JP2022175669A - Construction method of mat foundation - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a construction method of a mat foundation allowing the mat foundation to be constructed in a short construction period and in low cost through a construction of the mat foundation without installing leveling concrete.SOLUTION: A construction method of a mat foundation includes: a preparation process providing a concrete block 10 provided with a standing wall part 1, a bottom plate part 2, and a plurality of reinforcement bars 3; a placing process placing the concrete block 10 at a position supporting an upper structure of a building in a construction area 30; a bar arranging process arranging installation reinforcement bars 23 using join projected parts 3x of the concrete block 10; a mold installation process installing molds 24 along the standing wall part 1 of the concrete block 10; and a concrete installation process forming an installation base plate part 22 continuously connected to a base plate part 2 and an installation standing wall part 21 continuously connected to the standing wall part 1 by installing concrete inside of the molds 24, further including an installation process installing a flat panel 35 on a ground surface in an area where the concrete block 10 is placed as a prior process to the placing process.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

Application for application of Article 30, Paragraph 2 of the Patent Act Construction date: February 25, 2021 Construction location: Fit Co., Ltd. (226-3 Tokumei Maesunishi, Aizumi-cho, Itano-gun, Tokushima Prefecture) Construction date: March 2021 Construction site: Private house (3-26-13 Atake, Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture) Construction date: April 11, 2021 Construction site: Private house (189-41 Ishii, Ishii-cho, Meisai-gun, Tokushima Prefecture)

The present invention relates to a method for constructing a slab foundation for a building.

Conventionally, there are two types of foundations that are constructed on the lower part of buildings: continuous foundations and raft foundations. The continuous foundation is a structure in which reinforced concrete molded in an inverted T shape is continuously installed only under the wall of the building, while the raft foundation is not only the outer periphery of the building and under the pillars, The entire bottom is supported by reinforced concrete. In the past, wooden houses were predominantly covered with concrete foundations, but due to the effects of earthquake disasters, etc., in recent years, raft foundations have become the mainstream.

A conventional common raft foundation is constructed as follows.
(1) As topographical work, after excavating the construction area by excavating roots, crushed stones are spread over the area, which is then compacted by a roller compactor, a moisture-proof sheet is laid, and dump concrete is placed.
(2) Make a mark on the discarded concrete, and perform reinforcement work based on this. In the reinforcement work, multiple reinforcing bars are crossed vertically and horizontally at predetermined intervals in the horizontal plane, and the reinforcing bars embedded in the base part, which is the bottom plate, are arranged, and the reinforcing bars are embedded vertically and horizontally inside the rising part. to reinforce.
(3) Install a formwork around the foundation along the markings drawn on the discarded concrete. In addition, a formwork is installed for molding the raised portion to be molded along the outer periphery of the foundation and the raised portion to be molded in the inner region of the foundation. These forms are placed in a vertical orientation at predetermined locations identified by markings.
(4) Install structural metal fittings for connecting the building base and pillars to the foundation at predetermined positions within the formwork.
(5) Concrete is poured into the formwork to mold the base portion and the rising portion. At this time, the upper surfaces of the base portion and the rising portion are flattened with a trowel.
(6) After the concrete has fully hardened, the outer and inner forms are removed and the slab foundation is constructed.

As described above, slab foundations are constructed by arranging reinforcing bars on the entire construction area at the construction site, then framing concrete formwork around and inside, and then pouring concrete into the formwork to harden it. Let it mold. This work requires a lot of time and labor because of the complexity of arranging the reinforcing bars and setting up the formwork. get higher In addition, conventional raft foundations require a large amount of concrete to be poured into the formwork, requiring a long period of on-site pouring work and curing time until the concrete hardens. Furthermore, in the midst of the chronic labor shortage in recent years, there has been a problem that conventional construction methods cannot meet demand due to the aging of wooden house foundation contractors and the lack of young people.

In order to solve such problems, the present inventor has simplified the construction of the raft foundation so that it can be installed by anyone other than a foundation construction contractor, can achieve a significant reduction in the construction period, and is low cost. We have developed a construction method for raft foundations that can be constructed at a low cost. (See Patent Document 1)

JP 2019-143354 A

In this slab foundation construction method, a plurality of concrete blocks manufactured in advance in a factory or the like are transported to the construction site, the concrete blocks are installed at predetermined positions in the construction area of the foundation of the building, and these concrete blocks are connected to each other. It is constructed by molding the cast concrete part with concrete that is cast at the site. As shown in FIG. 18, the concrete block 910 has a vertical standing wall portion 901, a bottom plate portion 902 horizontally extending from the lower portion of the rising wall portion 901, and a wall portion 901 and a bottom plate portion 902. and a plurality of rebars 903 partially embedded in the wall portion 901 and connecting projections 903x projecting horizontally from the end faces of the bottom plate portion 902. As shown in FIG.

In this slab foundation construction method, the slab foundation is constructed in the following steps.
(1) As topographical work, after excavating the construction area 930 by excavating roots, crushed stones are spread over the ground, and after the crushed stones are rolled and compacted by a roller compactor, a dampproof sheet is laid and dump concrete 932 is poured.
(2) After the placed concrete has hardened, marking is performed on the discarded concrete 932 to display the perimeter line 931 of the building.
(3) Concrete blocks 910 are placed along the perimeter line 931 of the building.
(4) Using a plurality of connecting protrusions 903x protruding from the concrete block 910, reinforcing bars for placing embedded in the concrete to be placed are arranged.
(5) Formwork is installed along the side surface of the rising wall portion 901 of the concrete block 910 .
(6) Concrete is placed inside the formwork to mold the placed concrete portion. As the placed concrete portion, a placed bottom plate portion continuing to the bottom plate portion 902 and a placed upper wall portion continuing to the rising wall portion 901 are molded.
(7) After the poured concrete has sufficiently dried and hardened, the formwork is removed. In this state, a mat foundation is constructed.

Thus, the method of constructing a foundation using concrete blocks has the advantage of being able to construct a raft foundation at a low cost while greatly shortening the construction period compared to conventional construction methods. However, in this construction method, as in the conventional construction method, a piece of waste concrete is formed for marking, so it takes more than a day for the poured concrete to harden, and this process takes time. there were. In addition, when pouring dump concrete, it is necessary to level the surface, and this work requires skill. Furthermore, it is difficult to make the surface completely flat by manual leveling work, and the surface has some unevenness. For this reason, when placing concrete blocks on top of the discarded concrete that has been formed, fine adjustments are required in order to place the concrete blocks in the correct horizontal posture, and this adjustment takes time. rice field.

The present invention has been made to solve such conventional problems. One of the objects of the present invention is to simplify the construction of a slab foundation by using a construction method using concrete blocks, so that it can be installed by anyone other than a foundation construction contractor, and the construction period can be greatly shortened. To provide a technique capable of constructing a slab foundation at a low cost by further shortening a construction period by constructing a slab foundation without providing dump concrete while constructing at a low cost.

Means for Solving Problems and Effect of Invention

A method for constructing a slab foundation according to an aspect of the present invention includes a raised wall part formed of concrete in a vertical position, and a base plate integrally formed of concrete so as to extend horizontally below the raised wall part. and a plurality of reinforcing bars embedded in the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion, part of which protrudes horizontally from the end surface of a part of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion to form a connecting protrusion. a preparation step of preparing a concrete block comprising: a placement step of placing the concrete block in a position to support the superstructure of the building in a construction area for constructing the foundation of the building; and a plurality of connecting projections projecting from the concrete block A reinforcement arrangement process for arranging reinforcing bars for placing embedded in the concrete to be placed, a formwork installation process for installing a formwork along the rising wall of the concrete block, and a formwork installation process. It includes a concrete placing step of placing concrete inside to form a placed bottom plate portion continuing to the bottom plate portion and a placed top wall portion continuing to the rising wall portion. The slab foundation construction method further includes a laying step of laying a flat panel on the ground in an area where the concrete blocks are placed as a pre-process of the placing step, and , placing the concrete blocks in place in the placing process.

According to the construction method described above, since the laying process of laying flat panels in the area where the concrete blocks are to be placed is provided as a pre-process before the placing process, the concrete blocks can be simply and easily placed in place in the placing process. You can build a solid foundation. In particular, by laying flat panels, which are moldings, without forming waste concrete as in the past, concrete blocks can be easily and easily placed in place, reducing the process of placing concrete on site. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently build a solid foundation while reducing the amount of work on site and shortening the work time. Therefore, compared to conventional raft foundations, construction can be performed at a lower cost while shortening the construction period.

A method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the flat panel is a panel material having at least one main surface as a flat surface, and in the laying process, the flat panel is placed on the ground so that the flat surface faces upward. to lay.

According to the above construction method, a panel material having at least one main surface as a flat panel is used, and the flat panel is laid so that the flat panel faces the upper surface. In addition, it can be easily placed while specifying its posture. In the conventional construction method, it is difficult to level the dump concrete under the concrete blocks, and the surface cannot be made completely flat, and the surface has some unevenness. For this reason, when placing a concrete block on this surface, it is difficult to place the concrete block in an accurate horizontal posture, and there is a gap between the surface of the discarded concrete and the concrete block. It was necessary to place the concrete block while interposing a member for adjusting its posture. On the other hand, by making the upper surface of the flat plate panel to be laid flat, the concrete block can be simply and easily placed in an accurate posture when the concrete block is placed. As a result, the concrete blocks can be placed while specifying the orientation with high accuracy while the process of arranging the concrete blocks can be simplified and facilitated, and the foundation can be constructed at low cost.

In the method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, further, as a process after the laying process and before the laying process, the flat panel laid in the laying process is placed on the upper surface of the flat panel in the laying process. It includes a marking process to display the perimeter line of the building that identifies the placement position of the concrete block.

According to the above construction method, since the perimeter line of the building for specifying the placement position of the concrete block is marked on the upper surface of the flat panel, the perimeter line can be displayed simply and accurately, and the concrete block can be placed along this perimeter line. can be placed in the correct position.

A method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention further includes, as a pre-process of the laying process, a deep excavated portion deeply excavated along the outer circumference line of the building in the outer peripheral portion of the construction area of the foundation, and a deep excavated portion. In the laying process, a flat plate panel is laid in the deep trench.

According to the above construction method, a flat plate panel is laid in the deep excavation along the perimeter line that will be the outer shell of the building, and concrete blocks are placed on top of it. Can be placed while positioning accurately.

In a method of constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, flat panels are laid over the entire perimeter of a building in the laying process.

According to the construction method described above, since the outer peripheral wall of the foundation is constructed on flat panels that are spread all around the building, the interface between the outer peripheral wall of the built foundation and the ground can have a beautiful appearance. be. In addition, since the flat panel is laid around the entire circumference of the building, when marking the top surface of the flat panel, both the outer peripheral line for positioning the concrete blocks and the outer peripheral line for positioning the upper wall of the concrete block are displayed accurately. can.

In a method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, a concrete block placed in a deep trench is formed at the lower end of the rising wall to be thicker than the rising wall and protrudes from the bottom surface of the bottom plate. In the laying process, a flat panel is laid in the region facing the recess of the concrete block.

According to the construction method described above, since the flat panel is laid in the region facing the embedded portion of the concrete block having the embedded portion, the concrete block can be reliably supported while reducing the area of the flat panel.

In a method of constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, in the laying process, an earth retaining panel in a vertical posture is arranged at the boundary between the deep trench and the center of the step.

According to the construction method described above, by arranging a vertical earth retaining panel at the boundary between the deep trench and the central portion of the step, it is possible to effectively prevent the central portion of the step from collapsing from the outer periphery. In addition, due to the height of the earth retaining panel, which is placed in a vertical posture, ground work can be done while visually recognizing the difference in height between the deep trench and the center of the step.

A method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention holds an earth retaining panel in a vertical position via a fixture held in an upright position by a flat panel in a laying process.

According to the construction method described above, the fixture is held in an upright position by the flat panel laid in the deep trench, and the earth retaining panel is held in a vertical position via this fixture, so the earth retaining panel can be simply and easily installed. It can be held in a vertical position while being placed in place.

A method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention includes, in the laying step, laying a flat panel in the center of the step, and in the arranging step, placing a concrete block on the upper surface of the flat panel laid in the center of the step. place.

According to the construction method described above, concrete blocks are placed in the portion that supports the superstructure in the center of the steps provided inside the construction area of the foundation, and a flat panel is also laid below the concrete blocks, so that the construction area is While arranging the concrete blocks simply, easily and accurately even in the interior of the concrete block, it is possible to efficiently mold the cast-up upper wall portion continuing to the rising wall portion of the concrete block.

In a method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, the concrete block placed at the center of the step is an open block formed by cutting the center of the rising wall and providing a notch. is used as an opening for traffic.

According to the above method, by arranging the concrete block having the notch portion obtained by cutting the central portion of the rising wall portion at the center portion of the step, it is possible to easily and easily pass through the rising wall formed inside the construction area. Apertures can be formed.

In a method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, the concrete block is provided with a through hole penetrating the bottom plate portion, and in the concrete placing step, the through hole is used as an air vent below the bottom plate portion. fill with concrete.

According to the construction method described above, when placing concrete, the through hole provided in the bottom plate portion can be used as an air vent to fill the lower portion of the bottom plate portion with concrete. For this reason, even a narrow gap below the bottom plate portion is filled with concrete while the air is drawn upward from the through-hole, so that the entire area below the bottom plate portion can be filled with concrete while flowing in quickly.

In a method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, the concrete block is provided with a through hole penetrating the bottom plate portion, and in the concrete placing process, the through hole is used as a confirmation window below the bottom plate portion. Visually check the filling condition of the concrete filled in.

According to the construction method described above, when pouring concrete, the through-hole provided in the bottom plate portion can be used as a confirmation window to visually confirm the filling state of the concrete below the bottom plate portion while pouring the concrete. Concrete can be reliably filled under the part.

In a method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, a concrete block is provided with a plurality of through-holes penetrating through a bottom plate portion, and in a concrete placing step, mortar is poured from any of the through-holes. While injecting the mortar, the mortar is filled below the bottom plate part while checking the mortar filling state using the other through-holes as a confirmation window.

According to the construction method described above, the filling state of mortar injected from one of the plurality of through-holes provided in the bottom plate can be checked from the other through-holes. mortar can be filled under the

In a method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, in the preparation step, concrete blocks are formed in an L shape so that the rising wall portion is continuous with two sides perpendicular to each other in a plan view of the bottom plate portion. corner blocks are prepared, and the corner blocks are arranged at the corners of the perimeter line of the building in the arrangement process.

According to the construction method described above, corner blocks are arranged at the corners of the outer periphery of the building. The wall can be easily and easily molded.

In a method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, in the preparation step, one end of an intermediate wall portion integrally molded in a standing posture on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion as a concrete block is perpendicular to the intermediate portion of the standing wall portion. The intermediate wall portion and the rising wall portion are connected in such a manner that the plan view of the intermediate wall portion and the rising wall portion is T-shaped, and a part of the reinforcing bars embedded in the intermediate wall portion is horizontally extended from the end surface of the other end of the intermediate wall portion. Prepare a T-shaped block that protrudes into the connecting protrusion, and in the placement process, place the T-shaped block in the straight part of the outer circumference line of the building or inside the construction area, and in the reinforcement process, formwork installation and the concrete placing step, a cast intermediate wall portion that is continuous with the intermediate wall portion of the T-shaped block is formed.

According to the construction method described above, by using a concrete block in which the rising wall portion and the intermediate wall portion are perpendicular to each other to form a T shape in plan view, the rising wall portion and the intermediate wall portion that are orthogonal to each other are easily and accurately formed. At the same time, the amount of concrete placed on site can be further reduced, enabling construction at low cost. Furthermore, by using the intermediate wall portion of the T-shaped block, the cast intermediate wall portion continuous with the intermediate wall portion can be formed simply, easily and accurately.

In a method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, in the preparation step, one end of an intermediate wall portion integrally molded in a standing posture on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion as a concrete block is perpendicular to the intermediate portion of the standing wall portion. A second T-shape in which the intermediate wall portion and the rising wall portion are T-shaped in plan view, and the end surface of the other end of the intermediate wall portion is a vertical surface formed of concrete. Prepare the blocks, and in the placement process, place the second T-shaped block in the straight part of the outer circumference line of the building or inside the building; On the extension line of the intermediate wall portion of the T-shaped block of No. 2, a cast intermediate wall portion that is discontinuous with the intermediate wall portion is molded, and the end face of this cast intermediate wall portion is separated from the end face of the intermediate wall portion. , forming a pass-through opening between the opposing end faces.

According to the above method, a cast intermediate wall portion that is discontinuous with the intermediate wall portion is formed on the extension line of the intermediate wall portion of the second T-shaped block placed inside the construction area or the straight portion of the outer circumference line of the building. By molding and arranging the end face of the placed intermediate wall portion and the end face of the intermediate wall portion facing each other with a gap therebetween, the access opening can be easily and easily formed in the rising wall formed inside the construction area. can be formed.

A method of constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention uses cement boards or concrete panels mixed with reinforcing fibers as flat panels.

Furthermore, in a method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention, the flat panel is used as an exterior wall panel of a building.

1 is a perspective view showing a slab foundation built by a slab foundation construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the earthing|grounding process of the construction method of the slab foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the laying process of the construction method of the slab foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the arrangement|positioning process of the construction method of the slab foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the arrangement|positioning process of the construction method of the slab foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the reinforcement arrangement process of the construction method of the slab foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the form installation process of the construction method of the slab foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the concrete placing process of the construction method of the slab foundation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the slab foundation constructed by the slab foundation construction method according to the embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram corresponding to the cross section taken along the line IX-IX of FIG. 1; It is a top view which shows an example of a concrete block. Figure 11 is a perspective view of the concrete block shown in Figure 10; It is a perspective view which shows another example of a concrete block. It is a perspective view which shows another example of a concrete block. It is a perspective view which shows another example of a concrete block. It is a perspective view which shows another example of a concrete block. It is an expanded cross-sectional perspective view which shows a laying process. FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the form setting process, and is a view corresponding to the XVII-XVII line cross-section of FIG. 7; It is a perspective view which shows the construction method of the slab foundation previously developed by this inventor.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments shown below are examples for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and are not limited to the following things or methods. In addition, this specification does not specify the members shown in the claims as the members of the embodiment. Unless otherwise specified, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, etc. of components described in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely explanations. Just an example. Note that the sizes and positional relationships of members shown in each drawing may be exaggerated for clarity of explanation. Furthermore, in the following description, the same names and symbols indicate the same or homogeneous members, and detailed description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. Furthermore, each of the elements constituting the present invention may be configured with the same member so that a single member may serve as a plurality of elements, or conversely, the function of one member may be performed by a plurality of members. It can also be realized by sharing.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a slab foundation for a building constructed by a slab foundation construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The raft foundation shown in the figure consists of concrete blocks 10 that are manufactured in advance in a factory or the like, transported to the site and installed, and concrete that is poured on the site so as to be continuous with the concrete blocks 10. Concrete part 20 is formed. The slab foundation shown in FIG. 1 is constructed by a construction method including the following steps shown in FIGS.

[Method for constructing slab foundation]
The method of constructing the slab foundation includes a vertical upright wall portion 1, a bottom plate portion 2 extending horizontally from the bottom of the upright wall portion 1, and embedded in the upright wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2, A preparation step of preparing a concrete block 10 including a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 partially formed with connecting projections 3x projecting horizontally from the end surfaces of the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2; In the construction area 30 to be constructed, a placement step (see FIGS. 4 and 5) of arranging the concrete blocks 10 at positions supporting the superstructure of the building, and using a plurality of connecting projections 3x projecting from the concrete blocks 10 , a reinforcing bar arranging step (see FIG. 6) for arranging the reinforcing bars 23 for placing embedded in the concrete to be placed; Step (see FIG. 7), concrete is placed inside the formwork 24, and a placed bottom plate portion 22 continuing to the bottom plate portion 2 and a placed upper wall portion 21 continuing to the rising wall portion 1 are performed. and a concrete casting step (see FIG. 8) for molding. The slab foundation construction method further includes a laying step (see FIG. 3) of laying a flat panel 35 on the ground 39 in the area where the concrete blocks 10 are placed, as a pre-process of the placing step. A concrete block 10 is placed on the upper surface of the laid flat panel 35 and placed in a fixed position in the placement process.

The raft foundation construction method further includes, as a pre-process of the laying process, a deep trench 30A deeply excavated along the outer periphery line 31 of the building in the outer peripheral portion of the foundation construction area 30, and inside the deep trench 30A, A flat panel 35 can be laid in the deep trench 30A in the laying step including the stepped central portion 30B formed higher than the deep trench 30A (see FIG. 2).

The method of constructing the slab foundation further includes placing the concrete blocks 10 to be placed in the placement process on the upper surface of the flat panel 35 laid in the laying process as a process after the laying process and before the placement process. A marking step (see FIG. 3) can be included to display the perimeter line 31 of the building to locate.

Hereinafter, each step of the method for constructing a slab foundation according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. In this specification, the term "building superstructure" refers to structures such as pillars, walls, braces, floors, partitions, etc., which are fixed on the raised wall of the foundation via the foundation or directly. shall mean. In addition, in this specification, the "perimeter line of the building" means the lower end of the building constructed in the construction area, that is, the line along the perimeter of the slab foundation to be constructed.

[Preparation process]
In the preparation process, concrete blocks with the structure shown below are prepared. Concrete blocks prepared in the preparation process are shown in FIGS. 9 to 15. FIG. The concrete block 10 shown in these figures comprises a rising wall portion 1 formed of concrete in a vertical posture, and a bottom plate portion 2 integrally formed of concrete below the rising wall portion 1 so as to extend horizontally. , and is embedded in the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2, and a part thereof protrudes horizontally from the end face of a part of the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 to form a connecting projection portion 3x. A plurality of reinforcing bars 3 are provided. The concrete block 10 has a different shape depending on where it is placed, and is molded into various shapes.

(Concrete block 10, corner block 10A)
FIG. 9 shows a vertical cross-sectional view showing the concrete block 10 placed in the construction area 30 and the concrete poured. 10 and 11 respectively show a plan view and a perspective view of a corner block 10A arranged at a corner portion of a building.

A concrete block 10 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 includes a vertical standing wall portion 1 formed of concrete and a concrete portion extending horizontally from the inner surface of the lower portion of the rising wall portion 1. and a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 . Some of the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 protrude in the horizontal direction from end surfaces of some of the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 to form connecting protrusions 3x. Since the concrete block 10 shown in the figure is arranged at the corner of the building, it is provided with the rising wall 1 molded in an L shape so as to be continuous with two sides perpendicular to each other in the plan view of the base plate 2. there is This concrete block 10 has a plurality of rebars 3 protruding horizontally from the end faces excluding the outer face 1x to form connecting protruding portions 3x. That is, the corner block 10A shown in the figure has both end faces of an L-shaped upright wall portion 1 in plan view and a plurality of connecting projecting portions 3x from the adjacent end faces of the bottom plate portion 2 which are flush with these end faces. It protrudes in the crossing direction.

The concrete blocks 10 are formed by laying a flat panel 35 in a laying process (see FIG. 3) on the ground 39 that has been rolled in a grounding process (see FIG. 2), and then marking the building on the flat panel 35. It is installed with reference to the outer peripheral line 31 (indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 3). The construction area 30 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 includes a deep excavated portion 30A that is deeply excavated along the perimeter line 31 of the building, and a region inside the deep excavated portion 30A that is one step higher than the deep excavated portion 30A. It is partitioned into a step central portion 30B. The deep dug portion 30A is a region in which a rising portion formed on the outer peripheral portion of the slab foundation is constructed, and the step central portion 30B is a region in which a base portion formed inside the rising portion is constructed.

The concrete blocks 10 arranged in the outer peripheral portion of the construction area 30 are arranged so that the rising wall portion 1 is positioned in the deep trench portion 30A and the bottom plate portion 2 is positioned in the step center portion 30B. Further, the concrete block 10 of FIGS. 9 and 10 is arranged so that the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 is used as the positioning surface 9, and the positioning surface 9 is aligned with the outer peripheral line 31, so that the concrete block 10 can be It is placed at a fixed position in the construction area 30 . The corner block 10A shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 matches the outer surface 1x of the rising wall 1, which intersects in an L-shape in plan view, with the perimeter line 31, which is the corner of the building and intersects vertically and horizontally. indicates the state of Thereby, the vertical and horizontal directions of the concrete blocks 10 are positioned accurately. Thus, the method of arranging the concrete block 10 so that the outer surface 1x of the concrete block 10 is aligned with the outer peripheral line 31 is the simplest and most accurate method of arranging the concrete block 10 at a fixed position. However, the concrete block 10 can also be positioned by displaying the outer peripheral line 31 as the center line of the rising wall portion 1 and aligning the outer peripheral line 31 with the center line of the rising wall portion 1 .

(Rising wall portion 1)
The rising wall portion 1 is in a vertical posture and is molded of concrete into a plate shape having a predetermined thickness. The upright wall portion 1 has a predetermined height and extends in the width direction to form a rectangular front shape when viewed from the outer surface 1x. In this specification, the expression "extends in the horizontal direction" means not only the state of extending in the horizontal plane, but also the state of extending in the width direction when viewed from the front. Used in a broad sense, including Furthermore, the upright wall portion 1 has flat outer and inner surfaces, which are both surfaces thereof. Further, the rising wall portion 1 shown in FIGS. 9 and 11 has an embedded portion 4 formed to be thicker than the rising wall portion 1 at its lower end portion. The embedding part 4 is formed integrally with the rising wall part 1 and the bottom plate part 2 so as to protrude from the lower surface of the bottom plate part 2 . Here, the thickness (t) of the rising wall portion 1 can be set to 120 mm or more. The rising wall portion 1 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 has a thickness (t) of 150 mm. The thickness (d) of the embedded portion 4 is set to be thicker than 150 mm, preferably thicker than 200 mm, and more preferably thicker than 250 mm. The embedded portion 4 shown in the figure has a thickness (d) of 300 mm. Furthermore, the protrusion amount (T) by which the embedded portion 4 protrudes from the lower surface of the bottom plate portion 2 is set to 100 mm. The amount of protrusion (T) is equal to the step between the upper surface of the flat plate panel 35 laid in the deep portion 30A and the central portion 30B of the step.

The rising wall portion 1 is installed in the deep trench portion 30A in the construction area 30, and arranged so that the lower portion thereof is buried in the ground. The rising wall 1 is designed so that the embedment 4 is completely buried in the ground. The deep trench 30A has a depth (D) of 100 mm or more, preferably 120 mm or more. The deep trench 30A shown in FIG. 9 has a depth (D) of 150 mm. Therefore, the rising wall portion 1 has a ground level (GL) at a portion 150 mm from the lower end, and the portion below this is buried in the ground. Further, the rising wall portion 1 is designed to have a height that protrudes above the ground, and the rising top surface height (H) from the ground level (GL) is 300 mm or more, preferably 400 mm or more. The rising wall portion 1 shown in FIG. 9 has an overall height of 580 mm. I'm trying to make it appear on the ground.

(Bottom plate part 2)
The bottom plate portion 2 is molded of concrete so as to extend horizontally from the inner surface of the lower portion of the rising wall portion 1 . The corner block 10A shown in FIG. 9 has raised walls 1 that intersect in an L-shape. are provided. The bottom plate portion 2 is plate-shaped with a lower surface positioned one step higher than the lower surface of the embedded portion 4 . The bottom plate part 2 has a thickness (s) of 120 mm or more. The bottom plate portion 2 shown in FIG. 9 has a thickness (s) of 150 mm. In addition, the bottom plate portion 2 has an upper surface height (h) higher than the ground level (GL) by 100 mm. In the concrete block 10 shown in the figure, the reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the bottom plate portion 2 are arranged in one stage (single reinforcing bar arrangement). However, in the concrete block, although not shown, the reinforcing bars embedded in the bottom plate can be arranged in two stages (double reinforcing bars). In the concrete block of this structure, the thickness (s) of the bottom slab is set to 200 mm or more in consideration of the interval between reinforcing bars arranged in two stages and the thickness of the concrete cover.

The rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 described above are integrally molded with concrete and formed into a predetermined three-dimensional shape. The corner block 10A shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 has the same vertical and horizontal lengths (L) and has a square outer shape in plan view. The corner block 10A has a vertical and horizontal length (L) of 800 mm or more, preferably 2000 mm or less. The illustrated corner block 10A has a vertical and horizontal length (L) of 910 mm. The corner block 10A of this structure can be easily moved by using a lifting machine such as a crane with a total weight of 700 kg or less.

(reinforcing bar 3)
Furthermore, the concrete block 10 has a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 . A plurality of reinforcing bars 3 are arranged in the inside of the bottom plate portion 2 so as to intersect vertically and horizontally at predetermined intervals (K) in the horizontal direction. In addition, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 are arranged inside the rising wall portion 1 so as to intersect vertically and horizontally at predetermined intervals (K). Furthermore, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 are arranged in two rows, one above the other, in the thickness direction of the embedded portion 4 at a predetermined interval (K) inside the embedded portion 4 . Furthermore, the reinforcing bars 3 bent in a U-shape are crossed in a vertical posture and connected to the four reinforcing bars arranged in two rows and two rows inside the embedded portion 4, and are connected to each other. One end is raised upward and arranged vertically inside the rising wall portion 1 , and the other end of the U-shape is horizontally bent and arranged inside the bottom board portion 2 . The reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the rising wall portion 1, the bottom plate portion 2, and the embedded portion 4 and arranged in an intersecting manner are connected by binding the intersections with wire rods to further strengthen the connection. be done.

However, the reinforcing bars 3 arranged inside the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 can be connected by welding or adhesion, or can be connected via a connecting tool other than a wire rod. In particular, since the concrete block 10 is molded with a dedicated formwork in a manufacturing factory or the like, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 arranged inside must be connected using the same means and tools as in the work at the site. No need. Therefore, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the concrete block 10 are arranged so as to be fixed at fixed positions inside the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 in a state in which the concrete is hardened. Although not shown in detail, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 can be arranged at the same arrangement and intervals as conventionally arranged reinforcing bars on site. .

Furthermore, the plurality of reinforcing bars 3 embedded inside the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 are arranged so that the ends of the reinforcing bars 3 arranged extending in the horizontal direction are placed on the end surfaces of the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 A connecting protrusion 3x is formed by protruding horizontally from the . These connecting projecting portions 3x horizontally project from the end surfaces of the vertically extending rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 when the concrete block 10 is placed at a predetermined position in the construction area 30. As shown in FIG. These connecting protrusions 3x are embedded in the concrete that is continuously poured into the concrete block 10. As shown in FIG. Thereby, the connection strength between the concrete blocks 10 arranged in the construction area 30 and the concrete placed in connection with the concrete blocks 10 can be increased. Here, the projection amount (R) of the connecting projecting portion 3x is 400 mm or more, preferably 500 mm or more. By lengthening the connecting projecting portion, the strength of connection with the reinforcing bar 23 for placing can be increased, and the strength of connection with the placed concrete portion 20 that is continuously molded to the concrete block 10 can be increased. However, if the connecting projecting portion is too long, the transportation and installation of the concrete block 10 will be restricted. Therefore, the projection amount (R) of the connecting projecting portion 3x is 800 mm or less, preferably 600 mm or less. In the corner block 10A shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the protrusion amount (R) of the connecting protrusions 3x that protrude from the two end faces facing the L-shaped rising wall 1 is 550 mm. The corner block 10A of this structure can be easily transported by using transportation means such as a truck because the length (W) of the whole block can be set to 1500 mm or less.

Furthermore, since these connecting projections 3x are arranged at regular intervals around the concrete blocks 10 arranged in the construction area 30 with a predetermined amount of projection, the reinforcing bars for placing embedded in the concrete to be placed are 23 is effectively used as a guide when arranging reinforcement. In the reinforcement work for arranging a large number of reinforcing bars 23 for placing, it is important to arrange the reinforcing bars 23 while intersecting them at equal intervals. It is also important to secure a predetermined cover thickness by maintaining the distance from the flat plate panel 35 laid on the bottom surface and the distance from the top surface of the placed bottom plate portion 22 . In the above-described concrete block 10, the connecting projecting portion 3x projecting horizontally from the end face can be used as a guide for arranging the reinforcing bars 23 for placing, so that a large number of reinforcing bars 23 for placing can be easily and easily installed. Moreover, the reinforcing bars can be arranged while surely maintaining the predetermined intervals. In addition, since it is arranged in a horizontal posture while maintaining a predetermined interval with respect to the upper surface of the construction area 30, it is possible to secure a predetermined cover thickness.

Furthermore, the erecting reinforcing bars 23T arranged in the erecting wall portion 1 are complicated and time-consuming. Reinforcement work can be reduced, and the time required for reinforcement work can be shortened. In this way, by using a plurality of connecting protrusions 3x that protrude from the end face of the concrete block 10, the complicated reinforcement work can be simplified. In particular, it does not require a high degree of expertise, and anyone with some experience in the field can easily arrange the reinforcing bars.

The reinforcing bar 3 described above can have a thickness of 10 mm or more. The reinforcing bar 3 can be 13 mm, for example. Further, the interval (K) between the rebars 3 arranged in multiple rows crossing vertically and horizontally or crossing vertically and horizontally can be 100 mm to 300 mm, preferably 150 mm to 250 mm. In the concrete block 10 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the interval (K) between the reinforcing bars 3 is 200 mm.

The concrete blocks 10 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 show the corner blocks 10A arranged at the corners of the building. , the side of the building and can also be a block placed on a straight portion of the perimeter line 31 .

(Linear block 10B)
The concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 12 is a linear block 10B in which the rising wall portion 1 is linear in plan view. The linear blocks 10B are arranged, for example, between the corners of the building, where the outer peripheral line 31 is linear. The linear block 10B shown in FIG. 12 has a length (L1) in the thickness direction and a length (L2) in the width direction of the rising wall portion 1 within the same range as the length (L) of the corner block described above. , and is 800 mm to 2000 mm, for example, 910 mm, which is equal to the length (L) of the corner block described above. The linear block 10B has a square outer shape in a plan view, and has connecting protrusions 3x protruding from end faces located on three sides excluding the side on which the rising wall portion 1 is provided. That is, the linear block 10B has a plurality of reinforcing bars 3 protruding in the horizontal direction from the end surfaces other than the outer surface 1x to form the connecting protrusions 3x. The illustrated linear block 10B has a plurality of connecting projecting portions 3x projected horizontally from both end faces of the rising wall portion 1 and from both end faces of the bottom plate portion 2 which are flush with both end faces of the rising wall portion 1. In addition, a plurality of connecting projecting portions 3x are projected horizontally from the end surface of the bottom plate portion 2 facing the outer surface 1x. The connecting protrusions 3x protruding horizontally from the adjacent end surfaces of the bottom plate 2 are arranged in a manner to cross each other. This linear block 10C can be conveniently used for the side of the building where the cast intermediate wall portion 25 is not constructed. In addition, the total weight is set to 550 kg or less and can be easily moved by using a lifting machine such as a crane. Furthermore, in this linear block 10B, since the projection amount (R) of the connecting projections 3x projecting from the end faces located on the three sides is set to 550 mm, the vertical and horizontal lengths (W1, W2) of the entire block are 1460 mm × 2010 mm. As such, it can be easily transported using a transport means such as a truck.

(T-shaped block 10C)
Further, the concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 13 has an intermediate wall portion 5 integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 in an upright posture. This concrete block 10 connects one end of the intermediate wall portion 5 to the intermediate portion of the rising wall portion 1 in a posture perpendicular to the intermediate wall portion 1, so that the intermediate wall portion 5 and the rising wall portion 1 are T-shaped in plan view. A letter-shaped block 10C is used. In this T-shaped block 10C, a portion of the reinforcing bar 3 embedded in the intermediate wall portion 5 protrudes horizontally from the end surface of the intermediate wall portion 5 to form a connecting protruding portion 3x. This T-shaped block 10C also has a rectangular planar shape as a whole, and has connecting projections 3x projecting from the end faces located on three sides excluding the side where the rising wall portion 1 is provided. That is, the T-shaped block 10C has a plurality of rebars 3 protruding horizontally from the end faces excluding the outer side face 1x to form the connecting protrusions 3x. The illustrated T-shaped block 10B horizontally projects a plurality of connecting projections 3x from both end faces of the rising wall portion 1 and both end faces of the bottom plate portion 2 which are flush with both end faces of the rising wall portion 1. In addition, a plurality of connecting projecting portions 3x are projected horizontally from the end surface of the bottom plate portion 2 facing the outer surface 1x and the end surface of the intermediate wall portion 5. As shown in FIG. The connecting protrusions 3x protruding horizontally from the adjacent end surfaces of the bottom plate 2 are arranged in a manner to cross each other. Since this T-shaped block 10D has an intermediate wall portion 5 connected to the rising wall portion 1, when constructing the intermediate wall inside the rising portion constructed on the outer periphery of the slab foundation, By using the intermediate wall portion 5 molded inside the upper wall portion 1 as a guide, it is possible to easily install a formwork for molding the placed intermediate wall portion 25 which is molded with concrete to be placed. In addition, by using the connecting projecting portion 3x projecting from the end surface of the intermediate wall portion 5 as a guide, it is possible to easily arrange the reinforcing bars 23 for placing embedded in the intermediate wall portion 25 for placement.

As shown in FIG. 13, this T-shaped block 10C has a length (L1) in the thickness direction of the rising wall portion 1 equal to a length (L2) in the width direction of the rising wall portion 1. , which has a square outer shape in plan view, and can be conveniently used on the side of a building where the cast intermediate wall portion 25 is to be constructed. For example, this T-shaped block 10C has a length (L1) in the thickness direction of the rising wall portion 1 and a length (L2) in the width direction of the rising wall portion 1, which is the length of the corner block described above. The same range as the length (L) is set, for example, 910 mm. The T-shaped block 10C of this size can be easily moved by using a lifting machine such as a crane with a total weight of 600 kg or less. Furthermore, in this linear block 10B, since the projection amount (R) of the connecting projections 3x projecting from the end faces located on the three sides is set to 550 mm, the vertical and horizontal lengths (W1, W2) of the entire block are 1460 mm × 2010 mm. As such, it can be easily transported using a transport means such as a truck.

(Second T-shaped block 10D)
The concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 14 has an intermediate wall portion 5 integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 in an upright posture, similar to the T-shaped block 10C described above. The intermediate wall portion 5 and the rising wall portion 1 are T-shaped in plan view by being connected in a posture perpendicular to the intermediate portion of the upper wall portion 1 . The second T-shaped block 10D also has a square planar shape as a whole, and the end faces 5A of the intermediate wall 5 located on three sides excluding the side on which the rising wall 1 is provided. A connecting projecting portion 3x is projected from the end face excepted. That is, the second T-shaped block 10D has a plurality of rebars 3 protruding in the horizontal direction from the end faces excluding the outer surface 1x and excluding the end face 5A of the intermediate wall portion 5 to form the connecting protrusions 3x. ing. This second T-shaped block 10D is used to open a walk-through opening 29 in the rise formed inside the foundation. Therefore, the reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the intermediate wall portion 5 do not protrude from the end surface of the intermediate wall portion 5 in the horizontal direction, but form a vertical surface made of concrete.

The second T-shaped block 10D in FIG. 14 is arranged on the straight part of the outer circumference line 31 of the building, and as shown in FIG. A passage opening 29 is formed by molding the placement intermediate wall portion 25 . The placed intermediate wall portion 25 formed on the extension line of the intermediate wall portion 5 of the second T-shaped block 10D has an end surface facing the end surface 5A of the intermediate wall portion 5 as a vertical surface of concrete, and the intermediate wall portion 5 By arranging them apart from the end faces 5A of the two, a pass-through opening 29 is formed between the opposing end faces.

The corner blocks 10A, the linear blocks 10B, the T-shaped blocks 10C, and the second T-shaped blocks 10D described above are concrete blocks arranged on the outer periphery of the foundation construction area 30. As shown in FIG. These concrete blocks 10 are integrally formed with embedded portions 4 protruding from the bottom surface of the base plate portion 2 . However, the concrete blocks 10 can also be placed inside the construction area 30 of the foundation. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 15 , the concrete block 10 placed inside the construction area 30 has a flat bottom surface of the bottom plate portion 2 without providing the embedded portion 4 . The concrete blocks 10 placed inside the construction area 30 of the foundation can also have various shapes depending on the place where they are placed, that is, according to the shape of the raised part built inside. An example of the concrete block 10 placed inside the construction area 30 and an example of construction using the concrete block 10 will be described below.

(Open block 10E)
The concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 15 is the concrete block 10 arranged in the step central portion 30B, and is an open block 10E formed by cutting the central portion of the rising wall portion 1 and providing the notch portion 1B. The opening block 10E shown in FIG. 15 has a shape in which the middle portion of the straight rising wall portion 1 provided on the center line of the bottom plate portion 2 is cut off. is provided with a columnar dividing wall portion 1A. The pair of dividing wall portions 1A has vertical surfaces 1a formed of concrete at the end surfaces facing each other, and from the end surface on the opposite side of the vertical surface 1a, part of the reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the dividing wall portions 1A The connecting protrusion 3x is formed by protruding in the horizontal direction. As shown in FIG. 1, this open block 10E is formed with a driving intermediate wall portion 25 that is continuous with the dividing wall portion 1A, and at the notch portion 1B of the rising wall portion 1, the opposing vertical surfaces 1a are separated from each other. A feed-through opening 29 is formed therebetween.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, the concrete blocks 10 arranged inside the construction area 30 are T-shaped in plan view by providing an intermediate wall portion 5 perpendicular to the rising wall portion 1 . It can also be block 10F. Furthermore, although not shown, the concrete blocks placed inside the construction area 30 are linear blocks in which the rising walls are straight when viewed from above, or the rising walls are cross-shaped when viewed from above. A cross-shaped block may be used, or a flat block may be used in which the entirety is composed only of a bottom plate portion without providing a rising wall portion. By arranging these concrete blocks in the area where the placed concrete portion is formed, the amount of concrete to be effectively placed can be reduced. In addition, since it is placed in the state of a floating island inside the construction area, when leveling the surface of the cast concrete with a trowel, you can step on the top surface of the bottom plate of this concrete block and level the work efficiently. can.

(Fitting groove portion 6)
As shown in FIGS. 9 to 15, the above-described concrete block 10 is provided with an uneven shape 6 at the end provided with the connecting protrusion 3x to increase the connection strength with the continuously cast concrete portion 20. It has a structure that enhances The concrete block 10 shown in the figure is provided with a fitting groove 6A along the arrangement direction of the plurality of connecting protrusions 3x on the end face provided with the connecting protrusions 3x. The illustrated fitting groove portion 6A is formed along the longitudinal direction of the end faces of the bottom plate portion 2, the rising wall portion 1, and the intermediate wall portion 5 along the center line. The concrete block 10 shown in the figure connects the fitting groove portion 6A provided on the end surface of the bottom plate portion 2 and the fitting groove portion 6A provided on the end surface of the rising wall portion 1 in a T-shape, and the lower portion of this connecting portion At the end surface of the embedded portion 4, a fitting groove portion 6A is provided so as to have a square shape when viewed from the front, and is connected to the fitting groove portion 6A provided on the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1. there is As shown in FIG. 9, the concrete block 10 having the fitting groove portion 6A at the boundary portion with the cast concrete portion to be cast adjacently in this way has the concrete to be placed inside the fitting groove portion 6A, as shown in FIG. A fitting convex portion 26A is formed to enter and fit into the fitting groove portion 6A. Therefore, by increasing the contact area between the fitting groove portion 6A formed in the end face of the concrete block 10 and the concrete to be poured, the bonding force can be increased and the connection strength can be increased. In particular, the shearing force at the boundary between the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 and the placed concrete portion 20 can be increased.

In the concrete block 10 shown in the figure, the uneven shape 6 provided at the end provided with the connecting protrusion 3x is used as the fitting groove 6A. It is also possible to provide a fitting ridge extending into the groove, and form a fitting concave portion to be fitted with the fitting ridge in the cast concrete portion facing this. This structure also increases the contact area between the fitting ridge formed on the end face of the concrete block and the concrete to be placed, thereby increasing the bonding strength and increasing the connection strength, while increasing the base and riser parts. It is possible to increase the shearing force at the boundary between the wall and the placed concrete.

Further, although not shown, the concrete block can be formed into a zigzag shape in which the ends provided with the connecting protrusions move in and out, and the end faces provided with the connecting protrusions can be uneven. Furthermore, although not shown, the concrete block can have various uneven shapes at the ends connected to the placed concrete portion, thereby increasing the strength of the connection with the placed concrete portion.

(Anchor bolt 7)
Further, the concrete block 10 shown in FIG. 9 has anchor bolts 7 embedded in the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1 for fixing a base (not shown). Anchor bolts 7 protrude vertically from the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1 so as to fix a foundation arranged on the upper surface. The amount of protrusion of the anchor bolt 7 is set to a length that penetrates and protrudes through the foundation arranged on the upper surface of the raised portion of the constructed raft foundation.

(Hold-down anchor bolt 8)
Furthermore, the concrete block 10 of FIG. 9 is fixed by embedding hold-down anchor bolts 8 for fixing columns (not shown). This hold-down anchor bolt 8 is embedded in the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1, adjacent to the position where the pillar is arranged, so as to protrude from the upper surface. For example, the hold-down anchor bolt 8 has a projection amount of about 500 mm from the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1 and a length embedded in the rising wall portion 1 of about 400 mm to provide sufficient connection strength, particularly tensile strength. increasing strength. The hold-down anchor bolts 8 are connected to the reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the rising wall portion 1 via metal fittings or by tightening. 1 to 8 and 10 to 15, the anchor bolts 7 and the hold-down anchor bolts 8 are omitted without illustration.

(through hole)
Further, the concrete block 10 shown in FIGS. 10 to 15 is provided with through holes 12 penetrating through the bottom plate portion 2 . The through-hole 12 is opened at a position close to the central portion of the bottom plate portion 2 or the rising wall portion 1, preferably at a position away from the end face where the connecting projection portion 3x of the reinforcing bar protrudes. This through-hole 12 can be used as an air vent hole for promoting the penetration of concrete below the bottom plate portion 2 when the concrete blocks 10 are placed in the construction area 30 and the concrete is cast. As a result, when concrete flows downward from the outside of the bottom plate portion 2, the concrete is filled while removing air upward from the through holes 12, so that the entire area below the bottom plate portion 2 is quickly filled with concrete. can be filled. The through hole 12 is also used as a confirmation window for visually inspecting the filling state of the concrete filled under the bottom plate portion 2 . That is, in the process of placing concrete, by pouring concrete while looking into the through-hole 12 from above, it is possible to reliably fill the concrete while visually checking whether or not the bottom portion 2 is filled with concrete. can be done. The through hole 12 can have an inner diameter of, for example, several centimeters. In addition, through the through hole 12, mortar or the like with low viscosity can be injected through this hole when the inflow of concrete to the lower side of the bottom plate portion 2 is insufficient. A non-shrinkage mortar can be suitably used as such a low viscosity mortar. By injecting mortar from the through-holes 12, the area below the bottom plate portion 2 can be reliably filled with mortar without gaps.

The concrete block 10 can be provided with a plurality of through holes 12 in the bottom plate portion 2 . This concrete block 10 allows the concrete or mortar to flow into the underside of the bottom plate 2 of a wide area, and the state of filling thereof can be reliably confirmed. The concrete block 10 shown in FIGS. 10 to 15 has two through-holes 12 in the bottom plate portion 2 . In this concrete block 10, for example, by injecting non-shrink mortar from one through-hole 12 and visually checking the filling state of the mortar from the other through-hole 12, it is possible to confirm that the mortar is filled below the bottom plate portion 2. can be confirmed.

(lifting bracket)
Further, the concrete block 10 can be used to fix a crane sling fitting. Such metal fittings may be, for example, lifting metal fittings embedded in concrete in advance, or anchors into which I bolts used as lifting metal fittings are screwed. When a lifting metal fitting is provided on the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1, if there is a member protruding from this portion, the concrete block 10 becomes an obstacle when arranging the base. Therefore, anchors can be embedded in advance in such portions. By screwing metal fittings such as I bolts into these anchors, the anchors can be used as metal fittings for lifting, and after moving the concrete block 10, the I bolts can be removed to flatten the upper surface of the rising wall portion 1. - 特許庁In addition, in the bottom plate part 2, an anchor can be embedded in advance and an I bolt can be screwed into the anchor. can do. Such metal fittings can be fixed more firmly by connecting them to the reinforcing bars 3 arranged inside. Alternatively, a portion of the reinforcing bar 3 arranged inside may be bent in a U-shape and protruded from the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 to be used as a metal fitting for lifting.

By providing the lifting metal fittings at a plurality of locations, the load applied to the metal fittings can be distributed while lifting. In particular, by arranging a plurality of lifting metal fittings in a well-balanced manner, it is possible to stably lift the object while distributing the load applied to each metal fitting. In addition, the above-mentioned lifting metal fittings can be provided at optimum positions according to the shape of the concrete block 10 . The position of the lifting fitting is preferably a position that facilitates balance when lifting with a crane, and can be provided at a line-symmetrical position with respect to the center line passing through the center of gravity of the concrete block 10 in a plan view.

The concrete block 10 described above is manufactured in a manufacturing factory or the like using a molding form having a predetermined inner shape. Concrete block 10 preferably uses a molding form capable of integrally molding the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1, and the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 are formed by concrete filled in the molding form. The part 1 is integrally molded. Since these concrete blocks 10 are manufactured in a factory or the like, it is possible to harden the poured concrete over a sufficient period of time under an optimum temperature environment. Therefore, the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 can be formed in an accurate orthogonal posture while effectively preventing the connection strength between the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 integrally formed from being lowered. . For the concrete block 10, any other method that can cast concrete in a molding form and mold the rising wall portion 1 and the bottom plate portion 2 can be adopted.

In the slab foundation construction method, the concrete blocks 10 prepared in the above preparatory steps are used to construct a slab foundation for a building in the following steps.

[Grounding process]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a construction area 30 for constructing a slab foundation is excavated by root cutting. The construction area 30 is excavated in a state of being divided into a deep excavated portion 30A deeply excavated along the outer periphery line 31 of the building and a step central portion 30B excavated shallower than the deep excavated portion 30A inside the deep excavated portion 30A. do. After that, crushed stones 34 are spread over the deep trench 30A, and the crushed stones 34 are rolled and compacted by a roller compactor.

[Laying process]
In this laying step, a flat plate panel 35 is laid on the upper surface of the deep dug portion 30A that has been rolled and compacted, in a region where the concrete blocks 10 are arranged. Furthermore, preferably, a vertical retaining panel 36 is laid at the boundary between the deep trench 30A and the central stepped portion 30B so that the soil does not collapse. In this laying step, preferably, the mountain retaining panel 36 is arranged in a vertical posture at the boundary between the deep grooved portion 30A and the stepped central portion 30B, and then the flat panel 35 is laid adjacent to the outer side thereof. The mountain retaining panel 36 is held in a vertical position via fixtures 37, as shown in FIG. The fixture 37 shown in the figure is an L-shaped metal fitting 37a. The L-shaped fitting 37A supports the mountain retaining panel 36 along the vertical portion 37a, and the flat panel 35 is laid on the horizontal portion 37b to hold the mountain retaining panel 36 in a vertical posture. This fixing method can most easily hold the mountain retaining panel 36 in a vertical posture.

The mountain retaining panel 36 is laid over the entire circumference of the step central portion 30B in order to prevent the soil of the step central portion 30B from collapsing. Furthermore, a flat panel 35 is laid along the outer circumference of the mountain retaining panel 36 laid over the entire circumference of the central portion 30B of the step. However, if the site is large, it is possible to cut the soil at a slope that does not collapse the soil without arranging the retaining panel 36 . In the laying process shown in FIG. 3, the flat panel 35 is laid only in the region where the concrete blocks 10 are arranged, which is part of the deep trench 30A. However, the flat panel 35 laid in the deep trench 30A can also be laid over the entire perimeter of the construction area 30, that is, over the entire perimeter of the building, although not shown.

The flat panel 35 laid in the laying step is a panel material having at least one main surface as a flat surface 35A, and is laid so that the flat surface 35A faces upward as shown in FIG. As such a flat panel 35, for example, a panel material such as a cement board or a concrete panel having a predetermined thickness can be used. For the flat panel 35, a cement board mixed with reinforcing fibers such as glass fiber and carbon fiber is preferably used. External wall panels can preferably be used as such cement boards. The cost of the flat panel 35, which is the outer wall panel, can be reduced by using an unpainted panel. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 16, the flat panel 35 has a width (X1), a length (X2), and a thickness (X3) determined so as to have a size and strength that allow the concrete block 10 to be placed thereon. be. The flat panel 35 can have a width (X1) of 300 mm to 600 mm, a length (X2) of 600 mm to 1800 mm, and a thickness of 12 mm to 50 mm. The flat panel 35 has, for example, a width (X1) of 455 mm, a length (X2) of 1000 m, and a thickness (X3) of 16 mm.

The mountain retaining panel 36 is an elongated band-shaped panel material, and the panel material of the same material as the flat panel 35 can be used. As shown in FIG. 16, the mountain retaining panel 36 has a lateral width (Y1) determined to be equal to the height of the step center portion 30B. As shown in FIG. 3, the length (Y2) of the mountain retaining panel 36 is adjusted so that a plurality of panels can be laid over the entire circumference of the step central portion 30B.

In the step central portion 30B of the construction area 30, after the mountain retaining panel 36 and the flat panel 35 are laid by the laying process, earth and sand and crushed stone are added to the inside of the area surrounded by the mountain retaining panel 36, and a roller compactor is applied from above. It can be compacted by rolling with Furthermore, a flat plate panel 35 is laid in a region facing the concrete blocks 10 arranged inside the construction area 30 in the step center portion 30B of the construction area 30 . Since the construction area 30 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 has two concrete blocks 10 arranged therein, a flat panel 35 is laid at the position where each concrete block 10 is arranged.

[Marking process]
As shown in FIG. 3, on the upper surface of the flat panel 35 laid in the laying process, a building perimeter line 31 specifying the placement position of the concrete block 10 laid out in the laying process is indicated by marking. Furthermore, the construction area 30 is covered with a moisture-proof sheet 33 . The moisture-proof sheet 33 is preferably spread over the entire area of the central stepped portion 30B and part of the deep grooved portion 30A.

[Placement process]
A concrete block 10 is arranged on the marked outer peripheral line 31. - 特許庁In the construction method shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, corner blocks 10A are arranged at the four corners, linear blocks 10B are arranged on the side surfaces to make the rising wall portion 1 into a straight shape, and further inside A T-shaped block 10C having a T-shape in plan view is disposed in the portion forming the intermediate placement wall portion 25, and a passage opening 29 is provided in the inner placement intermediate wall portion 25. places a second T-shaped block 10D. In this step, the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 of each concrete block 10 is arranged as the positioning surface 9 along the marked outer peripheral line 31 . The concrete block 10 is installed while being accurately positioned with respect to the outer peripheral line 31 by arranging the concrete block 10 such that the lower edge of the outer side surface 1x, which is the positioning surface 9, coincides with the outer peripheral line 31, for example. In the corner block 10</b>A installed at the corner, the outer side surface 1 x of the perpendicular rising wall 1 is arranged along the corner of the outer peripheral line 31 . As a result, it is arranged while fixing the positions of the four corners. Furthermore, the linear block 10B, the T-shaped block 10C, and the second T-shaped block 10D arranged along the straight line portion of the outer peripheral line 31, that is, located on the side of the building, are arranged at the four corners. It is positioned between the blocks 10A. Further, the T-shaped block 10C having the intermediate wall portion 5 and the second T-shaped block 10D are arranged on the outer peripheral line 31 so that the position of the intermediate wall portion 5 is at a predetermined position.

Furthermore, the concrete block 10 is also placed inside the construction area 30 and at the step center portion 30B. Unlike the concrete blocks 10 placed in the deep trench portion 30A, the concrete blocks 10 placed in the step central portion 30B do not have an embedded portion on the bottom side. That is, the bottom surface of the bottom plate portion 2 is formed in a flat shape. As such a concrete block 10, in FIGS. 4 and 5, an open block 10E and a T-shaped block 10F are arranged. The opening block 10</b>E arranged inside the construction area 30 is a straight rising portion formed inside the construction area 30 and arranged at a position forming the access opening 29 . Also, the T-shaped block 10</b>F arranged inside the construction area 30 is arranged at a position that forms a rising portion orthogonal to the inside of the construction area 30 .

In this process, the concrete block 10 placed at a predetermined position is placed at an accurate position with respect to the outer peripheral line 31 with the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 as the positioning surface 9, and is is used, the standing wall portion 1 is arranged while confirming the posture thereof. The vertical device checks whether the upright wall 1 is placed in a vertical position. When using a level, check whether the top surface of the bottom plate 2 is in a horizontal position. Since the concrete block 10 is manufactured in a factory so that the rising wall portion 1 is in an accurate vertical posture with respect to the bottom plate portion 2, it is arranged so that the rising wall portion 1 is in an accurate vertical posture at the site. It can be determined whether or not the bottom plate portion 2 is horizontally arranged. The concrete block 10 shown in FIGS. 10 to 15 has a flat upper surface of the base plate 2, and the rising wall 1 is formed so as to take an accurate vertical posture with respect to the flat upper surface. Therefore, in the field, it can be confirmed whether or not the rising wall portion 1 is in a vertical posture by confirming the horizontal posture of the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 . For this reason, this concrete block 10 can be confirmed by placing a level on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 and confirming the horizontal posture in the vertical and horizontal directions. can be confirmed. Therefore, the vertical posture of the rising wall portion 1 can be confirmed very easily.

When checking the vertical posture of the rising wall portion 1, if there is an error due to the inclination of the posture of the concrete block 10, etc., it is located on the bottom surface of the concrete block 10 at a position where the deviation of the inclination can be corrected. The attitude of the concrete block 10 can be corrected by arranging the correcting member. A metal plate, for example, can be used for such a correction member. In particular, when the correcting member is a metal plate, the attitude of the concrete block 10 can be easily finely adjusted by adjusting the thickness and the number of metal plates. Moreover, the installation height of the plurality of concrete blocks 10 can be confirmed using a level sensor or the like.

Also, in this placement process, each concrete block 10 is placed at a predetermined position using a crane. The concrete block 10 is transported on a loading platform such as a truck. At the site, the crane is unloaded from the loading platform and lifted to a predetermined installation position by the crane. Although not shown, the concrete block 10 is hoisted via hoisting fittings for crane slings fixed at a plurality of locations.

[Reinforcing process]
As shown in FIG. 6 , reinforcing bars 23 for placing are arranged using connecting protrusions 3 x of the reinforcing bars 3 that protrude from the outer perimeter line 31 of the building and a plurality of concrete blocks 10 arranged inside the construction area 30 . . Between the concrete blocks 10 arranged adjacent to each other, when the connecting projections 3x projecting from the respective concrete blocks 10 are in a positional relationship in which they overlap each other, these connecting projections 3x are directly connected and connected. When the protruding portions 3x do not overlap each other, they are connected via the reinforcing bars 23 for placing. At this time, the reinforcing bars for placing 23 are connected at simple and accurate positions by using the connecting projecting portion 3x projecting from the concrete block 10 as a guide. Further, the reinforcing bar for placing 23 is crossed vertically and horizontally, or crossed vertically and horizontally with respect to the reinforcing bar for placing 23 connected in a state of being extended from the connecting projecting portion 3x projecting from the concrete block 10 and the reinforcing bar for placing 23 extending from the connecting projecting portion 3x. Place it in a state where The connecting projecting portion 3x and the reinforcing bar for placing 23 embedded in the placing bottom plate portion 22 which is molded continuously from the bottom plate portion 2 are connected in a posture that intersects vertically and horizontally at a predetermined interval (K) in the horizontal direction. . In addition, the connection projecting portion 3x, the erecting reinforcing bar 23T, and the placing reinforcing bar 23, which are embedded in the placing upper wall portion 21 which is formed continuously with the rising wall portion 1, are separated by a predetermined interval (K). are connected in a posture that intersects vertically and horizontally. Furthermore, the connecting projecting portion 3x and the reinforcing bar for placing 23 embedded in the embedded portion formed at the lower end portion of the upper wall portion 21 are arranged in two rows and two columns, and the lower part is It is connected so as to intersect the erecting reinforcing bar 23T bent in a U shape in a vertical posture. Furthermore, the connection protrusion 3x embedded in the placement intermediate wall portion 25 formed inside the foundation and the placement reinforcing bar 23 are connected in a state of intersecting vertically and horizontally at a predetermined interval (K). The connecting projecting portion 3x, the reinforcing bar 23 for placing, and the reinforcing bar 23T for erecting, which are arranged in the crossing posture as described above, are further strongly connected by binding the intersections with wire rods.

[Formwork installation process]
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 17, a formwork 24 is installed at the portion where the upper wall portion 21 and the intermediate wall portion 25 are to be constructed. These forms 24 are placed along the sides of the rising walls 1 of the concrete blocks 10 placed in the construction area 30 . First, the forms 24 are arranged along the side surfaces of the rising walls 1 of the plurality of concrete blocks 10 arranged along the outer peripheral line 31 . This formwork 24 is a formwork 24 for molding the erected upper wall portion 21 that is continuously molded to the erected wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10. As shown in FIGS. An outer peripheral formwork 24A arranged along the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 and an inner peripheral formwork 24B arranged along the inner surface of the rising wall portion 1 are provided.

As shown in FIG. 17, the outer peripheral formwork 24A has a smooth surface, which serves as a concrete molding surface, arranged along the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10, and a lower end surface that faces the upper surface of the flat plate panel 35. placed along the The perimeter formwork 24A shown in FIG. 7 is arranged over the entire perimeter of the foundation along the perimeter line 31 of the building. A plurality of perimeter formworks 24A shown in the figure are horizontally connected to cover the entire perimeter of the foundation. 24 A of outer periphery forms which mutually adjoin are connected via a connection tool (not shown). However, the outer peripheral formwork 24A can also be fixed only to the area interpolating between the adjacent concrete blocks 10 . Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 17, the outer peripheral formwork 24A arranged along the outer surface 1x of the rising wall portion 1 is arranged from the outside so as not to be displaced by the pressure of the concrete poured into the formwork. It is supported in a pressed state by the support member 41 . The support member 41 shown in the figure has one end abutted against the outer surface of the outer peripheral formwork 24A and the other end fixed to the ground 39 via a fixing member 42 such as a stake.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 17, the inner peripheral formwork 24B has a smooth surface to be a concrete molding surface arranged along the inner surface of the rising wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10, and a lower end surface of the bottom plate portion 2. is placed in place in contact with the upper surface of the The inner peripheral formwork 24B is arranged and fixed so as to bridge the bottom slabs 2 of the adjacent concrete blocks 10 . Therefore, the level of the lower end surface of the inner formwork 24B is the same level as the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 of the concrete block 10 . The inner peripheral formwork 24B arranged along the inner surface of the rising wall portion 1 is pressed by a fixing piece 43 fixed inside so as not to be displaced by the pressure of the concrete poured into the formwork. supported by The fixed piece 43 in the figure is a wooden block and is fixed to the bottom plate portion 2 of the concrete block 10 via a fixed nail 44 such as a concrete nail.

The upper ends of the outer peripheral formwork 24A and the inner peripheral formwork 24B, which are arranged facing each other on both sides of the rising wall part 1, are locked by the locking parts provided at both ends of the formwork fixtures 28. are held at predetermined intervals. In particular, the outer peripheral formwork 24A and the inner peripheral formwork 24B are arranged along both sides of the rising wall portion 1, so that they are arranged in a vertical posture along the rising wall portion 1 while being held at a predetermined interval. .

Formwork 24 is also arranged inside the construction area and at a portion where the placement intermediate wall portion 25 is to be molded. FIG. 17 shows a state where the formwork 24 is arranged along the side surface of the intermediate wall portion 5 of the T-shaped block 10C arranged on the outer peripheral line 31 in the left region of FIG. This formwork 24 is a formwork 24 for molding a placement intermediate wall portion 25 that is continuously molded to the intermediate wall portion 5 of the T-shaped block 10C. It has a pair of intermediate molds 24C that are arranged side by side. The pair of intermediate formwork 24C has a smooth surface, which serves as a concrete molding surface, arranged along the side surface of the intermediate wall portion 5 of the T-shaped block 10C, and has a lower end surface in contact with the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 of the concrete block 10. placed in place in contact with each other. The intermediate formwork 24C is also arranged and fixed so as to bridge the bottom slabs 2 of the adjacent concrete blocks 10 . The intermediate formwork 24C arranged along both side surfaces of the intermediate wall portion 5 has fixing pieces 43 fixed to the outside of the intermediate formwork 24C so as not to be displaced by the pressure of the concrete poured into the formwork. is supported in a pressed state by The fixed piece 43 in the figure is a wooden block and is fixed to the bottom plate portion 2 of the concrete block 10 via a fixed nail 44 such as a concrete nail.

A pair of intermediate molds 24C arranged facing both sides of the intermediate wall portion 5 have their upper ends locked by locking portions provided at both ends of the mold frame fixtures 28 at a predetermined interval. retained. In particular, the pair of intermediate forms 24C are arranged along both sides of the intermediate wall portion 5 so that they are arranged in a vertical posture along the intermediate wall portion 5 while being held at a predetermined interval.

Furthermore, in the inside of the construction area 30, when molding the placing intermediate wall part 25 and the placing upper part 21 in an area not positioned by the bottom plate part 2 and the rising wall part 1, a formwork support (not shown) The inner peripheral formwork 24B and the intermediate formwork 24B are arranged at fixed positions through the . The formwork supports adjust the level of the lower end surface of the formwork 24 by supporting the lower ends of the inner peripheral formwork 24B and the intermediate formwork 24C in the area where the concrete block does not have a bottom.

As described above, the erected upper wall portion 21 of the concrete block 10 can be formed in a state of being aligned with the side surface of the rising wall portion 1 of the concrete block 10, and the T-shaped blocks 10C, 10F and the second T-shaped block 10D can be formed. The intermediate wall portion 25 can be molded in a state where the sides of the intermediate wall portion 5 and the rising wall portions 1 of the opening-shaped block 10E and the T-shaped block 10F are aligned with each other. Therefore, it is possible to easily and quickly install a plurality of molds 24 in accurate postures without having to accurately measure the vertical posture of the molds as in the conventional art. In this manner, the sides of the rising wall portion 1 and the intermediate wall portion 5 of the concrete block 10 are used as the positioning surfaces 9, and the formwork 24 is arranged along this surface, thereby positioning the formwork 24 in an accurate posture. can be installed while In particular, the above-described concrete block 10 can be installed while also using the positioning surface 9 for positioning the rising wall portion 1 on the outer peripheral line 31 as the positioning surface 9 of the formwork 24 . Therefore, in this process, unlike the prior art, the vertical position of the formwork 24 is not measured accurately, and support members such as struts for supporting the plurality of formwork 24 in the vertical position are not used. , a plurality of molds 24 can be installed in an accurate posture easily and in a short time.

Furthermore, in the intermediate formwork 24C that forms the discontinuous placement intermediate wall portion 25 at a position facing the vertical surface 5A of the intermediate wall portion 5 of the second T-shaped block 10D inside the construction area 30, A dam plate 27 is arranged at a position where the vertical surface of the placed intermediate wall portion 25 is provided to prevent the intrusion of concrete.

[Concrete placing process]
As shown in FIG. 8 , concrete is placed inside the formwork 24 installed at a fixed position in the formwork installation step, and the cast bottom plate portion 22 that is continuous with the bottom plate portion 2 and the rising wall portion 1 are filled with concrete. A continuous cast upper wall portion 21 and a cast intermediate wall portion 25 continuous to the intermediate wall portion 5 are molded. In this step, first, concrete is cast in the area between the bottom plate portions 2 of the plurality of concrete blocks 10 placed in the construction area 30 to form the cast bottom plate portions 21 that are continuous with the bottom plate portions 2 .

In the step of filling concrete below the bottom plate portion 2, the concrete is allowed to flow smoothly while using the through holes 12 opened in the bottom plate portion 2 as air vents, and the through holes 12 are used as confirmation windows to fill the bottom plate portion 2 with concrete. Concrete is poured in while visually confirming the filling state of the concrete. 1 to 8, through holes are omitted.

Concrete to form the placed bottom plate portion 21 is filled up to a height equal to the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 of the placed concrete block 10, and the surface is flattened with a trowel. When leveling the surface of the concrete to be placed, the user can work while riding on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 of the placed concrete block 10, regardless of the degree of hardening of the placed concrete, and the concrete You can work efficiently without leaving marks on the surface of the

Furthermore, concrete is placed inside a pair of forms 24 installed to form the raised portion, and the placed upper wall portion 21 and the placed intermediate wall portion 25 are formed. That is, concrete is filled between the outer peripheral formwork 24A and the inner peripheral formwork 24B facing each other to form the erected upper wall part 21 continuous with the rising wall part 1, and between the pair of intermediate formwork 24C facing each other. is filled with concrete to form a placed intermediate wall portion 25 that is continuous with the intermediate wall portion 5 . Concrete filled inside the opposed formwork 24 is filled up to a predetermined height, and the surface is flattened with a trowel.

In the above embodiment, an example was shown in which the placed intermediate wall portion 25 was molded along the intermediate wall portion 5 of the T-shaped block 10C, but the placed intermediate wall portion 25 is shown in FIGS. And, as shown in the right front of FIG. 8, it is also possible to build in a state of being connected to the erected upper wall portion 21 without using the T-shaped block. In this case, in the bar arranging step, the reinforcing bars 23 to be placed embedded in the intermediate wall portion 25 are arranged so as to be continuous with the reinforcing bars 23 to be placed in the upper wall portion 21. In the formwork installation step, the inner peripheral formwork 24B for molding the inner surface of the upper wall portion 21 for placing and the intermediate formwork 24C for forming the intermediate wall portion 25 for placing are connected in an L shape in plan view. Thus, the casting upper wall portion 21 and the casting intermediate wall portion 25 are integrally molded in a T-shaped connected state.

[Demolding step]
After the poured concrete has sufficiently dried and hardened, the formwork 24 is removed. In this state, the slab foundation shown in FIG. 1 is constructed.

In the construction method described above, for example, the time and date required for the foundation work of about 20 tsubo would take about 2 weeks for two people with the conventional construction method, and about 5 days with the construction method that uses concrete blocks 10 after forming discarded concrete. On the other hand, the method of constructing by laying flat panels without forming dump concrete can be completed in four days.

By the way, in the construction of a building, especially a house, various restrictions may be imposed on the construction of the foundation, depending on the area of the residential land, location conditions, and the like. For example, when constructing a building on a site that extends to the back and has both sides and the back side blocked by obstacles such as buildings, the construction area of the foundation becomes a vertically long shape that extends to the back. Vehicles equipped with cranes, etc., cannot penetrate deep into the premises, nor can they be approached from the back or both sides of the premises. In this case, if dump concrete is formed in the entire construction area using the conventional construction method, the vehicle that transports the concrete blocks cannot enter the inside of the construction area. A long and large crane vehicle is required, and various restrictions are imposed depending on the site conditions, making it impossible to construct the foundation simply and easily, which raises the construction cost.

On the other hand, the construction method of the present invention does not require any waste concrete. Using a small crane, the concrete blocks can be placed while unloading from the vehicle in order from the back. The reason for this is that by laying flat panels without forming dump concrete, an area for placing concrete blocks can be secured. According to this construction method, a flat panel is laid in an area excluding the near side of the construction area, a vehicle equipped with a small crane is moved into the construction area, and concrete blocks are placed in the construction area using the vehicle's crane. can be efficiently placed on the upper surface of the flat panel in order from the innermost side of the panel. After that, after the vehicle is retreated to the outside of the construction area, a flat panel is laid in the area in front of the construction area, and the concrete block is placed on the upper surface of the flat panel in front of the construction area using a crane on the vehicle. By placing them, you can place concrete blocks all over the building area.

As described above, the construction method of the present invention is not a simple idea of laying flat panels instead of simply forming dump concrete, but rather various architectural problems and problems in the construction industry (for example, narrow It is also an effective method for solving problems such as building a foundation in a short period of time on a narrow site in a residential area. It is possible to realize the feature that the foundation can be constructed at low cost.

House makers and local builders nationwide are facing a shortage of foundation contractors even if they receive orders for housing. By factory-manufacturing most of the foundation parts, the amount of on-site work will be greatly reduced, reforming the working style of young workers and other workers, and resolving the chronic shortage of human resources.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Rising wall portion 1A Divided wall portion 1B Notch portion 1a Vertical surface 1x Outer surface 2 Base plate portion 3 Reinforcement bar 3x Connection projecting portion 4 Embedding portion 5 Intermediate wall portion 5A End surface 6 Concavo-convex shape 6A Fitting groove portion 7 Anchor bolt 8 Hold-down anchor bolt 9 Positioning surface 10 Concrete block 10A Corner block 10B Linear block 10C T-shaped block 10D Second T-shaped Block 10E: Open block 10F: T-shaped block 12: Through hole 20: Placed concrete portion 21: Placed upper wall portion 22: Placed bottom plate portion 23: Placed reinforcing bar 23T: Standing reinforcing bar 24: Formwork 24A Perimeter formwork 24B Inner circumference formwork 24C Intermediate formwork 25 Concreting intermediate wall portion 26A Fitting convex portion 27 Damping plate 28 Formwork fixture 29 Access opening 30 Construction Area 30A Deep trench portion 30B Step central portion 31 Peripheral line 33 Moisture-proof sheet 34 Crushed stone 35 Flat panel 35A Flat surface 36 Earth retaining panel 37 Fixing member 37A L-shaped metal fitting 37a Vertical portion 37b Horizontal Part 39 Ground 41 Supporting member 42 Fixing member 43 Fixing piece 44 Fixing nail 901 Elevated wall 902 Bottom plate 903 Reinforcing bar 903x Connecting protrusion 910 Concrete block 930 Construction area 931 Peripheral line 932...Discarded concrete

A method for constructing a slab foundation according to an aspect of the present invention includes a raised wall part formed of concrete in a vertical position, and a base plate integrally formed of concrete so as to extend horizontally below the raised wall part. and a plurality of reinforcing bars embedded in the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion, part of which protrudes horizontally from the end surface of a part of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion to form a connecting protrusion. a preparation step of preparing a concrete block comprising: a placement step of placing the concrete block in a position to support the superstructure of the building in a construction area for constructing the foundation of the building; and a plurality of connecting projections projecting from the concrete block A reinforcement arrangement process for arranging reinforcing bars for placing embedded in the concrete to be placed, a formwork installation process for installing a formwork along the rising wall of the concrete block, and a formwork installation process. It includes a concrete placing step of placing concrete inside to form a placed bottom plate portion continuing to the bottom plate portion and a placed top wall portion continuing to the rising wall portion. The slab foundation construction method further includes a laying step of laying a flat panel on the ground in an area where the concrete blocks are placed as a pre-process of the placing step, and , placing the concrete blocks in place in the placing process. Furthermore, as a pre-process of the laying process, a deep excavated part along the outer circumference line of the building is deeply excavated in the outer periphery of the foundation construction area, and a stepped central part formed higher than the deep excavated part inside the deep excavated part. In the laying process, a flat panel is laid in the deep trench. The concrete block placed in the deep trench has, at the lower end of the rising wall portion, an embedded portion that is formed to be thicker than the rising wall portion and protrudes from the bottom surface of the bottom plate portion. A flat panel is laid in the area facing the entire bottom surface of the embedded portion of the block.

A method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention includes a raised wall part formed of concrete in a vertical position, and an integrally molded concrete part below the raised wall part so as to extend horizontally. A plurality of reinforcing bars embedded in the bottom plate portion, the rising wall portion, and the bottom plate portion, and partially protruding from the end surfaces of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion in the horizontal direction to form connecting protrusions. a placement step of placing the concrete block in a position to support the superstructure of the building in a building area for constructing the foundation of the building; and a plurality of connecting projections projecting from the concrete block. is used to arrange reinforcing bars for placing embedded in the concrete to be placed, a formwork installation process to install a formwork along the rising wall of the concrete block, and a formwork and a concrete placing step of placing concrete inside the base plate to form a placed bottom plate portion continuing to the bottom plate portion and a placed top wall portion continuing to the rising wall portion. The slab foundation construction method further includes a laying step of laying a flat panel on the ground in an area where the concrete blocks are placed as a pre-process of the placing step, and , placing the concrete blocks in place in the placing process. Furthermore, as a pre-process of the laying process, a deep excavated part along the outer circumference line of the building is deeply excavated in the outer periphery of the foundation construction area, and a stepped central part formed higher than the deep excavated part inside the deep excavated part. In the laying process, a flat panel is laid in the deep trench. In the laying process, an earth retaining panel in a vertical posture is arranged at the boundary between the deep trench and the central portion of the step, and the earth retaining panel is held in the vertical posture via a fixture that is held in an upright posture by the flat panel.

A method for constructing a slab foundation according to another aspect of the present invention includes a raised wall part formed of concrete in a vertical position, and an integrally molded concrete part below the raised wall part so as to extend horizontally. A plurality of reinforcing bars embedded in the bottom plate portion, the rising wall portion, and the bottom plate portion, and partially protruding from the end surfaces of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion in the horizontal direction to form connecting protrusions. a placement step of placing the concrete block in a position to support the superstructure of the building in a building area for constructing the foundation of the building; and a plurality of connecting projections projecting from the concrete block. is used to arrange reinforcing bars for placing embedded in the concrete to be placed, a formwork installation process to install a formwork along the rising wall of the concrete block, and a formwork and a concrete placing step of placing concrete inside the base plate to form a placed bottom plate portion continuing to the bottom plate portion and a placed top wall portion continuing to the rising wall portion. The slab foundation construction method further includes a laying step of laying a flat panel on the ground in an area where the concrete blocks are placed as a pre-process of the placing step, and , placing the concrete blocks in place in the placing process. In the preparatory step, one end of the intermediate wall integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom plate as a concrete block in a standing posture is connected to the intermediate portion of the rising wall in a posture orthogonal to the intermediate wall and the rising wall. A second T-shaped block having a T-shaped plan view and a vertical surface formed of concrete at the other end of the intermediate wall is prepared, and in the arrangement step, the second T-shaped block A block is placed on the straight part of the outer circumference line of the building or inside the building, and on the extension line of the intermediate wall part of the second T-shaped block by the reinforcement arrangement process, the formwork installation process, and the concrete placing process, A cast intermediate wall portion that is discontinuous with the intermediate wall portion is molded, and an end surface of the cast intermediate wall portion is separated from the end surface of the intermediate wall portion to form a passage opening between the opposing end surfaces.

Claims (18)

A method for constructing a slab foundation constructed at the bottom of a building, comprising:
A rising wall part formed of concrete in a vertical position, a bottom board part integrally molded of concrete to extend horizontally below the rising wall part, and the rising wall part and the bottom board part A preparation step of preparing a concrete block including a plurality of embedded reinforcing bars partially protruding from end surfaces of the rising wall portion and the bottom plate portion in a horizontal direction to form a connecting projecting portion. When,
a placement step of placing the concrete blocks at a position supporting the superstructure of the building in a construction area for building the foundation of the building;
A reinforcing bar arranging step of arranging reinforcing bars for placing embedded in concrete to be placed using the plurality of connecting protrusions protruding from the concrete block;
a formwork installation step of installing a formwork along the rising wall portion of the concrete block;
a concrete placing step of placing concrete inside the formwork to form a placed bottom plate portion that is continuous with the bottom plate portion and a placed top wall portion that is continuous with the rising wall portion;
contains
The method of constructing the slab foundation further includes:
A laying step of laying a flat panel on the ground in an area where the concrete block is placed as a pre-process of the placing step,
A method of constructing a raft foundation in which the concrete block is placed in the placement step on the upper surface of the flat panel laid in the laying step and placed in a fixed position. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to claim 1,
The flat panel is a panel material having at least one main surface as a flat surface,
A method of constructing a raft foundation, wherein in the laying step, the flat panel is laid on the ground so that the flat surface faces upward. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
As a post-laying process and a pre-process of the arranging process,
A method of constructing a raft foundation, including a marking step of marking, on an upper surface of the flat panel laid in the laying step, an outer peripheral line of the building for specifying a mounting position of the concrete block placed in the placing step. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
As a pre-process of the laying process,
a deep excavated portion along the perimeter line of the building in the perimeter of the construction area of the foundation;
a stepped central portion formed inside the deep grooved portion to be higher than the deep grooved portion;
It includes a grounding process to provide
In the laying step,
A method for constructing a raft foundation in which the flat panel is laid in the deep trench. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to claim 4,
In the laying step,
A raft foundation construction method in which the flat panel is laid over the entire perimeter of a building. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to claim 4 or 5,
The concrete block placed in the deep trench has, at the lower end of the rising wall portion, an embedded portion that is formed to be thicker than the rising wall portion and protrudes from the lower surface of the bottom plate portion,
A method for constructing a raft foundation, wherein in the laying step, the flat panel is laid in a region of the concrete block facing the embedded portion. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 4 to 6,
In the laying step,
A method for constructing a raft foundation in which an earth retaining panel in a vertical posture is arranged at a boundary portion between the deep trench portion and the central portion of the step. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to claim 7,
In the laying step,
A method for constructing a mat foundation in which the earth retaining panel is held in a vertical position via a fixture held in an upright position by the flat panel. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 4 to 8,
In the laying step, laying the flat panel at the center of the step,
A method of constructing a raft foundation, wherein, in the arranging step, the concrete block is placed on the upper surface of the flat panel laid at the center of the step. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to claim 9,
The concrete block placed at the center of the step is an open block formed by cutting a central portion of the rising wall to provide a notch, and the method of constructing a raft foundation using the notch as an opening for passage. . A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
The concrete block is provided with a through hole penetrating through the bottom plate,
In the concrete placing step,
A method for constructing a raft foundation in which concrete is filled below the bottom plate using the through holes as air vents. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
The concrete block is provided with a through hole penetrating through the bottom plate,
In the concrete placing step,
A method of constructing a slab foundation for visually confirming the filling state of concrete filled below the bottom plate using the through-hole as a confirmation window. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
The concrete block is provided with a plurality of through holes penetrating through the bottom plate,
In the concrete placing step,
A method of constructing a slab foundation in which mortar is injected from one of the through-holes, and the mortar is filled below the bottom plate portion while checking the filling state of the mortar using the other through-holes as a confirmation window. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
In the preparation step,
As the concrete block, prepare a corner block molded in an L shape so that the rising wall portion is continuous with two sides perpendicular to each other in a plan view of the bottom plate portion,
In the arranging step,
A method for constructing a raft foundation in which the corner blocks are arranged at the corners of the perimeter line of the building. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
In the preparation step,
As the concrete block, one end of an intermediate wall portion integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion in a standing posture is connected to the intermediate portion of the rising wall portion in a posture orthogonal to the intermediate wall portion and the rising wall portion. is T-shaped in plan view, and part of the reinforcing bars embedded in the intermediate wall protrudes in the horizontal direction from the end surface of the other end of the intermediate wall to form a connecting protrusion. prepare the
In the arranging step,
Arranging the T-shaped block in a straight part of the perimeter line of the building or inside the construction area,
A method of constructing a raft foundation for forming a cast intermediate wall portion continuous to the intermediate wall portion of the T-shaped block by the reinforcing bar arrangement step, the form setting step, and the concrete placing step. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
In the preparation step,
As the concrete block, one end of an intermediate wall portion integrally molded on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion in a standing posture is connected to the intermediate portion of the rising wall portion in a posture orthogonal to the intermediate wall portion and the rising wall portion. preparing a second T-shaped block having a T-shaped plan view and a vertical surface formed of concrete at the other end of the intermediate wall,
In the arranging step,
Arranging the second T-shaped block in a straight part of the perimeter line of the building or inside the construction area;
By the reinforcement arrangement step, the formwork installation step, and the concrete placement step, an intermediate wall portion placed discontinuously with the intermediate wall portion is formed on an extension line of the intermediate wall portion of the second T-shaped block. and separating the end face of the placed intermediate wall portion from the end face of the intermediate wall portion to form a pass-through opening between the opposing end faces. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
A method of constructing a raft foundation, wherein the flat panel is a cement panel or concrete panel mixed with reinforcing fibers. A method for constructing a slab foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 17,
A method for constructing a raft foundation, wherein the flat panel is an outer wall panel of a building.

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