JP6987517B2 - Blocks for aquatic organisms and their manufacturing methods - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a block for aquatic organisms and a method for producing the same.

Conventionally, materials for placing in water for aquaculture and supplying useful components for aquaculture have been known.
For example, in Patent Document 1, aquaculture material containing calcium silicate for supplying into water for aquaculture of aquatic organisms, wherein the above-mentioned aquaculture material is added in an amount of 1 g to 1 liter of distilled water. Described are aquaculture materials characterized in that the amount of water-soluble SiO _{2 eluted when added is 3 mg or more.}
According to Patent Document 1, according to this aquaculture material, the growth of diatoms in water can be further promoted, and as a result, deterioration of water quality in aquaculture ponds and the like can be suppressed, and aquatic organisms to be cultivated (for example, crustaceans). ) Can be improved, and the growth of crustaceans and the like that feed on diatoms is described as being good.

On the other hand, there are known blocks for purifying water by placing them in water such as lakes and marshes.
For example, Patent Document 2 describes a concrete block having a cavity, which is characterized by having a porous concrete block by setting the weight ratio of the coarse aggregate to the total aggregate to be 30 to 70%. Blocks for use are listed.
According to Patent Document 2, according to this water purification block, the hollow concrete block is made porous by setting the ratio of the coarse aggregate to the total aggregate to 30 to 70%, so that the water quality of rivers and lakes can be improved. It is stated that it is suitable for purification and also suitable for the habitat of fish and small aquatic animals because it has a penetrating cavity.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-129512 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-41848

An object of the present invention is that a component useful for aquatic organisms (for example, calcium, etc.) can be supplied into water in which aquatic organisms live in a sufficient amount for a long period of time, and when submerged in water. In addition, it can be installed in a stable and upright state without causing corner chips, etc., and for aquatic organisms that are resistant to movement by water currents (for example, outflow from aquaculture farms). To provide a block.

As a result of diligent studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor is a block for aquatic organisms having a block body containing components useful for aquatic organisms, and the block body is from the upper body portion and the lower body portion. According to the block for aquatic organisms, the upper main body portion has a smaller bulk density than the lower main body portion, and it has been found that the above object can be achieved, and the present invention has been completed.

The present invention provides the following [1] to [6].
[1] A block for aquatic organisms having a block body containing components useful for aquatic organisms, the block body is composed of an upper body portion and a lower body portion, and the upper body portion is the lower body portion. A block for aquatic organisms characterized by a smaller bulk density than a portion.
[2] The block for aquatic organisms according to the above [1], wherein the block body is a cured product of a water-hard material containing calcium silicate-containing material, cement and water.
[3] The block for aquatic organisms according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the block main body has a through hole extending from the upper main body portion to the lower main body portion.
[4] The block for aquatic organisms according to the above [3], wherein the through hole is formed so that the cross-sectional area in the lower main body portion is larger than the cross-sectional area in the upper main body portion.
[5] The method for manufacturing the block for aquatic organisms according to any one of the above [1] to [4], which is a material accommodating step of accommodating the material constituting the block body in a mold. A method for producing a block for aquatic organisms, which comprises a vibration step of applying vibration to a material housed in the mold to form the block body.
[6] A method for promoting the growth of aquatic organisms using the block for aquatic organisms according to any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the block for aquatic organisms is placed in water inhabited by aquatic organisms. A method for promoting the growth of aquatic organisms, which comprises a block installation step of submerging and installing the lower body portion so as to touch the ground.

The block for aquatic organisms of the present invention is useful for aquatic organisms contained in the block body because the upper body portion in the block body is configured to have a smaller bulk density than the lower body portion. Various components (for example, calcium, silicon, etc.) can be supplied into water inhabited by aquatic organisms over a long period of time and in a sufficient amount.
Further, the block for aquatic organisms of the present invention is configured so that the lower main body portion in the block main body has a larger bulk density than the upper main body portion, so that it is stable when submerged in water. It can be installed in an upright state without causing corner chipping or the like due to an impact when touching the bottom of the water.
Further, since the block for aquatic organisms of the present invention has a large bulk density of the lower body portion in the block body, movement due to water flow (for example, outflow from aquaculture farms) even after being installed in water. It's hard to get up.

It is a perspective view which shows an example of the block for aquatic organisms of this invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the block for aquatic organisms shown in FIG. 1 is cut in a vertical plane passing through the center point of the upper end surface. It is sectional drawing which shows the 1st modification of the sectional drawing shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the 2nd modification of the sectional drawing shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows various deformation examples of the upper end surface of the block for aquatic organisms shown in FIG. It is a bottom view which shows the lower end surface in the case where the groove is formed in the lower end surface of the block for aquatic organisms shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the block for aquatic organisms of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the block 1 for aquatic organisms of the present invention has a block body 2 containing components useful for aquatic organisms.
The block 1 for aquatic organisms of the present invention can include other members in addition to the block body 2. An example of another member is a metal torus that is attached to the lower end portion of the outer peripheral surface 4 of the block body 2 to enhance the stability of the block body 2. However, instead of the metal torus (flange-shaped member), such a brim-shaped portion may be formed as a part of the block main body 2 at the lower end portion of the block main body 2.

The block main body 2 is composed of an upper main body portion 2a and a lower main body portion 2b.
In the present specification, the "upper main body portion" means a portion having a bulk density equal to or lower than the average value of the bulk density of the block main body 2. Further, the "lower body portion" means a portion having a bulk density exceeding the average value of the bulk density of the block body 2.
In the upper main body portion 2a and the lower main body portion 2b, (a) as a forming method using the same material, the kneaded material before curing in the mold is vibrated to allow the paste to flow down, and as a result, the bulk density is at the upper end. As a method of obtaining an integral molded body that gradually increases from the lower end to the lower end, (b) as a forming method using different materials, a material for forming the lower main body portion 2b is supplied in the mold, and then the lower main body is supplied. A method of supplying a material for forming an upper main body portion 2a on a molded body composed of the portions 2b, and as a result, obtaining a molded body which is a laminated body of the upper main body portion 2a and the lower main body portion 2b, etc. Can be formed by.

The ratio of the bulk density of the upper main body portion 2a to the lower main body portion 2b (bulk density of the upper main body portion 2a / bulk density of the lower main body portion 2b) is the effect of the present invention (for example, more stable and upright state). It is preferably 0.67 to 0.96, more preferably 0.75 to 0.95, from the viewpoint of increasing It is more preferably 0.80 to 0.94, and particularly preferably 0.90 to 0.92.
The bulk density of the upper main body portion 2a is preferably 0.88 to 0.94 g / cm ³ , more preferably 0.88 to 0.93 g / cm ³ , and particularly preferably 0. It is 88 to 0.92 g / cm ³ .
The bulk density of the lower main body portion 2b is preferably 0.97 to 1.30 g / cm ³ , more preferably 0.98 to 1.20 g / cm ³ , and particularly preferably 0. It is 99 to 1.10 g / cm ³ .

The block body 2 can be formed, for example, as a cured body of a calcium silicate-containing material, cement and a hydraulic material containing water.
The calcium silicate-containing material is a compound containing silicic acid and calcium. Specifically, it contains one or more selected from the group consisting of tovamorite, zonotrite, CSH gel, foschagit, gyrolite, finbrandite, wollastonite and the like.
Tovamorite is a crystalline calcium silicate hydrate, Ca ₅ · (Si ₆ O ₁₈ H ₂ ) · 4H ₂ O (plate-like form), Ca ₅ · (Si ₆ O ₁₈ H ₂ ) ( It has a chemical composition such as (plate-like form), Ca ₅ · (Si ₆ O ₁₈ H ₂ ), 8H _{2 O (fibrous form).}
Zonotolite is a crystalline calcium silicate hydrate having a chemical composition such as _{Ca 6} , (Si ₆ O ₁₇ ), (OH) _{2 (fibrous form).}
The CSH gel has _{a chemical composition of αCaO, βSiO 2 , γH 2} O (however, α / β = 0.7 to 2.3 and γ / β = 1.2 to 2.7). be. Specifically, calcium silicate hydrate or the like having a chemical composition of 3CaO · 2SiO ₂ · 3H ₂ O and the like.
Foschagit has a chemical composition such as _{Ca 4} (SiO ₃ ) ₃ (OH) _2.
The gyro _light, those having a _{(NaCa 2) Ca 14 (Si} 23 Al) O 60 (OH) 8 · 14H 2 O The chemical composition of such.
The fillet brandite has a chemical composition such as _{Ca 2} SiO ₃ (OH) _2.
Wollastonite has a chemical composition such as CaO · SiO ₂ (fibrous or columnar form).

Further, as the calcium silicate-containing material, even if a building material containing calcium silicate (particularly scrap material or waste material) such as lightweight cellular concrete (ALC) containing tovamorite as a main component or a moisturizing material containing zonotrite is used. good.
Above all, from the viewpoint of availability and economy, it is preferable to use lightweight cellular concrete (ALC) containing tovamorite as a main component. Further, from the viewpoint of promoting the use of waste, it is more preferable to use the offcuts of the lightweight aerated concrete generated in the manufacturing process of the lightweight aerated concrete or at the construction site.

Here, the lightweight cellular concrete (ALC) is made of tovamorite and unreacted silica stone, and has a void ratio of about 80% by volume. Here, the void ratio means the ratio of the total volume of voids in the total volume of concrete.
The ratio of tovamorite in the lightweight aerated concrete is 65 to 80% by volume, assuming that the entire solid phase excluding the void portion inside the lightweight aerated concrete is 100% by volume.
Lightweight cellular concrete can be obtained by autoclaving a raw material (for example, a cured product consisting of a mixture thereof) containing, for example, silica stone powder, cement, fresh lime powder, a foaming agent (for example, aluminum powder), water and the like. ..

Further, the calcium silicate-containing material is preferably porous. When the calcium silicate-containing material is porous, when the material is immersed in water, the air existing in the porous portion of the material is entrained in the water, so that the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water decreases. Can be prevented.

The calcium silicate-containing material used in the present invention is preferably in the form of granules.
In the present specification, the “granular substance” means a substance having a particle size of 0.1 mm or more.
Here, the "particle size" is a value corresponding to the opening size of the sieve.
The particle size of the calcium silicate-containing material is preferably 6 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, and particularly preferably 4 mm or less, from the viewpoint of increasing the elution amount of calcium and silicon contained in the material.
The particle size distribution of the calcium silicate-containing material has a particle size of 1.2 to 4 mm from the viewpoint of easily adjusting the ratio of the bulk density of the upper main body portion 2a and the lower main body portion 2b within the above-mentioned preferable numerical range. It is preferably contained in an amount of 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 40% by mass or more.

The cement used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, various types such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, ultra-early-strength Portland cement, moderate heat Portland cement, sulfate-resistant Portland cement, and low heat Portland cement. Various mixed cements such as Portland cement, blast furnace cement, silica cement, and fly ash cement can be used.
In the present invention, the amount of the calcium silicate-containing material is preferably 330 to 480 parts by mass, more preferably 350 to 450 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 370 to 430 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. When the amount is 330 parts by mass or more, the supply amount of calcium and silicon to water is further increased. When the amount is 480 parts by mass or less, the strength of the block for aquatic organisms of the present invention (for example, no corner chipping and high bending strength) is further increased.
The amount of water is preferably 110 to 150 parts by mass, more preferably 120 to 140 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 125 to 135 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. When the amount is 110 parts by mass or more, the workability of the kneaded product, which is the material of the block for aquatic organisms of the present invention, is further improved. When the amount is 150 parts by mass or less, the strength of the block for aquatic organisms of the present invention (for example, no corner chipping and high bending strength) is further increased.

The block main body 2 has a through hole 3 extending from the upper end (upper end surface 5) of the upper main body portion 2a to the lower end (lower end surface 6) of the lower main body portion 2b.
By having the through hole 3, the surface area of the block body 2 is increased, and a larger amount of components useful for aquatic organisms (for example, calcium and silicon) contained in the block body 2a can be supplied into the water. can. Further, since diatoms grow on the inner peripheral surface forming the through holes 3 due to silicon or the like eluted in the through holes 3, aquatic organisms (fish, crustaceans, etc.) that eat the diatoms form the through holes 3. I will live there. As described above, the through hole 3 can be useful for the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms.

Instead of the through hole 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, for example, the through hole 13 shown in FIG. 3, the through hole 23 shown in FIG. 4, and the like can be adopted.
In FIG. 3, the block 11 for aquatic organisms is a block configured in the same manner as the block 1 for aquatic organisms of FIGS. 1 to 2 except that the block 11 for aquatic organisms has a through hole 13 instead of the through hole 3, and the outer peripheral surface 14 It is composed of a block body 12 having a columnar outer shape (upper body portion 12a and lower body portion 12b) having an upper end surface 15, a lower end surface 16, and a through hole 13.
The through hole 13 has a circular horizontal cross section and is formed so that the cross-sectional area gradually increases from the upper end surface 15 to the lower end surface 16. By forming the through hole in such a shape, the area of the inner peripheral surface formed by the through hole is further increased, so that a larger amount of components useful for aquatic organisms (for example, calcium and silicon) are added. It can be supplied into water, and the place where diatoms grow can be made wider.
In FIG. 4, the aquatic organism block 21 is a block configured in the same manner as the aquatic organism block 1 of FIGS. 1 to 2 except that it has a through hole 23 instead of the through hole 3, and the outer peripheral surface 24. It is composed of a block body 22 (upper body portion 22a and lower body portion 22b) having a columnar outer shape and having an upper end surface 25, a lower end surface 26, and a through hole 23.
The through hole has an equal-diameter portion 23a formed in a columnar shape, and an expansion formed so that the horizontal cross section is circular and the cross-sectional area gradually increases from the upper end surface 25 side toward the lower end surface 26. It consists of a diameter portion 23b.

As shown in FIG. 5, the upper end surface (and the lower end surface) of the aquatic organism block has a circular outer peripheral shape (each shape of the upper end and the lower end of the outer peripheral surface 4) as shown in FIGS. 1 to 2. In addition to the form of the upper end surface 5 (and the lower end surface 6) having a circular opening portion (through hole 3) ((a) in FIG. 5), various forms can be provided.
In FIG. 5, (b) is an example of an upper end surface (and a lower end surface) having a circular outer peripheral shape (each shape of the upper end and the lower end of the outer peripheral surface) and having a square opening portion (through hole). .. In this case, the through holes are formed in a prismatic shape.
In FIG. 5, (c) is an example of an upper end surface (and a lower end surface) having a square outer peripheral shape (each shape of the upper end and the lower end of the outer peripheral surface) and having a circular opening portion (through hole). .. In this case, the block body is formed in a prismatic shape.
In FIG. 5, (d) is an example of an upper end surface (and a lower end surface) having an outer peripheral shape (each shape of the upper end and the lower end of the outer peripheral surface) having a regular hexagonal shape and having a circular opening portion (through hole). be.
In FIG. 5, (e) is an example of an upper end surface (and a lower end surface) having a circular outer peripheral shape (each shape of the upper end and the lower end of the outer peripheral surface) and having a regular hexagonal opening portion (through hole). be.

In the present invention, a groove for communicating the water around the aquatic organism block and the water in the through hole can be formed on the lower end surface of the block body.
FIG. 6 shows an example of a form in which the lower end surface 6 of the block body 2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 2 has a groove. The groove 7 is formed so as to extend from the through hole 3 to the outer peripheral surface 4. By forming the groove 7 in this way, it is possible to prevent the accumulation of SS (suspended solids and suspended solids) in the through hole 3.
The number of grooves is two in FIG. 6, but may be another number (for example, one or three or more).

The dimensions of the block for aquatic organisms of the present invention are not particularly limited, but can be determined as follows, for example.
The length of the outer peripheral surface of the block body (for example, the distance between the upper end and the lower end of the outer peripheral surface 4 in FIG. 1) is 50 to 200 mm.
The maximum dimensions of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the block body (for example, the diameter of the upper end surface 5 in FIG. 1 and the diagonal length in the square of (c) in FIG. 5) are 50 to 200 mm.
The size of the through hole in the block body (for example, the diameter of the through hole 3 in FIG. 1 and the diagonal length in the square of (b) in FIG. 5) is 10 to 80 mm.
When the size of the through hole of the block body is different between the upper end and the lower end, the value obtained by subtracting the size of the through hole at the upper end from the size of the through hole at the lower end is 5 to 30 mm.
When the lower end surface of the block body has a groove, the width of the groove (the dimension in the lateral direction of the groove 7 in FIG. 6) is 5 to 20 mm, and the depth of the groove (the lower end surface 6 in FIG. 6). Therefore, the dimension of the depth toward the upper end surface 5 (not shown) is 4 to 15 mm.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
[Example 1]
(1) Materials used The materials used are as shown below.
(A) Calcium silicate-containing material: Waste material of lightweight cellular concrete (ALC) (particle size of 0.01 mm or more, less than 1.20 mm is 40% by mass or more, and particle size is 1.20 mm or more and 4.00 mm). The following are 40% by mass or more)
(B) Cement: Blast furnace cement type B (c) Water (2) Production method 100 parts by mass of cement, 400 parts by mass of calcium silicate-containing material, and 130 parts by mass of water were kneaded to obtain a kneaded product. After the kneaded material was placed in the mold, vibration was applied to the mold (and the kneaded material contained therein) for 2 minutes. Next, the molded product of the kneaded product was removed from the mold, and then the molded product of the kneaded product was cured with steam at 60 ° C. to obtain a block for aquatic organisms, which was a cured product of the kneaded product.
The block for aquatic organisms is shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, and has an outer peripheral surface length of 80 mm, an upper end surface and a lower end surface diameter of 80 mm, a through hole diameter of 20 mm at the upper end and 30 mm at the lower end, and a lower portion. The groove on the end face was 8 mm wide and 6 mm deep.

(3) Evaluation of block for aquatic organisms (a) Bulk density The block for aquatic organisms has a thickness of 4.05 mm including the upper end surface (hereinafter referred to as the upper end portion) and a thickness including the lower end surface. 25mm portion of was measured each bulk density (hereinafter, referred to as the lower end portion.), the bulk density of the upper end portion is 0.91 g / cm ^3, the bulk density of the lower end portion was 1.00 g / cm ³ ..

(B) Elution amount of useful components (Si and Ca) Elution of block for aquatic organisms in accordance with "JIS K 0058-1: 2005 Chemical substance test method for slags-Part 1: Elution amount test method" A test was conducted and the elution amounts of Si and Ca were measured.
Specifically, the measurement was performed by the following procedure. First, the above-mentioned upper end portion (a portion having a thickness of 4.05 mm including the upper end surface) cut out from the block for aquatic organisms was immersed in ion-exchanged water having a mass 10 times that of the upper end portion. Then, using a stirrer having three blades, the ion-exchanged water containing the upper end portion was stirred at 200 rpm for 6 hours. Then, using an ICP emission spectrometer, the amounts of Si and Ca eluted in the ion-exchanged water from the upper end were measured.
The elution amounts of Si and Ca were measured in the same manner for the lower end portion (the portion having a thickness of 4.25 mm including the lower end surface).
As a result, the elution amount of Si was 31.2 mg / liter and the elution amount of Ca was 39.5 mg / liter for the upper end portion (the portion having a thickness of 4.05 mm including the upper end surface).
For the lower end portion (the portion having a thickness of 4.25 mm including the lower end surface), the amount of Si eluted was 29.9 mg / liter, and the amount of Ca eluted was 30.9 mg / liter.
From these measured values, it can be seen that the elution amounts of Si and Ca are larger in the upper end portion than in the lower end portion.

(C) Ratio of blocks for aquatic organisms standing upright when submerged in water Ten of the above-mentioned blocks for aquatic organisms were prepared, and each of them was examined three times to see if it would stand upright when submerged in water.
Specifically, a block for aquatic organisms is dropped into a tank with an open water depth of 1 m from a point slightly above the water surface, settled in the water, and it is investigated whether it will be upright or overturned after touchdown. rice field.
As a result, out of all 30 times (10 pieces x 3 times), the number of uprights after touchdown was 21 times. This number (21 times) is 70% of all 30 times.

1,11,21 Blocks for aquatic organisms 2,12,22 Block body 3,13,23 Through holes 4,14,24 Outer peripheral surface 5,15,25 Upper end surface 6,16,26 Lower end surface 7 Grooves 33,43, 53, 63 Through holes 35, 45, 55, 65 Upper end surfaces 2a, 12a, 22a Upper main body part 2b, 12b, 22b Lower main body part 23a Equal diameter part 23b Enlarged part

Claims (7)

A block for aquatic organisms that has a block body containing components useful for aquatic organisms.
The block main body is a portion having a bulk density equal to or lower than the average value of the bulk density of the block main body, and a lower main body portion having a bulk density exceeding the average value of the bulk density of the block main body. It consists of
The block body is a cured body of a hydraulic material containing granules of lightweight aerated concrete, cement and water, and is an integral molded body whose bulk density gradually increases from the upper end to the lower end. Block for aquatic organisms. The aquatic life according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the bulk density of the upper main body portion to the lower main body portion (bulk density of the upper main body portion / bulk density of the lower main body portion) is 0.67 to 0.96. Biological block. The lightweight aerated concrete granules include those having a particle size of 0.01 mm or more and less than 1.20 mm in a proportion of 40% by mass or more, and those having a particle size of 1.20 mm or more and 4.00 mm or less by 40 mass. The block for aquatic organisms according to claim 1 or 2, which is contained in a proportion of% or more. The block for aquatic organisms according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the block main body has a through hole extending from the upper main body portion to the lower main body portion. The block for aquatic organisms according to claim 4 , wherein the through hole is formed so that the cross-sectional area in the lower main body portion is larger than the cross-sectional area in the upper main body portion. The method for producing a block for aquatic organisms according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
A material accommodating process for accommodating the materials constituting the block body in the formwork, and
A vibration process in which the material contained in the mold is vibrated to allow the paste to flow down to form the block body.
A method for producing a block for aquatic organisms, which comprises. A method for promoting the growth of aquatic organisms using the block for aquatic organisms according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
A block installation process in which the above-mentioned block for aquatic organisms is submerged in the water where the above-mentioned aquatic organisms inhabit so that the lower main body portion is in contact with the ground.
A method for promoting the growth of aquatic organisms, which comprises.

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