JP7010303B2 - Purification device and purification electrode - Google Patents

Purification device and purification electrode Download PDF

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JP7010303B2
JP7010303B2 JP2019557213A JP2019557213A JP7010303B2 JP 7010303 B2 JP7010303 B2 JP 7010303B2 JP 2019557213 A JP2019557213 A JP 2019557213A JP 2019557213 A JP2019557213 A JP 2019557213A JP 7010303 B2 JP7010303 B2 JP 7010303B2
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conductor
purification structure
water
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JPWO2019107303A1 (en
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雄也 鈴木
直毅 吉川
周次 中西
恒太 木村
俊一 三島
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Panasonic Corp
Osaka University NUC
Metawater Co Ltd
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Osaka University NUC
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Description

本発明は、浄化装置及び浄化電極に関する。 The present invention relates to a purification device and a purification electrode.

従来、廃水中に含まれる有機物等を除去するために、種々の水処理方法が提供されている。具体的には、微生物の好気呼吸を利用する活性汚泥法や、微生物の嫌気呼吸を利用する嫌気性処理法などの水処理方法が提供されている。 Conventionally, various water treatment methods have been provided for removing organic substances and the like contained in wastewater. Specifically, a water treatment method such as an activated sludge method utilizing aerobic respiration of microorganisms and an anaerobic treatment method utilizing anaerobic respiration of microorganisms is provided.

活性汚泥法では、微生物を含んだ泥（活性汚泥）と廃水とを生物反応槽で混合し、微生物が廃水中の有機物を酸化分解するために必要な空気を生物反応槽に送り込んで攪拌することで、廃水を浄化している。しかし、活性汚泥法は、生物反応槽のエアレーションに莫大な電力を要する。また、微生物が酸素呼吸をして活発に代謝を行う結果、産業廃棄物である大量の汚泥（微生物の死骸）が発生してしまう。 In the activated sludge method, mud containing microorganisms (activated sludge) and wastewater are mixed in a biological reaction tank, and the air required for the microorganisms to oxidatively decompose organic substances in the wastewater is sent to the biological reaction tank and stirred. So, we are purifying the wastewater. However, the activated sludge method requires enormous power for aeration of the biological reaction tank. In addition, as a result of microorganisms breathing oxygen and actively metabolizing, a large amount of sludge (dead microorganisms), which is an industrial waste, is generated.

これに対し、嫌気性処理法ではエアレーションが不要となることから、活性汚泥法に比べて必要電力量を大幅に低減することができる。また、微生物が獲得する自由エネルギーが小さいので、汚泥発生量が減少する。このような嫌気性処理法を利用した廃水処理装置としては、特許文献１に記載の微生物燃料電池が開示されている。この微生物燃料電池は、有機性基質に浸漬して嫌気性微生物を担持させる負極と、少なくとも一部分がイオン透過性隔膜で形成された外殻と入出孔とを有する密閉型中空カセットと、を備えている。さらに当該微生物燃料電池は、中空カセット内に電解液と共に封入し、又は、当該カセットの隔膜の内側に結合して有機性基質中に差し込む正極を備えている。そして、入出孔経由でカセット内に酸素を供給し、さらに負極及び正極を電気的に接続する回路経由で電気を取り出すことも開示されている。このような微生物燃料電池は、他の嫌気性処理法と比べて、廃水処理に要する日数を短縮することが可能であり、効率的に有機物を除去することができる技術である。 On the other hand, since the anaerobic treatment method does not require aeration, the amount of electric power required can be significantly reduced as compared with the activated sludge method. In addition, since the free energy acquired by microorganisms is small, the amount of sludge generated is reduced. As a wastewater treatment apparatus using such an anaerobic treatment method, the microbial fuel cell described in Patent Document 1 is disclosed. This microbial fuel cell comprises a negative electrode immersed in an organic substrate to carry anaerobic microorganisms, and a closed hollow cassette having an outer shell and entrance / exit holes, at least partially formed of an ion-permeable diaphragm. There is. Further, the microbial fuel cell is provided with a positive electrode which is enclosed in a hollow cassette together with an electrolytic solution or is bonded to the inside of the diaphragm of the cassette and inserted into an organic substrate. It is also disclosed that oxygen is supplied into the cassette via the inlet / outlet hole, and electricity is taken out via a circuit that electrically connects the negative electrode and the positive electrode. Such a microbial fuel cell is a technique capable of shortening the number of days required for wastewater treatment and efficiently removing organic substances as compared with other anaerobic treatment methods.

特許第５１６４５１１号公報Japanese Patent No. 5164511

しかしながら、特許文献１のような微生物燃料電池を用いた廃水処理装置は、電極の構造が複雑であり、製造コストや維持管理コストが高くなることから、簡易的な処理装置が求められている。 However, a wastewater treatment device using a microbial fuel cell as in Patent Document 1 has a complicated electrode structure, which increases manufacturing cost and maintenance cost. Therefore, a simple treatment device is required.

本発明は、このような従来技術の有する課題に鑑みてなされたものである。そして、本発明の目的は、構造が簡易であり、かつ、廃水を効率的に浄化することが可能な浄化装置、及び当該浄化装置を用いられる浄化電極を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art. An object of the present invention is to provide a purification device having a simple structure and capable of efficiently purifying wastewater, and a purification electrode using the purification device.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明の第一の態様に係る浄化装置は、導電体を有し、酸素還元反応を生じさせる浄化構造体と、当該浄化構造体と浄化構造体により浄化される被処理水とを内部に保持するための処理槽と、を備える。浄化構造体の一部が気相と接触し、かつ、浄化構造体の他部が被処理水と接触する。そして、浄化構造体は、鉛直方向の長さが鉛直方向に垂直な幅方向の長さよりも長くなるように、処理槽の内部に設置される。 In order to solve the above problems, the purification device according to the first aspect of the present invention is purified by a purification structure having a conductor and causing an oxygen reduction reaction, and the purification structure and the purification structure. It is provided with a treatment tank for holding the water to be treated inside. A part of the purification structure comes into contact with the gas phase, and another part of the purification structure comes into contact with the water to be treated. Then, the purification structure is installed inside the treatment tank so that the length in the vertical direction is longer than the length in the width direction perpendicular to the vertical direction.

本発明の第二の態様に係る浄化電極は、上述の浄化装置に用いられる浄化電極であって、導電体と、導電体に担持される酸素還元触媒と、バインダーのみからなる。 The purification electrode according to the second aspect of the present invention is a purification electrode used in the above-mentioned purification device, and includes only a conductor, an oxygen reduction catalyst supported on the conductor, and a binder.

本発明の第三の態様に係る浄化電極は、導電体を有し、酸素還元反応を生じさせる浄化構造体を備え、浄化構造体の一部が気相と接触し、かつ、浄化構造体の他部が被処理水と接触し、前記浄化構造体は、鉛直方向の長さが前記鉛直方向に垂直な幅方向の長さよりも長くなるように設置される浄化装置に用いられる浄化電極である。当該浄化電極は、導電体と、導電体に担持される酸素還元触媒と、バインダーのみからなる。 The purification electrode according to the third aspect of the present invention has a conductor, includes a purification structure that causes an oxygen reduction reaction, a part of the purification structure is in contact with the gas phase, and the purification structure is formed. The purification electrode is a purification electrode used in a purification device installed so that the other part comes into contact with the water to be treated and the length in the vertical direction is longer than the length in the width direction perpendicular to the vertical direction. .. The purification electrode comprises only a conductor, an oxygen reduction catalyst supported on the conductor, and a binder.

図１は、本実施形態に係る浄化装置の一例を示す斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a purification device according to the present embodiment. 図２は、図１中のＡ－Ａ線に沿った断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 図３は、図１中のＢ－Ｂ線に沿った断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 図４は、浄化構造体により被処理水を浄化するメカニズムを説明するための断面図である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a mechanism for purifying water to be treated by a purification structure. 図５は、浄化構造体により被処理水を浄化するメカニズムを説明するための断面図である。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a mechanism for purifying water to be treated by a purification structure. 図６は、実施例１－１及び１－２並びに実施例２－１及び２－２の浄化構造体を用いた場合における、有機性廃水中の全有機体炭素濃度の平均値を示すグラフである。FIG. 6 is a graph showing the average value of the total organic carbon concentration in the organic wastewater when the purified structures of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and Examples 2-1 and 2-2 are used. be. 図７は、実施例１－１及び１－２並びに実施例２－１及び２－２の浄化構造体に付着した微生物において、全真菌に対するGeobacter菌の比率（Ratio of Geobacter）を測定した結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 7 shows the results of measuring the ratio of Geobacter to all fungi in the microorganisms attached to the purified structures of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and Examples 2-1 and 2-2. It is a graph which shows.

以下、本実施形態に係る浄化装置及び浄化電極について詳細に説明する。なお、図面の寸法比率は説明の都合上誇張されており、実際の比率とは異なる場合がある。 Hereinafter, the purification device and the purification electrode according to the present embodiment will be described in detail. The dimensional ratios in the drawings are exaggerated for convenience of explanation and may differ from the actual ratios.

［浄化装置］
本実施形態に係る浄化装置１００は、図１乃至図３に示すように、酸素還元反応を生じさせる浄化構造体１０と、浄化構造体１０及び浄化構造体１０により浄化される被処理水３０を内部に保持するための処理槽２０と、を備えている。そして、浄化構造体１０は、上部１０ａが気相４０と接触し、下部１０ｂが被処理水３０と接触するように、処理槽２０の内部に設置されている。[Purification device]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the purification device 100 according to the present embodiment contains a purification structure 10 that causes an oxygen reduction reaction, and the purification structure 10 and the water to be treated 30 that is purified by the purification structure 10. It is provided with a processing tank 20 for holding the inside. The purification structure 10 is installed inside the treatment tank 20 so that the upper portion 10a is in contact with the gas phase 40 and the lower portion 10b is in contact with the water to be treated 30.

（浄化構造体）
本実施形態において、浄化構造体１０は導電体１を備えている。図１乃至図３に示すように、導電体１は、導電性材料により構成され、さらに略直方体状で扁平の板部材からなる。(Purification structure)
In the present embodiment, the purification structure 10 includes a conductor 1. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the conductor 1 is made of a conductive material, and is further composed of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped and flat plate member.

浄化構造体１０は、気相４０中の酸素を還元する酸素還元反応が生じる部位と、被処理水３０中の有機物を酸化して水素イオンと電子を生成する有機物酸化反応が生じる部位とを有している。具体的には、浄化構造体１０において、酸素還元反応が生じる部位は、気相４０と接触している上部１０ａであり、有機物酸化反応が生じる部位は、被処理水３０と接触している下部１０ｂである。 The purification structure 10 has a site where an oxygen reduction reaction that reduces oxygen in the gas phase 40 occurs and a site where an organic substance oxidation reaction that oxidizes an organic substance in the water to be treated 30 produces hydrogen ions and electrons occurs. is doing. Specifically, in the purification structure 10, the portion where the oxygen reduction reaction occurs is the upper portion 10a in contact with the gas phase 40, and the portion where the organic substance oxidation reaction occurs is the lower portion in contact with the water to be treated 30. It is 10b.

浄化構造体１０を構成する導電体１は、酸素還元反応が生じる上部１０ａと有機物酸化反応が生じる下部１０ｂとの間に、水素イオン（Ｈ＋）が移動するための内部空間を有することが好ましい。導電体１の内部に連続した空間が存在していることにより、後述するように、下部１０ｂで生成した水素イオンが内部空間を通じて上部１０ａへ移動することが可能となる。The conductor 1 constituting the purification structure 10 preferably has an internal space for hydrogen ions (H + ) to move between the upper portion 10a where the oxygen reduction reaction occurs and the lower portion 10b where the organic substance oxidation reaction occurs. .. The existence of a continuous space inside the conductor 1 makes it possible for the hydrogen ions generated in the lower portion 10b to move to the upper portion 10a through the inner space, as will be described later.

導電体１の構成は、水素イオンが移動するための内部空間を有し、さらに下部１０ｂから上部１０ａに向かって電気的に接続されていれば特に限定されない。また、導電体１は、下部１０ｂから上部１０ａに向かって連続して延びていてもよい。あるいは、導電体１は、電気的に接続された複数の導電部分から構成されていてもよい。さらに、導電体１を構成する材料の一部は、下部１０ｂから上部１０ａに向かって連続して伸びていてもよく、内部空間を横切るように伸びていてもよい。つまり、導電体１を構成する材料の一部は、導電体１の長手方向（図１乃至３では鉛直方向Ｙ）に連続して伸びていてもよく、当該長手方向に垂直な方向（図１乃至３ではＸ方向及び／又はＺ方向）に延びていてもよい。 The configuration of the conductor 1 is not particularly limited as long as it has an internal space for hydrogen ions to move and is electrically connected from the lower portion 10b to the upper portion 10a. Further, the conductor 1 may extend continuously from the lower portion 10b toward the upper portion 10a. Alternatively, the conductor 1 may be composed of a plurality of electrically connected conductive portions. Further, a part of the material constituting the conductor 1 may extend continuously from the lower portion 10b toward the upper portion 10a, or may extend so as to cross the internal space. That is, a part of the material constituting the conductor 1 may continuously extend in the longitudinal direction of the conductor 1 (vertical direction Y in FIGS. 1 to 3), and may extend in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (FIG. 1). In 3 to 3, it may extend in the X direction and / or the Z direction).

導電体１の材料は、導電性を確保できるならば特に限定されないが、例えば導電性金属、炭素材料及び導電性ポリマー材料からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を用いることができる。導電性金属としては、例えば、アルミニウム、銅、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル及びチタンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を用いることができる。炭素材料としては、例えば、カーボンペーパー、カーボンフェルト、カーボンクロス及びグラファイトホイルからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を用いることができる。導電性ポリマー材料としては、ポリアセチレン、ポリチオフェン、ポリアニリン、ポリ（ｐ－フェニレンビニレン）、ポリピロール及びポリ（ｐ－フェニレンスルフィド）からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を用いることができる。 The material of the conductor 1 is not particularly limited as long as the conductivity can be ensured, and for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of a conductive metal, a carbon material, and a conductive polymer material can be used. As the conductive metal, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, stainless steel, nickel and titanium can be used. As the carbon material, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon paper, carbon felt, carbon cloth and graphite foil can be used. As the conductive polymer material, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polythiophene, polyaniline, poly (p-phenylene vinylene), polypyrrole and poly (p-phenylene sulfide) can be used.

上述のように、導電体１は、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂとの間に水素イオンが移動するための内部空間を有することが好ましいことから、下部１０ｂから上部１０ａに向かって連続した空間を有することが好ましい。このような内部空間を確保するために、導電体１は、多孔質の導電性シートを備えることが好ましい。また、導電体１は、多孔質の導電性シートからなることがより好ましい。このような多孔質の導電性シートは、内部に多数の細孔を有しているため、水素イオンが容易に移動することが可能となる。 As described above, the conductor 1 preferably has an internal space for hydrogen ions to move between the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b, and therefore has a continuous space from the lower portion 10b toward the upper portion 10a. Is preferable. In order to secure such an internal space, it is preferable that the conductor 1 is provided with a porous conductive sheet. Further, it is more preferable that the conductor 1 is made of a porous conductive sheet. Since such a porous conductive sheet has a large number of pores inside, hydrogen ions can easily move.

導電体１は、織布状の導電性シート及び不織布状の導電性シートの少なくとも一方を備えることが好ましい。織布状の導電性シート及び不織布状の導電性シートは、多数の細孔を有しているため、水素イオンの移動を容易にすることができる。また、導電体１は、下部１０ｂから上部１０ａにかけて、複数の貫通孔を有する金属板であってもよい。 The conductor 1 preferably includes at least one of a woven fabric-like conductive sheet and a non-woven fabric-like conductive sheet. Since the woven fabric-like conductive sheet and the non-woven fabric-like conductive sheet have a large number of pores, the movement of hydrogen ions can be facilitated. Further, the conductor 1 may be a metal plate having a plurality of through holes from the lower portion 10b to the upper portion 10a.

導電体１は、不織布状の導電性シートを備えることがより好ましく、不織布状の導電性シートからなることが特に好ましい。不織布はその厚みや空隙率を変更しやすいため、後述するように、導電体１の下部１０ｂに嫌気性微生物を付着し、上部１０ａに酸素還元触媒又は好気性微生物を担持した構成を容易に得ることが可能となる。なお、導電体１における空間の細孔径は、下部１０ｂから上部１０ａに水素イオンが移動できれば特に限定されない。 The conductor 1 is more preferably provided with a non-woven fabric-like conductive sheet, and particularly preferably made of a non-woven fabric-like conductive sheet. Since the thickness and porosity of the non-woven fabric can be easily changed, as will be described later, an anaerobic microorganism is attached to the lower portion 10b of the conductor 1, and an oxygen reduction catalyst or an aerobic microorganism is supported on the upper portion 10a. Is possible. The pore diameter of the space in the conductor 1 is not particularly limited as long as hydrogen ions can move from the lower portion 10b to the upper portion 10a.

上述の観点から、導電体１を構成する導電性材料は、グラファイトホイル、カーボンペーパー、カーボンクロス、カーボンフェルト及びステンレス鋼（ＳＵＳ）からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つであることが特に好ましい。 From the above viewpoint, it is particularly preferable that the conductive material constituting the conductor 1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of graphite foil, carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt and stainless steel (SUS).

図１乃至図３に示すように、浄化構造体１０における鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１は、鉛直方向Ｙに垂直な幅方向Ｚの長さＬ２よりも長いことが好ましい。また、浄化構造体１０は板状であることが特に好ましい。これにより、浄化構造体１０における下部１０ｂと被処理水３０の水面３０ａとの間の距離が大きくなり、下部１０ｂの周囲が嫌気条件となる。そのため、浄化構造体１０の下部１０ｂに嫌気性微生物が付着し、有機物の酸化を効率的に行うことが可能となる。また、浄化構造体１０において、酸素還元反応が生じる部位（上部１０ａ）と、有機物酸化反応が生じる部位（下部１０ｂ）との間に電位差を生じさせ、導電体１を通じて下部１０ｂから上部１０ａへ電子を効率的に伝導することが可能となる。 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the length L1 in the vertical direction Y in the purification structure 10 is preferably longer than the length L2 in the width direction Z perpendicular to the vertical direction Y. Further, it is particularly preferable that the purification structure 10 has a plate shape. As a result, the distance between the lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10 and the water surface 30a of the water to be treated 30 becomes larger, and the periphery of the lower portion 10b becomes an anaerobic condition. Therefore, anaerobic microorganisms adhere to the lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10, and it becomes possible to efficiently oxidize organic substances. Further, in the purification structure 10, a potential difference is generated between the site where the oxygen reduction reaction occurs (upper part 10a) and the part where the organic substance oxidation reaction occurs (lower part 10b), and electrons are generated from the lower part 10b to the upper part 10a through the conductor 1. Can be efficiently conducted.

なお、浄化構造体１０における鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１は、幅方向Ｚの長さＬ２よりも長いことが好ましい。また、浄化構造体１０における鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１は、幅方向Ｚの長さＬ２の２倍以上であることが好ましく、５倍以上であることがより好ましく、８倍以上であることがさらに好ましく、１０倍以上であることが特に好ましい。なお、浄化構造体１０における鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１の上限は特に限定されないが、例えば、幅方向Ｚの長さＬ２の５０倍以下であることが好ましい。 The length L1 in the vertical direction Y of the purification structure 10 is preferably longer than the length L2 in the width direction Z. Further, the length L1 in the vertical direction Y in the purification structure 10 is preferably twice or more, more preferably 5 times or more, and 8 times or more the length L2 in the width direction Z. It is more preferable, and it is particularly preferable that it is 10 times or more. The upper limit of the length L1 in the vertical direction Y in the purification structure 10 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 times or less the length L2 in the width direction Z, for example.

上述のように、浄化構造体１０の形状は板状であることがより好ましい。しかしながら、浄化構造体１０の形状はこのような態様に限定されず、鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１を幅方向Ｚの長さＬ２よりも長くすることが可能ならば、棒状又は紐状であってもよい。浄化構造体の形状が、板状、棒状又は紐状であることにより、浄化構造体１０における下部１０ｂと被処理水３０の水面３０ａとの間の距離が大きくなるため、下部１０ｂに多くの嫌気性微生物を付着させることができる。また、浄化構造体１０において、酸素還元反応が生じる上部１０ａと、有機物酸化反応が生じる下部１０ｂとの間に電位差を生じさせ、微生物の代謝を制御することが可能となる。なお、浄化構造体１０の形状が棒状又は紐状である場合、鉛直方向Ｙに垂直な幅方向Ｚの長さＬ２は、浄化構造体１０の外周における２点間の最大直線距離をいう。 As described above, the shape of the purification structure 10 is more preferably plate-shaped. However, the shape of the purification structure 10 is not limited to such an embodiment, and if it is possible to make the length L1 in the vertical direction Y longer than the length L2 in the width direction Z, it may be rod-shaped or string-shaped. May be good. Since the shape of the purification structure is plate-like, rod-like, or string-like, the distance between the lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10 and the water surface 30a of the water to be treated 30 becomes larger, so that the lower portion 10b has a lot of anaerobic conditions. Sexual microorganisms can be attached. Further, in the purification structure 10, a potential difference is generated between the upper portion 10a where the oxygen reduction reaction occurs and the lower portion 10b where the organic substance oxidation reaction occurs, and it becomes possible to control the metabolism of microorganisms. When the shape of the purification structure 10 is rod-shaped or string-shaped, the length L2 in the width direction Z perpendicular to the vertical direction Y means the maximum linear distance between two points on the outer circumference of the purification structure 10.

図４に示すように、浄化構造体１０における酸素還元反応が生じる部位（上部１０ａ）には、酸素還元触媒２が担持されていることが好ましい。酸素還元触媒２が担持されていることにより、上部１０ａにおいて酸素、水素イオン及び電子による酸素還元反応を効率的に進行させることが可能となる。なお、酸素還元触媒２は、導電体１の表面に担持されていてもよく、導電体１の内部に担持されていてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 4, it is preferable that the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 is supported on the site (upper part 10a) where the oxygen reduction reaction occurs in the purification structure 10. Since the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 is supported, the oxygen reduction reaction by oxygen, hydrogen ions and electrons can be efficiently promoted in the upper portion 10a. The oxygen reduction catalyst 2 may be supported on the surface of the conductor 1 or may be supported inside the conductor 1.

導電体１に担持され得る酸素還元触媒２は特に限定されないが、白金を含有することが好ましい。また、酸素還元触媒２は、少なくとも一種の非金属原子と金属原子とがドープされた炭素粒子を含んでもよい。炭素粒子にドープされる原子は特に限定されない。非金属原子は、例えば窒素原子、ホウ素原子、硫黄原子及びリン原子からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つであることが好ましい。また、金属原子は、例えば鉄原子及び銅原子の少なくとも一方であることが好ましい。 The oxygen reduction catalyst 2 that can be supported on the conductor 1 is not particularly limited, but preferably contains platinum. Further, the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 may contain carbon particles doped with at least one kind of non-metal atom and metal atom. The atoms doped in the carbon particles are not particularly limited. The non-metal atom is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of, for example, a nitrogen atom, a boron atom, a sulfur atom and a phosphorus atom. Further, the metal atom is preferably at least one of, for example, an iron atom and a copper atom.

酸素還元触媒２はバインダーを用いて導電体１に結着していてもよい。つまり、酸素還元触媒２はバインダーを用いて導電体１の表面及び細孔内部に担持されていてもよい。これにより、酸素還元触媒２が導電体１から脱離し、酸素還元特性が低下することを抑制できる。バインダーとしては、例えばポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶＤＦ）、及びエチレン－プロピレン－ジエン共重合体（ＥＰＤＭ）からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つを用いることが好ましい。また、バインダーとしては、ＮＡＦＩＯＮ（登録商標）を用いることも好ましい。 The oxygen reduction catalyst 2 may be bound to the conductor 1 by using a binder. That is, the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 may be supported on the surface of the conductor 1 and inside the pores by using a binder. As a result, it is possible to prevent the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 from desorbing from the conductor 1 and deteriorating the oxygen reduction characteristics. As the binder, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM). It is also preferable to use NAFION (registered trademark) as the binder.

浄化構造体１０における有機物酸化反応が生じる部位（下部１０ｂ）に付着する微生物としては、被処理水３０中の有機物を分解して水素イオンと電子を生成する嫌気性微生物であることが好ましい。嫌気性微生物３は、増殖に酸素を必要とせず、さらに被処理水３０中の有機物を酸化分解するための空気を必要としない。そのため、空気を送り込むために必要な電力を大幅に低減することができる。また、微生物が獲得する自由エネルギーが小さいので、汚泥発生量を減少させることが可能となる。 The microorganism adhering to the site (lower part 10b) where the organic matter oxidation reaction occurs in the purified structure 10 is preferably an anaerobic microorganism that decomposes the organic matter in the water to be treated 30 to generate hydrogen ions and electrons. The anaerobic microorganism 3 does not require oxygen for growth and does not require air for oxidative decomposition of organic matter in the water to be treated 30. Therefore, the electric power required to send air can be significantly reduced. In addition, since the free energy acquired by microorganisms is small, it is possible to reduce the amount of sludge generated.

浄化構造体１０の下部１０ｂに付着する嫌気性微生物は、例えば細胞外電子伝達機構を有する電気生産細菌であることが好ましい。具体的には、嫌気性微生物として、例えばGeobacter属細菌、Shewanella属細菌、Aeromonas属細菌、Geothrix属細菌、Saccharomyces属細菌が挙げられる。 The anaerobic microorganism attached to the lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10 is preferably an electroproducing bacterium having an extracellular electron transfer mechanism, for example. Specific examples of the anaerobic microorganisms include Geobacter spp., Shewanella spp., Aeromonas spp., Geothrix spp., And Saccharomyces spp.

浄化構造体１０の下部１０ｂに、嫌気性微生物を含むバイオフィルムが重ねられて固定されることで、下部１０ｂに嫌気性微生物が付着してもよい。なお、バイオフィルムとは、一般に、微生物集団と、微生物集団が生産する菌体外重合体物質（extracellular polymeric substance、EPS）とを含む三次元構造体のことをいう。ただ、嫌気性微生物は、バイオフィルムによらずに下部１０ｂに付着していてもよい。また、嫌気性微生物は、下部１０ｂの表面だけでなく、内部に付着していてもよい。 An anaerobic microorganism may adhere to the lower portion 10b by superimposing and fixing a biofilm containing an anaerobic microorganism on the lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10. The biofilm generally refers to a three-dimensional structure containing a microbial population and an extracellular polymer substance (EPS) produced by the microbial population. However, the anaerobic microorganism may be attached to the lower portion 10b regardless of the biofilm. Further, the anaerobic microorganism may be attached not only to the surface of the lower portion 10b but also to the inside.

浄化構造体１０における酸素還元反応が生じる部位（上部１０ａ）に付着する微生物としては、気相４０中の酸素と水素イオン及び電子とを反応させて水を生成する好気性微生物であることが好ましい。このような好気性微生物４としては、例えばSphingobacterium属細菌, Acinetobacterium属細菌、Acinetobacter属細菌が挙げられる。 The microorganism adhering to the site where the oxygen reduction reaction occurs (upper part 10a) in the purification structure 10 is preferably an aerobic microorganism that produces water by reacting oxygen in the gas phase 40 with hydrogen ions and electrons. .. Examples of such aerobic microorganisms 4 include bacteria of the genus Sphingobacterium, bacteria of the genus Acinetobacterium, and bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter.

浄化構造体１０は、導電体１のみからなるものであってもよい。後述するように、被処理水３０に嫌気性微生物３及び好気性微生物４の両方が存在している場合には、上部１０ａに好気性微生物４が付着し、下部１０ｂに嫌気性微生物３が付着することで局部電池反応が生じ、有機物を酸化分解することが可能となる。また、後述するように、浄化構造体１０は、酸素還元触媒２及びバインダーと共に浄化電極を構成してもよい。このような浄化電極を用いることによっても局部電池反応が生じ、有機物を酸化分解することが可能となる。 The purification structure 10 may be composed of only the conductor 1. As will be described later, when both the anaerobic microorganism 3 and the aerobic microorganism 4 are present in the water to be treated 30, the aerobic microorganism 4 adheres to the upper portion 10a and the anaerobic microorganism 3 adheres to the lower portion 10b. This causes a local battery reaction, which makes it possible to oxidatively decompose organic substances. Further, as will be described later, the purification structure 10 may form a purification electrode together with the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 and the binder. By using such a purification electrode, a local battery reaction also occurs, and organic substances can be oxidatively decomposed.

（処理槽）
浄化装置１００は、有機物を含む被処理水３０を内部に保持する、略直方体状の処理槽２０を備える。処理槽２０の前壁２３には、被処理水３０を処理槽２０に供給するための流入口２１が設けられている。また、処理槽２０の後壁２４には、処理後の被処理水３０を処理槽２０から排出するための流出口２２が設けられている。(Processing tank)
The purification device 100 includes a substantially rectangular parallelepiped treatment tank 20 that holds the water to be treated 30 containing organic substances inside. The front wall 23 of the treatment tank 20 is provided with an inflow port 21 for supplying the water to be treated 30 to the treatment tank 20. Further, the rear wall 24 of the treatment tank 20 is provided with an outlet 22 for discharging the treated water 30 from the treatment tank 20.

被処理水３０は、流入口２１を通じて処理槽２０の内部に連続的に供給される。また、図１及び図２に示すように、浄化構造体１０は、被処理水３０に浸漬するように処理槽２０の内部に配置されている。そのため、処理槽２０の流入口２１から供給された被処理水３０は、浄化構造体１０に接触しながら流れ、その後、流出口２２から排出される。 The water to be treated 30 is continuously supplied to the inside of the treatment tank 20 through the inflow port 21. Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the purification structure 10 is arranged inside the treatment tank 20 so as to be immersed in the water to be treated 30. Therefore, the water to be treated 30 supplied from the inflow port 21 of the treatment tank 20 flows while contacting the purification structure 10, and then is discharged from the outflow port 22.

浄化装置１００で処理する被処理水３０としては、例えば、有機性物質及び窒素を含む化合物（窒素含有化合物）の少なくとも一方からなる有機物を含有する液体とすることができる。また、被処理水３０は電解液であってもよい。 The water to be treated 30 to be treated by the purification device 100 can be, for example, a liquid containing an organic substance consisting of at least one of an organic substance and a nitrogen-containing compound (nitrogen-containing compound). Further, the water to be treated 30 may be an electrolytic solution.

次に、本実施形態の浄化装置１００の作用について説明する。浄化装置１００では、被処理水３０を保持した処理槽２０の内部に浄化構造体１０を設置する。この際、図２に示すように、浄化構造体１０は、導電体１の主面１ａが鉛直方向Ｙと略平行になるように処理槽２０の内部に設置される。 Next, the operation of the purification device 100 of the present embodiment will be described. In the purification device 100, the purification structure 10 is installed inside the treatment tank 20 holding the water to be treated 30. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the purification structure 10 is installed inside the processing tank 20 so that the main surface 1a of the conductor 1 is substantially parallel to the vertical direction Y.

処理槽２０の内部に浄化構造体１０を設置した場合、図４及び図５に示すように、浄化構造体１０の上部１０ａの一部は、気相４０及び被処理水３０の水面３０ａに接触している。さらに、浄化構造体１０の上部１０ａの一部は、被処理水３０にも接触している。なお、上部１０ａと接触する被処理水３０は気相４０の近傍に位置するため、溶存する酸素濃度が高い状態となっている。 When the purification structure 10 is installed inside the treatment tank 20, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a part of the upper portion 10a of the purification structure 10 comes into contact with the gas phase 40 and the water surface 30a of the water to be treated 30. is doing. Further, a part of the upper portion 10a of the purification structure 10 is also in contact with the water to be treated 30. Since the water to be treated 30 in contact with the upper portion 10a is located in the vicinity of the gas phase 40, the dissolved oxygen concentration is high.

浄化構造体１０の下部１０ｂは、被処理水３０の内部に浸漬している。なお、浄化構造体１０における鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１は幅方向Ｚの長さＬ２よりも長いことから、下部１０ｂは水面３０ａから離れており、溶存する酸素濃度が低い状態となっている。 The lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10 is immersed in the water to be treated 30. Since the length L1 in the vertical direction Y in the purification structure 10 is longer than the length L2 in the width direction Z, the lower portion 10b is separated from the water surface 30a, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is low.

そして、上述のように、浄化構造体１０の上部１０ａと接触する被処理水３０は溶存する酸素濃度が高いことから、被処理水３０に好気性微生物４が含まれている場合には、上部１０ａに好気性微生物４が付着する。ここで、例えば導電体１が多孔質体である場合には、毛管現象により被処理水３０が上昇し、導電体１の上端まで被処理水３０を保持することができる。そのため、浄化構造体１０の上部全体に好気性微生物４を付着させることができる。 As described above, the water to be treated 30 in contact with the upper portion 10a of the purification structure 10 has a high dissolved oxygen concentration. Therefore, when the water to be treated 30 contains the aerobic microorganism 4, the upper portion is used. Aerobic microorganism 4 adheres to 10a. Here, for example, when the conductor 1 is a porous body, the water to be treated 30 rises due to the capillary phenomenon, and the water to be treated 30 can be held up to the upper end of the conductor 1. Therefore, the aerobic microorganism 4 can be attached to the entire upper part of the purification structure 10.

また、浄化構造体１０の下部１０ｂは水面３０ａから離れており、周囲の酸素濃度が低いことから、下部１０ｂには嫌気性微生物３が付着する。 Further, since the lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10 is separated from the water surface 30a and the oxygen concentration in the surroundings is low, the anaerobic microorganism 3 adheres to the lower portion 10b.

このような構成の浄化装置１００では、浄化構造体１０の下部１０ｂにおいて、嫌気性微生物３の代謝により被処理水３０に含まれる有機物の酸化反応が進行し、水素イオン（Ｈ＋）と電子（ｅ－）が生成する。酸化反応により生成した水素イオンは、浄化構造体１０の内部空間を通って浄化構造体１０の上部１０ａに移動する。さらに酸化反応により生成した電子は、導電体１を介して浄化構造体１０の上部１０ａに移動する。In the purification device 100 having such a configuration, in the lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10, the oxidation reaction of the organic matter contained in the water to be treated 30 proceeds due to the metabolism of the anaerobic microorganism 3, and hydrogen ions (H + ) and electrons (H +) and electrons ( e- ) is generated. The hydrogen ions generated by the oxidation reaction move to the upper portion 10a of the purification structure 10 through the internal space of the purification structure 10. Further, the electrons generated by the oxidation reaction move to the upper portion 10a of the purification structure 10 via the conductor 1.

そして、浄化構造体１０の上部１０ａにおいて、下部１０ｂから移動した電子及び水素イオンが、酸素還元触媒及び／又は好気性微生物の作用により酸素分子と反応して水が生成する。このように、浄化構造体１０の下部１０ｂで有機物の酸化反応が進行し、上部１０ａで酸素の還元反応が進行することから、浄化装置全体として局部電池回路が形成される。 Then, in the upper portion 10a of the purification structure 10, electrons and hydrogen ions transferred from the lower portion 10b react with oxygen molecules by the action of an oxygen reduction catalyst and / or an aerobic microorganism to generate water. As described above, the oxidation reaction of the organic substance proceeds in the lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10, and the reduction reaction of oxygen proceeds in the upper portion 10a, so that the local battery circuit is formed as the entire purification apparatus.

具体的には、例えば、被処理水３０が有機性物質としてグルコースを含有する場合、上部１０ａ及び下部１０ｂで生じる局部電池反応（半セル反応）は、以下の式で表される。
・下部１０ｂ（アノード）：Ｃ６Ｈ１２Ｏ６＋６Ｈ２Ｏ→６ＣＯ２＋２４Ｈ＋＋２４ｅ－
・上部１０ａ（カソード）：６Ｏ２＋２４Ｈ＋＋２４ｅ－→１２Ｈ２ＯSpecifically, for example, when the water to be treated 30 contains glucose as an organic substance, the local battery reaction (half-cell reaction) that occurs in the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b is represented by the following formula.
・ Lower part 10b (anode): C 6H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O → 6CO 2 + 24H + + 24e-
・ Upper part 10a (cathode): 6O 2 + 24H + + 24e- → 12H 2 O

このように、下部１０ｂにおける嫌気性微生物３の触媒作用により、被処理水３０中の有機物を分解し、被処理水３０を浄化することが可能となる。 As described above, the catalytic action of the anaerobic microorganism 3 in the lower portion 10b makes it possible to decompose the organic matter in the water to be treated 30 and purify the water to be treated 30.

ここで、浄化構造体１０は、気相４０中の酸素を還元する酸素還元反応が生じる部位（上部１０ａ）と、被処理水３０中の有機物を酸化して水素イオンと電子を生成する有機物酸化反応が生じる部位（下部１０ｂ）との間に電位差が生じることが好ましい。その結果、導電体１を通じて有機物酸化反応が生じる部位から酸素還元反応が生じる部位へ電子が伝導することが好ましい。 Here, the purification structure 10 has a site (upper part 10a) where an oxygen reduction reaction that reduces oxygen in the gas phase 40 occurs, and organic matter oxidation that oxidizes the organic matter in the water to be treated 30 to generate hydrogen ions and electrons. It is preferable that a potential difference is generated from the site where the reaction occurs (lower part 10b). As a result, it is preferable that electrons are conducted from the site where the organic substance oxidation reaction occurs to the site where the oxygen reduction reaction occurs through the conductor 1.

具体的には、浄化構造体１０における鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１は、幅方向Ｚの長さＬ２よりも長いことから、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂは離間する。そして、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂとの間に存在する導電体１が高い電気抵抗率を有することにより、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂとの間に電位差が生じる。つまり、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂとの間における導電体１の電気抵抗率が比較的高くなることにより、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂとを適切な電位に制御できることから、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂとの間の電位差を確保することが可能となる。そして、電位差が確保されることにより、微生物の代謝が制御されることから、導電体１を通じて下部１０ｂから上部１０ａへ効率的に電子が伝導し、被処理水３０中の有機物の分解効率をより高めることが可能となる。さらに浄化構造体１０では、電位差を確保するための外部回路などの配線及び昇圧システムなどを設ける必要がなく、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂが短絡していることから、簡易な構成とすることができる。 Specifically, since the length L1 in the vertical direction Y in the purification structure 10 is longer than the length L2 in the width direction Z, the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b are separated from each other. Then, the conductor 1 existing between the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b has a high electrical resistivity, so that a potential difference is generated between the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b. That is, since the electrical resistivity of the conductor 1 between the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b is relatively high, the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b can be controlled to an appropriate potential, and therefore, between the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b. It is possible to secure the potential difference. Then, since the metabolism of microorganisms is controlled by ensuring the potential difference, electrons are efficiently conducted from the lower portion 10b to the upper portion 10a through the conductor 1, and the decomposition efficiency of the organic matter in the water to be treated 30 is further improved. It will be possible to increase. Further, in the purification structure 10, it is not necessary to provide wiring such as an external circuit and a boosting system for securing the potential difference, and the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b are short-circuited, so that the configuration can be simplified.

浄化構造体１０において、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂとの間に電位差を生じさせる方法は、幅方向Ｚの長さＬ２に対して鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１を大きくし、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂの間の距離を長くする方法がある。また、浄化構造体１０における導電体１自体の電気抵抗率を高める方法がある。なお、上部１０ａと下部１０ｂとの間における好ましい電位差は、カソードとなる上部１０ａで生じる酸素還元反応の理論電位、カソードとなる下部１０ｂで生じる有機物酸化反応の理論電位、及び過電圧により求めることができる。 In the purification structure 10, the method of creating a potential difference between the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b is to increase the length L1 in the vertical direction Y with respect to the length L2 in the width direction Z and between the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b. There is a way to increase the distance. Further, there is a method of increasing the electrical resistivity of the conductor 1 itself in the purification structure 10. The preferable potential difference between the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b can be obtained from the theoretical potential of the oxygen reduction reaction occurring in the upper portion 10a serving as the cathode, the theoretical potential of the organic matter oxidation reaction occurring in the lower portion 10b serving as the cathode, and the overvoltage. ..

このように、本実施形態の浄化装置１００は、導電体１を有し、酸素還元反応を生じさせる浄化構造体１０と、浄化構造体１０と浄化構造体１０により浄化される被処理水３０とを内部に保持するための処理槽２０と、を備える。そして、浄化構造体１０の一部が気相４０と接触し、かつ、浄化構造体１０の他部が被処理水３０と接触する。浄化構造体１０は、鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１が鉛直方向Ｙに垂直な幅方向Ｚの長さＬ２よりも長くなるように、処理槽２０の内部に設置される。そして、浄化構造体１０における、被処理水３０中の有機物を酸化して水素イオンと電子を生成する有機物酸化反応が生じる部位（下部１０ｂ）には、嫌気性微生物３が付着していることが好ましい。 As described above, the purification device 100 of the present embodiment includes the purification structure 10 which has the conductor 1 and causes an oxygen reduction reaction, and the purification structure 10 and the water to be treated 30 purified by the purification structure 10. It is provided with a processing tank 20 for holding the inside. Then, a part of the purification structure 10 comes into contact with the gas phase 40, and another part of the purification structure 10 comes into contact with the water to be treated 30. The purification structure 10 is installed inside the treatment tank 20 so that the length L1 in the vertical direction Y is longer than the length L2 in the width direction Z perpendicular to the vertical direction Y. The anaerobic microorganism 3 is attached to the portion (lower part 10b) of the purification structure 10 where the organic matter oxidation reaction that oxidizes the organic matter in the water to be treated 30 generates hydrogen ions and electrons occurs. preferable.

浄化装置１００は、電子移動反応を介して、被処理水３０に含まれる有機物を効率的に酸化分解できる。具体的には、被処理水３０に含まれる有機物は、嫌気性微生物３の代謝、すなわち嫌気性微生物３の増殖によって分解され除去される。そして、この酸化分解処理は嫌気性条件下で行われるため、好気性条件下で行われる場合よりも、有機物から微生物の新しい細胞への変換効率を低く抑えることができる。このため、活性汚泥法を用いる場合よりも、微生物の増殖、すなわち汚泥の発生量を低減することが可能となる。また、通常の嫌気性処理では臭気性のメタンガスが生成されるが、本実施形態における酸化分解処理では、代謝生成物は二酸化炭素ガスであるため、メタンガスの生成を抑制できる。さらに、浄化装置１００は、導電体１を有する浄化構造体１０と処理槽２０とにより構成されているため、構造が簡易であり、製造コストや維持管理コストを抑制することが可能となる。 The purification device 100 can efficiently oxidatively decompose organic substances contained in the water to be treated 30 via an electron transfer reaction. Specifically, the organic matter contained in the water to be treated 30 is decomposed and removed by the metabolism of the anaerobic microorganism 3, that is, the growth of the anaerobic microorganism 3. Since this oxidative decomposition treatment is performed under anaerobic conditions, the efficiency of conversion of organic substances into new cells can be suppressed to be lower than that performed under aerobic conditions. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the growth of microorganisms, that is, the amount of sludge generated, as compared with the case of using the activated sludge method. Further, although odorous methane gas is produced in a normal anaerobic treatment, in the oxidative decomposition treatment in the present embodiment, since the metabolic product is carbon dioxide gas, the production of methane gas can be suppressed. Further, since the purification device 100 is composed of the purification structure 10 having the conductor 1 and the treatment tank 20, the structure is simple, and it is possible to suppress the manufacturing cost and the maintenance cost.

また、浄化構造体１０は、鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１が長くなるように処理槽２０に設置されることから、下部１０ｂは水面３０ａから離れ、周囲の酸素濃度は低下する。そのため、下部１０ｂには嫌気性微生物３が多く付着することから、被処理水３０中の有機物を効率的に酸化分解することが可能となる。 Further, since the purification structure 10 is installed in the treatment tank 20 so that the length L1 in the vertical direction Y becomes long, the lower portion 10b is separated from the water surface 30a, and the oxygen concentration in the surroundings decreases. Therefore, since a large amount of anaerobic microorganisms 3 adhere to the lower portion 10b, the organic matter in the water to be treated 30 can be efficiently oxidatively decomposed.

浄化構造体１０は、気相４０中の酸素を還元する酸素還元反応が生じる部位（上部１０ａ）と、被処理水３０中の有機物を酸化して水素イオンと電子を生成する有機物酸化反応が生じる部位（下部１０ｂ）との間に電位差が生じることが好ましい。これにより、導電体１を通じて有機物酸化反応が生じる部位から酸素還元反応が生じる部位へ効率的に電子を伝導することができる。その結果、電子伝導を伴う嫌気性微生物３の代謝も促進される。また、嫌気性微生物３の代謝が促進される下部１０ｂには、嫌気性微生物３が泳動して付着する。そのため、下部１０ｂにおいて、被処理水３０における有機物の分解効率をより高めることが可能となる。 In the purification structure 10, a site where an oxygen reduction reaction for reducing oxygen in the gas phase 40 occurs (upper part 10a) and an organic substance oxidation reaction for oxidizing organic substances in the water to be treated 30 to generate hydrogen ions and electrons occur. It is preferable that a potential difference is generated between the site (lower part 10b) and the site (lower part 10b). This makes it possible to efficiently conduct electrons from the site where the organic substance oxidation reaction occurs to the site where the oxygen reduction reaction occurs through the conductor 1. As a result, the metabolism of anaerobic microorganism 3 accompanied by electron conduction is also promoted. Further, the anaerobic microorganism 3 migrates and adheres to the lower portion 10b where the metabolism of the anaerobic microorganism 3 is promoted. Therefore, in the lower portion 10b, it is possible to further increase the decomposition efficiency of the organic substance in the water to be treated 30.

浄化構造体１０における、気相４０中の酸素を還元する酸素還元反応が生じる部位（上部１０ａ）には、好気性微生物４が付着していることが好ましい。また、浄化構造体１０における、気相４０中の酸素を還元する酸素還元反応が生じる部位（上部１０ａ）には、酸素還元触媒２が担持されていることが好ましい。これにより、浄化構造体１０の下部１０ｂから移動した電子及び水素イオンが、酸素還元触媒２及び／又は好気性微生物４の作用により酸素分子と反応しやすくなる。そのため、嫌気性微生物３の代謝が促進し、有機物の酸化分解をより効率的に行うことが可能となる It is preferable that the aerobic microorganism 4 is attached to the site (upper part 10a) where the oxygen reduction reaction for reducing oxygen in the gas phase 40 occurs in the purification structure 10. Further, it is preferable that the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 is supported on the site (upper part 10a) where the oxygen reduction reaction for reducing oxygen in the gas phase 40 occurs in the purification structure 10. As a result, the electrons and hydrogen ions transferred from the lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10 easily react with the oxygen molecules by the action of the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 and / or the aerobic microorganism 4. Therefore, the metabolism of the anaerobic microorganism 3 is promoted, and the oxidative decomposition of organic matter can be performed more efficiently.

上述のように、浄化構造体１０の下部１０ｂが水面３０ａから離れることにより、下部１０ｂには嫌気性微生物３が付着しやすくなる。そのため、図１乃至図３に示すように、浄化構造体１０は、導電体１の主面１ａが鉛直方向Ｙと略平行になるように処理槽２０の内部に配設されることが好ましい。 As described above, when the lower portion 10b of the purification structure 10 is separated from the water surface 30a, the anaerobic microorganism 3 is likely to adhere to the lower portion 10b. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the purification structure 10 is preferably arranged inside the processing tank 20 so that the main surface 1a of the conductor 1 is substantially parallel to the vertical direction Y.

図１乃至図３に示す浄化装置１００では、一つの処理槽２０の内部に一つの浄化構造体１０が設置されている。しかし、本実施形態はこのような態様に限定されず、複数の浄化構造体１０が処理槽２０の内部に設置されていてもよい。一つの処理槽２０の内部に複数の浄化構造体１０が設置されていることにより、被処理水３０中の有機物をより効率的に浄化することが可能となる。 In the purification device 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, one purification structure 10 is installed inside one treatment tank 20. However, this embodiment is not limited to such an embodiment, and a plurality of purification structures 10 may be installed inside the treatment tank 20. By installing a plurality of purification structures 10 inside one treatment tank 20, it is possible to purify the organic matter in the water to be treated 30 more efficiently.

浄化構造体１０の下部１０ｂには、例えば、電子伝達メディエーター分子が修飾されていてもよい。または、処理槽２０内の被処理水３０は、電子伝達メディエーター分子を含んでいてもよい。これにより、嫌気性微生物３から下部１０ｂへの電子移動を促進し、より効率的な液体処理を実現できる。 The lower part 10b of the purification structure 10 may be modified with, for example, an electron transfer mediator molecule. Alternatively, the water to be treated 30 in the treatment tank 20 may contain electron transfer mediator molecules. As a result, electron transfer from the anaerobic microorganism 3 to the lower portion 10b can be promoted, and more efficient liquid treatment can be realized.

具体的には、嫌気性微生物３による代謝機構では、細胞内または最終電子受容体との間で電子の授受が行われる。被処理水３０中にメディエーター分子を導入すると、メディエーター分子が代謝の最終電子受容体として作用し、かつ、受け取った電子を下部１０ｂへと受け渡す。この結果、下部１０ｂにおける有機物の酸化分解速度を高めることが可能になる。なお、メディエーター分子が下部１０ｂの表面に担持されていても同様の効果が得られる。このような電子伝達メディエーター分子は、特に限定されない。電子伝達メディエーター分子としては、例えばニュートラルレッド、アントラキノン－２，６－ジスルホン酸（ＡＱＤＳ）、チオニン、フェリシアン化カリウム、及びメチルビオローゲンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つを用いることができる。 Specifically, in the metabolic mechanism by the anaerobic microorganism 3, electrons are exchanged intracellularly or with the final electron acceptor. When the mediator molecule is introduced into the water to be treated 30, the mediator molecule acts as the final electron acceptor for metabolism and transfers the received electron to the lower portion 10b. As a result, it becomes possible to increase the oxidative decomposition rate of the organic substance in the lower portion 10b. The same effect can be obtained even if the mediator molecule is supported on the surface of the lower portion 10b. Such an electron transfer mediator molecule is not particularly limited. As the electron transfer mediator molecule, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of neutral red, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid (AQDS), thionin, potassium ferricyanide, and methylviologen can be used.

［浄化電極］
次に、本実施形態に係る浄化電極について説明する。なお、上述の浄化装置と同一構成には同一符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。[Purification electrode]
Next, the purification electrode according to this embodiment will be described. The same components as those of the above-mentioned purification device are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.

本実施形態の浄化電極は、浄化装置に用いられものであって、導電体１と、導電体１に担持される酸素還元触媒２と、バインダーのみからなる。つまり、浄化電極は、浄化構造体１０である導電体１と、導電体１の酸素還元反応が生じる部位（上部１０ａ）に担持される酸素還元触媒２と、酸素還元触媒２を導電体１に結着するバインダーのみからなるものである。このような浄化電極を被処理水３０に浸漬することにより、図４に示すように、上部１０ａでは、酸素還元触媒２の作用により、気相４０中の酸素を還元する酸素還元反応が生じる。また、下部１０ｂでは、嫌気性微生物３の作用により、被処理水３０中の有機物を酸化して水素イオンと電子を生成する有機物酸化反応が生じる。さらに、浄化構造体１０の上部１０ａと下部１０ｂとの間に電位差が生じるように配置することにより、導電体１を通じて下部１０ｂから上部１０ａへ効率的に電子が伝導する。その結果、電子伝導を伴う嫌気性微生物３の代謝も促進されることから、被処理水３０における有機物の分解効率をより高めることが可能となる。 The purification electrode of the present embodiment is used in a purification device, and includes only a conductor 1, an oxygen reduction catalyst 2 supported on the conductor 1, and a binder. That is, in the purification electrode, the conductor 1 which is the purification structure 10, the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 supported on the portion (upper part 10a) where the oxygen reduction reaction of the conductor 1 occurs, and the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 are used as the conductor 1. It consists only of a binder that binds. By immersing such a purification electrode in the water to be treated 30, as shown in FIG. 4, in the upper portion 10a, an oxygen reduction reaction for reducing oxygen in the gas phase 40 occurs due to the action of the oxygen reduction catalyst 2. Further, in the lower portion 10b, the action of the anaerobic microorganism 3 causes an organic matter oxidation reaction that oxidizes the organic matter in the water to be treated 30 to generate hydrogen ions and electrons. Further, by arranging the purification structure 10 so that a potential difference is generated between the upper portion 10a and the lower portion 10b, electrons are efficiently conducted from the lower portion 10b to the upper portion 10a through the conductor 1. As a result, the metabolism of the anaerobic microorganism 3 accompanied by electron conduction is also promoted, so that the decomposition efficiency of the organic matter in the water to be treated 30 can be further improved.

なお、浄化電極の用途は、処理槽２０を備える浄化装置１００に限定されるものではない。つまり、浄化電極は、嫌気性微生物が存在する被処理水に浸漬するだけで、電子移動反応を介して、被処理水３０に含まれる有機物を効率的に酸化分解することができる。そのため、本実施形態の浄化電極は、処理槽２０を用いない浄化装置にも適用することができる。 The use of the purification electrode is not limited to the purification device 100 provided with the treatment tank 20. That is, the purification electrode can efficiently oxidatively decompose the organic substances contained in the water to be treated 30 through the electron transfer reaction only by immersing the purification electrode in the water to be treated in which anaerobic microorganisms are present. Therefore, the purification electrode of the present embodiment can also be applied to a purification device that does not use the treatment tank 20.

そのため、浄化電極は、導電体１を有し、酸素還元反応を生じさせる浄化構造体１０を備え、浄化構造体１０の一部が気相と接触し、かつ、浄化構造体１０の他部が被処理水３０と接触する浄化装置に用いられることが好ましい。このような浄化装置では、浄化構造体１０は、鉛直方向Ｙの長さＬ１が鉛直方向Ｙに垂直な幅方向Ｚの長さＬ１よりも長くなるように設置される。そして、浄化電極は、導電体１と、導電体１に担持される酸素還元触媒２と、バインダーのみからなることが好ましい。このような浄化電極を用いることにより、バイオガスの発生を抑制しつつも、簡易なシステムで被処理水を浄化することが可能となる。また、浄化電極に対して外部から運転に必要な電力を付与する必要がなく、浄化電極を被処理水に挿入するだけで運転できるため、電力供給が困難な場所でも被処理水の浄化を行うことが可能となる。 Therefore, the purification electrode has the conductor 1 and includes the purification structure 10 that causes an oxygen reduction reaction, a part of the purification structure 10 is in contact with the gas phase, and the other part of the purification structure 10 is. It is preferably used for a purification device that comes into contact with the water to be treated 30. In such a purification device, the purification structure 10 is installed so that the length L1 in the vertical direction Y is longer than the length L1 in the width direction Z perpendicular to the vertical direction Y. The purification electrode is preferably composed of only the conductor 1, the oxygen reduction catalyst 2 supported on the conductor 1, and the binder. By using such a purification electrode, it is possible to purify the water to be treated with a simple system while suppressing the generation of biogas. In addition, it is not necessary to apply the power required for operation to the purification electrode from the outside, and the operation can be performed simply by inserting the purification electrode into the water to be treated, so that the water to be treated can be purified even in places where power supply is difficult. It becomes possible.

以下、本実施形態を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、本実施形態はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present embodiment is not limited to these Examples.

［実施例１］
実施例１では、導電体に酸素還元触媒を担持した浄化構造体を作製した。具体的には、まず、導電体として、縦５ｍｍ、横５ｍｍ、長さ１００ｍｍの角柱状のカーボンフェルトを８本準備した。[Example 1]
In Example 1, a purification structure in which an oxygen reduction catalyst was supported on a conductor was produced. Specifically, first, eight prismatic carbon felts having a length of 5 mm, a width of 5 mm, and a length of 100 mm were prepared as conductors.

次に、鉄及び窒素を担持したカーボンブラックからなる炭素系触媒８０ｍｇを、濃度が５質量％のナフィオン溶液０．７６ｍＬ及びエタノール２．８ｍＬの混合溶液に分散させることにより、触媒スラリーを調製した。そして、各カーボンフェルトの上部２０ｍｍの部分に、得られた触媒スラリーを５０μＬずつ４面に垂らして乾燥した。これにより、カーボンフェルトの上部に炭素系触媒を担持した浄化構造体を８本得た。なお、本例では、８本の浄化構造体を１セットとし、合計で２セット作製した。 Next, a catalyst slurry was prepared by dispersing 80 mg of a carbon-based catalyst composed of carbon black carrying iron and nitrogen in a mixed solution of 0.76 mL of a Nafion solution having a concentration of 5% by mass and 2.8 mL of ethanol. Then, 50 μL of the obtained catalyst slurry was dripped on four surfaces of each carbon felt on the upper 20 mm portion and dried. As a result, eight purification structures in which a carbon-based catalyst was supported on the upper part of the carbon felt were obtained. In this example, eight purification structures were set as one set, and a total of two sets were produced.

［実施例２］
実施例１で使用した、縦５ｍｍ、横５ｍｍ、長さ１００ｍｍの角柱状のカーボンフェルトを８本準備した。そして、当該カーボンフェルトをそのまま浄化構造体として使用した。なお、本例も、８本の浄化構造体を１セットとし、合計で２セット作製した。[Example 2]
Eight prismatic carbon felts having a length of 5 mm, a width of 5 mm, and a length of 100 mm used in Example 1 were prepared. Then, the carbon felt was used as it was as a purification structure. In this example as well, eight purification structures were set as one set, and a total of two sets were produced.

［評価］
実施例１及び実施例２で得られた浄化構造体を被処理水である有機性廃水に浸漬し、２８日間運転した後における被処理水の浄化率を測定した。[evaluation]
The purified structures obtained in Examples 1 and 2 were immersed in organic wastewater as treated water, and the purification rate of the treated water after being operated for 28 days was measured.

具体的には、まず、容器として、容量が１００ｍＬのバイアル瓶を準備した。そして、バイアル瓶の内部に、浄化構造体を鉛直方向に１セットずつ設置し、さらに有機性廃水を注入した。この際、有機性廃水の注入量は、浄化構造体の下から８０ｍｍが有機性廃水に浸かるように調整した。具体的には、１本のバイアル瓶の内部に、８本の浄化構造体と４８ｍＬの有機性廃水とを入れることにより、下から８０ｍｍが有機性廃水に浸かるようにした。なお、有機性廃水としては、全有機体炭素（ＴＯＣ）が２７２ｍｇ／Ｌの液体を使用した。 Specifically, first, a vial with a capacity of 100 mL was prepared as a container. Then, one set of purification structures was installed in the vertical direction inside the vial, and organic wastewater was further injected. At this time, the injection amount of the organic wastewater was adjusted so that 80 mm from the bottom of the purification structure was immersed in the organic wastewater. Specifically, by putting eight purification structures and 48 mL of organic wastewater inside one vial, 80 mm from the bottom was immersed in the organic wastewater. As the organic wastewater, a liquid having a total organic carbon (TOC) of 272 mg / L was used.

さらに、バイアル瓶の有機性廃水には、微生物燃料電池用の種菌を入れた。そして、バイアル瓶に、浄化構造体と有機性廃水と種菌を入れた後に密閉することにより、実施例１及び実施例２の浄化装置（バッチ系）を２組ずつ作製した。なお、各例の浄化装置では、装置外部から内部に酸素が連続的に供給されるように調整した。 In addition, the organic wastewater in the vial was filled with an inoculum for a microbial fuel cell. Then, two sets of purification devices (batch systems) of Example 1 and Example 2 were prepared by putting the purification structure, the organic wastewater, and the inoculum into the vial and then sealing the vials. In the purification device of each example, oxygen was adjusted so as to be continuously supplied from the outside of the device to the inside.

得られた実施例１－１及び１－２の浄化装置並びに実施例２－１及び２－２の浄化装置をそれぞれ２８日間運転した。この際、一週間に２回ずつ有機性廃水のＴＯＣを測定した。なお、ＴＯＣの測定毎に浄化構造体及び有機性廃水を新しいバイアル瓶に移し、さらに新たな有機性廃水を６０ｍＬ注入した。また、各例の浄化装置を２８日間運転した後に、有機性廃水中のＴＯＣを測定した。 The obtained purification devices of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and the purification devices of Examples 2-1 and 2-2 were operated for 28 days, respectively. At this time, the TOC of organic wastewater was measured twice a week. The purified structure and organic wastewater were transferred to a new vial for each TOC measurement, and 60 mL of new organic wastewater was injected. In addition, after operating the purification device of each example for 28 days, the TOC of the organic wastewater was measured.

１週間に２回及び２８日間運転後に１回の合計９回のＴＯＣ測定結果の平均値を、図６に示す。図６に示すように、実施例１及び実施例２の浄化構造体の両方とも、ＴＯＣが処理前と比べて半分以下となっており、有機性廃水が浄化されていることが分かる。さらに、酸素還元触媒を担持した実施例１－１及び１－２と、酸素還元触媒を担持していない実施例２－１及び２－２を比較すると、実施例１－１及び１－２の方が、ＴＯＣが低下していることが分かる。そのため、浄化構造体に酸素還元触媒を担持することにより、酸素還元反応を促進し、より効率的に被処理水を浄化できることが分かる。 FIG. 6 shows the average value of the TOC measurement results of a total of 9 times, twice a week and once after 28 days of operation. As shown in FIG. 6, in both the purification structures of Example 1 and Example 2, the TOC is less than half of that before the treatment, and it can be seen that the organic wastewater is purified. Further, comparing Examples 1-1 and 1-2 carrying an oxygen reduction catalyst with Examples 2-1 and 2-2 not supporting an oxygen reduction catalyst, Examples 1-1 and 1-2 It can be seen that the TOC is lower. Therefore, it can be seen that by supporting the oxygen reduction catalyst on the purification structure, the oxygen reduction reaction can be promoted and the water to be treated can be purified more efficiently.

このように、酸素還元触媒を担持した実施例１の浄化構造体は、酸素還元触媒を担持していない実施例２の浄化構造体よりも、より効率的に有機物を酸化することができる。ただ、酸素還元触媒を担持していない浄化構造体でもＴＯＣが処理前と比べて半分以下となっていることから、導電体のみからなる浄化構造体も高い浄化性能を発揮できることが分かる。 As described above, the purification structure of Example 1 carrying the oxygen reduction catalyst can oxidize organic substances more efficiently than the purification structure of Example 2 not supporting the oxygen reduction catalyst. However, even in the purification structure that does not support the oxygen reduction catalyst, the TOC is less than half of that before the treatment, so it can be seen that the purification structure consisting only of the conductor can exhibit high purification performance.

さらに、２８日間運転した後における実施例１－１及び１－２並びに実施例２－１及び２－２の浄化構造体から、全真菌に対するGeobacter菌の比率（Ratio of Geobacter）を測定した。具体的には、まず、実施例１－１及び１－２並びに実施例２－１及び２－２の浄化構造体の下部に付着した微生物から、ＤＮＡを抽出した。次に、抽出したＤＮＡを用い、定量ＰＣＲにより、全真菌およびGeobacter菌のＤＮＡ濃度を定量した。そして、数式１より、全真菌に対するGeobacter菌の比率を算出した。

Figure 0007010303000001
Furthermore, the ratio of Geobacter to all fungi was measured from the purified structures of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and Examples 2-1 and 2-2 after driving for 28 days. Specifically, first, DNA was extracted from the microorganisms attached to the lower parts of the purified structures of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and Examples 2-1 and 2-2. Next, using the extracted DNA, the DNA concentrations of all fungi and Geobacter fungi were quantified by quantitative PCR. Then, the ratio of Geobacter to all fungi was calculated from Equation 1.
Figure 0007010303000001

なお、全真菌のＤＮＡ濃度の測定に用いた検量線は、大腸菌から抽出したＤＮＡおよび下記のプライマーを用いた定量ＰＣＲより得た。また、括弧内は塩基配列を示した。
B1055F (5’-ATG GYT GTC GTC AGCT-3’)
B1392R (5’-ACG GGC GGT GTG TAC-3’)
また、Geobacter菌のＤＮＡ濃度の測定に用いた検量線は、geobacter sulfurreducensから抽出したＤＮＡおよび下記のプライマーを用いた定量ＰＣＲより得た。なお、括弧内は塩基配列を示した。
Geo494F (5’-AGG AAG CAC CGG CTAACT CC-3’)
Geo825R (5’-TAC CCG CRA CAC CTA GT-3’)The calibration curve used for measuring the DNA concentration of all fungi was obtained by quantitative PCR using DNA extracted from Escherichia coli and the following primers. In addition, the base sequence is shown in parentheses.
B1055F (5'-ATG GYT GTC GTC AGCT-3')
B1392R (5'-ACG GGC GGT GTG TAC-3')
The calibration curve used for measuring the DNA concentration of Geobacter was obtained by quantitative PCR using DNA extracted from Geobacter sulfur reducens and the following primers. The base sequence is shown in parentheses.
Geo494F (5'-AGG AAG CAC CGG CTAACT CC-3')
Geo825R (5'-TAC CCG CRA CAC CTA GT-3')

上述のようにして算出した、実施例１－１及び１－２並びに実施例２－１及び２－２の浄化構造体における全真菌に対するGeobacter菌の比率を図７に示す。図７に示すように、酸素還元触媒を用いた実施例１－１及び１－２の浄化構造体は、酸素還元触媒を用いていない実施例２－１及び２－２の浄化構造体と比べてGeobacter菌の比率が高いことが分かる。つまり、実施例１－１及び１－２の浄化構造体の方が、電流生成菌が付着している割合が高いことが分かる。このことから、酸素還元触媒を担持することにより、浄化構造体の上部において酸素還元反応が進行し、それに伴い下部から上部への電子が移動し易くなるため、嫌気性微生物の増殖が促進されることが分かる。 FIG. 7 shows the ratio of Geobacter fungi to all fungi in the purified structures of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and Examples 2-1 and 2-2 calculated as described above. As shown in FIG. 7, the purification structures of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 using the oxygen reduction catalyst are compared with the purification structures of Examples 2-1 and 2-2 not using the oxygen reduction catalyst. It can be seen that the ratio of Geobacter bacteria is high. That is, it can be seen that the purification structures of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 have a higher rate of current-generating bacteria attached. From this, by supporting the oxygen reduction catalyst, the oxygen reduction reaction proceeds in the upper part of the purification structure, and the electrons easily move from the lower part to the upper part, so that the growth of anaerobic microorganisms is promoted. You can see that.

以上、本実施形態を説明したが、本実施形態はこれらに限定されるものではなく、本実施形態の要旨の範囲内で種々の変形が可能である。また、本実施形態に係る浄化装置及び浄化電極は、有機物を含む液体、例えば各種産業の工場などから発生する廃水や、下水汚泥などの有機性廃水などの処理に広く適用できる。さらに、浄化装置及び浄化電極は、水域の環境改善などにも利用できる。 Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present embodiment is not limited to these, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the present embodiment. Further, the purification device and the purification electrode according to the present embodiment can be widely applied to the treatment of liquids containing organic substances, such as wastewater generated from factories of various industries and organic wastewater such as sewage sludge. Further, the purification device and the purification electrode can be used for improving the environment of the water area.

特願２０１７－２３００１６号（出願日：２０１７年１１月３０日）の全内容は、ここに援用される。 The entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-230016 (Filing date: November 30, 2017) are incorporated herein by reference.

本開示によれば、構造が簡易であり、かつ、廃水を効率的に浄化することが可能な浄化装置、及び当該浄化装置を用いられる浄化電極を得ることができる。 According to the present disclosure, it is possible to obtain a purification device having a simple structure and capable of efficiently purifying wastewater, and a purification electrode using the purification device.

１，１Ａ 導電体
１０ａ 上部（酸素還元反応が生じる部位）
１０ｂ 下部（有機物酸化反応が生じる部位）
２ 酸素還元触媒
３ 嫌気性微生物
４ 好気性微生物
１０，１０Ａ 浄化構造体
２０ 処理槽
３０ 被処理水
４０ 気相
１００ 浄化装置1,1A Conductor 10a Upper part (site where oxygen reduction reaction occurs)
Lower part of 10b (site where organic matter oxidation reaction occurs)
2 Oxygen reduction catalyst 3 Anaerobic microorganisms 4 Aerobic microorganisms 10,10A Purification structure 20 Treatment tank 30 Treatment water 40 Gas phase 100 Purification device

Claims (9)

導電体を有し、酸素還元反応を生じさせる浄化構造体と、
前記浄化構造体と前記浄化構造体により浄化される被処理水とを内部に保持するための処理槽と、
を備え、
前記浄化構造体の上部が気相と接触し、かつ、前記浄化構造体の下部が前記気相と接触せず前記被処理水と接触し、前記下部は、鉛直方向において前記上部よりも下方に位置しており、
前記浄化構造体は、鉛直方向の長さが前記鉛直方向に垂直な幅方向の長さの２倍以上になるように、前記処理槽の内部に設置され、
前記浄化構造体では、前記気相中の酸素を還元する酸素還元反応が生じる前記上部と、前記被処理水中の有機物を酸化して水素イオンと電子を生成する有機物酸化反応が生じる前記下部との間に電位差が生じ、前記導電体を通じて前記下部から前記上部へ前記電子が伝導する、浄化装置。 A purification structure that has a conductor and causes an oxygen reduction reaction,
A treatment tank for holding the purified structure and the water to be treated purified by the purified structure inside.
Equipped with
The upper part of the purification structure is in contact with the gas phase, and the lower part of the purification structure is not in contact with the gas phase but in contact with the water to be treated, and the lower part is below the upper part in the vertical direction. Located and
The purification structure is installed inside the treatment tank so that the length in the vertical direction is at least twice the length in the width direction perpendicular to the vertical direction .
In the purification structure, the upper part where an oxygen reduction reaction for reducing oxygen in the gas phase occurs and the lower part where an organic substance oxidation reaction for oxidizing organic substances in the water to be treated to generate hydrogen ions and electrons occur. A purification device in which a potential difference is generated between the electrons and the electrons are conducted from the lower portion to the upper portion through the conductor . 前記浄化構造体は、鉛直方向の長さが前記鉛直方向に垂直な幅方向の長さの５倍以上になるように、前記処理槽の内部に設置される、請求項１に記載の浄化装置。 The purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the purification structure is installed inside the treatment tank so that the length in the vertical direction is 5 times or more the length in the width direction perpendicular to the vertical direction. .. 前記浄化構造体における前記上部には、好気性微生物が付着している、請求項１又は２に記載の浄化装置。 The purification device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein aerobic microorganisms are attached to the upper portion of the purification structure. 前記浄化構造体における前記上部には、酸素還元触媒が担持されている、請求項１乃至３のいずれか一項に記載の浄化装置。 The purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an oxygen reduction catalyst is supported on the upper portion of the purification structure. 前記浄化構造体における前記下部には、嫌気性微生物が付着している、請求項１乃至４のいずれか一項に記載の浄化装置。 The purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an anaerobic microorganism is attached to the lower portion of the purification structure. 前記浄化構造体の形状は、板状、棒状又は紐状である、請求項１乃至５のいずれか一項に記載の浄化装置。 The purifying device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the purifying structure has a plate shape, a rod shape, or a string shape. 複数の前記浄化構造体が前記処理槽の内部に設置されている、請求項１乃至６のいずれか一項に記載の浄化装置。 The purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a plurality of the purification structures are installed inside the treatment tank. 請求項１乃至７のいずれか一項に記載の浄化装置に用いられる浄化電極であって、
前記導電体と、前記導電体に担持される酸素還元触媒と、バインダーのみからなる浄化電極。 A purification electrode used in the purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
A purification electrode composed of only the conductor, an oxygen reduction catalyst supported on the conductor, and a binder. 導電体を有し、酸素還元反応を生じさせる浄化構造体を備え、
前記浄化構造体の上部が気相と接触し、かつ、前記浄化構造体の下部が前記気相と接触せず前記被処理水と接触し、前記下部は、鉛直方向において前記上部よりも下方に位置しており、
前記浄化構造体は、鉛直方向の長さが前記鉛直方向に垂直な幅方向の長さの２倍以上になるように設置され、
前記浄化構造体では、前記気相中の酸素を還元する酸素還元反応が生じる前記上部と、前記被処理水中の有機物を酸化して水素イオンと電子を生成する有機物酸化反応が生じる前記下部との間に電位差が生じ、前記導電体を通じて前記下部から前記上部へ前記電子が伝導する浄化装置に用いられる浄化電極であって、
前記導電体と、前記導電体に担持される酸素還元触媒と、バインダーのみからなる浄化電極。 It has a conductor and has a purification structure that causes an oxygen reduction reaction.
The upper part of the purification structure is in contact with the gas phase, and the lower part of the purification structure is not in contact with the gas phase but in contact with the water to be treated, and the lower part is below the upper part in the vertical direction. Located and
The purification structure is installed so that the length in the vertical direction is at least twice the length in the width direction perpendicular to the vertical direction .
In the purification structure, the upper part where an oxygen reduction reaction for reducing oxygen in the gas phase occurs and the lower part where an organic substance oxidation reaction for oxidizing organic substances in the water to be treated to generate hydrogen ions and electrons occur. A purification electrode used in a purification device in which a potential difference is generated between the electrons and electrons are conducted from the lower part to the upper part through the conductor .
A purification electrode composed of only the conductor, an oxygen reduction catalyst supported on the conductor, and a binder.
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