JP7018682B1 - How to build a solid foundation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To construct a solid foundation at low cost by further shortening the construction period by constructing a solid foundation without providing waste concrete. SOLUTION: The method of constructing a solid foundation includes a preparatory step of preparing a concrete block 10 including a rising wall portion 1, a bottom plate portion 2 and a plurality of reinforcing bars 3, and a position for supporting an upper structure of a building in a construction area 30. The arrangement process of arranging the concrete block 10 in the concrete block 10, the reinforcement arrangement process of arranging the reinforcing bar 23 for placing using the connecting protrusion 3x of the concrete block 10, and the mold along the rising wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10. The mold installation process for installing the frame 24, the casting bottom plate 22 continuous with the bottom plate 2 by placing concrete inside the mold 24, and the casting establishment upper wall portion continuous with the rising wall 1. It includes a concrete placing step of molding the 21 and further, and further includes a laying step of laying the flat plate panel 35 on the ground in the area where the concrete block 10 is arranged as a pre-step of the arranging step. [Selection diagram] Fig. 3

Description

Application of Article 30, Paragraph 2 of the Patent Act Construction date: February 25, 3rd year Construction site: Fit Co., Ltd. (226-3 Tokumei Maezunishi, Aizumi-cho, Itano-gun, Tokushima Prefecture) Construction date: March 11th, 3rd year of Reiwa Date Construction site: Private housing (3-26-13, Atake, Tokumei City, Tokumei Prefecture) Construction date: April 11, 3rd year of Reiwa Construction location: Private housing (189-41 Ishii, Ishii-cho, Maezunishi-gun, Tokumei Prefecture)

The present invention relates to a method for constructing a solid foundation of a building.

There are two types of foundations to be built at the bottom of a building, one is traditionally called a cloth foundation and the other is a solid foundation. The cloth foundation has a structure in which reinforced concrete molded in an inverted T shape is continuously provided only under the wall of the building, whereas the solid foundation is not only on the outer circumference of the building and under the pillars, but also. The structure is such that the entire bottom is supported by reinforced concrete. In the past, cloth foundations were the mainstream in wooden houses, but in recent years, solid foundations have become the mainstream due to the effects of the earthquake and other disasters.

The conventional general solid foundation is constructed as follows.
(1) As topographical work, after excavating the construction area by root cutting work, crushed stones are laid, compacted with a compactor, a moisture-proof sheet is laid, and then discarded concrete is placed.
(2) Inking is performed on the discarded concrete, and reinforcement work is performed based on this. In the bar arrangement work, multiple reinforcing bars are crossed vertically and horizontally at predetermined intervals in the horizontal plane to arrange the reinforcing bars to be buried in the base part, which is the batholith, and the reinforcing bars to be buried inside the rising part up, down, left and right. Reinforcing.
(3) Install a formwork on the outer circumference of the foundation along the markings drawn on the discarded concrete. In addition, a formwork for molding the rising portion to be molded along the outer circumference of the foundation and the rising portion to be molded in the inner region of the foundation is installed. These formwork are installed in a position perpendicular to the predetermined position specified by the marking.
(4) Install structural hardware that connects the foundation and pillars of the building to the foundation at a predetermined position in the formwork.
(5) Concrete is cast in the formwork to form the base and the rising part. At this time, the upper surface of the base portion and the rising portion is leveled with a trowel and flattened.
(6) After the concrete is sufficiently hardened, the outer peripheral part and the inner formwork are removed to construct a solid foundation.

As described above, at the installation site, the solid foundation is hardened by arranging reinforcing bars on the entire surface of the construction area, framing the concrete formwork around and inside, and then placing concrete in the formwork. Let and mold. Since this work is complicated and time-consuming due to the complicated and time-consuming work of arranging the reinforcing bars and installing the formwork, the time required for the construction is long, and a craftsman with specialized skills is required, so the cost is high due to labor costs and the like. It gets higher. In addition, with the conventional solid foundation, the amount of concrete poured into the formwork is large, and it takes a long time to inject it on site and to cure the concrete until it hardens. Furthermore, as the chronic labor shortage continues in recent years, there has been a problem that the aging of basic construction companies for wooden houses and the retention of young people have not progressed, and conventional construction methods cannot meet the demand.

In order to solve such a problem, the present inventor can easily construct a solid foundation, can install it even if he / she is not a foundation contractor, can realize a significant shortening of the construction period, and is low. We have developed a method for constructing a solid foundation that can be constructed at low cost. (See Patent Document 1)

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-143354

In this solid foundation construction method, multiple concrete blocks manufactured in advance at a factory or the like are transported to the site, concrete blocks are installed at predetermined positions in the construction area of the foundation of the building, and the concrete blocks are continuous. It is constructed by molding the cast concrete part from the concrete cast on site. As shown in FIG. 18, the concrete block 910 has a vertical posture rising wall portion 901, a bottom board portion 902 extending horizontally from the lower part of the rising wall portion 901, and a rising wall portion 901 and a bottom board portion 902. It is molded into a shape including a plurality of reinforcing bars 903 which are embedded in a concrete structure and partially form a connecting projecting portion 903x which projects horizontally from the end surface of the rising wall portion 901 and the bottom plate portion 902.

This solid foundation construction method constructs a solid foundation in the following steps.
(1) As topographical work, after excavating the construction area 930 by root cutting work, crushed stones are laid, compacted with a compactor from above, a moisture-proof sheet is laid, and then discarded concrete 932 is placed.
(2) After the cast concrete is hardened, marking is performed on the discarded concrete 932, and the outer peripheral line 931 of the building is displayed.
(3) A concrete block 910 is placed on the outer peripheral line 931 of the building.
(4) Using a plurality of connecting protrusions 903x protruding from the concrete block 910, reinforcing bars for casting to be embedded in the concrete to be cast are arranged.
(5) A formwork is installed along the side surface of the rising wall portion 901 of the concrete block 910.
(6) Concrete is cast inside the formwork to form the cast concrete portion. As the cast concrete portion, a cast bottom plate portion continuous with the bottom plate portion 902 and a cast establishment upper wall portion continuous with the rise wall portion 901 are molded.
(7) After the placed concrete is sufficiently dried and hardened, the formwork is removed. A solid foundation is built in this state.

As described above, the method of constructing a foundation using concrete blocks has a feature that a solid foundation can be constructed at low cost while significantly shortening the construction period as compared with the conventional construction method. However, with this construction method, as with the conventional construction method, waste concrete for marking out is formed, so it takes more than a day for the cast concrete to harden, and there is a problem that this process takes time. there were. In addition, when placing discarded concrete, it is necessary to level the surface evenly, and this work requires skill. Further, it is difficult to make the surface into a completely flat surface by manual leveling work, and the surface shape has some irregularities. Therefore, when arranging the concrete block on the formed waste concrete, fine adjustment is required to arrange the concrete block so that it has the correct horizontal posture, and there is a problem that this adjustment takes time. rice field.

The present invention has been made to solve such conventional problems. One of the objects of the present invention is that the construction method using concrete blocks makes it easy to construct a solid foundation, and it can be installed even if the person is not a foundation contractor, and the construction period can be significantly shortened. The purpose is to provide a technology that can further shorten the construction period and construct a solid foundation at low cost by constructing a solid foundation without providing waste concrete while constructing at low cost.

Means for solving problems and the effect of the invention

The method for constructing a solid foundation according to an aspect of the present invention is a method of constructing a solid foundation in a vertical posture, which is integrally molded with concrete so as to extend horizontally to the lower part of the rising wall portion and the rising wall portion. A plurality of reinforcing bars embedded in a rising wall portion and a bottom plate portion, and a part thereof protruding horizontally from the end faces of a part of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion to form a connecting protruding portion. A preparatory step for preparing a concrete block, a placement step for arranging the concrete block at a position supporting the superstructure of the building in the construction area for constructing the foundation of the building, and a plurality of connecting protrusions protruding from the concrete block. Using it, the reinforcement arrangement process of arranging the reinforcing bars for placing to be buried in the concrete to be placed, the mold installation process of installing the mold along the rising wall of the concrete block, and the mold It includes a concrete placing process in which concrete is placed inside to form a driving bottom plate portion continuous with the bottom plate portion and a casting establishment upper wall portion continuous with the rising wall portion. The solid foundation construction method further includes a laying step of laying a flat plate panel on the ground in the area where the concrete block is placed as a pre-step of the laying process, and is performed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel laid in the laying step. , Place the concrete block in the placement process and place it in place. Furthermore, as a pre-process of the laying process, a deep moat part excavated deeply along the outer peripheral line of the building and a step central part formed higher than the deep moat part inside the deep moat part on the outer peripheral part of the foundation construction area. In the laying process, a flat plate panel is laid in the deep moat. The concrete block placed in the deep moat has a rooting portion at the lower end of the rising wall portion, which is molded thicker than the rising wall portion and protrudes from the lower surface of the batholith, and is at least concrete in the laying process. A flat plate panel is laid in the area facing the entire bottom surface of the base of the block.

According to the above construction method, as a pre-process of the placement process, a laying process of laying a flat plate panel in the area where the concrete block is placed is provided, so that the concrete block is easily and easily placed in a fixed position in the placement process. You can build a solid foundation. In particular, by laying a flat plate panel, which is a molded product, without forming waste concrete as in the past, concrete blocks can be easily and easily placed in place, reducing the process of placing concrete on site. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently build a solid foundation while reducing the amount of work on site and shortening the work time. Therefore, it can be constructed at low cost while shortening the construction period as compared with the conventional solid foundation.

In the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, the flat plate panel is a panel material having at least one main surface as a flat surface, and in the laying process, the flat plate panel is placed on the ground so that the flat surface is the upper surface. Lay.

According to the above construction method, a panel material having at least one main surface as a flat surface is used as the flat plate panel, and the flat plate panel is laid so that the flat surface is the upper surface, so that the concrete block can be easily formed with respect to the flat surface of the flat plate panel. It can be placed easily and easily while specifying its posture. In the waste concrete constructed under the concrete block in the conventional construction method, it is difficult to level the concrete at the time of construction, the surface cannot be made completely flat, and some unevenness is formed on the surface. For this reason, when placing a concrete block on this surface, it is difficult to place the concrete block in an accurate horizontal position, and between the surface of the discarded concrete and the concrete block, a concrete block is placed. It was necessary to place the concrete block while interposing a member for adjusting the posture. On the other hand, by making the upper surface of the flat plate panel to be laid flat, the concrete block can be easily and easily placed in an accurate posture when the concrete block is placed. Therefore, while the process of arranging the concrete block is simple and easy, the concrete block can be placed while specifying the posture with high accuracy, and the foundation can be constructed at low cost.

The method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention is further arranged in a placement step on the upper surface of a flat plate panel laid in the laying step as a post-step of the laying step and a pre-step of the placement step. It includes a marking process that displays the outer line of the building that identifies the placement position of the concrete block.

According to the above construction method, the outer peripheral line of the building that specifies the placement position of the concrete block is marked on the upper surface of the flat plate panel, so that the outer peripheral line can be displayed easily and accurately, and the concrete block can be displayed along this outer peripheral line. Can be placed in the correct position.

In the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, as a pre-process of the laying process, a deep moat portion deeply excavated along the outer peripheral line of the building and a deep moat portion are further formed on the outer peripheral portion of the foundation construction region. It includes a groundwork process in which a central portion of a step formed higher than the deep moat portion is provided inside the slab, and a flat plate panel is laid in the deep moat portion in the laying process.

According to the above construction method, a flat plate panel is laid in the deep moat part excavated deeply along the outer peripheral line that is the outer shell of the building, and the concrete block is placed on it. It can be placed while being positioned accurately.

In the method of constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, a flat plate panel is laid over the entire circumference of the building in the laying process.

According to the above construction method, the outer peripheral wall of the foundation is constructed on the flat plate panel spread all around the building, so that the boundary between the outer peripheral wall of the constructed foundation and the ground can be made to have a beautiful appearance. be. In addition, since the flat plate panel is laid over the entire circumference of the building, when marking on the upper surface of the flat plate panel, both the outer peripheral line for positioning the concrete block and the outer peripheral line for positioning the upper wall of the concrete block are accurately displayed. can.

In the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, the concrete block arranged in the deep moat portion is molded thicker than the rising wall portion at the lower end portion of the rising wall portion and protrudes from the lower surface of the batholith portion. A flat plate panel is laid in the area facing the rooting portion of the concrete block in the laying process.

According to the above construction method, since the flat plate panel is laid in the area facing the rooting portion with respect to the concrete block provided with the rooting portion, the concrete block can be reliably supported while reducing the area of the flat plate panel.

In the method of constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, in the laying step, a vertical posture Yamadome panel is arranged at the boundary portion between the deep moat portion and the central portion of the step.

According to the above-mentioned construction method, there is a feature that the central portion of the step can be effectively prevented from collapsing from the outer peripheral portion by arranging the mountain retaining panel in a vertical posture at the boundary portion between the deep moat portion and the central portion of the step. In addition, the height of the Yamadome panel arranged in a vertical position allows the ground work to be done while visually recognizing the height difference between the deep moat and the center of the step.

The method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention is integrally molded with a concrete rising wall portion in a vertical posture and concrete so as to extend horizontally to the lower part of the rising wall portion. A plurality of reinforcing bars embedded in the bottom plate portion, the rising wall portion, and the bottom plate portion, and a part thereof is projected in the horizontal direction from the end faces of a part of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion to form a connecting protrusion. A preparatory step for preparing a concrete block, a placement step for arranging the concrete block at a position supporting the superstructure of the building in the construction area for constructing the foundation of the building, and a plurality of connecting protrusions protruding from the concrete block. Reinforcing reinforcement process for arranging the reinforcing bars for casting to be buried in the concrete to be placed, the mold installation process for installing the mold along the rising wall of the concrete block, and the mold. It includes a concrete placing step of placing concrete on the inside of the concrete to form a continuous placing bottom plate portion on the bottom plate portion and a continuous driving establishment upper wall portion on the rising wall portion. The solid foundation construction method further includes a laying step of laying a flat plate panel on the ground in the area where the concrete block is placed as a pre-step of the laying process, and is performed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel laid in the laying step. , Place the concrete block in the placement process and place it in place. Furthermore, as a pre-process of the laying process, a deep moat part excavated deeply along the outer peripheral line of the building and a step central part formed higher than the deep moat part inside the deep moat part on the outer peripheral part of the foundation construction area. In the laying process, a flat plate panel is laid in the deep moat. In the laying process, a vertical posture of the mountain retaining panel is arranged at the boundary between the deep moat portion and the central portion of the step, and the mountain retaining panel is held in the vertical posture via a fixture held in the upright posture by the flat plate panel.

According to the above construction method, the fixing tool is held in the upright posture by the flat plate panel laid in the deep moat part, and the mountain retaining panel is held in the vertical posture through the fixing tool, so that the mountain retaining panel can be easily and easily held. It can be held in a vertical position while being placed in place.

In the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, a flat plate panel is laid in the center of the step in the laying process, and a concrete block is placed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel laid in the center of the step in the placement process. Place.

According to the above construction method, in the central portion of the step provided inside the construction area of the foundation, a concrete block is placed in a portion supporting the superstructure, and a flat plate panel is laid below the concrete block, so that the construction area is formed. While arranging the concrete block easily, easily, and accurately even inside the concrete block, it is possible to efficiently mold the standing upper wall portion continuous with the rising wall portion of the concrete block.

A method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention is an opening-shaped block in which a concrete block arranged in the center of a step is an open block in which the center of the rising wall is cut off and a notch is provided. Is an opening for people to pass through.

According to the above method, by arranging a concrete block having a notch cut out from the central portion of the rising wall portion in the central portion of the step, the rising wall formed inside the construction area can be easily and easily communicated. An opening can be formed.

In the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, the concrete block is provided with a through hole penetrating the bottom plate portion, and in the concrete placing process, the through hole is used as an air vent hole below the bottom plate portion. Fill with concrete.

According to the above-mentioned construction method, when concrete is placed, the through hole provided in the batholith can be used as an air vent hole to fill the concrete below the batholith. Therefore, even in the narrow gap below the batholith, the concrete is filled while the air is drawn upward from the through hole, so that the concrete can be filled while quickly flowing into the entire area below the batholith.

In the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, the concrete block is provided with a through hole penetrating the bottom plate portion, and in the concrete placing process, the through hole is used as a confirmation window below the bottom plate portion. Visually check the filling state of the concrete to be filled in.

According to the above construction method, when placing concrete, the through hole provided in the batholith can be used as a confirmation window, and the concrete can be placed while visually checking the filling state of the concrete below the batholith. Concrete can be reliably filled under the part.

In the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, the concrete block is provided with a plurality of through holes penetrating the bottom plate portion, and mortar is provided from any of the through holes in the concrete placing step. At the same time as injecting, fill the lower part of the bottom of the mortar while checking the filling state of the mortar using the other through holes as a confirmation window.

According to the above construction method, the filling state of the mortar injected from one of the plurality of through holes provided in the bottom plate can be confirmed by the other through holes, so that the bottom plate can be easily and surely used. Mortar can be filled underneath.

In the preparation step, the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention is formed as a concrete block in an L shape so that the rising wall portion is continuous with two sides orthogonal to each other in the plan view of the bottom plate portion. A corner block is prepared, and the corner block is placed at the corner of the outer peripheral line of the building in the placement process.

According to the above construction method, the corner blocks are placed at the corners of the outer peripheral line of the building, so that the batholiths that are continuous with the batholith and the batholiths that are continuous with the riser walls are established using these corner blocks as guides. The wall can be easily and easily molded.

In the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, in the preparatory step, one end of an intermediate wall portion integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion in an upright position as a concrete block is orthogonal to the intermediate portion of the rising wall portion. The intermediate wall part and the rising wall part are connected in a T-shaped view, and a part of the reinforcing bar embedded in the intermediate wall part is horizontally connected from the other end face of the intermediate wall part. A T-shaped block that protrudes into the concrete and serves as a connecting protrusion is prepared, and in the placement process, the T-shaped block is placed inside the straight part or the construction area of the outer peripheral line of the building, and the reinforcing bar arrangement process and the formwork are installed. A continuous casting intermediate wall portion is formed on the intermediate wall portion of the T-shaped block by the step and the concrete placing step.

According to the above construction method, by using a concrete block in which the rising wall portion and the intermediate wall portion are orthogonal to each other to form a T-shape in a plan view, the rising wall portion and the intermediate wall portion orthogonal to each other are easily and accurately molded. At the same time, the amount of concrete placed on site can be further reduced, and construction can be carried out at low cost. Further, by using the intermediate wall portion of the T-shaped block, the casting intermediate wall portion continuous with the intermediate wall portion can be easily, easily, and accurately molded.

The method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention is integrally molded with a concrete rising wall portion in a vertical posture and concrete so as to extend horizontally to the lower part of the rising wall portion. A plurality of reinforcing bars embedded in the bottom plate portion, the rising wall portion, and the bottom plate portion, and a part thereof is projected in the horizontal direction from the end faces of a part of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion to form a connecting protrusion. A preparatory step for preparing a concrete block, a placement step for arranging the concrete block at a position supporting the superstructure of the building in the construction area for constructing the foundation of the building, and a plurality of connecting protrusions protruding from the concrete block. Reinforcing reinforcement process for arranging the reinforcing bars for casting to be buried in the concrete to be placed, the mold installation process for installing the mold along the rising wall of the concrete block, and the mold. It includes a concrete placing step of placing concrete on the inside of the concrete to form a continuous placing bottom plate portion on the bottom plate portion and a continuous driving establishment upper wall portion on the rising wall portion. The solid foundation construction method further includes a laying step of laying a flat plate panel on the ground in the area where the concrete block is placed as a pre-step of the laying process, and is performed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel laid in the laying step. , Place the concrete block in the placement process and place it in place. In the preparatory step, as a concrete block, one end of the intermediate wall portion integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom board portion in an upright posture is connected in a posture orthogonal to the intermediate portion of the rising wall portion, and the intermediate wall portion and the rising wall portion are connected. A second T-shaped block is prepared in which the plan view of the is T-shaped and the end surface of the other end of the intermediate wall portion is a vertical surface formed of concrete, and the second T-shaped block is prepared in the arrangement process. The block is placed on the straight part of the outer peripheral line of the building or inside the building, and by the reinforcement arrangement process, the formwork installation process, and the concrete placing process, on the extension line of the intermediate wall part of the second T-shaped block. A discontinuous casting intermediate wall portion is formed from the intermediate wall portion, and the end surface of the casting intermediate wall portion is separated from the end surface of the intermediate wall portion to form a communication opening between the opposite end faces.

According to the above method, on the extension line of the intermediate wall portion of the second T-shaped block arranged in the straight line portion of the outer peripheral line of the building or the inside of the construction area, the intermediate wall portion and the casting intermediate wall portion discontinuous with the intermediate wall portion are formed. By molding and arranging the end faces of the casting intermediate wall portions facing each other and the end faces of the intermediate wall portions apart from each other, a communication opening can be easily and easily formed in the rising wall formed inside the construction area. Can be formed.

In the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, the flat plate panel is a cement plate or a concrete panel mixed with reinforcing fibers.

Further, in the method for constructing a solid foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, a flat plate panel is used as an outer wall panel of a building.

It is a perspective view which shows the solid foundation constructed by the construction method of the solid foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the groundwork process of the solid foundation construction method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the laying process of the solid foundation construction method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the arrangement process of the solid foundation construction method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the arrangement process of the solid foundation construction method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the bar arrangement process of the method of constructing a solid foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the formwork installation process of the solid foundation construction method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the concrete placing process of the method of constructing a solid foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is an enlarged sectional view of the solid foundation constructed by the method of constructing the solid foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, and is the figure corresponding to the IX-IX line cross section of FIG. It is a top view which shows an example of a concrete block. It is a perspective view of the concrete block shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows another example of a concrete block. It is a perspective view which shows another example of a concrete block. It is a perspective view which shows another example of a concrete block. It is a perspective view which shows another example of a concrete block. It is an enlarged cross-sectional perspective view which shows the laying process. It is an enlarged cross-sectional view which shows the formwork installation process, and is the figure corresponding to the XVII-XVII line cross section of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the construction method of the solid foundation which the present inventor developed earlier.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments shown below are examples for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and are not specified as the following or methods. Further, the present specification does not specify the members shown in the claims as the members of the embodiment. In particular, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, etc. of the components described in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to the specific description, but are merely described. It's just an example. The size and positional relationship of the members shown in each drawing may be exaggerated for the sake of clarity. Further, in the following description, members of the same or the same quality are shown with the same name and reference numeral, and detailed description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. Further, each element constituting the present invention may be configured such that a plurality of elements are composed of the same member and the plurality of elements are combined with one member, or conversely, the function of one member is performed by the plurality of members. It can also be shared and realized.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a solid foundation for a building constructed by the method for constructing a solid foundation according to an embodiment of the present invention. The solid foundation shown in the figure is a concrete block 10 that is manufactured in advance at a factory or the like and is transported to the site and installed, and a concrete that is continuously placed on the concrete block 10 and is molded by the concrete. It is composed of a concrete portion 20 and a concrete portion 20. The solid foundation shown in FIG. 1 is constructed by a construction method including the following steps shown in FIGS. 2 to 8.

[How to build a solid foundation]
The method of constructing a solid foundation is as follows: a vertical posture rising wall portion 1, a bottom plate portion 2 extending horizontally from the lower part of the rising wall portion 1, and a rising wall portion 1 and a bottom plate portion 2. A preparatory step for preparing a concrete block 10 including a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 forming a connecting protruding portion 3x in which a part of the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 project in the horizontal direction, and a foundation of the building. In the construction area 30 to be constructed, the arrangement step of arranging the concrete block 10 at a position supporting the upper structure of the building (see FIGS. 4 and 5) and the plurality of connecting protrusions 3x protruding from the concrete block 10 are used. , Reinforcing bar arrangement process (see FIG. 6) for arranging the placing reinforcing bar 23 to be embedded in the concrete to be placed, and setting of the form frame 24 along the rising wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10. In the process (see FIG. 7), concrete is placed inside the mold 24, and the placing bottom plate portion 22 continuous with the bottom plate portion 2 and the casting establishment upper wall portion 21 continuous with the rising wall portion 1 are formed. It includes a concrete placing process for molding (see FIG. 8). The solid foundation construction method further includes a laying step (see FIG. 3) in which the flat plate panel 35 is laid on the ground 39 in the area where the concrete block 10 is placed as a pre-step of the laying step. The concrete block 10 is placed on the upper surface of the laid flat plate panel 35 in the placement process and placed in a fixed position.

Further, as a pre-process of the laying process, the solid foundation construction method includes a deep moat portion 30A deeply excavated along the outer peripheral line 31 of the building on the outer peripheral portion of the foundation construction region 30, and the inside of the deep moat portion 30A. In the laying process, the flat plate panel 35 can be laid in the deep digging portion 30A, including a groundwork step (see FIG. 2) in which the step central portion 30B formed higher than the deep digging portion 30A is provided.

The solid foundation construction method is further a post-process of the laying process, and as a pre-process of the laying process, the concrete block 10 arranged in the laying process is placed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel 35 laid in the laying process. A marking step (see FIG. 3) that displays the outer peripheral line 31 of the building that specifies the position can be included.

Hereinafter, each step of the method for constructing a solid foundation according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. In this specification, the "superstructure of a building" refers to structures such as columns, walls, braces, floors, and partitions that are fixed directly on the rising wall of the foundation via a foundation. It shall mean. Further, in the present specification, the "peripheral line of the building" means the lower end of the building constructed in the construction area, that is, the line along the outer periphery of the solid foundation to be constructed.

[Preparation process]
In the preparation process, a concrete block with the structure shown below is prepared. The concrete blocks prepared in the preparation step are shown in FIGS. 9 to 15. The concrete block 10 shown in these figures has a rising wall portion 1 molded of concrete in a vertical posture and a bottom plate portion 2 integrally molded of concrete so as to extend horizontally to the lower portion of the rising wall portion 1. It is embedded in the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2, and a part thereof is projected horizontally from the end faces of a part of the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 to form a connecting protruding portion 3x. It is provided with a plurality of reinforcing bars 3. The shape of the concrete block 10 differs depending on where it is placed, and it is molded into various shapes.

(Concrete block 10, corner block 10A)
FIG. 9 shows a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state in which the concrete block 10 is installed in the construction area 30 and the concrete is placed. Further, FIGS. 10 and 11 show a plan view and a perspective view of the corner block 10A arranged at the corner portion of the building, respectively.

The concrete blocks 10 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 are formed of concrete so as to extend horizontally from the rising wall portion 1 molded of concrete in a vertical posture and the inner side surface of the lower portion of the rising wall portion 1. It is provided with a bottom board portion 2 and a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 embedded in a rising wall portion 1 and a bottom board portion 2. A part of the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 is projected in the horizontal direction from the end faces of a part of the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 to form a connecting protruding portion 3x. Since the concrete block 10 shown in the figure is arranged at the corner portion of the building, the concrete block 10 is provided with a rising wall portion 1 formed in an L shape so as to be continuous with two sides orthogonal to each other in a plan view of the batholith portion 2. There is. In the concrete block 10, a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 are projected in the horizontal direction from the end faces other than the outer surface 1x to form a connecting protruding portion 3x. That is, the corner block 10A in the figure has a plurality of connecting protrusions 3x from both end faces of the L-shaped rising wall portion 1 in a plan view and adjacent end faces of the batholith portion 2 which is the same surface as these end faces. It is projected in the direction of intersection.

In the concrete block 10, the flat plate panel 35 is laid on the ground 39 compacted by the groundwork process (see FIG. 2) by the laying process (see FIG. 3), and then the flat panel 35 is marked on the flat plate panel 35. It is installed with reference to the outer peripheral line 31 (indicated by a chain line in FIG. 3). The construction area 30 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is a deep-drilled portion 30A deeply excavated along the outer peripheral line 31 of the building and a region inside the deep-drilled portion 30A, and is formed one step higher than the deep-drilled portion 30A. It is divided into the central portion 30B of the step. The deep moat portion 30A is a region where a rising portion formed on the outer peripheral portion of the solid foundation is constructed, and the step center portion 30B is a region where a base portion formed inside the rising portion is constructed.

The concrete block 10 arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the construction region 30 is arranged so that the rising wall portion 1 is located at the deep moat portion 30A and the bottom plate portion 2 is located at the step center portion 30B. Further, in the concrete blocks 10 of FIGS. 9 and 10, the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 is used as the positioning surface 9, and the positioning surface 9 is arranged so as to coincide with the outer peripheral line 31 to form the concrete block 10. It is arranged at a fixed position in the construction area 30. The corner block 10A shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 coincides with the outer peripheral surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 intersecting in a plan view L-shape with respect to the outer peripheral line 31 which is a corner portion of the building and intersects vertically and horizontally. It shows the state to make it. As a result, the concrete blocks 10 are arranged while being accurately positioned in the vertical and horizontal directions. As described above, the method of arranging the outer surface 1x of the concrete block 10 so as to coincide with the outer peripheral line 31 is the simplest and most accurate method of arranging the concrete block 10 in a fixed position. However, in the concrete block 10, the outer peripheral line 31 can be displayed as the center line of the rising wall portion 1, and the outer peripheral line 31 and the center line of the rising wall portion 1 can be aligned and positioned.

(Rising wall part 1)
The rising wall portion 1 is in a vertical posture and is molded of concrete into a plate shape having a predetermined thickness. The rising wall portion 1 in the vertical posture has a predetermined height and is extended in the width direction so that the front shape seen from the outer surface 1x is rectangular. In addition, in this specification, the expression "extending in the horizontal direction" is not only a state in which it extends in the horizontal plane, but also a state in which the rising wall portion 1 in a vertical posture extends in the width direction in the front view. It is used in a broad sense including. Further, the rising wall portion 1 in the vertical posture has a flat outer surface 1x and an inner side surface on both sides thereof. Further, the rising wall portion 1 shown in FIGS. 9 and 11 is provided with a rooting portion 4 molded thicker than the rising wall portion 1 at the lower end portion thereof. The rooting portion 4 is integrally molded with the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 so as to protrude from the lower surface of the bottom plate portion 2. Here, the thickness (t) of the rising wall portion 1 can be 120 mm or more. The rising wall portion 1 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 has a thickness (t) of 150 mm. The thickness (d) of the rooting portion 4 is thicker than 150 mm, preferably thicker than 200 mm, and more preferably thicker than 250 mm. The rooting portion 4 shown in the figure has a thickness (d) of 300 mm. Further, the amount of protrusion (T) at which the rooting portion 4 protrudes from the lower surface of the bottom plate portion 2 is set to 100 mm. This protrusion amount (T) is equal to the step between the upper surface of the flat plate panel 35 laid in the deep moat portion 30A and the step center portion 30B.

The rising wall portion 1 is installed in the deep moat portion 30A in the construction area 30, and is arranged so that the lower portion is buried in the ground. The rising wall portion 1 is designed so that the rooting portion 4 is completely buried in the ground. The depth (D) of the deep moat portion 30A is 100 mm or more, preferably 120 mm or more. The deep moat portion 30A shown in FIG. 9 has a depth (D) of 150 mm. Therefore, in the rising wall portion 1, the portion 150 mm from the lower end becomes the ground level (GL), and the portion below this is buried in the ground. Further, the rising wall portion 1 is designed so that the height of the rising wall portion 1 projects above the ground and the height of the rising top surface (H) from the ground level (GL) is 300 mm or more, preferably 400 mm or more. The height of the rising wall portion 1 shown in FIG. 9 is 580 mm as a whole, 150 mm of the lower end portion is buried in the ground, and 430 mm above the ground level GL is set as the rising top height (H). I try to expose it to the ground.

(Batholith 2)
The batholith portion 2 is molded of concrete so as to extend horizontally from the inner side surface of the lower portion of the rising wall portion 1. Since the corner block 10A shown in FIG. 9 includes rising wall portions 1 that intersect in an L shape, a bottom board portion 2 having a rectangular plan view is provided inside the adjacent rising wall portions 1. It is provided. The batholith portion 2 has a plate shape with the lower surface at a position one step higher than the lower surface of the rooting portion 4. The batholith portion 2 has a thickness (s) of 120 mm or more. The batholith portion 2 shown in FIG. 9 has a thickness (s) of 150 mm. Further, the height (h) of the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 is 100 mm higher than the ground level (GL). In the concrete block 10 shown in the figure, the reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the batholith 2 are arranged in one stage (single reinforcing bars). However, although not shown in the concrete block, the reinforcing bars embedded in the batholith can be arranged in two stages (double reinforcing bars). In the concrete block of this structure, the thickness (s) of the batholith is set to 200 mm or more in consideration of the distance between the reinforcing bars arranged in two stages and the cover thickness of the concrete.

The rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 are integrally molded with concrete to form a predetermined three-dimensional shape. The corner blocks 10A shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 have the same vertical and horizontal lengths (L), and have a square outer shape in a plan view. The corner block 10A has a vertical and horizontal length (L) of 800 mm or more, preferably 2000 mm or less. The corner block 10A shown in the figure has a vertical and horizontal length (L) of 910 mm. The corner block 10A having this structure can be easily moved by using a lifting machine such as a crane with the total weight of 700 kg or less.

(Reinforcing bar 3)
Further, the concrete block 10 includes a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2. The plurality of reinforcing bars 3 are arranged inside the bottom plate portion 2 in a posture in which they intersect vertically and horizontally at predetermined intervals (K) in the horizontal direction. Further, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 are arranged inside the rising wall portion 1 in a posture of intersecting vertically and horizontally at predetermined intervals (K). Further, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 are arranged inside the rooting portion 4 in two upper and lower stages and in two rows separated in the thickness direction of the rooting portion 4 at predetermined intervals (K). Furthermore, the reinforcing bars 3 bent in a U-shape are crossed and connected in a vertical posture to the four reinforcing bars arranged in two rows and two rows inside the rooting portion 4, and are connected in a U-shape. One end of the above is raised upward and arranged vertically inside the rising wall portion 1, and the other end of the U-shape is bent horizontally and arranged inside the bottom plate portion 2. Reinforcing bars 3 that are buried inside the rising wall portion 1, the bottom plate portion 2, and the rooting portion 4 and are arranged in an intersecting posture are more firmly connected by binding and connecting the intersections with wire rods. Will be done.

However, the reinforcing bars 3 arranged inside the batholith portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 can be connected by welding or adhesion, or can be connected via a connecting tool other than the wire rod. In particular, since the concrete block 10 is molded in a dedicated formwork in a manufacturing factory or the like, a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 arranged inside are necessarily connected by using the same means and tools as those used in the field work. No need. Therefore, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the concrete block 10 are arranged so as to be fixed at fixed positions inside the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 in a state where the concrete is hardened. Although not shown in detail, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the batholith portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 can be arranged and spaced in the same arrangement as the reinforcing bars conventionally arranged in the field. ..

Further, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 embedded inside the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom board portion 2 have the end portions of the reinforcing bars 3 extending in the horizontal direction as the end faces of the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom board portion 2. The connecting protrusion 3x is formed by projecting horizontally from the above. These connecting projecting portions 3x project in the horizontal direction from the end faces of the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 extending in the horizontal direction in a state where the concrete block 10 is arranged at a predetermined position in the construction region 30. These connecting protrusions 3x are embedded in the concrete to be continuously cast with respect to the concrete block 10. As a result, the connection strength between the concrete block 10 arranged in the construction area 30 and the concrete placed in connection with the concrete block 10 can be increased. Here, the protrusion amount (R) of the connecting protrusion 3x is 400 mm or more, preferably 500 mm or more. By lengthening the connecting protrusion, the connecting strength with the placing reinforcing bar 23 can be increased, and the connecting strength with the placing concrete portion 20 continuously molded on the concrete block 10 can be increased. However, if the connecting protrusion is too long, there are restrictions on the transport and installation of the concrete block 10. Therefore, the protrusion amount (R) of the connecting protrusion 3x is 800 mm or less, preferably 600 mm or less. In the corner block 10A shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the protrusion amount (R) of the connecting protrusion 3x protruding from the two end faces facing the L-shaped rising wall portion 1 is 550 mm. Since the corner block 10A having this structure can have a vertical and horizontal length (W) of 1500 mm or less, it can be easily transported by using a transportation means such as a truck.

Further, since these connecting protrusions 3x are arranged around the concrete block 10 arranged in the construction region 30 at equal intervals and as a predetermined protrusion amount, the casting reinforcing bars embedded in the concrete to be cast are embedded. It is effectively used as a guide when arranging the bars 23. In the reinforcing bar arrangement work for arranging a large number of placing reinforcing bars 23, it is important to arrange the reinforcing bars while intersecting the plurality of placing reinforcing bars 23 at equal intervals. It is also important to maintain a distance from the flat plate panel 35 laid on the lower surface and a distance from the upper surface of the casting bottom plate portion 22 to secure a predetermined cover thickness. In the above concrete block 10, since the connecting protrusion 3x protruding horizontally from the end face can be used as a guide in the reinforcing bar arrangement work of these placing reinforcing bars 23, a large number of placing reinforcing bars 23 can be easily and easily used. Moreover, the reinforcing bars can be reliably arranged while maintaining a predetermined interval. Further, since the upper surface of the construction area 30 is also arranged in a horizontal posture while maintaining a predetermined interval, a predetermined cover thickness can be secured.

Furthermore, the reinforcing bar 23T for raising, which is arranged on the rising wall portion 1, is complicated and time-consuming, but according to the structure using the concrete block 10 in this way, it is complicated at the site. Reinforcing bar arrangement work can be reduced, and the time required for bar arrangement work can be shortened. As described above, by using the plurality of connecting protrusions 3x protruding from the end faces of the concrete block 10, complicated bar arrangement work can be easily performed. In particular, any person who does not require a high degree of expertise and has some experience in the field can easily arrange reinforcements.

The thickness of the above reinforcing bars 3 can be 10 mm or more. The reinforcing bar 3 can be, for example, 13 mm. Further, the distance (K) between the reinforcing bars 3 crossed vertically and horizontally or crossed vertically and horizontally and arranged in a plurality of rows is 100 mm to 300 mm, preferably 150 mm to 250 mm. In the concrete blocks 10 of FIGS. 9 and 10, the distance (K) between the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 is 200 mm.

The concrete blocks 10 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 show the corner blocks 10A arranged at the corners of the building, but the concrete blocks 10 are as shown in FIGS. 4, 12, 13, and 14. , It may be a block arranged on the side surface of the building and on the straight line portion of the outer peripheral line 31.

(Linear block 10B)
The concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 12 is a linear block 10B in which the rising wall portion 1 is linear in a plan view. The linear block 10B is arranged, for example, between the corners of the building and in a portion where the outer peripheral line 31 is linear. In the linear block 10B shown in FIG. 12, the length (L1) in the thickness direction and the length (L2) in the width direction of the rising wall portion 1 are in the same range as the length (L) of the above-mentioned corner block. It is 800 mm to 2000 mm, for example, 910 mm, which is equal to the length (L) of the above-mentioned corner block. The linear block 10B has a square outer shape in a plan view, and the connecting protrusion 3x is projected from the end faces located on three sides excluding the side where the rising wall portion 1 is provided. That is, the linear block 10B forms a connecting protrusion 3x by projecting a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 in the horizontal direction from the end faces other than the outer surface 1x. The linear block 10B in the figure horizontally projects a plurality of connecting protrusions 3x from both end faces of the rising wall portion 1 and both end faces of the bottom board portion 2 which is the same surface as both end faces of the rising wall portion 1. At the same time, a plurality of connecting projecting portions 3x are projected in the horizontal direction from the end surface of the bottom plate portion 2 facing the outer surface 1x. The connecting protrusions 3x that protrude in the horizontal direction from the adjacent end faces of the bottom board 2 are arranged so as to intersect each other. The linear block 10C can be conveniently used on the side surface of the building where the casting intermediate wall portion 25 is not constructed. In addition, the total weight is 550 kg or less, and it can be easily moved by using a lifting machine such as a crane. Further, in this linear block 10B, the protrusion amount (R) of the connecting protrusion 3x protruding from the end faces located on the three sides is 550 mm, so that the vertical and horizontal lengths (W1, W2) of the entire block are 1460 mm × 2010 mm. As a result, it can be easily transported by using a transportation means such as a truck.

(T-shaped block 10C)
Further, the concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 13 is provided with an intermediate wall portion 5 integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 in an upright posture. In this concrete block 10, one end of the intermediate wall portion 5 is connected in a posture orthogonal to the intermediate portion of the rising wall portion 1, and the plan view of the intermediate wall portion 5 and the rising wall portion 1 is T-shaped. The character block 10C is used. In this T-shaped block 10C, a part of the reinforcing bar 3 embedded in the intermediate wall portion 5 is projected horizontally from the end surface of the intermediate wall portion 5 to form a connecting protruding portion 3x. The T-shaped block 10C also has a rectangular shape as a whole, and the connecting protrusion 3x is projected from the end faces located on the three sides excluding the side where the rising wall portion 1 is provided. That is, the T-shaped block 10C forms a connecting protrusion 3x by projecting a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 in the horizontal direction from the end faces other than the outer surface 1x. The T-shaped block 10B in the figure horizontally projects a plurality of connecting protrusions 3x from both end faces of the rising wall portion 1 and both end faces of the bottom board portion 2 which is the same surface as both end faces of the rising wall portion 1. At the same time, a plurality of connecting projecting portions 3x are projected in the horizontal direction from the end surface of the bottom plate portion 2 facing the outer surface 1x and the end surface of the intermediate wall portion 5. The connecting protrusions 3x that protrude in the horizontal direction from the adjacent end faces of the bottom board 2 are arranged so as to intersect each other. Since the T-shaped block 10D includes an intermediate wall portion 5 connected to the rising wall portion 1, when the intermediate wall is constructed inside the rising portion constructed on the outer periphery of the solid foundation, the standing wall portion 10D is provided. By using the intermediate wall portion 5 molded inside the upper wall portion 1 as a guide, it is possible to easily install a formwork for molding the casting intermediate wall portion 25 molded from the concrete to be cast. Further, by using the connecting projecting portion 3x protruding from the end surface of the intermediate wall portion 5 as a guide, it is possible to easily arrange the reinforcing bars 23 for driving to be embedded in the driving intermediate wall portion 25.

In this T-shaped block 10C, as shown in FIG. 13, the length (L1) in the thickness direction of the rising wall portion 1 and the length (L2) in the width direction of the rising wall portion 1 are made equal to each other. The outer shape in a plan view is square, and it can be conveniently used on the side surface of the building where the casting intermediate wall portion 25 is constructed. In this T-shaped block 10C, for example, the length of the rising wall portion 1 in the thickness direction (L1) and the length of the rising wall portion 1 in the width direction (L2) are set to the length of the above-mentioned corner block. The range is the same as that of (L), for example, 910 mm. The T-shaped block 10C of this size can be easily moved by using a lifting machine such as a crane with the total weight of 600 kg or less. Further, in this linear block 10B, the protrusion amount (R) of the connecting protrusion 3x protruding from the end faces located on the three sides is 550 mm, so that the vertical and horizontal lengths (W1, W2) of the entire block are 1460 mm × 2010 mm. As a result, it can be easily transported by using a transportation means such as a truck.

(Second T-shaped block 10D)
Similar to the above-mentioned T-shaped block 10C, the concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 14 is provided with an intermediate wall portion 5 integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 in an upright posture, and one end of the intermediate wall portion 5 is erected. The intermediate wall portion 5 and the rising wall portion 1 are connected in a posture orthogonal to the intermediate portion of the upper wall portion 1 so that the plan view of the intermediate wall portion 5 and the rising wall portion 1 is T-shaped. The second T-shaped block 10D also has a square shape as a whole, and has end faces located on three sides excluding the side where the rising wall portion 1 is provided, and has an end face 5A of the intermediate wall portion 5. The connecting protrusion 3x is projected from the end face to be removed. That is, the second T-shaped block 10D is an end surface excluding the outer surface 1x, and a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 are horizontally projected from the end surface excluding the end surface 5A of the intermediate wall portion 5 to form a connecting projecting portion 3x. ing. The second T-shaped block 10D is used to open a passage opening 29 in the riser formed inside the foundation. Therefore, the reinforcing bar 3 embedded in the intermediate wall portion 5 is a vertical surface made of concrete without projecting horizontally from the end surface of the intermediate wall portion 5.

The second T-shaped block 10D of FIG. 14 is arranged in a straight line portion of the outer peripheral line 31 of the building, and as shown in FIG. 1, is discontinuous with the intermediate wall portion 5 on the extension line of the intermediate wall portion 5. A communication opening 29 is formed by molding the casting intermediate wall portion 25. The cast intermediate wall portion 25 formed on the extension line of the intermediate wall portion 5 of the second T-shaped block 10D has the intermediate wall portion 5 with the end surface facing the end surface 5A of the intermediate wall portion 5 as a vertical surface of concrete. By arranging them apart from the end faces 5A of the above, a communication opening 29 is formed between the end faces facing each other.

The above-mentioned corner block 10A, linear block 10B, T-shaped block 10C, and second T-shaped block 10D indicate a concrete block arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the foundation construction region 30. These concrete blocks 10 are integrally molded with a rooting portion 4 protruding from the bottom surface of the bottom plate portion 2. However, the concrete block 10 can also be arranged inside the foundation construction area 30. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 15, the concrete block 10 arranged inside the construction area 30 has a flat bottom surface of the bottom plate portion 2 without providing the rooting portion 4. The concrete block 10 arranged inside the construction area 30 of the foundation can also have various shapes depending on the place where it is arranged, that is, according to the shape of the rising portion constructed inside. Hereinafter, an example of the concrete block 10 arranged inside the construction area 30 and a construction example using the concrete block 10 will be shown.

(Opening block 10E)
The concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 15 is a concrete block 10 arranged in the central portion 30B of the step, and is an open block 10E formed by cutting the central portion of the rising wall portion 1 and providing a notch portion 1B. The opening-shaped block 10E shown in FIG. 15 has a shape in which an intermediate portion of a linear rising wall portion 1 provided on the center line of the bottom plate portion 2 is cut off, and is vertically oriented at both ends of the center line of the bottom plate portion 2. A columnar split wall portion 1A is provided. In the pair of split wall portions 1A, the end faces facing each other are vertical planes 1a formed of concrete, and from the end faces opposite to the vertical plane 1a, a part of the reinforcing bar 3 embedded in the split wall portions 1A is formed. It is projected in the horizontal direction to form a connecting protrusion 3x. In this open block 10E, as shown in FIG. 1, a continuous casting intermediate wall portion 25 is formed on the divided wall portion 1A, and the vertical surfaces 1a facing each other in the cutout portion 1B of the rising wall portion 1 are formed. A communication opening 29 is formed between them.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the concrete block 10 arranged inside the construction area 30 is provided with an intermediate wall portion 5 orthogonal to the rising wall portion 1 and has a T-shape in a plan view. It can also be block 10F. Further, although not shown, the concrete block arranged inside the construction area 30 is a linear block having a linear view of the rising wall portion, or a cross shape having a plan view of the rising wall portion. It may be a cross-shaped block, or it may be a flat block having only a bottom plate portion as a whole without providing a rising wall portion. By arranging these concrete blocks in the area where the cast concrete portion is formed, the amount of concrete to be cast can be effectively reduced. In addition, since it is placed in the state of a floating island inside the construction area, when leveling the surface of the placed concrete with a trowel, ride on the upper surface of the bottom of this concrete block and perform leveling work efficiently. can.

(Matching groove 6)
As shown in FIGS. 9 to 15, the concrete block 10 is provided with an uneven shape 6 at the end portion provided with the connecting protrusion 3x, and has a connecting strength with the continuously molded concrete portion 20. It has a structure that enhances it. The concrete block 10 shown in the figure is provided with a fitting groove 6A along the arrangement direction of the plurality of connecting protrusions 3x on the end surface provided with the connecting protrusions 3x. The fitting groove portion 6A shown in the figure forms a groove portion along the center line in the longitudinal direction of the end faces of the batholith portion 2, the rising wall portion 1, and the intermediate wall portion 5. In the concrete block 10 shown in the figure, the fitting groove portion 6A provided on the end surface of the batholith portion 2 and the fitting groove portion 6A provided on the end surface of the rising wall portion 1 are connected in a T shape, and below the connecting portion. Therefore, on the end surface of the rooting portion 4, a fitting groove portion 6A is provided so that the front view is rectangular, and is connected to the fitting groove portion 6A provided in the batholith portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1. There is. As shown in FIG. 9, in the concrete block 10 having the fitting groove portion 6A at the boundary portion with the placed concrete portion to be molded adjacent to the concrete block 10, the concrete to be cast is inside the fitting groove portion 6A. A fitting convex portion 26A that invades and fits into the fitting groove portion 6A is formed. Therefore, by increasing the contact area between the fitting groove 6A formed on the end face of the concrete block 10 and the concrete to be cast, the bonding force can be increased and the connecting strength can be increased. In particular, the shearing force at the boundary between the batholith portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 and the cast concrete portion 20 can be increased.

In the concrete block 10 shown in the figure, the concave-convex shape 6 provided at the end portion provided with the connecting protruding portion 3x is the fitting groove portion 6A, but in the concrete block, the connecting protruding portion is arranged in the arrangement direction on the end surface provided with the connecting protruding portion. It is also possible to provide a fitting ridge that is extended to the concrete, and to form a fitting recess that fits with the fitting ridge with concrete in the cast concrete portion facing the fitting ridge. This structure also increases the bonding force by increasing the contact area between the fitting ridges formed on the end face of the concrete block and the concrete to be cast, increasing the connecting strength, while increasing the bottom plate and rising. The shearing force at the boundary between the wall and the cast concrete can be increased.

Further, although not shown, the concrete block may be formed into a shape in which the end portion provided with the connecting protrusion is formed in a zigzag shape, and the end surface provided with the connecting protrusion may be formed into an uneven shape. Further, although not shown, the concrete block can strengthen the connection strength with the cast concrete portion by making the shape of the end portion connected to the cast concrete portion various uneven shapes.

(Anchor bolt 7)
Further, the concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 9 is provided with anchor bolts 7 for fixing a base (not shown) embedded in the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1. Anchor bolts 7 project vertically from the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1 so that a base arranged on the upper surface can be fixed. The amount of protrusion of the anchor bolt 7 is a length that protrudes through the base arranged on the upper surface of the rising portion of the constructed solid foundation.

(Anchor bolt 8 for hole down)
Further, the concrete block 10 of FIG. 9 is fixed by burying a hole-down anchor bolt 8 for fixing a pillar (not shown). The hole-down anchor bolt 8 is the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1, and is embedded so as to project from the upper surface adjacent to the position where the pillar is arranged. For example, the hole-down anchor bolt 8 has a sufficient connection strength, particularly tensile strength, with the amount of protrusion from the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1 being about 500 mm and the length embedded in the rising wall portion 1 being about 400 mm. The strength is increased. The hole-down anchor bolts 8 are connected to the reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the rising wall portion 1 via metal fittings or by tightening them. In FIGS. 1 to 8 and 10 to 15, the anchor bolt 7 and the hole-down anchor bolt 8 are omitted without being shown.

(Through hole)
Further, the concrete blocks 10 shown in FIGS. 10 to 15 are provided with a through hole 12 penetrating the bottom plate portion 2. The through hole 12 is opened at a position close to the central portion of the batholith portion 2 or the rising wall portion 1, preferably at a position away from the end surface on which the connecting protrusion 3x of the reinforcing bar protrudes. The through hole 12 can be used as an air vent hole for promoting the intrusion of concrete below the bottom plate portion 2 when the concrete block 10 is arranged in the construction area 30 and concrete is placed. As a result, when concrete flows downward from the outside of the batholith 2, the concrete is filled while drawing air upward from the through hole 12, so that the concrete can be swiftly covered over the entire area below the batholith 2. Can be filled. The through hole 12 is also used as a confirmation window for visually inspecting the filling state of the concrete to be filled below the bottom plate portion 2. That is, in the step of placing concrete, by placing concrete while looking into the through hole 12 from above, the concrete is surely filled while visually observing whether or not the concrete is filled below the bottom plate portion 2. Can be done. The through hole 12 can have an inner diameter of several cm, for example. Further, when the inflow of concrete to the lower part of the bottom plate portion 2 is insufficient, the through hole 12 can be used to inject mortar or the like having a low viscosity through the hole. A non-shrink mortar can be preferably used as such a mortar having a low viscosity. By injecting the mortar through the through hole 12, the mortar can be reliably and without gaps filled in the region below the bottom plate portion 2.

The concrete block 10 can be provided with a plurality of through holes 12 in the bottom plate portion 2. Even in the batholith portion 2 having a large area, the concrete block 10 can surely confirm the filled state while promptly flowing concrete or mortar into the lower surface side thereof. The concrete blocks 10 shown in FIGS. 10 to 15 are provided with two through holes 12 in the bottom plate portion 2. In this concrete block 10, for example, by injecting non-shrink mortar from one through hole 12 and visually observing the filling state of the mortar in the other through hole 12, the mortar was filled below the bottom plate portion 2. Can be confirmed.

(Lifting metal fittings)
Further, the concrete block 10 can fix the metal fittings for slinging the crane. As such a metal fitting, for example, it may be a lifting metal fitting previously embedded in concrete, or an anchor into which an I bolt used as a lifting metal fitting is screwed. When the concrete block 10 is provided with a lifting metal fitting on the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1, if there is a member protruding from this portion, it becomes an obstacle when arranging the base. Therefore, an anchor can be embedded in such a portion in advance. By screwing a metal fitting such as an I bolt into this anchor, it can be used as a metal fitting for lifting, and after moving the concrete block 10, the I bolt can be removed to flatten the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1. Further, in the batholith portion 2, an anchor can be embedded in advance and an I bolt can be screwed into the anchor. However, by embedding a metal fitting having a ring portion or a U-curved portion at the tip in concrete, the anchor can be used as a lifting metal fitting. can do. Such metal fittings can be more firmly fixed by connecting to the reinforcing bars 3 arranged inside. Alternatively, a part of the reinforcing bar 3 arranged inside may be projected from the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 in a U-curved state to be used as a metal fitting for lifting.

By providing the lifting metal fittings at a plurality of places, the lifting metal fittings can be lifted while distributing the load applied to the metal fittings. In particular, by arranging a plurality of lifting metal fittings in a well-balanced manner, it is possible to stably lift while distributing the load applied to each metal fitting. The above lifting metal fittings can be provided at an optimum position according to the shape of the concrete block 10. The position of the lifting metal fitting is preferably a position that is easy to balance when lifting with a crane, and can be provided at a position line-symmetrical with respect to the center line passing through the center of gravity of the concrete block 10 in a plan view.

The concrete block 10 described above is manufactured in a manufacturing factory or the like using a molded formwork having a predetermined internal shape. The concrete block 10 preferably uses a molded formwork in which the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 can be integrally molded, and the concrete filled in the molded mold portion allows the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 to be integrally molded. The part 1 is integrally molded. Since these concrete blocks 10 are manufactured in a factory or the like, the placed concrete can be hardened over a sufficient period of time under an optimum temperature environment. Therefore, the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 can be molded into an accurate orthogonal posture while effectively preventing the connection strength between the integrally formed bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 from being lowered. .. For the concrete block 10, any other method can be adopted in which concrete can be placed in the molding formwork to mold the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2.

As a method for constructing a solid foundation, the concrete block 10 prepared in the above preparation step is used to construct a solid foundation for a building in the process shown below.

[Ground industry process]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the construction area 30 for constructing a solid foundation is excavated by root cutting work. The construction area 30 is excavated in a state of being divided into a deep moat portion 30A excavated deeply along the outer peripheral line 31 of the building and a step central portion 30B excavated shallower than the deep moat portion 30A inside the deep moat portion 30A. do. After that, the crushed stone 34 is spread over the deep moat portion 30A, and the crushed stone 34 is compacted by rolling with a compactor.

[Laying process]
In this laying step, the flat plate panel 35 is laid on the upper surface of the rolled deep moat portion 30A in the area where the concrete block 10 is arranged. Further, preferably, a vertical retaining panel 36 is laid so that the soil does not collapse at the boundary portion between the deep moat portion 30A and the step central portion 30B. In this laying step, preferably, the retaining panel 36 is arranged in a vertical posture at the boundary portion between the deep moat portion 30A and the step central portion 30B, and then the flat plate panel 35 is laid adjacent to the outside thereof. As shown in FIG. 16, the retaining panel 36 is held in a vertical position via the fixture 37. The fixture 37 shown in the figure is an L-shaped metal fitting 37a. The L-shaped metal fitting 37A supports the retaining panel 36 along the vertical portion 37a, and the flat plate panel 35 is laid on the horizontal portion 37b to hold the retaining panel 36 in a vertical posture. This fixing method can most easily hold the retaining panel 36 in a vertical position.

The retaining panel 36 is laid over the entire circumference of the step central portion 30B in order to prevent the soil in the step central portion 30B from collapsing. Further, the flat plate panel 35 is laid along the outer periphery of the retaining panel 36 laid over the entire circumference of the step central portion 30B. However, if the site is large, it is possible to cut the soil with a slope that does not cause the soil to collapse without arranging the retaining panel 36. In the laying process shown in FIG. 3, the flat plate panel 35 is laid only in a part of the deep moat portion 30A where the concrete block 10 is arranged. However, although not shown, the flat plate panel 35 laid in the deep moat portion 30A can be laid over the entire outer peripheral portion of the construction area 30, that is, over the entire circumference of the building.

The flat plate panel 35 laid in the laying step is a panel material having at least one main surface having a flat surface 35A, and is laid so that the flat surface 35A is the upper surface as shown in FIG. As such a flat plate panel 35, for example, a panel material such as a cement plate or a concrete panel having a predetermined thickness can be used. A cement plate mixed with reinforcing fibers such as glass fiber and carbon fiber is preferably used for the flat plate panel 35. As such a cement board, an outer wall panel can be preferably used. The cost of the flat plate panel 35, which is an outer wall panel, can be reduced by using an unpainted plate. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 16, the flat plate panel 35 has a width (X1), a length (X2), and a thickness (X3) determined so as to have a size and strength on which the concrete block 10 can be placed. To. The flat plate panel 35 has a width (X1) of 300 mm to 600 mm, a length (X2) of 600 mm to 1800 mm, and a thickness of 12 mm to 50 mm. The flat plate panel 35 has, for example, a width (X1) of 455 mm, a length (X2) of 1000 m, and a thickness (X3) of 16 mm.

The retaining panel 36 is an elongated strip-shaped panel material, and a panel material made of the same material as the flat plate panel 35 can be used. As shown in FIG. 16, the width (Y1) of the retaining panel 36 is determined so as to be equal to the height of the step central portion 30B. As shown in FIG. 3, the length (Y2) of the retaining panel 36 is adjusted so that it can be laid over the entire circumference of the step center portion 30B by a plurality of sheets.

In the step central portion 30B of the construction area 30, after the retaining panel 36 and the flat plate panel 35 are laid by the laying process, earth and sand and crushed stone are further added to the inside of the region surrounded by the retaining panel 36, and the compactor is applied from above. It can be compacted by rolling with. Further, in the step central portion 30B of the construction area 30, the flat plate panel 35 is laid in the area facing the concrete block 10 arranged inside the construction area 30. Since two concrete blocks 10 are arranged inside the construction area 30 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a flat plate panel 35 is laid at a position where each concrete block 10 is arranged.

[Inking process]
As shown in FIG. 3, on the upper surface of the flat plate panel 35 laid in the laying process, the outer peripheral line 31 of the building that specifies the placement position of the concrete block 10 arranged in the laying process is displayed by marking out. Further, the moisture-proof sheet 33 is spread over the construction area 30. The moisture-proof sheet 33 is preferably spread over the entire area of the step central portion 30B and a part of the deep moat portion 30A.

[Placement process]
The concrete block 10 is arranged on the marked outer peripheral line 31. In the construction method shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the corner blocks 10A are arranged at the four corners, and the linear block 10B having the rising wall portion 1 is arranged on the side surface portion, and further inside. A T-shaped block 10C having a T-shape in a plan view is arranged in a portion forming the casting intermediate wall portion 25, and further, a passage opening 29 is provided in the inner casting intermediate wall portion 25. Places a second T-shaped block 10D. In this step, the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 of each concrete block 10 is arranged as the positioning surface 9 along the marked outer peripheral line 31. The concrete block 10 is installed while being accurately positioned with respect to the outer peripheral line 31 by arranging the concrete block 10 so that the lower end edge of the outer surface 1x, which is the positioning surface 9, coincides with the outer peripheral line 31. In the corner block 10A installed at the corner portion, the outer surface 1x of the orthogonal rising wall portion 1 is arranged along the corner portion of the outer peripheral line 31. As a result, the positions of the four corners are fixed and arranged. Further, the linear block 10B, the T-shaped block 10C, and the second T-shaped block 10D arranged along the straight line portion of the outer peripheral line 31, that is, located on the side surface of the building, are corners arranged at the four corners. It is located between the blocks 10A. Further, the T-shaped block 10C and the second T-shaped block 10D provided with the intermediate wall portion 5 are arranged on the outer peripheral line 31 so that the position of the intermediate wall portion 5 is a predetermined position.

Further, the concrete block 10 is arranged inside the construction area 30 and also in the step central portion 30B. Unlike the concrete block 10 arranged in the deep moat portion 30A, the concrete block 10 arranged in the step central portion 30B does not have a rooting portion on the bottom surface side. That is, it is formed in a shape that makes the bottom surface of the bottom plate portion 2 flat. As such a concrete block 10, in FIGS. 4 and 5, an opening-shaped block 10E and a T-shaped block 10F are arranged. The opening block 10E arranged inside the construction area 30 is a linear rising portion formed inside the construction area 30, and is arranged at a position forming a passage opening 29. Further, the T-shaped block 10F arranged inside the construction area 30 is arranged at a position forming a rising portion orthogonal to the inside of the construction area 30.

In this step, the concrete block 10 arranged at a predetermined position is arranged at an accurate position with respect to the outer peripheral line 31 with the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 as the positioning surface 9, and is arranged at an accurate position with respect to the outer peripheral line 31. By using, the standing wall portion 1 is arranged while confirming the posture. The vertical device confirms whether or not the rising wall portion 1 is arranged so as to be in a vertical posture. When using a level, check whether the upper surface of the batholith 2 is in a horizontal position. Since the concrete block 10 is manufactured in the factory so that the rising wall portion 1 has an accurate vertical posture with respect to the bottom board portion 2, the concrete block 10 is arranged so that the rising wall portion 1 has an accurate vertical posture at the site. It can be determined whether or not the bottom plate 2 is horizontally arranged. In the concrete block 10 shown in FIGS. 10 to 15, the rising wall portion 1 is molded so that the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 has a flat surface and the posture is accurate with respect to the flat upper surface. Therefore, at the site, it is possible to confirm whether or not the rising wall portion 1 is in a vertical posture by confirming the horizontal posture of the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2. Therefore, in this concrete block 10, the vertical state of the rising wall portion 1 is confirmed while confirming the horizontal posture of the bottom plate portion 2 by placing a level on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 and confirming the horizontal posture in the vertical and horizontal directions. Can be confirmed. Therefore, the vertical posture of the rising wall portion 1 can be confirmed very easily.

When checking the vertical posture of the rising wall portion 1, if there is an error due to the tilt of the posture of the concrete block 10, the lower surface of the concrete block 10 is located at a position where the deviation of the tilt can be corrected. By arranging the correction member, the posture of the concrete block 10 can be corrected. For such a correction member, for example, a metal plate can be used. In particular, when the correction member is a metal plate, the posture of the concrete block 10 can be easily finely adjusted by adjusting the thickness and the number of metal plates. Further, regarding the installation height of the plurality of concrete blocks 10, the height can be confirmed by using a level sensor or the like.

Further, in this arrangement step, each concrete block 10 is arranged at a predetermined position by using a crane. The concrete block 10 is placed on a loading platform such as a truck and transferred. In addition, at the site, it is unloaded from the loading platform by a crane and lifted and moved to a predetermined installation position by a crane. Although not shown, the concrete block 10 is lifted via a hoisting metal fitting for slinging a crane fixed at a plurality of places.

[Reinforcement process]
As shown in FIG. 6, the reinforcing bar 23 for casting is arranged by using the connecting protruding portion 3x of the reinforcing bar 3 protruding from the plurality of concrete blocks 10 arranged inside the outer peripheral line 31 of the building and the construction area 30. .. When the connecting protrusions 3x protruding from the respective concrete blocks 10 overlap each other between the concrete blocks 10 arranged adjacent to each other, these connecting protrusions 3x are directly connected and connected. When the protrusions 3x do not overlap each other, they are connected via the casting reinforcing bar 23. At this time, the casting reinforcing bar 23 is connected at a simple and accurate position by using the connecting protrusion 3x protruding from the concrete block 10 as a guide. Further, the casting reinforcing bars 23 intersect vertically and horizontally, or intersect vertically and horizontally with respect to the connecting protruding portion 3x protruding from the concrete block 10 and the casting reinforcing bars 23 connected in a state of extending from the connecting protruding portion 3x. Place in the state of. The connecting protrusion 3x embedded in the casting bottom plate 22 that is continuously molded in the bottom plate portion 2 and the casting reinforcing bar 23 are connected in a posture that intersects vertically and horizontally at predetermined intervals (K) in the horizontal direction. .. Further, the connecting protrusion 3x, the reinforcing bar 23T for raising, and the reinforcing bar 23 for driving, which are continuously molded in the rising wall portion 1 and are embedded in the established upper wall portion 21, have a predetermined interval (K). It is connected in a posture that intersects up, down, left and right. Further, the connecting protrusion 3x and the reinforcing bar 23 for driving, which are embedded inside the driving rooting portion molded at the lower end of the driving establishment upper wall portion 21, are arranged in two stages and two rows, and the lower portion is provided. It is connected to the rising reinforcing bar 23T bent in a U shape so as to intersect in a vertical posture. Furthermore, the connecting protrusion 3x embedded in the casting intermediate wall portion 25 molded inside the foundation and the casting reinforcing bar 23 are connected in a posture of intersecting vertically and horizontally at a predetermined interval (K). The connecting protrusions 3x, the reinforcing bars 23 for placing, and the reinforcing bars 23T for starting up, which are arranged in the intersecting postures as described above, are more firmly connected by binding the intersections with a wire rod.

[Formwork installation process]
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 17, the formwork 24 is installed in the portion where the casting establishment upper wall portion 21 and the casting intermediate wall portion 25 are constructed. These formwork 24 are arranged along the side surface of the rising wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10 installed in the construction area 30. First, the formwork 24 is arranged along the side surface of the rising wall portion 1 of the plurality of concrete blocks 10 arranged on the outer peripheral line 31. This formwork 24 is a formwork 24 for molding the hammered upper wall portion 21 which is continuously molded on the rising wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10, and as shown in FIGS. 7 and 17, the formwork 24 is used. It includes an outer peripheral formwork 24A arranged along the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 and an inner peripheral formwork 24B arranged along the inner side surface of the rising wall portion 1.

As shown in FIG. 17, in the outer peripheral formwork 24A, a smooth surface to be a concrete molding surface is arranged along the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10, and the lower end surface is the upper surface of the flat plate panel 35. It is placed along. The outer peripheral formwork 24A shown in FIG. 7 is arranged along the outer peripheral line 31 of the building over the entire outer circumference of the foundation. The outer peripheral formwork 24A shown in the figure covers the entire outer periphery of the foundation by connecting a plurality of sheets in the horizontal direction. The outer peripheral formwork 24A adjacent to each other is connected to each other via a connecting tool (not shown). However, the outer peripheral formwork 24A can be fixed only in the region for interpolating between the adjacent concrete blocks 10. Further, as shown in FIG. 17, the outer peripheral formwork 24A arranged along the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 is arranged from the outside so as not to be displaced by the pressure of the concrete placed in the formwork. It is supported in a pressed state by the support member 41. One end of the support member 41 in the figure is brought into contact with the outer surface of the outer peripheral formwork 24A, and the other end is fixed to the ground 39 via a fixing member 42 such as a pile.

Further, as shown in FIG. 17, in the inner peripheral formwork 24B, a smooth surface to be a concrete molding surface is arranged along the inner side surface of the rising wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10, and the lower end surface is the bottom plate portion 2. It abuts on the upper surface of the concrete and is placed in a fixed position. The inner peripheral formwork 24B is arranged and fixed in a state of bridging the bottom plates 2 of the adjacent concrete blocks 10. Therefore, the level of the lower end surface of the inner formwork 24B is the same level as the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 of the concrete block 10. The inner peripheral formwork 24B arranged along the inner side surface of the rising wall portion 1 is pressed by the fixing piece 43 fixed inside so as not to be displaced by the pressure of the concrete placed in the formwork. Supported by. The fixing piece 43 in the figure is a wood block and is fixed to the bottom plate portion 2 of the concrete block 10 via a fixing nail 44 such as a concrete nail.

The outer peripheral formwork 24A and the inner peripheral formwork 24B arranged in a posture facing both sides of the rising wall portion 1 are locked to the locking portions provided at both ends of the formwork fixture 28 at the upper ends thereof. Is held at predetermined intervals. In particular, the outer peripheral formwork 24A and the inner peripheral formwork 24B are arranged along both sides of the rising wall portion 1 so as to be arranged in a vertical posture along the rising wall portion 1 while being held at a predetermined interval. ..

Further, the formwork 24 is also arranged inside the construction area where the casting intermediate wall portion 25 is molded. FIG. 17 shows a state in which the formwork 24 is arranged along the side surface of the intermediate wall portion 5 of the T-shaped block 10C arranged on the outer peripheral line 31 in the region on the left side of FIG. 7. This formwork 24 is a formwork 24 for molding the casting intermediate wall portion 25 which is continuously molded on the intermediate wall portion 5 of the T-shaped block 10C, and is along the side surface of the rising wall portion 1. It is provided with a pair of intermediate formwork 24C arranged in a row. In the pair of intermediate formwork 24C, a smooth surface to be a concrete molding surface is arranged along the side surface of the intermediate wall portion 5 of the T-shaped block 10C, and the lower end surface is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 of the concrete block 10. It touches and is placed in a fixed position. Also in the intermediate formwork 24C, the bottom plates 2 of the adjacent concrete blocks 10 are arranged and fixed in a state of bridging each other. The intermediate formwork 24C arranged along both side surfaces of the intermediate wall portion 5 is a fixing piece 43 fixed to the outside of the intermediate formwork 24C so as not to be displaced by the pressure of the concrete placed in the formwork. It is supported in a pressed state by. The fixing piece 43 in the figure is a wood block and is fixed to the bottom plate portion 2 of the concrete block 10 via a fixing nail 44 such as a concrete nail.

The pair of intermediate formwork 24Cs arranged so as to face both sides of the intermediate wall portion 5 have their upper end portions locked to the locking portions provided at both ends of the formwork fixture 28 at predetermined intervals. Be retained. In particular, the pair of intermediate formwork 24Cs are arranged along both sides of the intermediate wall portion 5 so that they are arranged in a vertical posture along the intermediate wall portion 5 while being held at predetermined intervals.

Further, in the case of molding the casting intermediate wall portion 25 and the casting establishment upper portion 21 in the region not positioned by the batholith portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 inside the construction region 30, the formwork support (not shown). The inner peripheral formwork 24B and the intermediate formwork 24B are arranged at a fixed position via the above. The formwork support supports the lower ends of the inner peripheral formwork 24B and the intermediate formwork 24C in a region where there is no bottom of the concrete block, and adjusts the level of the lower end surface of the formwork 24.

As described above, the built-in upper wall portion 21 can be molded in a state where the side surface and the surface of the rising wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10 are aligned with each other, and the T-shaped blocks 10C, 10F and the second T-shaped block 10D can be molded. The casting intermediate wall portion 25 can be molded in a state where the side surface of the intermediate wall portion 5 of the above, the opening-shaped block 10E, and the rising wall portion 1 of the T-shaped block 10F are aligned with each other. Therefore, unlike the conventional method, a plurality of formwork 24 can be installed in an accurate posture easily and in a short time without accurately measuring the vertical posture of the formwork. In this way, the side surface of the rising wall portion 1 and the intermediate wall portion 5 of the concrete block 10 is used as the positioning surface 9, and the formwork 24 is arranged along this surface to position the formwork 24 in an accurate posture. Can be installed while. In particular, in the above concrete block 10, the positioning surface 9 for positioning the rising wall portion 1 on the outer peripheral line 31 can be installed while also serving as the positioning surface 9 of the form 24. Therefore, in this step, unlike the conventional method, the vertical posture of the formwork 24 is not accurately measured, and a support member such as a support for supporting the plurality of formwork 24s in the vertical posture is not used. , A plurality of formwork 24 can be installed in an accurate posture easily and in a short time.

Further, in the intermediate form 24C forming a discontinuous casting intermediate wall portion 25 at a position facing the vertical surface 5A of the intermediate wall portion 5 of the second T-shaped block 10D inside the construction region 30. , The dammed plate 27 is arranged at a position where the vertical surface of the casting intermediate wall portion 25 is provided to prevent the intrusion of concrete.

[Concrete placement process]
As shown in FIG. 8, concrete is placed inside the formwork 24 installed at a fixed position in the formwork installation process, and the concrete is placed on the batholith portion 22 continuous with the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1. A continuous casting intermediate wall portion 21 and a continuous casting intermediate wall portion 25 are molded on the intermediate wall portion 5. In this step, first, concrete is cast in the area between the bottom plates 2 of the plurality of concrete blocks 10 installed in the construction region 30, and the casting bottom plate portion 21 continuous with the bottom plate portion 2 is molded.

In the process of filling the concrete below the bottom plate 2, the concrete is smoothly flowed in while using the through hole 12 opened in the bottom plate 2 as an air vent hole, and the through hole 12 is used as a confirmation window to the lower side of the bottom plate 2. While visually checking the filling condition of the concrete, let the concrete flow in. In addition, in FIGS. 1 to 8, the through hole is omitted.

The concrete forming the casting bottom plate 21 is filled to the same height as the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 of the installed concrete block 10, and the surface thereof is leveled with a trowel and flattened. When the surface of the concrete to be cast is leveled flat, the work can be performed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 2 of the installed concrete block 10, so that the concrete can be placed regardless of the degree of hardening of the concrete to be cast. You can work efficiently without leaving a mark on the surface of the concrete.

Further, concrete is cast inside the pair of formwork 24 installed for molding the rising portion, and the casting establishment upper wall portion 21 and the casting intermediate wall portion 25 are molded. That is, concrete is filled between the outer peripheral formwork 24A and the inner peripheral formwork 24B facing each other to form a continuous striking upper wall portion 21 on the rising wall portion 1, and between the pair of intermediate formwork 24C facing each other. Is filled with concrete to form a casting intermediate wall portion 25 continuous with the intermediate wall portion 5. The concrete to be filled inside the facing formwork 24 is filled to a predetermined height, and the surface thereof is leveled with a trowel and flattened.

In the above embodiment, an example of molding the casting intermediate wall portion 25 along the intermediate wall portion 5 of the T-shaped block 10C is shown, but the casting intermediate wall portion 25 is shown in FIGS. 1, 7, and 7. And, as shown in front of the right side of FIG. 8, it can be constructed in a state of being connected to the upper wall portion 21 of the hammering establishment without using the T-shaped block. In this case, in the bar arrangement process, the rebar 23 for casting to be embedded in the intermediate wall portion 25 for casting is arranged in a state of being continuous with the reinforcing bar 23 for casting embedded in the upper wall portion 21 for establishing the casting. In the formwork installation process, the inner peripheral formwork 24B for molding the inner side surface of the casting establishment upper wall portion 21 and the intermediate formwork 24C for molding the casting intermediate wall portion 25 are connected in an L shape in a plan view. As a result, the driving establishment upper wall portion 21 and the driving intermediate wall portion 25 are integrally molded in a state of being connected in a T shape.

[Demolding process]
After the placed concrete is sufficiently dried and hardened, the formwork 24 is removed. In this state, the solid foundation shown in FIG. 1 is constructed.

In the above construction method, for example, the date and time required for foundation work of about 20 tsubo takes about 2 weeks for 2 people in the conventional construction method, and about 5 days in the construction method in which waste concrete is formed and concrete block 10 is used. On the other hand, the method of laying and constructing a flat plate panel without forming waste concrete can be completed in 4 days.

By the way, in the construction of a building, especially a house, there may be various restrictions when constructing the foundation depending on the area of the residential land, the location conditions, and the like. For example, when building a building on a vertically long site that extends to the back and the two sides and the back side are blocked by obstacles such as buildings, the building area of the foundation becomes a vertically long site that extends toward the back. , Vehicles equipped with cranes may not be able to penetrate deep into the site, and may not be able to approach from the back or both sides of the site. In this case, if the discarded concrete is formed in the entire construction area by the conventional construction method, the vehicle carrying the concrete block cannot penetrate to the inside of the construction area. Therefore, when the concrete block is transported to the depth of the construction area, the arm is used. There is a problem that a long large crane vehicle is required, various restrictions are imposed depending on the location conditions, the foundation cannot be constructed easily and easily, and the construction cost is high.

On the other hand, the construction method of the present invention does not require waste concrete, so even if the site has a vertically long shape extending to the back, it is mounted on the vehicle with the vehicle entering the inside of the construction area of the foundation. The concrete blocks can be placed while being unloaded from the vehicle in order from the back using the small crane. This is because the area for placing the concrete block can be secured by laying the flat plate panel without forming the discarded concrete. According to this construction method, a flat panel is laid in the area other than the front side of the construction area, a vehicle equipped with a small crane is penetrated to the inside of the construction area, and a concrete block is constructed using the crane of the vehicle. It can be efficiently placed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel in order from the back side of the. Then, after retracting the vehicle to the outside of the construction area, a flat plate panel is laid in the area on the front side of the construction area, and the concrete block is placed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel on the front side of the construction area using the crane of the vehicle. By placing it, the concrete block can be placed in the entire construction area.

As described above, the construction method of the present invention is not an easy idea of laying a flat plate panel instead of simply forming waste concrete, but various problems and problems in construction in the construction industry (for example, narrow). It is also an effective method for solving (building a foundation in a short period of time, etc. on a small site in a residential area), and even at various sites with different location conditions, work efficiently and shorten the construction period while shortening the construction period. It is possible to realize the feature that can build the foundation at low cost.

House makers, regional builders, etc. are also nationwide, and even if they receive orders for housing, the number of foundation contractors is decreasing, and the current problem that there is a risk that construction cannot be started because the foundation cannot be established will be solved. By producing most of the basic parts at the factory, the number of on-site work will be overwhelmingly reduced, the working styles of young workers will be reformed, and the chronic shortage of human resources will be resolved.

1 ... Rising wall part 1A ... Divided wall part 1B ... Notch part 1a ... Vertical surface 1x ... Outer surface 2 ... Bottom board part 3 ... Reinforcing bar 3x ... Connecting protrusion part 4 ... Rooting part 5 ... Intermediate wall part 5A ... End surface 6 ... Concavo-convex shape 6A ... Fitting groove 7 ... Anchor bolt 8 ... Hole down anchor bolt 9 ... Positioning surface 10 ... Concrete block 10A ... Corner block 10B ... Linear block 10C ... T-shaped block 10D ... Second T-shaped Block 10E ... Opening block 10F ... T-shaped block 12 ... Through hole 20 ... Casting concrete part 21 ... Casting establishment upper wall part 22 ... Casting bottom board part 23 ... Casting reinforcing bar 23T ... Starting reinforcing bar 24 ... Mold 24A ... Outer peripheral mold 24B ... Inner peripheral mold 24C ... Intermediate mold 25 ... Casting intermediate wall part 26A ... Fitting convex part 27 ... Damping plate 28 ... Mold fixture 29 ... Communication opening 30 ... Construction Area 30A ... Deep moat 30B ... Step center 31 ... Outer peripheral line 33 ... Moisture-proof sheet 34 ... Crushed stone 35 ... Flat plate panel 35A ... Flat surface 36 ... Yamadome panel 37 ... Fixture 37A ... L-shaped metal fittings 37a ... Vertical part 37b ... Horizontal Part 39 ... Ground 41 ... Support member 42 ... Fixing member 43 ... Fixed piece 44 ... Fixed nail 901 ... Rising wall part 902 ... Bottom board part 903 ... Reinforcing bar 903x ... Connecting protrusion 910 ... Concrete block 930 ... Construction area 931 ... Outer peripheral line 932 ... Discard concrete

Claims (18)

It is a method of building a solid foundation built at the bottom of a building.
On the rising wall part molded with concrete in a vertical posture, the bottom part integrally molded with concrete so as to extend horizontally to the lower part of the rising wall part, and the rising wall part and the bottom part. A preparatory step of preparing a concrete block that is buried and includes a plurality of reinforcing bars having a portion thereof projected horizontally from the end faces of a part of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion to form a connecting protrusion. When,
In the construction area for constructing the foundation of the building, the arrangement process of arranging the concrete block at a position supporting the superstructure of the building and
A reinforcing bar arrangement step of arranging reinforcing bars for placing to be embedded in the concrete to be placed by using the plurality of connecting protrusions protruding from the concrete block.
The formwork installation process of installing the formwork along the rising wall portion of the concrete block,
A concrete placing process in which concrete is placed inside the formwork to form a casting bottom plate portion continuous with the batholith portion and a casting establishment upper wall portion continuous with the rising wall portion.
Includes
How to build a solid foundation is even more
As a pre-process of the arranging step, a laying step of laying a flat plate panel on the ground in the area where the concrete block is arranged is included.
The concrete block is placed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel laid in the laying step and placed in a fixed position in the placement step .
Further, as a pre-process of the laying process,
On the outer circumference of the foundation construction area, a deep moat deeply excavated along the outer circumference line of the building,
Inside the deep moat portion, a step central portion formed higher than the deep moat portion, and
Includes the groundwork process to establish
The concrete block arranged in the deep moat portion has a rooting portion at the lower end portion of the rising wall portion, which is molded thicker than the rising wall portion and protrudes from the lower surface of the batholith portion.
In the laying step, a method for constructing a solid foundation in which the flat plate panel is laid in the deep moat portion and at least the flat plate panel is laid in a region facing the entire bottom surface of the rooting portion of the concrete block. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to claim 1 .
In the laying process
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which a vertical Yamadome panel is arranged at a boundary portion between the deep moat portion and the central portion of the step. It is a method of building a solid foundation built at the bottom of a building.
On the rising wall part molded with concrete in a vertical posture, the bottom part integrally molded with concrete so as to extend horizontally to the lower part of the rising wall part, and the rising wall part and the bottom part. A preparatory step of preparing a concrete block that is buried and includes a plurality of reinforcing bars having a portion thereof projected horizontally from the end faces of a part of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion to form a connecting protrusion. When,
In the construction area for constructing the foundation of the building, the arrangement process of arranging the concrete block at a position supporting the superstructure of the building and
A reinforcing bar arrangement step of arranging reinforcing bars for placing to be embedded in the concrete to be placed by using the plurality of connecting protrusions protruding from the concrete block.
The formwork installation process of installing the formwork along the rising wall portion of the concrete block,
A concrete placing process in which concrete is placed inside the formwork to form a casting bottom plate portion continuous with the batholith portion and a casting establishment upper wall portion continuous with the rising wall portion.
Includes
How to build a solid foundation is even more
As a pre-process of the arranging step, a laying step of laying a flat plate panel on the ground in the area where the concrete block is arranged is included.
The concrete block is placed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel laid in the laying step and placed in a fixed position in the placement step.
Further, as a pre-process of the laying process,
On the outer circumference of the foundation construction area, a deep moat deeply excavated along the outer circumference line of the building,
Inside the deep moat portion, a step central portion formed higher than the deep moat portion, and
Includes the groundwork process to establish
In the laying process
While laying the flat plate panel in the deep moat,
A vertical posture of the mountain retaining panel is arranged at the boundary between the deep moat portion and the central portion of the step, and the mountain retaining panel is held in the vertical posture via a fixture held in the upright posture by the flat plate panel. How to build the foundation. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to claim 3 .
The concrete block arranged in the deep moat portion has a rooting portion at the lower end portion of the rising wall portion, which is molded thicker than the rising wall portion and protrudes from the lower surface of the batholith portion.
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which a flat plate panel is laid in a region of a concrete block facing the rooting portion in the laying step. It is a method of building a solid foundation built at the bottom of a building.
On the rising wall part molded with concrete in a vertical posture, the bottom part integrally molded with concrete so as to extend horizontally to the lower part of the rising wall part, and the rising wall part and the bottom part. A preparatory step of preparing a concrete block that is buried and includes a plurality of reinforcing bars having a portion thereof projected horizontally from the end faces of a part of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion to form a connecting protrusion. When,
In the construction area for constructing the foundation of the building, the arrangement process of arranging the concrete block at a position supporting the superstructure of the building and
A reinforcing bar arrangement step of arranging reinforcing bars for placing to be embedded in the concrete to be placed by using the plurality of connecting protrusions protruding from the concrete block.
The formwork installation process of installing the formwork along the rising wall portion of the concrete block,
A concrete placing process in which concrete is placed inside the formwork to form a casting bottom plate portion continuous with the batholith portion and a casting establishment upper wall portion continuous with the rising wall portion.
Includes
How to build a solid foundation is even more
As a pre-process of the arranging step, a laying step of laying a flat plate panel on the ground in the area where the concrete block is arranged is included.
The concrete block is placed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel laid in the laying step and placed in a fixed position in the placement step.
In the preparation step,
As the concrete block, one end of an intermediate wall portion integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom board portion in an upright posture is connected in a posture orthogonal to the intermediate portion of the rising wall portion, and the intermediate wall portion and the rising wall portion are connected. A second T-shaped block is prepared in which the plan view of the above is T-shaped and the end surface of the other end of the intermediate wall portion is a vertical surface formed of concrete.
In the placement process
The second T-shaped block is placed inside the straight line portion or the construction area of the outer peripheral line of the building.
By the bar arrangement step, the formwork installation step, and the concrete casting step, the casting intermediate wall portion discontinuous with the intermediate wall portion is placed on the extension line of the intermediate wall portion of the second T-shaped block. A method for constructing a solid foundation in which an end surface of the casting intermediate wall portion is separated from the end surface of the intermediate wall portion to form a communication opening between the end faces facing each other. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to claim 5 , further.
As a pre-process of the laying process,
On the outer circumference of the foundation construction area, a deep moat deeply excavated along the outer circumference line of the building,
Inside the deep moat portion, a step central portion formed higher than the deep moat portion, and
Includes the groundwork process to establish
In the laying process
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which the flat plate panel is laid in the deep moat portion. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6 .
In the laying process, the flat plate panel is laid at the center of the step, and at the same time, the flat plate panel is laid.
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which the concrete block is placed on the upper surface of the flat plate panel laid in the central portion of the step in the arrangement step. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to claim 7 .
The concrete block arranged in the central portion of the step is an opening-shaped block formed by cutting the central portion of the rising wall portion and providing a notch portion, and a method for constructing a solid foundation having the notch portion as a passage opening. .. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 8 .
The flat plate panel is a panel material having at least one main surface as a flat surface.
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which the flat plate panel is laid on the ground so that the flat surface faces the upper surface in the laying step. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , further.
As a post-process of the laying process and as a pre-process of the arranging process
A method for constructing a solid foundation including a marking step of displaying an outer peripheral line of a building that specifies a placement position of the concrete block placed in the placement step on the upper surface of the flat plate panel laid in the laying step. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 10 .
In the laying process
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which the flat plate panel is laid over the entire circumference of the building. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 11 .
The concrete block is provided with a through hole penetrating the bottom plate portion.
In the concrete placing process,
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which concrete is filled below the batholith with the through hole as an air vent hole. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 11 .
The concrete block is provided with a through hole penetrating the bottom plate portion.
In the concrete placing process,
A method for constructing a solid foundation for visually confirming the filling state of concrete to be filled below the batholith using the through hole as a confirmation window. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 13 .
The concrete block is provided by opening a plurality of through holes penetrating the batholith portion.
In the concrete placing process,
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which mortar is injected from any one of the through holes and the mortar is filled below the batholith while checking the filling state of the mortar using the other through holes as a confirmation window. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 14 .
In the preparation step,
As the concrete block, a corner block formed in an L shape so that the rising wall portion is continuous on two sides orthogonal to each other in the plan view of the batholith portion is prepared.
In the placement process
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which the corner blocks are arranged at the corners of the outer peripheral line of the building. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 15 .
In the preparation step,
As the concrete block, one end of an intermediate wall portion integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion in an upright posture is connected in a posture orthogonal to the intermediate portion of the rising wall portion, and the intermediate wall portion and the rising wall portion are connected. The plan view of the block is T-shaped, and a part of the reinforcing bar embedded in the intermediate wall portion is projected in the horizontal direction from the end face of the other end of the intermediate wall portion to form a connecting protrusion. Prepare and
In the placement process
The T-shaped block is placed inside the straight line portion or the construction area of the outer peripheral line of the building.
A method for constructing a solid foundation for molding a casting intermediate wall portion continuous with the intermediate wall portion of the T-shaped block by the reinforcement arrangement step, the formwork installation step, and the concrete placing step. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 16.
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which the flat plate panel is a cement plate or a concrete panel in which reinforcing fibers are mixed. The method for constructing a solid foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 17.
A method for constructing a solid foundation in which the flat plate panel is an outer wall panel of a building.

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