起波長及び発光波長を、それぞれ320nm及び410nmに設定した。QCの添加により反応を開始した。QCの酵素活性を放出されたβNAの量から決定し、同じアッセイ条件下でβNAの標準曲線を使用して計算した。Synergy H4マイクロプレートリーダー(米国バーモント州ウィヌースキのBioTek)を使用して測定を行った。
基質としてGln-βNAを使用し、pH8.0及び25℃で反応速度定数を決定した。Huang et al., Biochem. J. 2008, 411, 181-190も参照されたい。上記の100μlの反応混合物にQCを加えることにより反応を開始した。初期速度を、最初の2分~12分間の基質枯渇が10%未満の時点で測定した。弱い基質阻害が観察されたため、反応速度パラメーターKm、V、及びKiを、等式、すなわち、v0=Vmax[S]/(Km+[S]+[S]2/Ki)を、KaleidaGraphソフトウェア(米国ペンシルベニア州レディングのSynergy Software)を使用して非線形回帰による初速度データにフィッティングすることによって評価した。式中、v0は初速度であり、Vmaxは限界速度であり、[S]は基質濃度であり、Kmはミカエリス定数であり、Kiは阻害定数である。
QC阻害剤の阻害活性アッセイを行った。Huang et al., J. Biol. Chem. 2011, 286, 12439-12449を参照されたい。300μMのGln-βNA及び約0.2単位のヒトPAP Iを含む反応混合物を調製した。QCを最初に阻害剤と共に25℃で30分間インキュベートし、次に酵素-阻害剤混合物を反応混合物に添加して環化反応を開始した。IC50値は、KaleidaGraphを使用して阻害剤濃度に対して初期反応速度をフィッティングすることによって得られた。阻害剤のKi値を、等式IC50=Ki(1+[S]/Km)に従って計算した。Segel, Enzyme Kinetics: Behavior and Analysis of Rapid Equilibrium、及びSteady-State Enzyme Systems, pp. 100-118. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1993を参照されたい。この等式では、[S]は基質(すなわち、Gln-βNA)濃度であり、Kmはミカエリス-メンテン定数である。Ki値が低いほど、阻害剤のQC阻害率が高くなる。
化合物37は、QCの阻害において強い効力(Ki=0.018μM)を示し、マウスで望ましい薬物動態特性(F%=11)を示した(F%は、体循環に到達する経口投与薬の割合である)。したがって、該化合物を、APP/PS1マウス(ジャクソン研究所、メイン州)を使用したトランスジェニックマウスモデルにおける更なる動物研究のために選択した。Schilling et al., Nat. Med. 2008, 14, 1106-1111及びLi et al., J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, 6664-6677を参照されたい。APP/PS1マウスは、キメラマウス/ヒトアミロイド前駆タンパク質(Mo/HuAPP695swe)及び変異型ヒトプレセニリン1(PS1-dE9)を発現するダブルトランスジェニックマウスであり、どちらもCNSニューロンを対象としている。これらの2つの変異は、早期発症型アルツハイマー病に関連している。動物実験では、生後4ヵ月のAPP/PS1マウスを、水及び餌を自由に摂取できる昼12時間/夜12時間のサイクルで飼育した。化合物37をAPP/PS1マウスに3.5ヵ月間経口投与して、そのin vivo活性を判断した。投与後、各マウスの認知機能及び脳の病態を分析した。得られた分析データは、APP/PS1マウスの脳組織におけるAβ沈着物の枯渇を示した。
本明細書に開示される特徴の全てを任意の組合せで組み合わせてもよい。本明細書に開示されるそれぞれの特徴は、同じ目的、同等の目的又は類似の目的にかなう代替的な特徴によって置き換えることができる。このように、表現上特に記載が無い限り、本明細書に開示されるそれぞれの特徴は、一連の同等の特徴又は類似の特徴の一例に過ぎない。
Claims (12)
- YがCH2である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R3、R4、R5、及びR6が、独立して、H又はFである、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- YがC=Oである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R3、R4、R5、及びR6が、Hである、請求項5に記載の化合物。
- R3、R4、R5、及びR6が、独立して、H又はFである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物と薬学的に許容可能な担体とを含む医薬組成物。
- アルツハイマー病又はハンチントン病を治療するための医薬組成物であって、請求項1に記載の化合物を含む医薬組成物。
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