JP7013094B2 - Folded plate general purpose turbine - Google Patents

Folded plate general purpose turbine Download PDF

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JP7013094B2
JP7013094B2 JP2018136234A JP2018136234A JP7013094B2 JP 7013094 B2 JP7013094 B2 JP 7013094B2 JP 2018136234 A JP2018136234 A JP 2018136234A JP 2018136234 A JP2018136234 A JP 2018136234A JP 7013094 B2 JP7013094 B2 JP 7013094B2
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明男 日詰
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Description

本発明は水力タービン、蒸気タービン、風力タービン、ガスタービン、ファン、ポンプ、スクリュー、プロペラ等に使われる、強靭で高い回転効率を生む汎用タービンを簡単に製造する技術に関する。 The present invention relates to a technique for easily manufacturing a general-purpose turbine that produces toughness and high rotational efficiency, which is used for hydraulic turbines, steam turbines, wind turbines, gas turbines, fans, pumps, screws, propellers, and the like.

水力、風力、蒸気、ガスを問わず、従来のタービンは、強固な円筒シャフトを回転軸とし、その側面に、曲面をなす多数の羽根を溶接等で取り付けることによって作られている。古典的な例として、Ｋａｐｌａｎ型、Ｆｒａｎｃｉｓ型、Ｐｅｌｔｏｎ型、Ｔｕｒｇｏ型、Ｃｒｏｓｓｆｌｏｗ型、Ｍｕｌｔｉ－Ｊｅｔ型などが有名である（非特許文献１および図１を参照）。もっと遡れば、アルキメデス・ポンプや、オランダの風車、粉ひき水車などはタービンの最も原初的な形式である。船のスクリューや飛行機のプロペラも広義のタービンである。 Regardless of hydraulic power, wind power, steam, or gas, conventional turbines are made by using a strong cylindrical shaft as a rotating shaft and attaching a large number of curved blades to the side surface of the rotating shaft by welding or the like. As classical examples, Kaplan type, Francis type, Pelton type, Turgo type, Crossflow type, Multi-Jet type and the like are famous (see Non-Patent Document 1 and FIG. 1). Going back further, Archimedes pumps, Dutch windmills and milling turbines are the most primitive forms of turbines. Ship screws and airplane propellers are also turbines in a broad sense.

ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｓｐｉｒｏｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓ．ｃｏｍ／ｂｌｏｇ／ｃａｔ－ｖｉｅｗ－ｍｏｒｅ．ｐｈｐ？ｂｌｏｇｎａｍｅ＝ＷＨＡＴ－ＡＲＥ－ＴＹＰＥＳ－ＯＦ－ＴＵＲＢＩＮＥ－ＵＳＥＤ－ＩＮ－ＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＹ？＆ｉｄ＝１４１http: // www. spiroprojects. com / blog / cat-view-more. php? blogname = WHAT-ARE-TYPES-OF-TURBINE-USED-IN-INDUSTRY? & Id = 141

上記の先行技術によれば、回転軸と羽根の接合部は破損しやすく、複雑で高度な加工精度を要した。そこで、本発明は、一枚の平面材を折り曲げるだけで簡単に強靭かつ高い回転効率の汎用タービンを製造する方法を提供することを課題とする。 According to the above-mentioned prior art, the joint between the rotating shaft and the blade is easily damaged, which requires complicated and high processing accuracy. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for easily manufacturing a tough and high rotational efficiency general-purpose turbine by simply bending a single flat material.

以上の課題を解決するために、本発明は、一枚の平面材に切断線３と折線４Ａ、４Ｂを入れ、一定の面角ｕで折線４Ａを「谷折り」、折線４Ｂを「山折り」として交互に折り曲げてゆくことによって汎用タービンの機能を持たせることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, the cutting line 3 and the folding lines 4A and 4B are inserted in one flat material, the folding line 4A is "valley-folded" and the folding line 4B is "mountain-folded" at a constant helix angle u. It is characterized by having the function of a general-purpose turbine by bending it alternately.

本発明によって、素材の強度を最大限発揮するタービンが得られる。また複雑な曲面を必要としないので加工はきわめて簡単であり、しかも高い回転効率が得られる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a turbine that maximizes the strength of the material can be obtained. In addition, since it does not require a complicated curved surface, it is extremely easy to process and high rotational efficiency can be obtained.

非特許文献１による、従来知られているタービンの分類である。This is a conventionally known classification of turbines according to Non-Patent Document 1. 本発明の実施形態に係る、羽根の長さｈを０、平面材の厚さｔを０とした場合のタービンを構成する一単位の、回転軸方向から見た平面図と、その側面図である。In the plan view and the side view of one unit constituting the turbine when the length h of the blade is 0 and the thickness t of the flat material is 0 according to the embodiment of the present invention, as seen from the direction of the axis of rotation. be. 同上の連続する２単位の展開図である。It is a development view of two consecutive units as above. 偏角ｗを１３７．５度、羽根の角度ｖを２０度、羽根の幅ｃを２０、羽根の長さｈを０、平面材の厚さｔを０．５、羽根の枚数ｎを２とした実施例の斜視図ある。The declination w is 137.5 degrees, the blade angle v is 20 degrees, the blade width c is 20, the blade length h is 0, the flat material thickness t is 0.5, and the number of blades n is 2. It is a perspective view of the said embodiment. 偏角ｗを１３７．５度、羽根の角度ｖを２０度、羽根の幅ｃを２０、羽根の長さｈを０、平面材の厚さｔを０．５、羽根の枚数ｎを３０とした実施例の展開図である。The declination w is 137.5 degrees, the blade angle v is 20 degrees, the blade width c is 20, the blade length h is 0 , the flat material thickness t is 0.5, and the number of blades n is 30. It is a development view of the said Example. 同上の回転軸方向から見た平面図である。It is a plan view seen from the same rotation axis direction. 同上の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the same as above. 偏角ｗを１３７．５度、羽根の角度ｖを２０度、羽根の幅ｃを２０、羽根の長さｈを２０、平面材の厚さｔを０．５、羽根の枚数ｎを８とした実施例の展開図である。The declination w is 137.5 degrees, the blade angle v is 20 degrees, the blade width c is 20, the blade length h is 20, the flat material thickness t is 0.5, and the number of blades n is 8. It is a development view of the said Example. 同上の回転軸方向から見た平面図である。It is a plan view seen from the same rotation axis direction. 同上の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the same as above. 偏角ｗを１３７．５度、羽根の角度ｖを２０度、羽根の幅ｃを２０、羽根の長さｈを２０、平面材の厚さｔを０．５、羽根の枚数ｎを５０とした実施例の回転軸方向から見た平面図である。The declination w is 137.5 degrees, the blade angle v is 20 degrees, the blade width c is 20, the blade length h is 20, the flat material thickness t is 0.5, and the number of blades n is 50. It is a top view seen from the rotation axis direction of the said Example. 同上の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the same as above.

以下に本発明を図面に示す実施の形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。タービンの形とサイズを決めるパラメーターとしては、一定の羽根の幅ｃ、隣り合う羽根同士がつくる一定の偏角（以下「偏角」と呼ぶ。）ｗ、回転軸を法線とする平面と羽根平面がなす一定の角度（以下「羽根の傾き」と呼ぶ。）ｖの３つが本質的である。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. The parameters that determine the shape and size of the turbine are a constant blade width c, a constant declination created by adjacent blades (hereinafter referred to as "argument") w, a plane and blades whose normal axis is the axis of rotation. Three of the constant angles (hereinafter referred to as "blade tilt") v formed by the plane are essential.

副次的パラメーターとして、平面材の厚さｔ、羽根の長さｈ、羽根の枚数ｎが加わって全体の形状が決定される。 As secondary parameters, the thickness t of the flat surface material, the length h of the blades, and the number of blades n are added to determine the overall shape.

羽根の幅ｃ、偏角ｗ、羽根の傾きｖが与えられ、平面材の厚さｔを０とし、羽根の長さｈを０とした場合、一枚の羽根は二等辺三角形となり、回転軸方向から見た平面図と、その側面図は図２で表される。 When the width c of the blade, the deviation angle w, and the inclination v of the blade are given, and the thickness t of the flat surface member is 0 and the length h of the blade is 0, one blade becomes an isosceles triangle and the axis of rotation. The plan view seen from the direction and the side view thereof are shown in FIG.

そのとき、隣り合う二枚の羽根の展開図は図３のように示され、斜辺＝ａ、底辺＝ｃ、高さ＝（ｓ＋ｒ）の二等辺三角形が二枚接続された形となる。回転軸の位置２から二等辺三角形頂点までの距離ｒ、回転軸の位置２から二等辺三角形底辺中点までの距離ｓ、二等辺三角形斜辺の長さａの値は以下の式によって決まる。
ｒ＝ｃ＊ｃｏｓ ｖ／（２＊ｓｉｎ ｗ）
ｓ＝－ｒ＊ｃｏｓ ｗ
ａ＝√（（ｃ／２） ２＋（ｓ＋ｒ）２）At that time, the developed view of the two adjacent blades is shown as shown in FIG. 3, and the shape is such that two isosceles triangles having a hypotenuse = a, a base = c, and a height = (s + r) are connected. The values of the distance r from the position 2 of the rotation axis to the apex of the isosceles triangle, the distance s from the position 2 of the rotation axis to the midpoint of the base of the isosceles triangle, and the length a of the hypotenuse of the isosceles triangle are determined by the following equations.
r = c * cos v / (2 * sin w)
s = -r * cos w
a = √ (( c / 2) 2 + (s + r) 2 )

図３を展開図とし、厚さｔの平面材を折線４Ａで谷折りした実施例の斜視図が図４である。二枚の羽根が作る面角ｕは偏角ｗと羽根の傾きｖで決まり、以下の式で表される。
ｔａｎ（ｕ／２）＝ｔａｎ ｖ＊ｓｉｎ ｗ／（２＊ｃｏｓ（ｗ／２））FIG. 3 is a developed view, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment in which a flat material having a thickness t is valley-folded along a folding line 4A. The surface angle u formed by the two blades is determined by the declination w and the inclination v of the blades, and is expressed by the following equation.
tan (u / 2) = tan v * sin w / (2 * cos (w / 2))

本発明は羽根の枚数ｎを任意に設定できる。一例として３０枚の羽根からなる実施例の展開図は図５のように示され、図７のように折線４Ａを面角ｕで谷折りし、折線４Ｂを面角ｕで山折りすることを交互に繰り返して、実施例は完成する。回転軸方向から見た平面図は図６のようになり、半径＝ｒの円をほぼ万遍なく埋め尽くす。 In the present invention, the number n of blades can be set arbitrarily. As an example, a developed view of an embodiment consisting of 30 blades is shown as shown in FIG. 5, and as shown in FIG. 7, the folding line 4A is valley-folded at the face angle u, and the folding line 4B is mountain-folded at the face angle u. By repeating alternately, the embodiment is completed. The plan view seen from the direction of the axis of rotation is as shown in FIG. 6, and the circle with radius = r is almost evenly filled.

本発明には対掌性（カイラリティー）があり、折線４Ａを山折りとし、折線４Ｂを谷折りとした、上記実施例と鏡像関係をなすタービン実施例が存在する。すなわち、一方向からの流体に対し、互いに逆回転する二種類のタービン実施例が、同一の展開図から製造できる。 The present invention has chirality, and there is a turbine embodiment having a mirror image relationship with the above embodiment, in which the fold line 4A is a mountain fold and the fold line 4B is a valley fold. That is, two types of turbine embodiments that rotate in opposite directions with respect to a fluid from one direction can be manufactured from the same development view.

上記の実施例は羽根の長さｈを０とした場合であり、二等辺三角形の羽根で構成されたタービンであった。回転効率をより高めるならば、羽根の長さを０以上に設定するとよい。図８は羽根の長さを羽根の幅と等しく２０とし、８枚の５角形の羽根で構成された場合の実施例の展開図である。厚さ０．５の平面材を切断線３で切断し、図１０のように折線４Ａを面角ｕで谷折りし、折線４Ｂを面角ｕで山折りすることを交互に繰り返して、実施例は完成する。回転軸方向から見た平面図は図９のようになり、半径＝（ｓ＋ｈ）の円をほぼ万遍なく埋め尽くす。この実施例の場合も、折線４Ａを山折りとし、折線４Ｂを谷折りとした鏡像のタービン実施例が存在する。 The above embodiment is the case where the blade length h is 0, and the turbine is composed of isosceles triangle blades. If the rotation efficiency is to be improved, the blade length may be set to 0 or more. FIG. 8 is a developed view of an embodiment in which the length of the blade is set to 20 which is equal to the width of the blade and the blade is composed of eight pentagonal blades. A flat material having a thickness of 0.5 is cut along the cutting line 3, the folded line 4A is valley-folded at the hehedral angle u, and the folded line 4B is mountain-folded at the hehedral angle u, as shown in FIG. The example is complete. The plan view seen from the direction of the axis of rotation is as shown in FIG. 9, and fills the circle with radius = (s + h) almost evenly. Also in the case of this embodiment, there is a turbine embodiment in which the folding line 4A is a mountain fold and the folding line 4B is a valley fold.

本発明は羽根の枚数ｎに制限はない。図１２は羽根の枚数ｎを５０枚に設定した実施例の斜視図である。回転軸方向から見た平面図は図１１のようになり、半径＝（ｓ＋ｈ）の円をほぼ万遍なく埋め尽くす。 In the present invention, the number of blades n is not limited. FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an embodiment in which the number n of blades is set to 50. The plan view seen from the direction of the axis of rotation is as shown in FIG. 11, and fills the circle with radius = (s + h) almost evenly.

偏角ｗ以外のパラメーターを固定し、様々な偏角ｗの本発明実施例を比較した場合、特に偏角ｗが２π（３－√５）／２ラジアン≒１３７．５度、いわゆる「黄金角」をなす場合が最も回転効率が高くなる。しかし本発明は任意の偏角ｗに対応するものである。場合によっては、黄金角以外の角度を使うことによって、回転効率をあえて低く抑える必要も起こりうる。 When parameters other than the declination w are fixed and the examples of the present invention having various declinations w are compared, the declination w is 2π (3-√5) / 2 radians ≈ 137.5 degrees, so-called “golden angle”. The rotation efficiency is the highest when "" is formed. However, the present invention corresponds to an arbitrary declination w. In some cases, it may be necessary to keep the rotational efficiency low by using an angle other than the golden angle.

本発明は水力タービン、蒸気タービン、風力タービン、ガスタービン、送風ファン、ポンプ、スクリュー、プロペラなど、汎用的なタービンに利用できる。 The present invention can be applied to general-purpose turbines such as hydraulic turbines, steam turbines, wind turbines, gas turbines, blower fans, pumps, screws, and propellers.

ａ 展開図における折線４Ａ、４Ｂの長さ
ｂ 羽根の傾きｖのときの羽根の幅ｃの水平距離
ｃ 羽根の幅
ｄ 隣り合う羽根同士のピッチ間隔
ｈ 羽根の長さ
ｗ 隣り合う羽根同士のなす偏角
ｖ 羽根の傾き角度
ｕ 隣り合う羽根同士のなす面角
ｓ ｈ＝０としたときの二等辺三角形の羽根において、回転軸の位置２から底辺中点までの距離
ｒ ｈ＝０としたときの二等辺三角形の羽根において、回転軸の位置２から頂点までの距離
ｎ 羽根の枚数
ｔ 平面材の厚さ
１ 羽根部分
２ 展開図における回転軸の位置
３ 切断線
４Ａ 折線
４Ｂ ４Ａが谷折りならば山折り折線。４Ａが山折りならば谷折り折線。
５ 回転軸a Length of folded lines 4A and 4B in the developed view b Horizontal distance of the width c of the blade when the inclination v of the blade c Width of the blade d Pitch spacing between adjacent blades h Length of the blade w Deviation angle v Tilt angle of the blade u When the plane angle between adjacent blades s h = 0, the distance from the position 2 of the axis of rotation to the midpoint of the base of the equilateral triangular blade is r h = 0. Distance from the position 2 of the rotation axis to the apex of the isosceles triangle blade n Number of blades t Thickness of flat material 1 Blade part 2 Position of the rotation axis in the developed view 3 Cutting line 4A Fold line 4B 4A Baba mountain fold line. If 4A is a mountain fold, it is a valley fold line.
5 rotating shaft

Claims (1)

隣り合う羽根同士がなす偏角（ｗ）を黄金角１３７．５度とし、羽根の傾き（ｖ）、羽根の幅（ｃ）、羽根の長さ（ｈ）によって決定された切断線（３）と折線（４Ａ、４Ｂ）と回転軸の位置（２）で構成される展開図に基づき、厚さ（ｔ）の平面材を、突出した羽根を構成する切断線（３）で切断し、一方の折線（４Ａ）を谷折り、もう一方の折線（４Ｂ）を山折りとして、一定の面角（ｕ）で交互に折り曲げることによって、突出した羽根が万遍なく配置するように形成された汎用タービンを製造する方法。The deviation angle (w) formed by the adjacent blades is a golden angle of 137.5 degrees, and the cutting line (3) determined by the inclination (v) of the blades, the width (c) of the blades, and the length (h) of the blades. Based on the development drawing composed of the polygonal line (4A, 4B) and the position (2) of the rotating shaft, the flat material having the thickness (t) is cut by the cutting line (3) constituting the protruding blade, while the flat material is cut. A general-purpose fold line (4A) is folded in a valley and the other fold line (4B) is folded in a mountain shape. How to make a turbine.
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JP3148914U (en) 2008-12-19 2009-03-05 株式会社日本計器製作所 Fan motor with unequal pitch blades
JP2010261432A (en) 2009-04-28 2010-11-18 Hiroo Ichikawa Rotor

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